document resume - ericplasma vitamin a serum vitamin c urinary riboflavin tested for two or more of...
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ED 057 150
TITLE
INSTITUT/ON
PUB DATENOTEAVAILABLE FROM
DOCUMENT RESUME
UD 011 959
Ten-State Nutrition Survey in the United States,1968-70. Preliminary Report to the Congress, April
1971.Public Health Service (DHEW), Atlanta, Ga. Center forDisease Control.Apr 7171p.Center for Disease Control, Dept. of Health,Educa*Aon and Welfare, Health Services and MentalHealtn Administration, Atlanta, Georgia
EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29DESCRIPTORS *Disadvantaged Groups; Eating H3bits; Low Income
Groups; *National surveys; *Nutrition; PopulationTrends; *Surveys
ABSTRACTThis report of the Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare to the Congress concerns the nutrition of people livingin 10 states, from 1968-70. The data presented in this bookletpresent the preliminary findings for New York City and New YorkState. The data represent selected characteristics and findings inthe population groups that were studied. The intent of the surveyswas to determine the nutrition levels of disadvantaged familiesrather than provide a true picture of a cross section of the totalpopulation. Sampling selection was based on 1970 census data,although the actual survey was instituted in June 1968 and notconcluded until May 1970. Because of the incomplete nature of thedata forming the basis of this report, it is considered that oneshould be cautious 'n drawing conclusions. Characteristics of thepopulation sampled (education, age, income, ethnic group) andbiochemistries as well as anthropometry (height and weight) and dietare the kinds of information presented. (AuthornrW)
-
TE
N-S
TA
TE
NU
TR
ITIO
NSU
RV
EY
IN T
HE
UN
ITE
D S
TA
TE
S,19
68-1
970
Prel
imin
ary
Rep
ort t
o th
e C
ongr
ess
Apr
il 19
71
U.S
. DE
PA
RT
ME
NT
OF
HE
ALT
H.
ED
UC
AT
ION
& W
ELF
AR
EO
FF
ICE
OF
ED
nIA
TIO
N
TH
IS D
OC
UM
EN
T H
AS
BE
EN
RE
,"
DU
CE
D E
XA
CT
LY A
SR
EC
EIV
ED
I'
TH
E P
ER
SO
N O
RO
RG
AN
IZA
TIO
N (
dRIG
-
INA
TIN
G IT
. PO
INT
S O
FV
IEW
OR
OP
IN-
ION
S S
TA
TE
D D
O N
OT
NE
CE
SS
AR
ILY
RE
PR
ES
EN
T O
FF
ICIA
L O
FF
ICE
OF
ED
U-
CA
TIO
N P
OS
ITIO
N O
RP
OLI
CY
U.S
. DE
PAR
TM
EN
TO
F H
EA
LT
H, E
DU
CA
TIO
N,
AN
D W
EL
FAR
E
-
Tab
le o
f C
onte
nts
Page
I.In
trod
uctio
n_
II.
Cha
ract
eris
tics
of S
ampl
es in
Sur
veye
d A
reas
Tab
les:
1.Pa
rtic
ipat
ion
of h
ouse
hold
s an
d in
divi
dual
s in
Nut
ritio
nSu
rvey
s by
Sta
te a
nd N
ew Y
ork
City
, 196
8-70
3
2. N
umbe
r of
Ind
ivid
uals
Tes
ted
for
Sele
cted
Bio
chem
ical
sin
Nut
ritio
n Su
.vt:y
s by
Sta
te a
nd N
ew Y
ork
City
, 196
8-70
4
3. C
ompa
riso
n of
Edu
catio
n of
Per
selis
12
yrs.
of A
ge a
ndO
ver
for
Hou
seho
lds
that
wer
e -l
ot E
xam
ined
inN
utri
tion
Surv
eys
by S
tate
and
New
Yor
k C
ity, 1
968-
70.
