Conus oahuensis Tucker, Tenorio, Chaney, 2011

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in SBMNH Manuel TenorioPicture Link: Paratype 7 Manuel Tenorio Published in: Hawaii The Sea Shells Addendum Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Oahu, HawaiiType Data: Holotype in SBMNH deposited and catalogued Type Size: 106.8 x 50.9 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: Subspecies of Conus striatus Linnaeus, 1758Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Pionoconus Species:-striatus oahuensis subsp.Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-HawaiiHabitat:-No DataDescription:-Source Original descriptionMorphometric pararneters: L = 55 to 129 mm (mean 98 mm); RD = 0.44 to 0.54 (mean 0.48); RSH = 0.00 to 0.12 (mean 0.04); PMD = 0.76 to 0.82 (mean 0.76). Shell large to very large. The last whorl is narrowly conoid-cylindrical, with an almost straight outline, very often with nearly parallel sides specially in larger specimens. The general appearance is more elongated than the nominate subspecies. The shoulder is smooth and sharply carinate. The spire is low or very low, with a spire outline concave to extremely concave. The spire is very often depressed below the shoulder. This is a feature characteristic of this subspecies. The early teleoconch sutural rarnps are flat, concave in latest whorls. The spire whorls have cords becoming obsolete in latest rarnps. The siphonal fasciole bears distinct spiral ribs. The protoconch is pale pink. The ground color of the shell is pinkish white. The spire is patterned with brown and white blotches. The color pattem ofthe last whorl is very much like in the nominate subspecies, consisting of brown or purplish brown blotches composed of closely spaced transverse lines. The aperture is white. The periostracum is thin, yellow, smooth and translucent.Discussion:-The shell is narrower and more elongate than nominal subspecies.

----------

Conus obscurus Sowerby ii, 1833

Pictures:Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Conch Ill. (1833, Pt. 29, fig. 26) Picture Link: Paul KerstenRadula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

Published in: Conch. Illus. pt. 29, f. 26Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific

Type Locality: ArabiaType Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Conch. Ill (1833, Pt. 29, fig. 26)Nomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Protostrioconus Species:-obscurus Synonyms:- halitropus Bartsch & Rehder, 1943 Geographic Range:-S. and E. Africa to Hawaii and French Polynesia; absent from the Red Sea.Habitat:-Intertidal to more than 40 m, more common subtidally; usually reported from coral reefs.Description:-Source Living ConidaeModerately small to medium-sized, light to moderately light. Last whorl cylindrical to narrowly cylindrical; outline almost straight; left side slightly concave at basal fourth to third. Aperture wider at base than near shoulder. Shoulder angulate. Spire usually of moderate height, outline straight or slightly concave. Larval shell of 3.75-4.0 whorls, maximum diameter about 1 mm. First 2-4 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 1 increasing to 4-6 major spiral grooves, sometimes to 8 finer grooves; sculpture usually weak on late ramps. Last whorl with a few weak spiral ribs at base.Last whorl greyish blue to violet. Variably prominent spiral rows of alternating brown and grey dots and dashes from base to shoulder. Brown flames, clouds and blotches usually concentrated in spiral bands below shoulder, just above centre and within basal third. Larval whorls red to orange. Early postnuclear sutural ramps grey, often dotted with dark brown at both margins in first whorl and with brown radial lines and streaks in following whorls. Later sutural ramps bluish grey with confluent brown radial blotches, often completely overlaid with brown. Aperture translucent or with thin white enamel.Shell Morphometry L 25-44 mm RW 0.02-0.06 g/mm RD 0.46-0.52 PMD 0.58-0.74 RSH 0.11-0.16Discussion:-C. tulipa is similar in pattern and also lacks shoulder tubercles in the late postnuclear whorls. However, it attains larger size (to 95 mm), has a generally broader and often ovate last whorl (RD 0.50-0.57), a subangulate shoulder, and more tuberculate early postnuclear whorls (4-7). C. obscurus lacks a brown sutural line on the larval shell and prominent marginal dots on the early postnuclear sutural ramps (except first whorl), while C. tulipa does not have the late sutural ramps overlaid with brown. C. geographus, C. eldredi and C. fragilissimus can be distinguished from C. obscurus by their white ground colour and tuberculate later postnuclear whorls.

----------

Conus ochraceus Lamarck, 1810

Pictures:Picture Link: Lectotype in MNHN Mike Filmer

Published in: Ann. du Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) xv, p. 275 Ocean geography: West Atlantic and CaribbeanType Locality: NoneType Data: Lectotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued Type Size: 42 x 25 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus spurius Gmelin, 1791Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Lindaconus Species:-spurius ochraceus formaSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-JamaicaHabitat:-Not known.Description:-Source VinkA heavy shell, 40 to 80 mm, with low to moderate strongly concave sided spire. Body whorl straight to slightly convex, and smooth. In some populations distinct spiral ridges near the base which may cover nearly the whole body whorl.Shoulder roundly angulate, spire whorls smooth with rounded margins, slightly stepped and concave above. Nucleus: 1.5 whorls; first 2 to 4 postnuclear whorls coronated, coronation gradually diminishing in subsequent whorls and often not apparent because of erosion. Animal cream-coloured, operculum ungulate and large, often longer than 1/3 of aperture height. Radula tooth with serration over 1/2 length of tooth and very short blade (Warmke, 1960). Periostracum light brown to red brown, mostly transparent but also thick and obscuring the contrasting colour pattern underneath. C. ochraceus is a form of C. spurius with large yellowish maculations as found for instance in Jamaica.Discussion:-No Data

Conus ochroleucus Gmelin, 1791

Pictures:Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Martini (1773, pl. 52, fig. 573) Picture Link: Paul KerstenPicture Link: Paul Kersten Specimen with pattern

Published in: Syst. Nat. 13th ed. Vol. 1, pt, p. 3391 Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: NoneType Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Martini (1773, pl. 52, fig. 573)Nomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE

