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ELAINE N. MARIEB
EIGHTH EDITION
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University
ESSENTIALSOF HUMAN
ANATOMY& PHYSIOLOGY
PART A
The Human Body: An
Orientation
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Human Body – An Orientation
� Anatomy – study of the structure and shape of
the body and its parts
� Physiology – study of how the body and its
parts work or function
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Anatomy – Levels of Study
� Gross Anatomy
� Large structures
� Easily observable
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Figure 14.4
Anatomy – Levels of Study
� Microscopic Anatomy
� Very small
structures
� Can only be
viewed with
a microscope
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Figure 1.1
Levels of Structural Organization
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 1.2a
Organ System Overview
� Integumentary
� Forms the external body
covering
� Protects deeper tissue from
injury
� Synthesizes vitamin D
� Location of cutaneous
nerve receptors
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Figure 1.2b
Organ System Overview
� Skeletal
� Protects and supports
body organs
� Provides muscle
attachment for movement
� Site of blood cell
formation
� Stores mineral
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Figure 1.2c
Organ System Overview
� Muscular
� Allows locomotion
� Maintains posture
� Produces heat
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Figure 1.2d
Organ System Overview
� Nervous
� Fast-acting control
system
� Responds to internal and
external change
� Activates muscles and
glands
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Figure 1.2e
Organ System Overview
� Endocrine
� Secretes regulatory
hormones
� Growth
� Reproduction
� Metabolism
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Figure 1.2f
Organ System Overview
� Cardiovascular
� Transports materials in body
via blood pumped by heart
� Oxygen
� Carbon dioxide
� Nutrients
� Wastes
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Organ System Overview
� Lymphatic
� Returns fluids to blood
vessels
� Disposes of debris
� Involved in immunity
Figure 1.2g
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Organ System Overview
� Respiratory
� Keeps blood supplied
with oxygen
� Removes carbon dioxide
Figure 1.2h
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Organ System Overview
� Digestive
� Breaks down food
� Allows for nutrient
absorption into blood
� Eliminates indigestible
material
Figure 1.2i
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Organ System Overview
� Urinary
� Eliminates nitrogenous
wastes
� Maintains acid – base
balance
� Regulates water and
electrolytes
Figure 1.2j
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Organ System Overview
� Reproductive
� Production
of offspring
Figure 1.2k