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12

The BureaucracyBureaucratic Politics

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Learning Objectives

Assess the nature, sources, and extent of bureaucratic power

Describe the types of agencies in the federal bureaucracy and the extent and purposes of the bureaucracy

12.1

12

12.2

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Learning Objectives

Trace changes over time in the size and composition of the bureaucracy and assess the repercussions for democracy

Explain how the bureaucracy is staffed, to whom it is accountable, and how accountability is affected by politics and bureaucratic culture.

12.3

12

12.4

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Learning Objectives

Outline the budgetary process and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the current system

Outline the growth of federal regulation

12.5

12

12.6

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Learning Objectives

Evaluate the cost of federal regulation

Summarize the constraints that Congress can place on the bureaucracy

12.7

12

12.8

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Bureaucratic Power The Nature of Bureaucracy

The Growth of Bureaucratic Power

Bureaucratic Power: Implementation

Bureaucratic Power: Regulation

Bureaucratic Power: Adjudication

Bureaucratic Power: Administrative Discretion

Bureaucratic Power and Budget Maximization

12.1

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Bureaucratic Power The Nature of Bureaucracy

The Growth of Bureaucratic Power

Bureaucratic Power: Implementation

Bureaucratic Power: Regulation

Bureaucratic Power: Adjudication

Bureaucratic Power: Administrative Discretion

Bureaucratic Power and Budget Maximization

12.1

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FIGURE 12.1: The Federal Bureaucracy 12.1

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Bureaucratic Power The Nature of Bureaucracy

The Growth of Bureaucratic Power

Bureaucratic Power: Implementation

Bureaucratic Power: Regulation

Bureaucratic Power: Adjudication

Bureaucratic Power: Administrative Discretion

Bureaucratic Power and Budget Maximization

12.1

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Bureaucratic Power The Nature of Bureaucracy

The Growth of Bureaucratic Power

Bureaucratic Power: Implementation

Bureaucratic Power: Regulation

Bureaucratic Power: Adjudication

Bureaucratic Power: Administrative Discretion

Bureaucratic Power and Budget Maximization

12.1

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12.1 Which of the following refers to the development of formal rules for implementing legislation ?

a. Budget maximization

b. Implementation

c. Adjudication

d. Regulation

12.1

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12.1 Which of the following refers to the development of formal rules for implementing legislation ?

a. Budget maximization

b. Implementation

c. Adjudication

d. Regulation

12.1

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The Federal Bureaucracy

Cabinet Departments

Cabinet Department Functions

Cabinet Appointments

Independent Regulatory Commissions

Independent Agencies

The “Fed”

Government Corporations

Contractors and Consultants

12.2

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FIGURE 12.2: The Capitol, White House, and Bureaucracy corridors of Power

12.2

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The Federal Bureaucracy

Cabinet Departments

Cabinet Department Functions

Cabinet Appointments

Independent Regulatory Commissions

Independent Agencies

The “Fed”

Government Corporations

Contractors and Consultants

12.2

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TABLE 12.1: Who Does What? Cabinet Departments and Functions

12.2

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The Federal Bureaucracy

Cabinet Departments

Cabinet Department Functions

Cabinet Appointments

Independent Regulatory Commissions

Independent Agencies

The “Fed”

Government Corporations

Contractors and Consultants

12.2

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The Federal Bureaucracy

Cabinet Departments

Cabinet Department Functions

Cabinet Appointments

Independent Regulatory Commissions

Independent Agencies

The “Fed”

Government Corporations

Contractors and Consultants

12.2

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TABLE 12.2: Who Does What? Major Regulatory Bureaucracies

12.2

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Coast Guard 12.2

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12.2 Which organization employs the most federal workers?

a. Government Corporations

b. Independent Regulatory Commissions

c. Independent Agencies

d. Cabinet Departments

12.2

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12.2 Which organization employs the most federal workers?

a. Government Corporations

b. Independent Regulatory Commissions

c. Independent Agencies

d. Cabinet Departments

12.2

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Bureaucracy and Democracy

The Spoils System

The Merit System

Political Involvement

The Problem of Responsiveness

The Problem of Productivity

Civil Service Reform

Bureaucracy and Representation

12.3

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Bureaucracy and Democracy

The Spoils System

The Merit System

Political Involvement

The Problem of Responsiveness

The Problem of Productivity

Civil Service Reform

Bureaucracy and Representation

12.3

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Spoiled Rotten 12.3

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Bureaucracy and Democracy

The Spoils System

The Merit System

Political Involvement

The Problem of Responsiveness

The Problem of Productivity

Civil Service Reform

Bureaucracy and Representation

12.3

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Bureaucracy and Democracy

The Spoils System

The Merit System

Political Involvement

The Problem of Responsiveness

The Problem of Productivity

Civil Service Reform

Bureaucracy and Representation

12.3

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TABLE 12.3: Firing a Bureaucrat: What Is Required to Dismiss a Federal Employee

12.3

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TABLE 12.4: Diversity in the Bureaucracy: Minorities in Federal Employment

12.3

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12.3 Which president is most associated with the “spoils system”?

a. John Adams

b. Andrew Jackson

c. Franklin Roosevelt

d. Lyndon Johnson

12.3

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12.3 Which president is most associated with the “spoils system”?

a. John Adams

b. Andrew Jackson

c. Franklin Roosevelt

d. Lyndon Johnson

12.3

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Bureaucratic Politics

Presidential “Plums”

Rooms at the Top

Whistle-Blowers

Agency Cultures

“Reinventing” Government

Outsourcing

Presidential Initiative

12.4

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Bureaucratic Politics

Presidential “Plums”