Genus:-Asprella Species:-ochroleucus Synonyms:- praefectus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; eburneus Röding, 1798; fasciatus Sowerby ii, 1857; tmetus Tomlin, 1937; pilkeyi Petuch, 1974Geographic Range:-Taiwan and PhilippinesHabitat:-In 6-60 m; on muddy bottom and on rocky substrate with patches of rubble and coarse sand.Description:-Source Living Conidae.C. o. ochroleucus moderately large to large, C. o. tmetus medium sized to moderately large; moderately solid to solid. Last whorl narrowly conoid-cylindrical to ventricosely conical; outline convex near shoulder, almost straight below. Aperture somewhat wider at base than near shoulder; siphonal fasciole usually prominent and siphonal notch curved to dorsal side in larger specimens. Shoulder angulate (C. o. ochroleucus) or subangulate (C. o. tmetus). Spire of moderate height, outline concave. Larval shell of about 3-3.5 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.8-0.9 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps variably concave, with 1-2 increasing to 4-7 spiral grooves; additional spiral striae on last 2 ramps. Abapical half of last whorl with pronounced narrow to wide spiral grooves, either separating regularly spaced ribbons or ribbons and ribs in varying sequence.Ground colour cream in C. o. ochroleucus. Last whorl with spiral bands and axial streaks of yellowish brown to brown often leaving only a narrow ground-colour band of varying prominence near centre. Larval whorls light brown, adjacent 3-4 sutural ramps solid brown. Later sutural ramps with tan axial markings often producing regularly alternating dark and light spots at outer margins of middle ramps. Aperture yellowish tan to light orange. In C. o. tmetus, last whorl light to dark brown except for yellowish to orangish brown basally; a pale central or subcentral spiral band sometimes present. Larval whorls and a few adjacent sutural ramps brown. Later sutural ramps pale grey or cream, with dark brown curved streaks and marginal spots; dark markings more numerous, larger and confluent on last 2 ramps. Aperture dark orange or yellow.Shell Morphometry L 55-88 mm (C. o. ochroleucus; 45-74 mm C. o. tmetus) RW 0.15-0.40 g/mm (C. o. ochroleucus: L 55-83 mm; 45-74 mm C. o. tmetus: L 55-68 mm) RD 0.47-0.54 PMD 0.78-0.85 RSH 0.12-0.19Discussion:-C. ochroleucus is very similar to the sympatric C. flavus; C. ochroleucus lacks ( most often) dark brown axial markings on the last whorl of adult specimens, while C. flavus lacks marginal spots on the middle sutural ramps. C. o. ochroleucus can also be distinguished by its angulate shoulder, and by shape and armature of its radular teeth. C. o. tmetus differs additionally in its mostly dark last whorl with a contrasting light base. In spite of a narrower last whorl, somewhat lighter weight, weaker sculpture on the last whorl and a pronounced axially lineate patternC. radiatus has a low spire (RSH 0.05-0.12) with prominent substural ridges, its aperture lacks yellow or orange shades, and its last whorl is more cylindrical and less conical (PMD 0.74-0.82) and has a light spiral band at shoulder rather that near center. C. pilkeyi as represented by the holotype from the Solomon Is. has only minor differences from C. ochroleucus from Philippines but agrees with the latter in important conchological characters Because of the striking similarity of specimens from Fiji, Vanuatu and Papua New Guinea that agree with the description of C. pilkeyi RKK consider the allopatric populations they represent a

subspecies of C. ochroleucus. C. tmetus refers to a juvenile specimen of C. pilkeyi. As C. tmetus has priority over C. pilkeyi, the correct name for the eastern subspecies is C. o. tmetus. C. praefectus, C. fasciatus and C. eburneus (Röding) are synonyms of C. o. ochroleucus.

Conus ochroleucus tmetus Tomlin, 1937

Pictures: Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Proc. Mal. Soc. Lond. xxii, part 4, p. 206 Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: New Ireland. (C. sulciferus Adams, 1854)Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued (C. sulciferus) Type Size: 23 x 10 mm a juvenileNomenclature: An available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum) for C. sulciferus A. Adams, 1854.Taxonomy: Subspecies of Conus ochroleucus Gmelin, 1791Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Asprella Species:-ochroleucus tmetus subsp.Synonyms:- sulciferus A. Adams, 1854Geographic Range:-Papua New Guniea - Fiji; Indonesia; IndiaHabitat:-In 6-60 m; on muddy bottom and on rocky substrate with patches of rubble and coarse sand.Description:-Source Living Conidae C. ochroleucus.C. o. ochroleucus moderately large to large, C. o. tmetus medium sized to moderately large; moderately solid to solid. Last whorl narrowly conoid-cylindrical to ventricosely conical; outline convex near shoulder, almost straight below. Aperture somewhat wider at base than near shoulder; siphonal fasciole usually prominent and siphonal notch curved to dorsal side in larger specimens. Shoulder angulate (C. o. ochroleucus) or subangulate (C. o. tmetus). Spire of moderate height, outline concave. Larval shell of about 3-3.5 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.8-0.9 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps variably concave, with 1-2 increasing to 4-7 spiral grooves; additional spiral striae on last 2 ramps. Abapical half of last whorl with pronounced narrow to wide spiral grooves, either separating regularly spaced ribbons or ribbons and ribs in varying sequence. In C. o. tmetus, last whorl light to dark brown except for yellowish to orangish brown basally; a pale central or subcentral spiral band sometimes present. Larval whorls and a few adjacent sutural ramps brown. Later sutural ramps pale grey or cream, with dark brown curved streaks and marginal spots; dark markings more numerous, larger and confluent on last 2 ramps. Aperture dark orange or yellow.Shell Morphometry L 45-74 mm C. o. tmetusRW 0.15-0.40 g/mm (C. o. tmetus: L 55-68 mm)

RSH 0.12-0.19The type of C. tmetus is a dark brown variety considered a subspecies.Discussion:-No Data

