Download - 1 hrly gs ch 05 deserts
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Deserts
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Desert
Definition:– Desert is a place which receives very little rain,
and have an evaporation rate that exceeds precipitation
• Receives less than 10 inches (25 cm) a year– Although the amount varies from year to
year
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• Deserts cover about 20% of the surface of the Earth
• They are found on every continent.
• Desert have a large temperature variance– Daytime 55OC– Nighttime Freezing cold at night
• Consists of distinctive and specialized vegetations and animals
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• Few large mammals in the deserts – Because they are not capable of
storing sufficient water and withstanding the heat
• Yet more than one billion people, one-sixth of the Earth's population, actually live in desert regions
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Types of Deserts
• Following are the major classifications of desert:– Cold desert
• Polar desert• Tundra or Temperate desert
– Hot desert Arid desert– Coastal desert
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Cold Deserts
Polar
Tundra
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• Also known as Arctic Tundra
• Located near the polar regions
• These deserts are covered with snow and ice
• They have extremely cold temperatures year-round– A cold desert never rises above
10 oC in the summertime
Pola
r D
esert
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• Instead of sand dunes, there are snow dunes
• Following are Polar deserts:– Antarctic Largest– Arctic Second largest– Greenland desert– Nearctic Realm
• Northern Canada• Northern Russia
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Antarctic
Arctic
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Tu
nd
ra
Desert
• Also known as Alpine Tundra
• Located at higher altitudes on mountains where trees do not grow
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• Climate– Summers Hot and dry
– Winter Brutally cold, dry winters with temperatures far below the freezing point
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• Characteristics– It is often treeless
• The snow underground makes it difficult or impossible for trees to root down into the ground
– Receives little precipitation
– Reaches extremely frigid temperatures, especially in the winter when it receives little to no sunlight
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• Following are few tundra deserts:– Gobi desert Asia– Kyzyl Kum desert Asia– Taklamakan desert Asia– The Great Basin Desert North
America– Patagonian Desert South
America– Karakum Desert Asia – Dasht-e Kavir Asia
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• Animals that live in cold deserts have special adaptations:
An
imals
livin
g in
Cold
D
esert
– Polar Bear– Walrus– Arctic Wolf– Arctic Hare– Emperor
Penguins
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– Rock Ptarmigan – Caribou or Reindeer– Musk Ox– Arctic Ground Squirrel– Least Weasel– Arctic Wolverine– Yak– Harp Seal– Blue Whale
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Penguin
Polar Bear
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Walrus
Seal
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Arctic Wolf
Arctic Hare
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Rock Ptarmig
an
Arctic Ground Squirrel
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Caribou
Arctic Lemmin
g
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Arctic Wolveri
ne
Arctic Lemmin
g
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Musk Ox
Yak
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White Siberian
Tiger
Siberian Tiger
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Husky Sled Dogs
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Hot Desert
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• A true desert climate
• Covers 12 % of the Earth's land surface
• Located at low altitudes
• Soil nature Saline or Alkaline
Ari
d D
esert
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• Topography – Sand dunes – Rocks
• Hot and dry all year round– Because receive very little rainfall– High evaporation rate compared
to rainfall Rainfall evaporates before it reaches the ground
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• Temperature Exhibit extremes– Day Very hot
• Because no clouds to shield the earth from the sun's rays
• The atmosphere contains little humidity to block the rays of the sun.
– Night Very cold – Drop below freezing
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• Following are some hot deserts:– Sahara Desert Asia– Arabian Peninsula Asia– Great Sandy Desert Australia– Kalahari Africa– Syrian Desert Asia
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• Adaptations to cope with the lack of water and the extreme temperatures – To avoid daytime heat
• Nocturnal animals • Burrow beneath the surface • Hide in the shade during the day
– Desert animals drink no or very little water• Get all the water they need from their
food• Most animals are small
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• Physiological adaptations:– Aestivation (dormancy during
summer)– The absence of sweat glands– Localized deposits of fat in tails or
humps– Reptiles with their waterproof
skin
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• Animals that live in hot deserts:– Desert Bighorn Sheep – Kangaroo Rat– Scorpion– Coyote– Tarantula– Camel– Greater Roadrunner– Addax Antelope – Ibex– Egyptian Vulture – Dingo
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Bighorn Sheep
Kangaroo Rat
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Desert Scorpion
Tarantula
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Addax Antelope
Ibex
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Coyote
Mountain Lion
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Egyptian Vulture
Great Roadrunn
er
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• Only specialized plants can survive in these deserts which have few of the following characteristics:
– Vegetation consists mainly of shrubs and small trees
– Reduction of leaves Spines
– Those which have leaves, retain water
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– Extensive underground root systems• Grow straight down to groundwater• Spread out extensively under the
surface of the desert – Elimination of competitors' roots
by injecting toxic chemicals into the soil known as allelopathy
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• Following are few of the plants:– Cactus– Date– Prickly Pears – False Mesquite – Turpentine Bush– Yucca Plant– Ocotillo– Agave Plant– Brittlebush
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Cactus
Date Palm
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False Mesquite
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Prickly Pears
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Yucca Plant
Agave Plant
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• These deserts are dry but not hot– Because of frigid ocean currents
• Seasons– Summers
• Warm and mild• Longer than winters
– Winters • Cool• Shorter than summers
Coasta
l D
esert
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• Following are twp coastal deserts:– Atacama, Chile South America– Namib Africa
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• Not as harsh as the hot and dry deserts– More types of animals can live
here
• Vegetations:– Black sage – Rice grass – Salt bush