5
4.C
ompa
riso
n of
Per
sons
by
Age
Gro
up B
reak
dow
ns f
orU
uuse
llAk
thilt
wer
e E
xam
ined
with
Hou
seho
lds
that
wer
eno
t Exo
nin.
oli i
n N
utri
tion
Surv
eys
by S
tate
and
New
Yor
k C
ity, [
968-
706
5.C
ompa
riso
n of
Per
sons
in E
thni
c G
roup
for
Hou
seho
lds
that
wer
e E
xam
ined
with
Hou
seho
lds
that
wer
e no
t Exa
min
ed in
Nut
ritio
n Su
rvey
s by
Sta
te a
nd N
ew Y
ork
City
, 196
8-70
7
6. C
ompa
riso
n of
Per
sons
in I
ncom
e G
roup
s fo
rHou
seho
lds
that
wer
e E
xam
ined
with
Hou
seho
lds
that
wer
e no
t Exa
min
ed h
iN
utri
tion
Surv
eys
by S
tate
and
New
Yor
k C
ity,
1968
-70
7. M
ean
Pove
rty
Inde
x R
atio
and
Dis
trib
utio
nof
Per
sons
Bel
ow a
nd A
bove
the
Pove
rty
Lev
el f
or T
en S
tate
san
dN
ew Y
ork
City
Nut
ritio
n Su
rvey
s, 1
9684
098
-
III.
Bio
chem
istr
y10
A.
Hem
oglo
bin
(Num
ber,
% D
efic
ient
, %D
efic
ient
and
Low
)10
Tab
les: 8A
.B
y St
ate
and
Bel
ow P
over
ty a
nd A
bove
Pove
rty
11
8B.
By
Stat
e an
d Po
vert
y In
dex
Rat
io12
8C.
By
Stat
e an
d Se
x (M
ale
and
Fem
ale)
13
8D.
By
Stat
e an
d A
ge G
roup
s14
8E.
By
Stat
e an
d E
thni
c G
roup
s15
Figu
res: la.
Perc
ent D
efic
ient
for
All
Stat
es C
ombi
ned
by C
ombi
ned
Pove
rty
Inde
x R
atio
and
Pove
rty
Inde
x R
atio
Bre
akdo
wn
16
lb.
Perc
ent D
efic
ient
and
/ or
Low
for
all
Stat
esC
ombi
ned
by C
ombi
ned
Pove
rty
Inde
xR
atio
and
Pove
rty
Inde
x R
atio
Bre
akdo
wn
17
c.Pe
rcen
t Def
icie
nt B
elow
and
Abo
vePo
vert
yL
evel
by
Stat
es18
ld.
Perc
ent D
efic
ient
and
/or
Low
Bel
owan
d A
bove
Pove
rty
Lev
el b
y St
ates
19
le.
Perc
ent D
efic
ient
Whi
te v
s. N
egro
by S
tate
20
lf.
Perc
ent D
efic
ient
and
/or
Low
Whi
te v
s.N
egro
by S
tate
21
B.
Vita
min
A (
Num
ber,
% D
efic
ient
, %D
efic
ient
and
Low
)22
Tab
les: 9A
.B
y St
ate
and
Bel
ow P
over
ty a
ndA
bove
Pov
erty
23
9B.
By
Stat
e an
d Po
vert
y In
dex
Rat
io24
9C.
By
Stat
e an
d Se
x (M
ale
and
Fem
ale)
25
9D. B
y St
ate
and
by A
ge G
roup
s26
9E.
By
Stat
e an
d E
thni
c G
roup
s27
-
C.
Vita
min
C (
Num
ber,
% D
efic
ient
,%
Def
icie
nt a
nd L
ow)
28
Tab
les: 10
A.
By
Stat
e an
d B
elow
Pov
erty
and
Abo
ve P
over
ty
10B
.B
y St
ate
and
Pove
rty
Inde
xR
atio
30
10C
.B
y St
ate
and
Sex
(Mal
e an
dFe
mal
e)31
10D
.B
y St
ate
and
by A
ge G
roup
s32
10E
.B
y St
ate
and
Eth
nic
Gro
ups
33
D.
Rib
ofla
vin
(Num
ber,
% D
efic
ient
, %D
efic
ient
and
Low
)34
Tab
les: 11
A.