----------

Conus ogum Petuch & Myers , 2014

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MZSP Petuch & MyersPicture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 3, 34 & 35 with pic., pl. 3 H & IOcean geography: Western Atlantic Type Locality: off Aratuba, Itaparica Island, Bahia State, BrazilType Data: Holotype in MZSP deposited and catalogued Type Size: 17 x 8.5 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily: -CONILITHINAEGenus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-ogum Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:- At present, known only from the southern end of Itaparica Island at the mouth of Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia State, Brazil. The new species may also be present on other nearby islands in Todos os Santos Bay and the adjacent coastline south to Guaibim and Ribeira, in shallow areas with clean carbonate sand near living corals and beds of sargassum weedHabitat:- On carbonate sand, 2 m depthDescription:-Source Original descriptionShell of average size for genus, inflated and fusiform, with slightly convex sides; shoulder sharply-angled, bordered by thin, undulating carina; spire elevated, broadly pyramidal, with slightly stepped whorls; body whorl heavily sculptured with 16 large, prominent, evenly-spaced beaded spiral cords, which are equally developed over entire body whorl; spire whorls smooth; body whorl color bright red-orange, overlaid with large amorphous patches of darker red-orange and pinkish-orange; shoulder carina pinkish-white, marked with 12-14 large, evenly-spaced dark red-orange spots; occasional rare specimens may also be dark purple brown in color (Coltro, 2011:49); spire whorls pinkish-white, with large, widely-spaced dark red-orange flammules, some of which connect to red-orange spots on shoulder carina; early whorls orange in color; aperture proportionally wide, becoming wider toward anterior end; interior of aperture dark orange; protoconch proportionally large, rounded, mamillate, composed of 2 whorls, orange in color; periostracum thin, smooth, and transparent.Discussion:-

----------

Conus oishii Shikama, 1977

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in KPMY Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Sci. Rep. Yokohama Nat'l. Univ. sect. II, 24, p. 22, pl. 4, f. 6 a & b, pl. 5, f. 4Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: East China SeaType Data: Holotype in KPMY deposited and catalogued Type Size: 31.6 x 13.1 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Asprella Species:-oishii Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Taiwan; IndonesiaHabitat:-Subtidal; reported from muddy sand bottomsDescription:-Source Living ConidaeModerately small to medium-sized, usually moderately light. Last whorl ventricosely conical; outline convex, less so basally. Aperture wider basally than near shoulder. Shoulder subangulate. Spire of moderate height, outline slightly concave to slightly sigmoid. Larval shell of about 2.25 whorls, maximum diameter about 1.1 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps almost flat, with 1-2 increasing to 3-4 spiral grooves; additional spiral striae on last 2 ramps. Last whorl with regularly or irregularly spaced punctate spiral grooves from base to shoulder.Ground colour white to greyish white. Last whorl with interlaced orange, red or brown axial flames and blotches, sometimes forming a coarse meshwork or replaced by pale spiral bands on each side of centre. Base often violet or orange. Larval whorls white. Later sutural ramps with confluent radial markings matching pattern of last whorl in colour and intensity. Aperture white or light violet deep within.Shell Morphometry L 30-44 mm RW 0.06-0.12 g/mm (L 29-40 mm) RD 0.52-0.67 PMD 0.78-0.82 RSH 0.15-0.18Discussion:-C. oishii is similar to C. cinereus in size and shape. The latter species differs in its colour pattern, which lacks white ground colour and reticulate pattern but has spiral rows of dark and light markings on the last whorl. C. cinereus has a brown apex, a narrower larval shell (0.8 vs. 1.1 mm) and weaker spiral sculpture on its later sutural ramps; its early postnuclear sutural ramps bear a pronounced subsutural groove while those of C. oishii are more evenly sculptured.C. lienardi resembles C. oishii in size and pattern. It can be distinguished by its finer pattern,

narrower last whorl, angulate shoulder, tuberculate early postnuclear whorls, and brown apex. Shells of C. oishii from Indonesia differ from those from Taiwan in their broader last whorl.--

----------

Conus olangoensis Poppe & Tagaro, 2017

Pictures:Picture link: Holotype in Conchology, Inc. and will be given to a Philippine institution in due time: Guido Poppe

Published in: Visaya Vol. 4, No. 6, 2017; p. 6 - 7, Pl. 1Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Philippines, Olango Island near Pangan-an; 400 m deep, 400 mType Data: Holotype in Conchology Inc. Type Size: 23.9 x 12.7 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAEGenus:-Conasprella Species:-olangoensisSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Philippines Habitat:-Shells were fished on a gravel bottomDescription: Shell small to moderately small. Average almost 25 mm in length. The shell is conical in shape. The outline of the last whorl is slightly sigmoid. The shape of the aperture is wide, slightly broader below the center of the body whorl. The shoulder is sharply angulated, with a concave spire that has a concave sutural ramp. The outline of the spire is slightly concave. The protoconches are all eroded but paratype 4 has remains of a very glossy protoconch. The spire concists of about 10 whorls slightly elevated and covered by multiple slightly raised axial lines. The 4 to 5 first whorls have slightly raised knobs. The body whorl is fairly smooth, but covered by a large number of incised spiral grooves. The overall base coloration is pure white, covered by a pattern of chocolate brown, dark flecks. These flecks are set in 3 broad spiral bands, separated by lighter color bands. Within the lighter color bands, the chocolate pattern changes into spaced dots. The spire is covered by radiating brown flecks. The inside of the aperture is white, translucent towards the periphery.Discussion:-

----------

Conus oleiniki Petuch, 2013

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in FMNH D. Sargent Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Biogeography and Biodiversity of Western Atlantic Mollusks; p. 223-224; p. 85, fig. 6.8, E & FOcean geography: Western AtlanticType Locality: Nixon’s Harbour, South Bimini Island, Bimini Chain, Great Bahama Bank, BahamasType Data: Holotype in FMNH deposited and catalogued Type Size: 15 x 8.5 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily: -CONILITHINAEGenus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-oleinikiSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-BahamasHabitat:-In clean oölitic sand, 1 m depthDescription:-Original DescriptionBroad across the shoulder; sides straight, tapering to anterior end; shoulder sharply angled, bordered by low rounded carina; spire whorls elevated, slightly concave and canaliculated, wide and distinctly pyramidal; body whorl smooth and shiny, ornamented with 10-12 deeply incised spiral grooves around anterior one third of shell; shell color variable, ranging from pure white (like paratype) to pale cream-white, overlaid with large amorphous pale orange flammules (like holotype); edge of shoulder carina marked with large, widely spaced orange dots; spire whorls with small amorphous pale orange flammules; aperture straight, narrow, white or pale orange on interior; protoconch proportionally large, rounded, bulbous, composed of 2 whorls.Discussion:-

