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12
The BureaucracyBureaucratic Politics
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Learning Objectives
Assess the nature, sources, and extent of bureaucratic power
Describe the types of agencies in the federal bureaucracy and the extent and purposes of the bureaucracy
12.1
12
12.2
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Learning Objectives
Trace changes over time in the size and composition of the bureaucracy and assess the repercussions for democracy
Explain how the bureaucracy is staffed, to whom it is accountable, and how accountability is affected by politics and bureaucratic culture.
12.3
12
12.4
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Learning Objectives
Outline the budgetary process and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the current system
Outline the growth of federal regulation
12.5
12
12.6
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Learning Objectives
Evaluate the cost of federal regulation
Summarize the constraints that Congress can place on the bureaucracy
12.7
12
12.8
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Bureaucratic Power The Nature of Bureaucracy
The Growth of Bureaucratic Power
Bureaucratic Power: Implementation
Bureaucratic Power: Regulation
Bureaucratic Power: Adjudication
Bureaucratic Power: Administrative Discretion
Bureaucratic Power and Budget Maximization
12.1
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Bureaucratic Power The Nature of Bureaucracy
The Growth of Bureaucratic Power
Bureaucratic Power: Implementation
Bureaucratic Power: Regulation
Bureaucratic Power: Adjudication
Bureaucratic Power: Administrative Discretion
Bureaucratic Power and Budget Maximization
12.1
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FIGURE 12.1: The Federal Bureaucracy 12.1
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Bureaucratic Power The Nature of Bureaucracy
The Growth of Bureaucratic Power
Bureaucratic Power: Implementation
Bureaucratic Power: Regulation
Bureaucratic Power: Adjudication
Bureaucratic Power: Administrative Discretion
Bureaucratic Power and Budget Maximization
12.1
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Bureaucratic Power The Nature of Bureaucracy
The Growth of Bureaucratic Power
Bureaucratic Power: Implementation
Bureaucratic Power: Regulation
Bureaucratic Power: Adjudication
Bureaucratic Power: Administrative Discretion
Bureaucratic Power and Budget Maximization
12.1
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12.1 Which of the following refers to the development of formal rules for implementing legislation ?
a. Budget maximization
b. Implementation
c. Adjudication
d. Regulation
12.1
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12.1 Which of the following refers to the development of formal rules for implementing legislation ?
a. Budget maximization
b. Implementation
c. Adjudication
d. Regulation
12.1
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The Federal Bureaucracy
Cabinet Departments
Cabinet Department Functions
Cabinet Appointments
Independent Regulatory Commissions
Independent Agencies
The “Fed”
Government Corporations
Contractors and Consultants
12.2
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FIGURE 12.2: The Capitol, White House, and Bureaucracy corridors of Power
12.2
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The Federal Bureaucracy
Cabinet Departments
Cabinet Department Functions
Cabinet Appointments
Independent Regulatory Commissions
Independent Agencies
The “Fed”
Government Corporations
Contractors and Consultants
12.2
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TABLE 12.1: Who Does What? Cabinet Departments and Functions
12.2
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The Federal Bureaucracy
Cabinet Departments
Cabinet Department Functions
Cabinet Appointments
Independent Regulatory Commissions
Independent Agencies
The “Fed”
Government Corporations
Contractors and Consultants
12.2
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The Federal Bureaucracy
Cabinet Departments
Cabinet Department Functions
Cabinet Appointments
Independent Regulatory Commissions
Independent Agencies
The “Fed”
Government Corporations
Contractors and Consultants
12.2
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TABLE 12.2: Who Does What? Major Regulatory Bureaucracies
12.2
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Coast Guard 12.2
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12.2 Which organization employs the most federal workers?
a. Government Corporations
b. Independent Regulatory Commissions
c. Independent Agencies
d. Cabinet Departments
12.2
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12.2 Which organization employs the most federal workers?
a. Government Corporations
b. Independent Regulatory Commissions
c. Independent Agencies
d. Cabinet Departments
12.2
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Bureaucracy and Democracy
The Spoils System
The Merit System
Political Involvement
The Problem of Responsiveness
The Problem of Productivity
Civil Service Reform
Bureaucracy and Representation
12.3
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Bureaucracy and Democracy
The Spoils System
The Merit System
Political Involvement
The Problem of Responsiveness
The Problem of Productivity
Civil Service Reform
Bureaucracy and Representation
12.3
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Spoiled Rotten 12.3
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Bureaucracy and Democracy
The Spoils System
The Merit System
Political Involvement
The Problem of Responsiveness
The Problem of Productivity
Civil Service Reform
Bureaucracy and Representation
12.3
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Bureaucracy and Democracy
The Spoils System
The Merit System
Political Involvement
The Problem of Responsiveness
The Problem of Productivity
Civil Service Reform
Bureaucracy and Representation
12.3
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TABLE 12.3: Firing a Bureaucrat: What Is Required to Dismiss a Federal Employee
12.3
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TABLE 12.4: Diversity in the Bureaucracy: Minorities in Federal Employment
12.3
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12.3 Which president is most associated with the “spoils system”?
a. John Adams
b. Andrew Jackson
c. Franklin Roosevelt
d. Lyndon Johnson
12.3
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12.3 Which president is most associated with the “spoils system”?