By
Stat
e an
d B
elow
Pov
erty
and
Abo
ve P
over
ty35
11B
.B
y St
ate
and
Pove
rty
hide
x R
atio
36
11C
.B
y St
ate
and
Sex
(Mal
e an
d Fe
mal
e)37
11D
.B
y St
ate
and
by A
ge G
roup
s38
11E
y St
ate
and
Eth
nic
Gro
ups
39
E.
Pers
ons
with
two
or m
ore
unac
cept
able
bioc
hem
ical
val
ues
in H
emog
lobi
n, V
itam
in A
, Vita
min
C, I
nd R
ibof
lavi
n40
Tab
les: 12
A.
Def
icie
nt a
nd/o
r L
ow b
y St
ate
Bel
owan
d.
Abo
ve P
over
ty41
12B
.D
efic
ient
by
Stat
e an
d Po
vert
y In
dex
Rat
io
12C
.D
efic
ient
and
/or
Low
by
Stat
e an
d Po
vert
yIn
dex
Rat
io43
121)
Def
icie
nt a
nd/o
r L
ow b
y Se
x (T
otal
,M
ale
and
Fem
ale)
44
12E
.D
efic
ient
by
Eth
nic
Gro
ups
for
Stat
esC
ombi
ned
45
12F.
Def
icie
nt a
nd/o
r L
ow b
y E
thni
c G
roup
sfo
rSt
ates
Com
bine
d46
-
Figu
res:
.(T
wo
or m
ore
Bio
chem
ical
s)
2a.
Perc
ent D
efic
ient
Bel
ow a
ndA
bove
Pov
erty
by
Stat
es47
2b.
Perc
ent D
efic
ient
and
/or
Low
Bel
ow a
nd A
bove
Pove
rty
by S
tate
s48
2c.
Perc
ent D
efic
ient
by
Eth
nic
Gro
ups
and
for
all
Stat
es C
ombi
ned
49
2d.
Perc
ent D
efic
ient
and
/or
Low
by
Eth
nic
Gro
ups
and
for
all S
tate
s C
ombi
ned
50
IV.
Ant
hrop
omet
ry.
51
Hei
ght a
nd W
eigh
t51
Figu
res: 3a
.Pe
rcen
t bel
ow 1
6th
and
abov
e84
th p
erce
ntile
for
wei
ght
51
3b.
Perc
ent b
elow
and
abo
ve o
nest
anda
rd d
evia
tion
for
heig
ht53
3c.
Perc
ent b
elow
16t
h pe
rcen
tile
for
wei
ght B
elow
and
Abo
ve P
over
ty54
3d.
Perc
ent b
elow
one
Stan
dard
dev
iatio
n fo
r he
ight
Bel
ow a
nd A
bove
Pov
erty
55
3e.
Perc
ent b
elow
16t
h pe
rcen
tile
for
wei
ght
whi
teN
TA
.N
egro
56
3f.
Perc
ent b
elow
one
sta
ndar
dde
viat
ion
for
heig
ht--
whi
te v
s. N
egro
57
-
V.
Die
tary
58
Tab
les: 13
A. L
evel
s of
die
tary
Stan
dard
s (A
dequ
acy)
by
Sele
cted
Nut
rien
ts a
nd P
over
ty L
evel
s,T
exas
59
13B
.L
evel
s of
die
tary
Sta
ndar
ds(A
dequ
n.zy
) by
Sele
cted
Nut
rien
ts a
nd P
over
ty L
evel
s,L
ouis
iana
60
13C
.L
evel
s of
die
tary
Sta
ndar
ds (
Ade
quac
y)by
Sel
ecte
d
Nut
rien
ts a
nd P
over
ty L
evel
s,N
ew Y
ork
Stat
e61
13D
. Lev
els
of d
ieta
rySt
anda
rds
(Ade
quac
y) b
ySe
lect
ed
ntri
ents
and
die
tary
Lev
els,
Ken
tuck
y62
13E
.L
evel
s of
die
tary
Sta
ndar
ds(A
dequ
acy)
by
Sele
cted
Nut
rien
ts a
nd d
ieta
ry L
evel
s,M
ichi
gan
63
isF.