----------

Conus olgae Bacallado, Espinosa & Ortea, 2007

Pictures:Picture Link: HolotypePicture Link: ParatypePicture Link: Paratype

Published in: Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencas 18 (3-4), 117-123 Ocean geography: West Atlantic and CaribbeanType Locality: Pinar del Rio, CubaType Data: Holotype in IESH deposited and catalogued Type Size: 14.9 x 9.4 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Pupuriconus Species:-olgae

Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-CubaHabitat:-Found at depths from 10 -20 mDescription:-Original Description Approximate translationSeashell of small size compared with other Caribbean species of the kind, of biconic form, spire sides slightly convex , obtuse and low. Protoconch a relatively small and mamillate. Teleoconch with six whorls, the last whorl with the maximum width toward the shoulder, of slightly round form to almost straight, being constrained gently toward the base. The surface is adorned by fine quite pronounced, spiral lines toward the base of the seashell, on which tiny very low nodules are formed. The spire presents has an undulating surface, with nodules on the edge of the whorls, 14 in the last one, and numerous and narrow axial lines of growth. The oblique aperture is slightly more wide posteriorly. The base color is orange brown, with three spiral bands of irregular, large white spots : one underneath of the shoulder, another underneath the midbody and the last one toward the base of which the central band is the most obvious .On the spire there are white marks, corresponding with the nodules, alternating with the base color of fund, forming the distinctive colour pattern of this species.Discussion:-Of the species of the complex 'cardinalis' indicated for Cuba, Conus olgae, new species, has a close relationship with Conus havanensis, with which it has remained confused and mixed in our collections. Both species possess sizes and general form somewhat similar, but they differ markedly in the protoconch, more grooves in C. havanensis, whose base color of the spire and of the shoulder is also different, and is characterized by dark brown axial marks on the spiral bands of white spots. Conus arangoi is of greater size, with the protoconch formed by two whorls and also has a different base color, without notable white spots on the spire and the last whorl. Conus kulkulcan is of greater size and possesses a seashell of form and pattern of very different colorBy the confusion in the literature on Conus cardinalis, only the brief information contributed by VINK on the holotype of this species can be utilized in this comparison. Its size (27 x 16 mm) is greater and, although shares with Conus olgae, new species, the presence of spiral bands of white spots, its base color is red salmon and possesses small red spots on some of the spiral lines of the surface of the seashell, absent in all our specimens of C. olgae. In addition, the form of the seashell, and above all, of the spire, is different. Conus jacarusi Petuch, 1998, Conus ortneri Petuch, 1998, both of the Bahamas, and Conus rosalindensis Petuch, 1998, of the bank Rosalinda, Honduras, were considered possible synonyms of C. cardinalis by FILMER [8], they have the seashell with the spire and the straightest sides and apparently they possess a different protoconch, just as happens with Conus caysalensis Raybaudi & Prati 1994, of the Salt Key bank, situated to the southwest of the Bahamas. John Tucker suggest a grouping with C. havanensis in Purpuriconus.

----------

Conus olgiatii Bozzetti, 2007

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN L. Bozzetti

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Malacologia Mostra Mondiale 55, 16 Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Tulear, SW MadagascarType Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued Type Size: 31 x 19.5 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus balteatus Sowerby ii, 1833Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Rolaniconus Species:-balteatus olgiatii formaSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-SW MadagascarHabitat:-No DataDescription:-Source original description translatedSpecies from the shell moderately small dimensions for the genus, the maximum height 36.35mm, ventricosely conical to conical profile, solid aspect, low spire with e straight or slightly concave profile, angled shoulder, last whorl convex ,with concave shape in anterior right third and convex on the left flank.The subadult specimens have apex with protoconch paucispiral, constituted from 2 embryonic turns, diameter of approximately 0.35mm, in the adult specimen, apex and protoconch is not analyzable due to the presence of erosions and incrustations. Narrow, opening wider to the base. Suture defined, undulated, subsutural ramps flat, carved from 5-8 furrows; last whorl in shoulder area is tuberculate Surface of the body whorl covered from faint spirals that are attenuated in adapical direction. Uniform, yellow brown, inner color yellow of the aperture and white siphonal fasciole, protoconca violet, the first whorls of teleoconch change in abapical direction from the lilac to white, subsequently assumes the yellow color of the last whorl; periostracum clear brown.Discussion:-No Data

----------

Conus omanensis Moolenbeek & Coomans, 1993

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in Naturalis, Leiden Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Apex 8, p. 21, f. 11-16, 18Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Masirah Island, OmanType Data: Holotype in NATURALIS, LEIDEN deposited and catalogued Type Size: 7.7 x 3.6 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: Subspecies of biraghii Raybaudi, G.(Massilia), 1992Current Group Names:-

Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAEGenus:-Lilliconus Species:-biraghii omanensis subsp.Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-OmanHabitat:-Shallow waterDescription:-Source Living ConidaeC. b. omanensis with an often narrower, ventricosely conical last whorl. Shoulder angulate. Larval shell of about 2 whorls, with fine radial ridges on final part. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 1 increasing to 3 distinct spiral grooves pronounced also in late whorls. Spiral subshoulder grooves consistently visible in stepped spire whorls. C. b. omanensis otherwise matching C. b. congruens in morphology. Some shells of C. b. omanensis closer to C. b. biraghii due to concave teleoconch sutural ramps and prominent axial subshoulder costae.Conus biraghii omanensis Moolenbeek & Coomans, 1993 (Apex, March, 1993, p.21) - Length of holotype 7.7mm; shell biconic, slender, rather solid. Protoconch of 1.5 whorls, initially mostly white with brown sutures, then brown with minute axial folds. Body whorl smooth, with a groove just below the shoulder; white, with a grayish upper band ornamented with spiral white/brown lines; a second grayish band, equally ornamented, occurs near the base. Between the two bands there are spiral lines spotted with brown and white. It differs from the nominate species in having less pronounced coronations and in being more obconic. The spirals on the teleoconch are lacking on C. b. biraghii.Discussion:-No Data

