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Table S1 The modified Mediterranean diet score questionnaire
Question Goal
1. Do you use olive oil, sesame oil, or perilla oil as the principal source of fat for cooking? Yes
2. How much olive oil, sesame oil, or perilla oil do you consume per day? ≥4 tablespoons
3. How many servings of vegetables do you consume per day? (1 serving = 200 g) ≥2 servings
4. How many servings of fresh fruits do you consume per day? (1 serving = 80 g) ≥3 servings
5. How many servings of red meat, hamburger, or meat products (ham, sausage, etc.) do you consume per day? (1 serving = 100–150 g)
<1 serving
6. How many servings of butter, margarine, or cream do you consume per day? (1 serving = 12 g) <1 serving
7. How many sugar-sweetened beverages do you drink per day? (1 cup = 100 mL) <1 drink
8. How many servings of legumes do you consume per week? (1 serving = 150 g) ≥3 servings
9. How many servings of fish or shellfish do you consume per week? (1 serving = 100–150 g) ≥3 servings
10. How many times per week do you consume commercial sweets or pastries (cake, cookies)? <3 times
11. How many servings of nuts do you consume per week? (1 serving = 30 g) ≥3 servings
12. Do you prefer to eat white meat (chicken, turkey, etc.) instead of red meat? Yes
13. How many times per week do you consume sauce made with tomato, onion, garlic, or olive oil for cooking?
≥2 times
Table S2 Comparison of changes in nutrient intake and physical activity among study groups
Breast cancer survivors Non-cancer patients
P
valuea
P
valuebMeDiet+NB MeDiet only MeDiet+NB
(n = 14) (n = 20) (n = 22)
Total Calorie (kcal) -313.3 (-623.8, 33.8)* -298.6 (-553.7, 246.0) -216.2 (-913.3, 120.0)* 0.747 0.948
Carbohydrate (%) -2.0 (-17.3, 14.6) -4.0 (-11.0, 19.0) 3.9 (-10.1, 16.4) 0.786 0.744
Protein (%) 2.4 (-4.8, 6.4) -0.1 (-2.8, 3.2) 0.4 (-3.0, 4.5) 0.734 0.889
Total fat (%) 1.2 (-7.8, 12.7) 5.1 (-10.3, 10.0) -2.4 (-10.0, 7.8) 0.827 0.745
SFA (%) -1.0 (-3.5, 4.2) 1.4 (-2.6, 4.6) -0.4 (-3.1, 2.6) 0.759 0.765
MUFA (%) 1.4 (-3.2, 4.1) 1.7 (-3.5, 6.3) 1.8 (-4.0, 3.9) 0.927 0.854
PUFA (%) 3.6 (-3.6, 10.1) -2.1 (-6.2, 4.0) 0.1 (-1.8, 8.6) 0.172 0.060
n-3 PUFA (%) 0.21 (-0.27, 1.77) -0.08 (-0.78, 0.40) 0.31 (-0.06, 0.95) 0.243 0.091
n-6 PUFA (%) 2.80 (-1.12, 4.78) -0.67 (-3.02, 2.22) 0.92 (-0.96, 3.83) 0.106 0.044
MUFA/SFA ratio 0.19 (-0.28, 0.71) 0.00 (-0.25, 0.28) 0.22 (-0.08, 0.64) 0.507 0.277
PUFA/SFA ratio 0.43 (-1.04, 1.30) -0.42 (-1.28, 0.36) 0.19 (-0.62, 1.35) 0.300 0.140
Dietary fiber
(g/1,000 kcal)5.7 (-1.2, 13.1)* 0.6 (-2.9, 6.6) 5.3 (1.5, 11.7)* 0.248 0.096
Mediterranean diet
score2.0 (1.0, 4.0)* 3.0 (2.0, 4.0)* 3.0 (1.0, 4.3)* 0.514 0.808
GLTEQ score 4.1 (-0.4, 31.3)* 8.3 (3.3, 20.8)* 1.8 (-1.3, 4.9) 0.071 0.133
Data are expressed as medians (interquartile ranges). aDifferences among groups were calculated by Quade's rank
analysis of covariates, adjusted for age and initial BMI. bDifferences among MeDiet+NB and MeDiet-only groups
were calculated by Quade's rank analysis of covariates, adjusted for age and initial BMI. *P value <0.05 vs. baseline
values by Wilcoxon's signed-rank test. Abbreviations: MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated
fatty acid; SFA, saturated fatty acid; GLTEQ, Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire.
Table S3 Comparison of changes in quality of life assessed by self-reported questionnaires
among study groups
Breast cancer survivors Non-cancer patients
P
valuea
P
valuebMeDiet+NB MeDiet only MeDiet+NB
(n = 14) (n = 20) (n = 22)
EORTC QLQ-C30
QL 16.7 (0.0, 33.3)* 16.7 (0.0, 33.3)* 8.3 (-2.1, 27.1)* 0.588 0.638
PF 10.0 (0.0, 15.0)* 0.0 (0.0, 6.7)* 6.7 (0.0, 13.3)* 0.337 0.306
RF 0.0 (0.0, 16.7) 0.0 (0.0, 16.7) 0.0 (0.0, 4.2) 0.749 0.446
EF 8.3 (-8.3, 25.0) 8.3 (0.0, 16.7) 4.2 (0.0, 20.8)* 0.826 0.596
CF 0.0 (0.0, 16.7) 0.0 (0.0, 16.7)* 16.7 (0.0, 16.7)* 0.673 0.688
SF 0.0 (0.0, 4.2) 0.0 (0.0, 16.7)* 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) 0.139 0.093
OP scale -4.2 (-17.7, 0.0) 0.0 (-20.8, 20.8) -12.5 (-35.4, 2.1)* 0.154 0.072
FACIT-F 2.0 (0.8, 5.7)* 1.5 (-2.8, 3.8) 2.0 (-0.3, 12.3)* 0.432 0.193
Data are expressed as medians (interquartile ranges). aDifferences among three groups were calculated by Quade's
rank analysis of covariates, adjusted for age and initial BMI. bDifferences among MeDiet+NB and MeDiet-only
groups were calculated by Quade's rank analysis of covariates, adjusted for age and initial BMI. *P value <0.05 vs.
baseline values by Wilcoxon's signed-rank test. Abbreviations: GLTEQ, Godin Leisure-Time Exercise
Questionnaire; EORTC QLQ-C30, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life
questionnaire; QL, global health status; PF, physical functioning; RF, role functioning; EF, emotional functioning;
CF, cognitive functioning; SF, social functioning; OP, obesity-related problems; FACIT-F, Functional Assessment of
Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue.
Figure S1 Screenshots of the mobile messenger used to communicate with participants during the study.
Notes: A: This is my dinner menu. Half a bowl of multigrain rice, grilled mackerel, cucumbers, and sweet
potato stalks. My Mediterranean diet score was 7! (Photo)B: This was my yesterday dinner menu. My
Mediterranean diet score was 7. (Photo)C: I upload my dinner photos and scores the next day. For
yesterday dinner, I ate a banana and a 5cm square piece of rice cake. My score was 10! The photos are
breakfast and lunch today.D: (Photo) I ate half a piece of grilled fish and steamed egg! My Mediterranean
diet score was 6.E: (Photo) My Mediterranean diet score is 7.