Part
icip
atio
n of
Hou
seho
ldsU
sing
Com
mod
ities
and
buyi
ng F
ood
St L
aps,
etc
.64
-
I. I
NT
RO
DU
CT
ION
The
dat
a on
whi
ch th
is r
epor
t is
base
d w
ere
colle
cted
bet
wee
n19
68 a
nd
1970
.T
he f
ollo
win
g ta
bles
pre
sent
the
prel
imin
ary
find
ings
from
this
Ten
-
Stat
e N
utri
tion
Surv
ey. T
heda
ta r
epre
sent
sel
ecte
dch
arac
teri
stic
s an
d
find
ings
in th
e po
pula
tion
grou
psth
at w
ere
stud
ied.
The
inte
ntof
the
sur-
veys
was
tode
term
ine
the
nutr
ition
leve
ls o
fdi
sadv
anta
ged
fam
ilies
rat
her
than
pro
vide
a tr
ue p
ictu
re o
f a
cros
sse
ctio
n of
the
tota
l pop
ulat
ion.
Sam
-
plin
g se
lect
ion
was
bas
ed o
n 19
60 c
ensu
sda
ta a
lthou
gh th
e ac
tual
sur
vey
was
ingt
itute
d in
June
196
and
not
con
clud
edun
til M
ay 1
970.
Edi
ting
of th
e da
ta is
con
tinui
ngat
the
Cen
ter
for
Dis
ease
Con
trol
and
,
upon
com
plet
ion
of th
e da
ta e
dit a
nd a
naly
sis,
afm
al r
epor
t will
be
pre-
sent
ed to
this
Com
mitt
ee.
Bec
ause
of
the
inco
mpl
ete
natu
re o
f th
e da
ta
form
ing
the
basi
s of
this
rep
ort,
one
shou
ld b
e ca
utio
us in
dra
win
gco
nclu
-
sion
s. I
t mus
t als
o be
emph
asiz
ed th
at th
e ju
dgm
ents
for
inte
rtir
etat
ion
of b
ioch
emic
al m
easu
rem
ents
pres
ente
d ar
e ba
sed
ongu
idel
ines
est
ab-
lishi
ng "
defi
cien
t" a
nd"l
ow"
leve
ls. W
hile
thes
e ar
e%
vide
ly u
sed
stan
dard
s,
ther
e is
not
a p
reci
se r
elat
ions
hip
betw
een
thes
e ev
iden
ces
ofm
alnu
triti
on
and
occu
rren
ce o
f cl
inic
alab
norm
aliti
es.
1
-
2
II. C
HA
RA
CT
ER
IST
ICS
OF
SAM
PLE
PO
PUL
AT
ION
The
num
bers
of
hous
ehol
ds a
ndin
divi
dual
s pr
ovid
ing
the
basi
sof
this
repo
rt a
re p
rese
nted
in T
able
1.T
houg
h th
ese
hous
ehol
ds a
ndin
divi
dual
s
do n
ot r
epre
sent
all
thos
e w
how
ill b
e in
clud
ed in
the
fina
l edi
ted
repo
rt,
it is
cle
ar th
at th
ere
wer
esu
ffic
ient
loss
es o
f ho
useh
olds
and
indi
vidu
als
in a
ll lo
calit
ies
so th
at th
eda
ta to
be
pres
ente
d in
the
late
r ta
bles
sho
uld
not b
e ex
trap
olat
ed to
oth
erse
gmen
ts o
f th
e po
pula
tion.
Four
out
of
the
man
y bi
oche
mic
alva
riab
les
that
wer
e st
udie
d w
ere
sele
cted
for
incl
usio
n in
this
rep
ort.
A s
umm
ary
of th
enu
mbe
rs o
f th
ese
test
res
ults
ava
ilabl
e fo
r ea
ch s
urve
yis
sho
wn
in T
able
2.