----------

Conus omaria Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792

Pictures:Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Tableau Enc. (1798, pl. 344, fig. 3) Picture Link: Paul KerstenRadula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1 p. 743Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Indian Ocean; corrected [unnecessarily], (Lauer) Bohol Island, Philippines.Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Tableau (1798, pl. 344, fig. 3)Nomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Darioconus Species:-omaria Synonyms:- sindon Reeve, 1844; convolutus Sowerby ii, 1858; magoides Melvill, 1900; patonganus da Motta, 1982; viperinus Lauer, 1986Geographic Range:-Indian Ocean except for Red Sea and India; Pacific Ocean except for French Polynesia and HawaiiHabitat:-Shallow subtidal to about 50 m, as deep as 100 m in W. Thailand; on coral reefs and in reef lagoons, in sand and rubble.

Description:-Source Living ConidaeMedium-sized to large, moderately solid to solid. In Indian Ocean shells , last whorl narrowly conoid-cylindrical to conoid-cylindrical, also narrowly cylindrical to cylindrical or ventricosely conical in Pacific shells, conical in juvenile shells; outline straight and nearly parallel-sided to slightly convex or slightly concave centrally, variably convex above and slightly convex to straight below; left side sometimes concave above base. Aperture wider at base than near shoulder. Shoulder angulate to rounded. Spire usually low; outline concave to slightly convex in late whorls, domed to straight in early whorls. Larval shell multispiral, maximum diameter 0.7-0.8 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave or slightly convex, with 2-4 fine spiral grooves in early whorls and numerous often very weak spiral striae in late whorls. Last whorl with fine spiral ribs or threads and a few narrow ribbons basally, obsolete toward shoulder.Ground colour white, often suffused with pink to violet in Indian Ocean shells. Last whorl overlaid with yellowish or orangish brown to dark or reddish brown, leaving numerous very small to moderately large tent-like ground-colour markings. Tents edged with a darker brown line toward outer lip and usually concentrated in 3-4 axial bands as well as in 3 spiral bands, below shoulder, below centre and at base. Shells with 2 interrupted spiral bands of brown flecks and blotches intergrade with shells with a rather regular network of brown lines on entire last whorl; in some shells from Pacific localities (Philippines, Amami Is.), reticulated lines replaced by fine wavy axial lines. Brown flecks and blotches with many very small, regularly arranged white spots, sparsely including larger solid zones, and interspersed with spiral rows of alternating darker brown and ground-colour dots. Larval whorls and first 2-4 postnuclear sutural ramps reddish violet. Following ramps matching last whorl in colour pattern. Aperture often yellow to pinkish orange, yellowish cream deep within.Shell Morphometry L 45-86 mm RW 0.19-0.56 g/mm (L 45-77 mm) RD - (-Pacific shells 0.47 - 0.60; -Indian Ocean shells 0.45 - 0.56) PMD -(-Pacific shells 0.71 - 0.83; -Indian Ocean shells 0.75 - 0.83) RSH 0.06-0.13Discussion:-C. omaria is similar to C. magnificus, C. episcopatus, C. madagascariensis and C. pennaceus. C. magnificus has a higher spire (RSH 0.13-0.19), a white aperture, and largely solid rather than strongly interrupted brown flecks and blotches. Its early postnuclear whorls are consistently domed, and its ground colour is suffused with red, whereas sympatric C. omaria has a pure white ground colour. C. episcopatus is of larger mean size and has consistently domed early postnuclear whorls. It can be distinguished from C. omaria by its coarser pattern consisting of larger and more often axially elongate brown blotches, a much smaller portion of very small tents, and prominent axial bands of larger ground colour tents that are more often fused into axial white blotches. In addition, C. episcopatus lacks dark brown demarcation lines on the tents. Indian Ocean shells of C. omaria differ from Pacific shells in their often pale pink to violet ground colour, more frequently straight-sided apices and in their strictly conoid-cylindrical last whorls. These differences do not justify separation at the species level; as they are not constant between regions of the species range, neither do they suggest subspecies status. C. convolutus refers to Indian Ocean specimens with straight-sided apices; C. patonganus from W. Thailand includes specimens with domed as well as straight-sided early postnuclear whorls. C. magoides,

described as 'pink', may be based on a specimen from the Indian Ocean with a convex apex. C. viperinus is a yellowish to orangish brown form from Philippines with domed to sometimes straight- sided early postnuclear whorls. C. sindon has been considered to represent an individual variant of C. pennaceus with closely spaced axial lines or recognized as valid species separate from both C. omaria and C. pennaceus. An axially lineate pattern occurs in various species (C. omaria; C. pennaceus; C. madagascariensis; C. textile; C. victoriae). In colour pattern, the holotype of C. sindon is slightly closer to similar forms of C. omaria than to those of C. pennaceus with respect to shell morphology, it cannot be unequivocally assigned to either of these species. RKK provisionally place C. sindon into the synonymy of C. omaria.

Conus omaria convolutus Sowerby ii, 1858

Pictures:Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Thes. Conch. iii, p. 44, pl. 23 (209), f. 564Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Lectotype (C, M & W) in BMNH; designated (Lauer) MadagascarType Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued Type Size: 59 x 24 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: Synonym form of Conus omaria Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Darioconus Species:-omaria convolutus formaSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Indian OceanHabitat:-Shallow subtidal to about 50 m, as deep as 100 m in W. Thailand; on coral reefs and in reef lagoons, in sand and rubble.Description: C. convolutus refers to Indian Ocean specimens with straight-sided apices.

Conus omaris patonganus da Motta, 1982

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Publ. Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no. 1, p. 7, f. 7Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Off Raya Is., Phuket, Thailand; ca. 100 ft.Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued Type Size: 54 x 27 mm

Nomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: Synonym of Conus omaria Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792Current Group Names:- Not appropriate.

