Download - 2.1 product life cycle design cortesi 10-11
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
sara cortesipolitecnico di milano . INDACO dpt. . DIS . school of design . Italy
Learning Network on Sustainability
course System Design for Sustainabilitysubject 2. Introduction to product Life Cicle Design (LCD)
learning resource 2.1
Product Life Cycle Design
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
CONTENTS
. Environmental requirements for product design
. (Damaging) Environmental effects
. Life cycle
. Functional unit
. Life Cycle Assessment
. Life Cycle Design
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PRODUCT DESIGN
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PRODUCT DESIGN
- RELATED TO: (DAMAGING) ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
- ASSOCIATED TO (A PRODUCT): > LIFE CYCLE AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
EACH ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT IS BASED ON A SUBSTANCE’S EXCHANGE (IMPACT) BETWEEN THE NATURE/ENVIRONMENT AND A (ANTHROPIC TRASFORMATION) PROCESS OF A PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION SYSTEM
input: substance extraction from the environment
output: substance emission in the environment
(not all impacts damage with the same entity)
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
INPUT AND ITS (DAMAGING) EFFECTS
RESOURCES EXHAUSTION
ALTERATION OF THE ECOSYSTEMS’ BALANCE
(damaging outputs of extractive processes)
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
OUTPUT AND ITS (DAMAGING) EFFECTS
global warming (greenhouse effect)ozone layer depletioneutrophicationacidificationsmogtoxicitywastes...
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
CAN WE ASSOCIATE THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS TO A PRODUCT? AND HOW?
CRITERIA:- PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE- FUNCTIONAL UNIT
EVALUATION METHOD:- LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
DESIGN APPROACH:- LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
DESIGN ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
LIFE CYCLE AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
THE PRODUCT IS SEEN IN RELATION TO THE MATERIAL AND ENERGY FLOWS AND EMISSIONS OF THE ACTIVITIES THAT GO WITH IT DURING ITS WHOLE LIFESPAN
input / output > environmental consequences (social, economic, …)
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
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PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
manufac.
assemb.
finish
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mater.
energy
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PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
package
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stor
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manufac.
assemb.
finish
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PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
package
trasp
.
stor
age
manufac.
assemb.
finish
reso
urc
e’s
achie
ving
mater.
energy
produc.
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
package
trasp
.
stor
age
manufac.
assemb.
finish
reso
urc
e’s
achie
ving
mater.
energy
produc.
collection
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
package
trasp
.
stor
age
manufac.
assemb.
finish
reso
urc
e’s
achie
ving
mater.
energy
produc.
collection
other product’s life cycle
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
package
trasp
.
stor
age
manufac.
assemb.
finish
reso
urc
e’s
achie
ving
mater.
energy
produc.
collection
other product’s life cycle
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
FUNCTIONAL (OR “SATISFACTION”) UNIT
IS NOT THE PRODUCT TO BE ASSESSED
(DESIGNED) BUT, THE WHOLE OF THE
PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE
FULFILLMENT OF A GIVEN FUNCTION
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)
AND
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN (LCD)
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
LCA: LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
a quantitative method to assess the environmental effects of the life cycle of a given product/service in relation to its functional unit(s)
ISO 14040 STANDARD
PRODUCT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
Ex. LCA of a sofa (useful lifespan: 8 years)
PRE-PROD. +PRODUCTION
DISTRIBUTION USE DISPOSAL
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
Ex. LCA of a fridge (useful lifespan: 10 years)
PRE-PROD. +PRODUCTION
DISTRIBUTION USE DISPOSAL
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
PRELIMINARY LCA ON EXISTING PRODUCT/S
to support the definition of design priorities
LCA DURING THE PROJECT
to compare one material/process and the other
to compare one concept and the other
LCA AT THE END OF THE DESIGN PROCESS
LCA TO DEFINE SPECIFIC (FOR PRODUCT, SECTOR, ...) GUIDELINES
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT FOR DESIGN
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN (LCD)
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
LIFE CYCLE DESIGNAPPROACH
an extended design horizon
from product design
to the design of the product LIFE CYCLE stages
the design “reference”
from product designto product’s “FUNCTION” design
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN(ENVIRONMENTAL) OBJECTIVE
MINIMISE INPUT AND OUTPUT
quantitatively
qualitatively
(in relation to life cycle and functional unit)
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
LCD: DESIGN CRITERIA
RESOURCES MINIMISATION
LOW IMPACT RESOURCES SELECTIONPRODUCT LIFESPAN OPTIMISATIONMATERIAL LIFESPAN EXTENSION
DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
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Sara CortesiPolitecnico di Milano / Dip. INDACO / DIS / Facoltà del Design / Italia
FOR DECISION MAKING (DESIGNING)identify the (environmental) design PRIORITIES:> CRITERIA relevance (relative) per product type> most promising criteria related GUIDELINES
INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA/GUIDELINES
FOR A GIVEN PRODUCT:- some have HIGHER RELEVANCE than others - can be SYNERGETIC or CONFLICTING