The
indi
vidu
als
who
wer
eex
amin
ed o
n ea
ch s
urve
ydi
d no
t dif
fer
sub-
stan
tially
fro
m th
ose
who
ref
used
exam
inat
ion
or w
ho w
ere
not
avai
labl
e
for
exam
inat
ion.
Tab
les
3-6
pres
ent a
com
pari
son
of s
elec
ted
dem
ogra
phic
char
acte
rist
ics
of th
e ex
amin
ed a
ndno
n-ex
amin
ed in
divi
dual
s in
cull
surv
ey. I
nsof
ar a
sdi
ffer
ence
s ar
e pr
esen
t whi
chsu
gges
t a b
ias
in th
e
inte
rpre
tatio
n of
the
fina
l dat
a, w
epl
an to
mak
e fu
rthe
r de
taile
dta
bula
-
tions
to in
vest
igat
e th
e de
gree
of th
is b
ias.
Exa
mpl
esof
thes
e pr
oble
m
area
s ar
e se
en in
the
over
60
age
grou
p in
Cal
ifor
nia
whe
re th
ere
wer
e
twic
e as
man
y in
divi
dual
s ov
er60
in th
e no
t exa
min
ed g
roup
, as
com
pare
d
to th
e ex
amin
ed g
roup
. In
Sout
h C
arol
ina
ther
e w
ere
thre
e tim
es a
s m
any
wN
ie in
divi
dual
s in
the
note
xam
ined
gro
up (
Tab
le 5
) as
com
pare
d to
the
exam
ined
gro
up. T
his
is a
lso
seen
whe
n on
e lo
oks
at th
epe
rcen
tage
of
indi
vidu
als
exam
ined
who
wer
ebe
low
the
pove
rty
leve
l in
the
vari
ous
stat
es. C
ompa
riso
n of
indi
vidu
als
at s
imila
r ec
onom
icle
vels
may
be
mad
e
betw
een
the
stat
es th
ough
ther
e is
littl
e ju
stif
icat
ion
for
mak
ing
over
all
com
pari
sons
bet
wee
n th
e va
riou
s su
rvey
sas
the
aver
age
econ
omic
sta
tus
of th
e in
divi
dual
s in
the
diff
eren
t sur
veys
dif
fer
cons
ider
ably
(Tab
le 7
).
The
indi
catio
n of
the
econ
omic
stat
us u
sed
in th
ese
surv
eys
is th
e Po
vert
y-
Inde
x R
atio
(O
rsha
nsky
Inde
x). T
his
is a
com
posi
tein
dex
base
d on
in-
com
es f
amily
siz
e,fa
rm o
r no
n-fa
rm, a
nd s
exan
d ag
e of
hea
d of
hou
seho
ld.
For
purp
oses
of
this
rep
ort t
hepo
vert
y lin
e is
set
at a
Pove
rty-
Inde
x R
atio
of 1
.00.
-
Tab
le 1
.Pa
rtic
ipat
ion
of H
ouse
hold
s an
dIn
divi
dual
s in
Nut
ritio
n Su
rvey
s by
Sta
tean
d N
ew Y
ork
City
, 196
8-19
70(P
relim
inar
y)
Stat
e
7,N
umbe
r of
Perc
ent
.t )
Perc
ent o
fT
otal
Num
-In
divi
dual
sA
ttend
ing
Tot
al N
um-
Num
ber
ofIn
terv
iew
edbe
r of
from
Clin
ic o
f
ber
ofT
otal
Num
-H
ouse
hold
sH
ouse
hold
sIn
divi
dual
sIn
terv
iew
edT
otal
Ind
i-
Hou
seho
lds
ber
ofPe
rcen
t of
with
Mem
-w
ith M
em-
inH
ouse
hold
svi
dual
s in
inH
ouse
hold
sH
ouse
hold
sbe
rs A
ttend
-be
rs A
ttend
-in
terv
iew
edA
ttend
ing
Inte
rvie
wed
Sam
ple
Inte
rvie
wed
Inte
rvie
wed
ing
Clin
icin
g C
linic
Hou
seho
lds
Clin
icH
ouse
hold
s
Tot
al29
612
2319
278
1264
955
8359
738
501
46
Tex
as19
9017
8290
1183
6778
0642
1554
Lou
isia
na19
2016
1684
940
5850
5337
8375
New
Yor
k St
ate
2866
2107
7411
2553
6979
3147
45
Ken
tuck
y15
9411
0870
594
5440
0416
6242
Mic
higa
n18
6716
4588
777
4763
7523
2136
New
Yor
k C
ity13
8213
8110
0 '
681
4948
8318
8939
Wes
t Vir
gini
a18
0217
9399
'58
833
5630
1628
29
Cal
ifor
nia
5747
3904
6820
6953
1321
758
4044
Was
hing
ton
4363
2888
6620
4371
9263
5312
57
Sout
h C
arol
ina
8121
2055
6611
2055
9756
4650
48
Mas
sach
uset
ts29
6029
1398
115
2452
1063
140
5438
Perc
enta
ges
unre
alis
tical
ly h
igh
due
to in
com
plet
e ed
iting
of d
ata
on c
ompu
ter
tape
s.