Conus omaria viperinus Lauer, 1986

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: La Conchiglia xviii, no. 212-213, p. 28. figs. 1-4Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Bohol Island, Philippines; 5-15 m; corrected to Sulu Archipelago (Lauer. 1990).Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued Type Size :48 x 25 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: Synonym colour form of omaria Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Darioconus Species:-omaria viperinus formaSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-PhilippinesHabitat:-Shallow subtidal to about 50 m, on coral reefs and in reef lagoons, in sand and rubble.Description:-Source La Conchiglia Original DescriptionThe shell of C. viperinus is of an olive-conical shape, moderately elongated, smooth except for very fine spiral striae which change into light cordlets at the base of the body whorl and slight growth lines. The shell is solid and heavy and has a natural satin-like gloss. The spire is made up of ten whorls, those of the protoconch are scarcely visible. The protoconch is mamillate and nearly flat on the top part, with an apex looking like a minute nipple. The five following whorls are strongly convex or swollen, except for the upper side of the last two, which show a large spiral channel-like depression, especially visible on the body whorl. On the whole, the spire is low and forms a wide obtuse angle with the convex sides. The whorls of the spire are finely engraved with very dense striae. The penultimate whorl is visibly detached from the body whorl by a sort of step. The shoulder, subangulated, rounds out into a wide curve, which continues to the base like a parabola, without any interruption, apart from a slight swelling towards the last third of the whorl. The aperture starts from a rather deep posterior channel and is relatively wide, becoming more so towards the base, while the siphonal canal is narrow. The solid thick external lip has an obtuse edge; the columella is just visible under a weak plica of the internal lip. Ornamentation and colour: The whole shell, except for the first five whorls, is covered by dense reticulation in golden yellow to orange tones. These very fine reticulations, sometimes like scales, sometimes like little dots lined up along thin short spiral threads, join together to form large dark yellow blotches tinged with orange. These, in turn, are covered by more or less interrupted alignments of scales and irregular triangles arranged in checks forming three indistinct spiral bands, completed by casual axial 'alignments'. The apex is of a beautiful

carmine-pink colour. The aperture is whitish towards the edge of the lip but of an intense pinkish orange towards the inside. In the shell of the holotype slight pigmentation problems were caused by natural growth scars.Discussion:-No Data

----------

Conus optimus Sowerby iii, 1913

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) xi, p. 235, pl. iii, f. 7Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: New CaledoniaType Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued Type Size: 23 x 13 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: Synonym form of Conus exiguus Lamarck, 1810Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Fulgiconus Species:-exiguus optimus formaSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-New CaledoniaHabitat:-In S. New Caledonia, C. exiguus known from coral, rubble, and coarse sand with algae in 13-53 m, often inhabiting channels of the barrier reef with strong water currents.Description:-Source Living Conidae C. exiguusSmall to medium-sized, light to moderately solid. Last whorl conical, sometimes conoid-cylindrical in populations from very shallow water; outline convex, or slightly convex adapically and less convex to straight towards base. Shoulder angulate and tuberculate, subangulate and weakly tuberculate in populations from very shallow water. Spire of low to moderate height; outline concave to convex. In southern New Caledonia, larval shell of 2.0-2.25 whorls; maximum diameter 0.7 mm in northern New Caledonia to 1 mm in the south. Postnuclear spire whorls tuberculate to weakly tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 1 increasing to 4-7 spiral grooves. Last whorl with variably spaced, shallow, punctate spiral grooves, sometimes from base to shoulder; spiral ribs usually granulose and restricted to abapical area or extending to centre or shoulder (form plumbeus). Largely smooth specimens often with distinct non-granulose spiral ribs at shoulder.Last whorl various shades of brown, leaving variously shaped and sized white dots, spots, flecks or blotches, mostly located near shoulder and at centre, sometimes also at base. Brownish tones ranging from yellowish, orangish and olive-brown to dark reddish and blackish brown. Small individuals in northern New Caledonia with small spirally arrayed white markings either extending across entire last whorl or restricted to central area. The medium-sized individuals in southern New Caledonia lighter in colour, with small to large white markings often fusing into 2-3 spiral bands or reduced to a few scattered dots or spots. Shells from very shallow water darkest

in colour, with large, partially white markings, axially or spirally arranged. Base sometimes light violet. Larval shell white to pale yellow, pink in medium-sized shells from the south. Postnuclear sutural ramps matching last whorl in colouration (including number and size of white markings). Aperture of various shades of violet (southern population) or bluish violet to brown (other populations).Shell Morphometry L 16-54 mm RW 0.05-0.26 g/mm (L 19-45 mm) RD 0.57-0.67 PMD 0.83-0.95 RSH 0.09-0.20 C. e. optimus southern form with strictly conical shells of medium sizeDiscussion:-No Data

----------

Conus orbignyi Audouin, 1831

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul KerstenRadula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

Published in: Mag. Zool. 1, pl. 20 Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: ChinaType Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued Type Size: 55 x 20 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAEGenus:-Bathyconus Species:-orbignyi Synonyms:- planicostatus Sowerby ii, 1833; elokismenos Kilburn, 1975; coriolisi Moolenbeek & Richard in Röckel. Richard & Moolenbeek, 1995Geographic Range:-Japan to Philippines; QueenslandHabitat:-At depths of 50-400vm.Description:-Source Living ConidaeMedium-sized in C. o. coriolisi, medium sized to large in C. o. orbignyi, to moderately large in C. o. elokismenos, light to moderately solid. Last whorl often pyriform, also narrowly conical or narrowly conoid- cylindrical in C. o. orbignyi, also conical or narrowly conical in C. o. coriolisi and conical to ventricosely conical in C. o. elokismenos; outline slightly convex at adapical two-thirds, concave to straight below. Siphonal canal often deflected to the dorsal side. Aperture very narrow. Shoulder angulate to sharply angulate, with weak tubercles often disappearing toward aperture in large specimens; exhalent notch rather deep. Spire high, stepped; outline straight to