a. John Adams
b. Andrew Jackson
c. Franklin Roosevelt
d. Lyndon Johnson
12.3
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Bureaucratic Politics
Presidential “Plums”
Rooms at the Top
Whistle-Blowers
Agency Cultures
“Reinventing” Government
Outsourcing
Presidential Initiative
12.4
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Bureaucratic Politics
Presidential “Plums”
Rooms at the Top
Whistle-Blowers
Agency Cultures
“Reinventing” Government
Outsourcing
Presidential Initiative
12.4
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Bureaucratic Politics
Presidential “Plums”
Rooms at the Top
Whistle-Blowers
Agency Cultures
“Reinventing” Government
Outsourcing
Presidential Initiative
12.4
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Bureaucratic Politics
Presidential “Plums”
Rooms at the Top
Whistle-Blowers
Agency Cultures
“Reinventing” Government
Outsourcing
Presidential Initiative
12.4
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Bureaucratic Politics
Presidential “Plums”
Rooms at the Top
Whistle-Blowers
Agency Cultures
“Reinventing” Government
Outsourcing
Presidential Initiative
12.4
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12.4 Which of the following refers to contracting private companies for work formerly done by U.S. employees?
a. Lobbying
b. Budget maximization
c. Whistle-blowing
d. Outsourcing
12.4
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a. Lobbying
b. Budget maximization
c. Whistle-blowing
d. Outsourcing
12.412.4 Which of the following refers to contracting private companies for work formerly done by U.S. employees?
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The Budget Office of Management and Budget The President’s Budget House and Senate Budget Committees Congressional Appropriations
Committees Appropriations Acts Continuing Resolutions and “Shutdowns” The Politics of Budgeting Budgeting Is “Incremental” Budgeting Is Nonprogrammatic
12.5
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OMB 12.5
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The Budget Office of Management and Budget The President’s Budget House and Senate Budget Committees Congressional Appropriations
Committees Appropriations Acts Continuing Resolutions and “Shutdowns” The Politics of Budgeting Budgeting Is “Incremental” Budgeting Is Nonprogrammatic
12.5
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The Budget Office of Management and Budget The President’s Budget House and Senate Budget Committees Congressional Appropriations
Committees Appropriations Acts Continuing Resolutions and “Shutdowns” The Politics of Budgeting Budgeting Is “Incremental” Budgeting Is Nonprogrammatic
12.5
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FIGURE 12.3: How It Works: The Budget Process
12.5
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The Budget Office of Management and Budget The President’s Budget House and Senate Budget Committees Congressional Appropriations
Committees Appropriations Acts Continuing Resolutions and “Shutdowns” The Politics of Budgeting Budgeting Is “Incremental” Budgeting Is Nonprogrammatic
12.5
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The Budget Office of Management and Budget The President’s Budget House and Senate Budget Committees Congressional Appropriations
Committees Appropriations Acts Continuing Resolutions and “Shutdowns” The Politics of Budgeting Budgeting Is “Incremental” Budgeting Is Nonprogrammatic
12.5
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The Budget Office of Management and Budget The President’s Budget House and Senate Budget Committees Congressional Appropriations
Committees Appropriations Acts Continuing Resolutions and “Shutdowns” The Politics of Budgeting Budgeting Is “Incremental” Budgeting Is Nonprogrammatic
12.5
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12.5 Which of the following provides Congressional approval of each year’s spending?
a. The House and Senate Appropriations Committees
b. The House and Senate Budget Committees
c. The House Ways and Means Committee
d. The Congressional Budget Office
12.5
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12.5 Which of the following provides Congressional approval of each year’s spending?
a. The House and Senate Appropriations Committees
b. The House and Senate Budget Committees
c. The House Ways and Means Committee
d. The Congressional Budget Office
12.5
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Congressional Constraintson the Bureaucracy
Senate Confirmation of Appointments
Congressional Oversight
Congressional Appropriations
Congressional Investigation
Casework
12.6
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Congressional Constraintson the Bureaucracy
Senate Confirmation of Appointments
Congressional Oversight
Congressional Appropriations
Congressional Investigation
Casework
12.6
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FIGURE 12.4: How to use the Freedom of Information Act
12.6
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Congressional Constraintson the Bureaucracy
Senate Confirmation of Appointments
Congressional Oversight
Congressional Appropriations
Congressional Investigation
Casework
12.6
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TSA Screening 12.6
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12.6 What is Congress’s most potent weapon in controlling the bureaucracy?
a. Casework
b. Congressional Oversight
c. Congressional Appropriations
d. Congressional Investigation
12.6
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12.6 What is Congress’s most potent weapon in controlling the bureaucracy?
a. Casework
b. Congressional Oversight
c. Congressional Appropriations
d. Congressional Investigation
12.6
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Interest Groups and Bureaucratic Decision Making Interest groups monitor particular
departments and agencies
Lobby bureaucracies
12.7
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12.7 Which of the following was the product of environmental lobbying efforts?
a. National Weather Service
b. Department of Energy
c. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
d. Environmental Protection Agency
12.7
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12.7 Which of the following was the product of environmental lobbying efforts?
a. National Weather Service
b. Department of Energy
c. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
d. Environmental Protection Agency
12.7
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Judicial Constraints on theBureaucracy
Judicial Standards for Bureaucratic Behavior
Bureaucrats’ Success in Court
12.8
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12.8 Interest groups may not attempt to reverse actions of an agency because such attempts
a. are usually unsuccessful
b. are often too costly
c. take many years in the courts
d. all of the above
12.8
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12.8 Interest groups may not attempt to reverse actions of an agency because such attempts
a. are usually unsuccessful
b. are often too costly
c. take many years in the courts
d. all of the above
12.8
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Discussion Question
What is your perception of the role bureaucracy plays in our democracy? Does it have too much power? Who should control the bureaucracy?
12