3
-
4
Tab
le 2
.N
umbe
r of
Ind
ivid
uals
Tes
ted
for
Sele
cted
Bio
chem
ical
s in
Nut
ritio
n Su
rvey
s by
Sta
te a
ndN
ew Y
ork
City
, 196
8-19
70 (
^rel
irni
nary
)
Stat
e
Sele
cted
Bio
chem
ical
s
Hem
oglo
bin
Plas
ma
Vita
min
ASe
rum
Vita
min
CU
rina
ryR
ibof
lavi
n
Tes
ted
for
Tw
o or
Mor
e of
The
se F
our
Sele
cted
Bio
chem
ical
s
Tot
al32
669
2226
121
766
2131
118
590
Tex
as33
0429
9725
2930
22N
.A.
Lou
isia
na45
4530
839
7083
8N
A.
New
Yor
k St
ate
2811
1055
992
1138
1155
Ken
tuck
y12
6110
4012
0411
6612
97
Mic
higa
n19
1789
486
093
394
8
New
Yor
k C
ity18
6010
7310
6911
6411
92
Wes
t Vir
gini
a12
9364
161
868
468
3
Cal
ifor
nia
4783
3712
3225
4373
4551
Was
hing
ton
3771
2426
3153
3543
3860
Sout
h C
arol
ina
3727
2143
1891
2062
2309
Mas
sach
uset
ts33
9723
8222
4523
8825
95
N.A
.Not
Ava
ilabl
e.
10
-
Tab
le 3
.C
ompa
riso
n of
Edu
catio
nof
Per
sons
21
Yrs
. of
Age
and
Ove
r fo
r H
ouse
hold
s th
at W
ere
Exa
min
ed w
ith H
ouse
hold
s th
at W
ere
Not
Exa
min
ed in
Nut
ritio
n Su
rvey
sby
Sta
te a
nd N
ew Y
ork
City
,19
68-1
970
(Pre
limin
ary)
Stat
eT
ot a
lN
um
ber
Indi
v id
uals
A E
duca
tion
ofPe
rson
s 21
and
Ove
r (P
erce
nt)
.
Non
e4t
h G
rade
or L
ess
5th
thrn
8th
Gra
de9t
h th
ru12
th G
rade
Post
Hig
hSc
hool
Col
lege
Oth
er
N.Y
. (U
p-St
ate)
Exa
min
ed20
470.
73.
324
.852
.84.
213
.70.
2
Not
Exa
m.
1765
0.7
2.8
27.0
55.2
3.5
10.0
0.5
Ken
tuck
yE
xam
ined
1642
2.5
15.6
46.1
28.8
1.0
5.1
0.4
Not
Exa
m.
873
2.7
12.4
46.7
30.5
1.1
5.7
0.5
Mic
higa
nE
xam
ined
1344
0.7
4.7
24.7
53.6
3.1
12.9
0.0
Not
Exa
m.
1570
1.2
4.8
24.4
58.0
2.1
9.4
0.3
N.Y
. City
bcam
ined
1139
4.0
9.9
26.5
43.7
2.5
12.6
0.6
Not
Exa
m.