slightly concave. Larval shell of about 4 whorls, maximum diameter 0.85-1 mm. Postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly concave, with 0-1 increasing to 5-7 spiral grooves and with radial threads; in C. o. elokismenos spiral sculpture weaker on late ramps than in C. o. orbignyi. Entire last whorl with axially striate spiral grooves and ribbons between; 1-2 spiral ribs replacing ribbons just below shoulder. In C. o. orbignyi, spiral ribbons generally narrower and grooves wider than in C. o. elokismenos; some wide ribbons divided into pairs of narrow ribbons. In C. o. elokismenos, wide ribbons with spiral striae and surface sculpture weak on adapical fourth. In C. o. coriolisi, ribbons weak to obsolete adapically.Ground colour white. Last whorl with rectangular brown spots on ribbons, aligned axially and also clustering in 3 spiral bands, below shoulder and on both sides of centre. In C. o. elokismenos, spots of adapical band variably fused into axial streaks. In C. o. coriolisi, pattern reduced to 3 interrupted bands. Larval whorls white to pale brown, often with a brown sutural line. Postnuclear sutural ramps with irregular brown streaks and brown spots at outer margin, often between tubercles. Aperture white, dark cream deep within.Discussion:-C. planicostatus is considered a synonym of C. orbignyi, although Sowerby's figure has a relatively lower spire (RSH 0.21); all other shell characters suggest identity with C. orbignyi. C. orbignyi has a discontinuous range. There appear to be 3 disjunct groups of populations, in the western Pacific and in the western Indian Ocean. They are generally considered geographic subspecies, C. o. orbignyi in the W. Pacific, C. o. coriolisi in the New Caledonia-Coral Sea area, and C. o. elokismenos in the Indian Ocean.

The orbignyi complex has been revised by Puillandre et al. in 2011.

Conus orbignyi coriolisi Moolenbeek & Richard in Röckel, Richard & Moolenbeek, 1995

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN MNHN

Published in: Mem. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. clxvi, p. 578, figs. 12 & 13Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Lord Howe Rise, Capel Bank, Coral Sea. (25deg 29' S. 159deg 46' E); 240 m.Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued Type Size: 44.6 x 16 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: Described as a subspecies of Conus orbignyi Audouin, 1831; raised to the status of a valid species by Puillandre et al., 2011Current Group Names:-Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAEGenus:-Bathyconus Species:- coriolisi Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-New Caledonia; Coral Sea; PhilippinesHabitat:-Found at 150-550 mDescription:- Discussion:-

Conus orbignyi elokismenos Kilburn, 1975

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype C. aratus Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Nautilus. lxxxix, no. 2, p. 50Ocean geography: South AfricaType Locality: Tongaat-Umhlanga Rocks, Natal (C. aratus Kilburn,1973)Type Data: Holotype in NMSA deposited and catalogued (C. aratus) Type Size : 60 x 21.8 mmNomenclature: An available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum) for C. aratus Kilburn, Taxonomy: Descibed as a subspecies of Conus orbignyi Audouin, 1831; 1973; raised to the status of a valid species by Puillandre et al., 2011Current Group Names:-Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAEGenus:-Bathyconus Species:- elokismenos Synonyms:- aratus Kilburn, 1973Geographic Range:-Natal to Madagascar and ReunionHabitat:-Found at 270-310 m in mudDescription:- Discussion:-

----------

Conus orion Broderip & Sowerby, 1833

Pictures:Picture Link: Lectotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul KerstenRadula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

Published in: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1833, p. 55Ocean geography: Eastern PacificType Locality: Real Llejos, Corinto, Nicaragua.Type Data: Lectotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued Type Size: 40 x 22 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Purpuriconus Species:-orion Synonyms:- drangai Schwengel, 1955Geographic Range:-Pacific Mexico - Colombia

Habitat:-Sand and rubble 5-50 m.Description:-Source WallsModerately heavy, with a high gloss; low conical, the sides nearly straight; low basal ridges sometimes extended; shoulder wide, sharply angled; spire moderately low, sharply pointed, the sides straight/concave; whorl tops flat; body whorl glossy opaque white heavily covered with reddish brown to blackish brown in two scalloped bands around unmarked or flammuled midbody; from both dark bands extend heavy axial flammules; occasionaly bands broken into irregular blotches; area below shoulder white checkered with dark; often has appearance of dark shell with three spiral bands of axial flammules; base salmon, sometimes white; spire white with large revolving brown blotches; early whorls whitish; aperture moderately narrow, uniform; outer lip thin, sharp, straight; mouth pale bluish white; columella internal;Discussion:-Similar to C. vittatus which has whorl tops convex in section giving a convex rounded outline to spire.

----------

Conus orri Ninomiya & da Motta in da Motta, 1982

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in NSMT Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paratype in SMNS Manuel Tenorio

Published in: Publ. Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no. 1, p. 15, f. 14Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West AfricaType Locality: Solifor Pt., Bojol Is., Gambia; under rocks in reef pools.Type Data: Holotype in NSMT deposited and catalogued Type Size: 25.8 x 16 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: although by most authors seen as a synonym of Conus mercator Linnaeus, 1758 it is possibly a valid speciesDiscussion: Personal Comment by Ed Petuch:   I did my Master's thesis research on the marine biogeography of West Africa, concentrating most of my efforts from Western Sahara and Mauritania), through all of Senegal and Gambia, down to the Cameroons------the Cap Vert area of Senegal is an isolated (and not all that big) rocky "island" in the middle of wide expanses of mud and sand coastlines------I found that mercator was confined to the basaltic rock areas centered on N' Gor and Cap Almedees----once you head south towards M' Bour, the rocky coast stops and the sand and mud begin, and mercator disappears-----that's the end of its range-----orri was found all the way south at the mouth of the Gambia River and lives on these weird shell pile (mostly Senilia senilis, the only hard substrate) and mud environments and also artificial rock jetties------there are no mercator or other rocky substrate cones between the Cape Verde region and Banjul, only soft sediment-loving species like pulcher and byssinus-----so, there are 2 concentrations of Lautoconus species in West Africa; one on the rock reefs of Cape Verde and Ile Goree and one in Angola, and nothing much in between-----the Gambian orri is geographically isolated from mercator by soft substrate environments (like the mouth of the M'Bour River) and I am sure that it is a good species.

