13th Jan 27 BC Octavian restores power topeople and Senate. In return, is granted nameAugustus (“revered one”) and title princeps(“first man”). Also receives provincesof Gaul, Spain, Syria and Egypt. Holds one ofconsulships each year

23 BC Augustus resigns from consulship. Isappointed tribune (representative of the people)and imperator (“giver of orders/emperor”)

Imperator: grants Augustus superiority toany other provincial governor

Tribune: allows Augustus to:

1. Veto legislation2. Help aggrieved citizens3. Initiate legislation in tribal assembly4. Convene Senate and order agenda

Augustus also appoints and dismisses officials,(incl. senators) holds wealth and military power

1. Primarily nobles Senate

2. Augustus reviewed membership

3. Augustus appointed committee to conductpreliminary review of legislation

4. Fully subordinated to emperor by 14 AD

5. Became high court of justice

6. Elected, but influence of electorate reduced

25 BC Marcellus married to Augustus’daughter Julia

23 BC Death of Marcellus - poisonedon orders of Livia?

23 BC Augustus gives signet toAgrippa while ill

18 BC Agrippa given tribunician power

principes iuventutis(“leaders of the young”)

17 BC Augustus adopts Gaius and Lucius

12 BC Death of Agrippa

9 BC Death of Drusus

6 BC Tiberius granted tribunician power, butleaves for Rhodes

2 BC Banishment of Julia, Augustus’ daughter

2 AD Death of Lucius in France. Tiberiusreturns to Rome

4 AD Death of Gaius in Armenia

4 AD Tiberius granted tribunicianpower and title of imperator

6 AD Agrippa Postumus, son of Julia andAgrippa, disgraced for obstinacy!

8 AD Julia, grand-daughter of Augustus anddaughter of Julia, disgraced for adultery

13 AD Tiberius’ tribunician power renewed

14 AD Death of Augustus. Tiberius takes power

Tacitus

Gaius (or Publius) Cornelius Tacitus(c. 55-c. 117)

Historian

Born in S. Gaul, upper class

Studied rhetoric in Rome

Held various governmentpositions

Tacitus

Various works, including:

Histories

Annals

12 books of Annals survive,books 1-6, 11-16