09/24 Primary Sources (ReRead & WRITE!)
Lecture & ChronologyOBJ: How do the Bolsheviks consolidate power bet. Oct 1917-1924?
Practical realities facing Russia in 1918?
Do Now: Quiz 10 mins then Conflicts with ideology? SKIM p 1 of – “Number 1” Source &
carefully read p. 2 demands- What do they want?- Does this conflict with Lenin’s plans?
There is no revolutionary movement out of revolutionary theory (1927)
Assess the contribution of Lenin to Feb/Oct Revolutions.
How Marxist (or Communist) was Lenin’s ideology?
How does history view Lenin?- Who’s history?
By what criteria should Lenin beAssessed?
1917February Petrograd StrikesMarch Tsar Abdicates
July Provisional GovernmentPM = Alex. Kerensky Conflict with Soviets
October Sovnarkom – Decrees (Laws!)Council of Peoples’ Commissars
November Cheka [KGB] & Red Terror
1918January Dissolution of Assembly
March Treaty Brest-Litovsk (26%)
July Execution of RomanovsBeginning – Civil War 1921
Timeline of Consolidation 1917-1918
Peace, Land & Bread March 8th Women’s March1918 Sovnarkom
Decrees (Laws!)Council of Peoples’ Commissars
Land Decree
Workers’ Control Decree
Rights of the People Decree
But also . . . Red TerrorCheka &Nullified elections Splits the Rev!
Vladimir Lenin(1870-1924)BolshevikArchitect of Russian Marxism
Leon Trotsky(1879-1940)Menshevik & Red ArmyDeported 1929; Executed
Josef Stalin(1878-1953)Secretary 1922 - 5 year Plans
Nikolai Bukharin(1888-1938)Editor of PravdaSupporter of NEPExecuted
People & the Army are One!
Impacts of Civil War 1918-1921
War Deaths - 300,000 KIA - 450,000 Disease
Executions - 250,000 (Cheka) - 100,000 (Ukranian Jews)
- by White ArmyDeportationsDecossackization - 300,000-500,000 Émigrés (White Russians) - 2 million
• Nationalization of manufacturing– Bolsheviks take over the factories
• Price controls – Prices set by Bolsheviks
• Bolsheviks control of grain (bread)– Food for most…
• Forced labor – Everybody works to win
WAR COMMUNISM
Conflicts of Ideology & Reality 1918 – 1921WW 1 Deaths &Loss of Territories
Civil War Deaths & Loss of educated elite
Industry Nonexistent incl. Agriculture
Peasants Not “ideologically” ready
War Communism Famine & resistance
Factions Provisional Govt?Breaks with SRs & other Revs. Red Terror Bolshevik Freedom – Polish Resistance 1921
Famine and Disease - 1921
3 million deaths typhus
7 million Homeless children
5 million deathsDrought & famineVolga-Urals
So what is Lenin’s reality?
Tues 9/24 HW # 9 – PRIMARY SOURCES & OPVL This is revised!o Review Lenin’s on War and Revolution from Mondayo Re-Read the “War Communism” section (in Box) from weekend
Handouto Add the Kronstadt declaration from class today OPVL all three sources / answer the following Qs. COLLECTED!
1. Compare and Contrast the evolution of the Bolshevik revolution in these 3 sources. What historical circumstances must be considered (This is your O and P).
2. Considering the origin and purpose of each –asses the value and limitation of these sources in understanding the issues surrounding and the legitimacy of the Bolshevik state.