----------

Conus ortneri Petuch, 1998

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in FMNH C. Meyer

Published in: La Conchiglia xxx, no. 287, p. 34, figs. 16 & 17Ocean geography:West Atlantic and CaribbeanType Locality: Off Paradise Is., N. of New Providence Is., BahamasType Data: Holotype in FMNH deposited and catalogued Type Size: 17 x 10 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: According to Filmer a synonym form of Conus cardinalis Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Purpuriconus Species:-cardinalis ortneri formaSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-BahamasHabitat:-Collected in 6 - 7m depth on hardpan bottom with dense algae cover in areas of strong, continuous current.Description:-Source Original descriptionShell small for subgenus, with high glossy polish; body whorl characteristically sculptured with 6-8 evenly spaced, faint, shallowly depressed punctate spiral grooves; shoulder slightly rounded, subcarinated, edged with 16 well-defined, rounded knobs per whorl: spire low, coronated, with only early whorls projecting; protoconch exserted, mammillate; anterior end encircled with 6 large, beaded cords; shell color uniformly deep orange-red or bright orange; spire whorls orange-red, with knobs being paler orange in color: protoconch and early whorls deep cherry red.Discussion:-Of the known Bahamian Purpuriconus species, Conus ortneri, especially in size, is most similar to C. donnae, but differs in being a stockier shell that is broader across the shoulder, in having a much lower, flattened spire, in having a deeper red-orange shell color, in having bright cherry-red early whorls and protoconch (instead of yellow-orange), and in lacking the strong, beaded cords of C. donnae, instead having incised punctate grooves. Conus ortneri is also similar to C. speciosissimus Reeve, 1848 from the Virgin Islands and northern Windward Islands, but differs in having a lower spire with smaller and more numerous knobs; in lacking the white mid-body and shoulder bands, and in having the characteristic faint incised grooves.John Tucker (2010) suggests that C. ortneri is a form of C. velaensis.

----------

Conus ostrinus Tucker & Tenorio, 2011

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in SBMNH Manolo Tenorio Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Miscellanea Malacologica 5 (1), 1-16 Ocean geography: West Atlantic and CaribbeanType Locality: Portobelo Bay, Colon, E Panama.Type Data: Holotype in SBMNH deposited and catalogued Type Size: 29.6 x 12.8 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Gradiconus Species:-ostrinus Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-E. PanamaHabitat:-No DataDescription:-Source Original descriptionThe new species has a small shell (largest observed was 32.5 mm long). The shell is moderately elongated conical in shape. The spire is well elevated and just slightly scalariform. Protoconch is brown and paucispiral. Shoulder carinate. The aperture has a purplish tinge. Coloration is complicated but made up of only one color shade. These are uniformly dark brown to purple-brown in color. The ground color is distinctly purple shaded.

----------

Conus otohimeae Kuroda & Ito, 1961

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in NSMN Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul KerstenRadula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

Published in: Venus vol. xxi, no. 3, p. 250, pl. 17, f. 8Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Nada, Gobo, Kii Peninsula, JapanType Data: Holotype was in NSMN and currently assumed to be lost Type Size: 27.2 x 14 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAEGenus:-Yeddoconus Species:-otohimeae Synonyms:- rogmartini da Motta, 1982Geographic Range:-S Japan - PhilippinesHabitat:-In Japan in 50- 150 m; Philippine shells in 240-300 m.Description:-Source Living ConidaModerately small to medium-sized, moderately solid. Last whorl ventricosely conical to conical; outline slightly convex to straight, left side may be concave near base. Shoulder angulate to

carinate, often weakly tuberculate or undulate. Spire of moderate height, outline straight to slightly sigmoid. Larval shell of about 3 whorls, maximum diameter 0.9- 1 mm. First 5-7 teleoconch whorls tuberculate. following whorls often carinate; tubercles may re-appear within the last 2 whorls. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to concave, bearing dominant curved axial threads. Last whorl glossy, sculpture variable: smooth, with weak spiral ribs below centre, ribs occasionally granulose. sometimes heavily, from base to shoulder, especially toward outer lip in shells from Philippines.Ground colour white to pink. Last whorl variably encircled with orange-brown bands, often containing brown flecks and axial streaks. Overlying closely spaced spiral rows of brown dots extend from base to shoulder, but may be reduced or absent. Larval whorls white to grey. Postnuclear sutural ramps with brown radial blotches and brown dashes or dots on outer margins. Aperture translucent.Shell Morphometry L 27-40 mm RW 0.11-0.20 g/mm (L 27-37 mm) RD 0.59-0.64 PMD 0.78-0.92 RSH 0.12-0.20 Shells described as C. rogmartini from S. Philippines have granulose spiral ribs on last whorl.Discussion:-No Data

Conus otohimeae f. rogmartini da Motta, 1982

Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer

Published in: Carf. Phil. Shell News 4 (2), p. 3, figs. on p. 1Ocean geography: ndo-PacificType Locality: Balut Island, Sarangani Group south of Mindanao, Philippines; ca. 120 fathomsType Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued Type Size: 31.2 x 17.4 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: Synonym form of Conus otohimeae Kuroda & Ito, 1961Current Group Names:-Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAEGenus:-Yeddoconus Species:-otohimeae rogmartini formaSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-PhilippinesHabitat:-Deep waterDescription:-Source Living Conidae C otohimeaeShells described as C. rogmartini from S. Philippines have granulose spiral ribs on last whorl.Discussion:-No Data

----------

Copyright Paul Kersten. Rights to all images remains with the originator. Every effort has been made by the editor to respect copyright and image rights and to seek the appropriate approvals. The source of any text quoted from original descriptions or other publications is acknowledged. Acknowledgements and References can be viewed by clicking on the links provided. Should you have any queries or material which would improve the content of the website, you may contact the author at the E mail address on home page.

Last update July 2017