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13th Jan 27 BC Octavian restores power topeople and Senate. In return, is granted nameAugustus (“revered one”) and title princeps(“first man”). Also receives provincesof Gaul, Spain, Syria and Egypt. Holds one ofconsulships each year
23 BC Augustus resigns from consulship. Isappointed tribune (representative of the people)and imperator (“giver of orders/emperor”)
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Imperator: grants Augustus superiority toany other provincial governor
Tribune: allows Augustus to:
1. Veto legislation2. Help aggrieved citizens3. Initiate legislation in tribal assembly4. Convene Senate and order agenda
Augustus also appoints and dismisses officials,(incl. senators) holds wealth and military power
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1. Primarily nobles Senate
2. Augustus reviewed membership
3. Augustus appointed committee to conductpreliminary review of legislation
4. Fully subordinated to emperor by 14 AD
5. Became high court of justice
6. Elected, but influence of electorate reduced
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25 BC Marcellus married to Augustus’daughter Julia
23 BC Death of Marcellus - poisonedon orders of Livia?
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23 BC Augustus gives signet toAgrippa while ill
18 BC Agrippa given tribunician power
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principes iuventutis(“leaders of the young”)
17 BC Augustus adopts Gaius and Lucius
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12 BC Death of Agrippa
9 BC Death of Drusus
6 BC Tiberius granted tribunician power, butleaves for Rhodes
2 BC Banishment of Julia, Augustus’ daughter
2 AD Death of Lucius in France. Tiberiusreturns to Rome
4 AD Death of Gaius in Armenia
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4 AD Tiberius granted tribunicianpower and title of imperator
6 AD Agrippa Postumus, son of Julia andAgrippa, disgraced for obstinacy!
8 AD Julia, grand-daughter of Augustus anddaughter of Julia, disgraced for adultery
13 AD Tiberius’ tribunician power renewed
14 AD Death of Augustus. Tiberius takes power
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Tacitus
Gaius (or Publius) Cornelius Tacitus(c. 55-c. 117)
Historian
Born in S. Gaul, upper class
Studied rhetoric in Rome
Held various governmentpositions
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Tacitus
Various works, including:
Histories
Annals
12 books of Annals survive,books 1-6, 11-16