33-2 powerpoint
TRANSCRIPT
Chinese Civil War &
Triumph of CommunismMaterial taken from 30-3 and 33-2
Sun YixianWho is Sun
Yixian?Why is he
significant?
Chinese Warlords, 1920s
Yuan Shikai Warlords in power in many districts
Kuomintang has control of southern China
Yuan Shikai
THE COMMUNIST PARTY IN CHINA
Lenin Befriends ChinaW. Democracies don’t support Sun
Yixian’s request for aid… turn to USSRKuomintang (in south) allies with
Chinese Communist Party (CCP)Lenin sends help to ChinaWhat forms of help does Lenin send?
Military advisers, equipment, Chinese soldiers go to Moscow for training
Nationalists and Communists ClashNationalists and Communists
fight against warlords togetherSoon Jiang turns against
Communists
Jiang Jieshi Becomes President of Nationalist China, 1928
Jiang JieshiAKA Chiang Kai-
ShekPolitical and military
leader of ChinaNationalist PartyRuled as a dictatorFears Communists
goal of Socialist economy
1927 Communist Purges
Peasants Align Themselves with CommunistsJiang’s government: promises
democracy…but very corrupt◦Does not improve life of peasants
Peasants turn to Communist Party
Mao’s Version of Communism?Lenin – got support from the
workers in the citiesMao – support of the rural
peasants in China
Civil War in China
Guerilla Tactics?Retreat when enemy advancesHarass when enemy encampsAttack when enemy hesitatesPursue when enemy retreats
What were the results of the Long March?2/3 did not complete journeyTurning point of Chinese Civil
War: More Chinese people joined the Communists
The Long March1933: Nationalists surrounded
Communists; outnumber 6:11934: Communists fled6,000 mile-long journeyLasts more than a yearStarts out with 100,000; 10-
30,000 reach NW China safely
Japan’s Invasion Suspends the Civil War1931: invade Manchuria1937: all-out invasion of China
What is the effect of Japan’s invasion on the Civil War?
Civil War stops when Nationalists and Communists join forces against Japan
Civil War in ChinaU.S. supports Nationalists -- $2
billion in aid; army outnumbers Communists 3:1
Communists, however – public support & guerilla tactics
Reasons for the Communists’ SuccessMao won support of peasantsMao won support of womenMao’s army used guerilla war
tacticsMany saw Nationalist
government as corruptMany felt that the Nationalists
allowed foreigners to dominate China
People’s Republic of ChinaOctober 1949: Nationalists flee
3. What aspect of the Communist approach do you think was most responsible for Mao’s victory?
Barebones Civil War
Mao Zedong1893-1976Revolutionary,
leader of Long March
Leader of China 1943-1976
Mao’s Reforms
“Great Leap Forward”1958Ambitious program to expand
success of 1st Five Year PlanLarger collective farms
(communes)Strict control of communes –
huge communities
“Great Leap Forward”… or “Great Leap Backward?”Poor planningInefficient industriesCrop failuresDiscontinued in 1961
◦NOTE: YOUR PAPER SAYS 1861…fix it
What circumstances prevented Mao’s Great Leap Froward from bringing economic prosperity to China?◦Mao’s strict socialism◦Life in a commune◦Environmental problems
New Policies and Mao’s ResponseTerritorial disputes; Soviet aid to
China stopsMao reduces role of governmentRelaxes strict socialism until
1966
Cultural RevolutionRed Guards: student-formed
militia unitsGoal – establish society of
peasants and workers in which all were equal
Shut down colleges and schoolsTarget anyone with privileges or
resisted regimeThousands executed or died in
jail
Cultural Revolution1966-1976Chaos; factories and farm
production threatenedRed Guards dissolvedRadical movement led to calls for
modernization in China and a more moderate approach
How did this radical China become an ally of the United States?China began opening up door
again in the 1970sModernizing China – agriculture,
industry, defense, and science / technology
Eliminate many of Mao’s reforms (communes, etc.)
China is still Communist
U.S. doesn’t approve of Communist regime in China…but open to them economically
2000: U.S. voted to normalize trade with China…best way to prompt change is through greater engagement
Today…Google issues in China
How did this radical China become an ally of the United States?
China TodayEconomy forecasted to be bigger
than U.S. economy by 2016China still has planned
economy…but keeps opening up to further western influence
Human rights discussion in China
One-Child Policy Introduced in 1978, implemented 1979Family permitted to have one childPolicy has developed –
◦ Fines for extra children, plus have to pay for education and health care
◦ Multiple births ARE allowed Implications:
◦ Male: Female = 117:100 (vs. average of 103:100)◦ Infanticide, forced abortions, abandoning children
Not implemented the same throughout China – some districts = more strict than others
March 2011 – reconsidered, discuss possibility of 2 child policy?