Rooms at the Top

Whistle-Blowers

Agency Cultures

“Reinventing” Government

Outsourcing

Presidential Initiative

12.4

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Bureaucratic Politics

Presidential “Plums”

Rooms at the Top

Whistle-Blowers

Agency Cultures

“Reinventing” Government

Outsourcing

Presidential Initiative

12.4

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Bureaucratic Politics

Presidential “Plums”

Rooms at the Top

Whistle-Blowers

Agency Cultures

“Reinventing” Government

Outsourcing

Presidential Initiative

12.4

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Bureaucratic Politics

Presidential “Plums”

Rooms at the Top

Whistle-Blowers

Agency Cultures

“Reinventing” Government

Outsourcing

Presidential Initiative

12.4

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12.4 Which of the following refers to contracting private companies for work formerly done by U.S. employees?

a. Lobbying

b. Budget maximization

c. Whistle-blowing

d. Outsourcing

12.4

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a. Lobbying

b. Budget maximization

c. Whistle-blowing

d. Outsourcing

12.412.4 Which of the following refers to contracting private companies for work formerly done by U.S. employees?

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The Budget Office of Management and Budget The President’s Budget House and Senate Budget Committees Congressional Appropriations

Committees Appropriations Acts Continuing Resolutions and “Shutdowns” The Politics of Budgeting Budgeting Is “Incremental” Budgeting Is Nonprogrammatic

12.5

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OMB 12.5

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The Budget Office of Management and Budget The President’s Budget House and Senate Budget Committees Congressional Appropriations

Committees Appropriations Acts Continuing Resolutions and “Shutdowns” The Politics of Budgeting Budgeting Is “Incremental” Budgeting Is Nonprogrammatic

12.5

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The Budget Office of Management and Budget The President’s Budget House and Senate Budget Committees Congressional Appropriations

Committees Appropriations Acts Continuing Resolutions and “Shutdowns” The Politics of Budgeting Budgeting Is “Incremental” Budgeting Is Nonprogrammatic

12.5

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FIGURE 12.3: How It Works: The Budget Process

12.5

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The Budget Office of Management and Budget The President’s Budget House and Senate Budget Committees Congressional Appropriations

Committees Appropriations Acts Continuing Resolutions and “Shutdowns” The Politics of Budgeting Budgeting Is “Incremental” Budgeting Is Nonprogrammatic

12.5

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The Budget Office of Management and Budget The President’s Budget House and Senate Budget Committees Congressional Appropriations

Committees Appropriations Acts Continuing Resolutions and “Shutdowns” The Politics of Budgeting Budgeting Is “Incremental” Budgeting Is Nonprogrammatic

12.5

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The Budget Office of Management and Budget The President’s Budget House and Senate Budget Committees Congressional Appropriations

Committees Appropriations Acts Continuing Resolutions and “Shutdowns” The Politics of Budgeting Budgeting Is “Incremental” Budgeting Is Nonprogrammatic

12.5

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12.5 Which of the following provides Congressional approval of each year’s spending?

a. The House and Senate Appropriations Committees

b. The House and Senate Budget Committees

c. The House Ways and Means Committee

d. The Congressional Budget Office

12.5

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12.5 Which of the following provides Congressional approval of each year’s spending?

a. The House and Senate Appropriations Committees

b. The House and Senate Budget Committees

c. The House Ways and Means Committee

d. The Congressional Budget Office

12.5

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Congressional Constraintson the Bureaucracy

Senate Confirmation of Appointments

Congressional Oversight

Congressional Appropriations

Congressional Investigation

Casework

12.6

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Congressional Constraintson the Bureaucracy

Senate Confirmation of Appointments

Congressional Oversight

Congressional Appropriations

Congressional Investigation

Casework

12.6

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FIGURE 12.4: How to use the Freedom of Information Act

12.6

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Congressional Constraintson the Bureaucracy

Senate Confirmation of Appointments

Congressional Oversight

Congressional Appropriations

Congressional Investigation

Casework

12.6

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TSA Screening 12.6

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12.6 What is Congress’s most potent weapon in controlling the bureaucracy?

a. Casework

b. Congressional Oversight

c. Congressional Appropriations

d. Congressional Investigation

12.6

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12.6 What is Congress’s most potent weapon in controlling the bureaucracy?

a. Casework

b. Congressional Oversight

c. Congressional Appropriations

d. Congressional Investigation

12.6

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Interest Groups and Bureaucratic Decision Making Interest groups monitor particular

departments and agencies

Lobby bureaucracies

12.7

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12.7 Which of the following was the product of environmental lobbying efforts?

a. National Weather Service

b. Department of Energy

c. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

d. Environmental Protection Agency

12.7

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12.7 Which of the following was the product of environmental lobbying efforts?

a. National Weather Service

b. Department of Energy

c. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

d. Environmental Protection Agency

12.7

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Judicial Constraints on theBureaucracy

Judicial Standards for Bureaucratic Behavior

Bureaucrats’ Success in Court

12.8

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12.8 Interest groups may not attempt to reverse actions of an agency because such attempts

a. are usually unsuccessful

b. are often too costly

c. take many years in the courts

d. all of the above

12.8

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12.8 Interest groups may not attempt to reverse actions of an agency because such attempts

a. are usually unsuccessful

b. are often too costly

c. take many years in the courts

d. all of the above

12.8

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Discussion Question

What is your perception of the role bureaucracy plays in our democracy? Does it have too much power? Who should control the bureaucracy?

12