1176
3.9
6.7
25.6
49.6
2.3
11.3
0.2
W. V
irgi
nia
Exa
min
ed11
841.
66.
137
.838
.51.
813
.60.
5
Not
Exa
m.
1582
1.7
6.1
37.4
44.3
2.1
8.4
0.1
Cal
ifor
nia
Exa
min
ed35
313.
310
.921
.241
.72.
919
.40.
0
Not
Exa
m.
3403
2.2
7.9
21.2
49.0
2.8
15.6
0.9
Was
hing
ton
Exa
min
ed31
721.
01.
918
.651
.94.
022
.30.
0
Not
Exa
m.
1079
0.9
2.6
20.3
55.0
4.8
16.1
0.0
Sout
h C
arol
ina
Exa
min
ed21
384.
720
.236
.935
.80.
61.
60.
0
Not
Exa
m.
1822
5.7
16.6
34.7
36.8
0.7
4.8
0.3
Mus
achu
setta
Exa
min
ed26
128.
96.
620
.149
.53.
815
20.
4
Not
gum
.24
582.
64.
521
.153
.24.
313
.70.
2
NO
TE
: The
des
igna
tion
EX
AM
INE
Dre
flec
ts a
ll pe
rson
s in
hou
seho
lds
with
any
clin
ic p
artic
ipat
ion,
thou
gh s
ome
indi
vidu
als
with
in th
ese
hous
ehol
ds d
id n
ot a
ttend
clin
ic a
nd w
ere
not e
xam
ined
. Als
o th
eto
tals
in th
is ta
ble
are
belo
wth
ein
tabl
e 1
due
to th
e lo
ss o
f so
me
indi
vidu
als
in th
e pr
oces
s of
editi
ng f
or
disc
repa
ncie
s.5
-
6
Tab
le 4
.C
ompa
riso
n of
Per
sons
by
Age
Gro
up B
reak
dow
ns f
orH
ouse
hold
s th
at W
ere
Exa
min
ed w
ith H
ouse
hold
s th
at W
ere
Not
Exa
min
el
in N
utri
tion
Surv
eys
by S
tate
and
New
Yor
kC
ity, 1
968-
1970
(Pre
limin
ary)
Stat
eT
otal
Num
ber
Indi
vidu
als
<6
6-9
N.Y
. (U
p-St
ate)
Exa
min
ed38
8612
.910
.7
Not
Exa
m.
3091
12.3
9.3
Ken
tuck
yE
xam
ined
2196
14.0
11.1
Not
Exa
m.
1758
12.5
9.3
Mic
higa
nE
xam
ined
3118
13.9
13.3
Not
Exa
m.
3222
16.1
10.2
N.Y
. City
Exa
min
ed24
6515
.311
.4
Not
Exa
m.
2408
15.7
10.8
W. V
irgi
nia
Exa
min
ed22
6311
.49.
9
Not
Exa
m.
2888
11.9
8.9
Cal
ifor
nia
Exa
min
ed75
9215
.111
.9
Not
Exa
m.
5617
11.6
7.0
Was
hing
ton
Exa
min
ed66
1514
.411
.8
Not
Exa
m.
2548
13.2
8.4
Sout
h C
arol
ina
Exa
min
ed59
3917
.713
.2
Not
Exa
m.
3764
13.0
8.8
Mas
sach
uset
tsE
xam
ined
5815
14.5
12.9
Not
Exa
m.
4586
13.3
8.6
12
Age
Gro
ups
(Per
cent
)
10-1
617
-49
50-5
960
+U
nk.
16.3
38.6
9.3
12.0
0.1
12.8
38.3
9.9
16.9
1.5
18.8
33.0
9.2
13.3
0.6
15.2
37.7
9 1
13.8
2.4
21.8
34.7
6.0
10.2
0.1
16.4
37.9
7.9
10.9
0.5
18.7
40.3
7.3
6.3
0.7
15.6
41,7
6.1
7.7
9.3
19.1
37.1
9.1
13.4
16.4
41.1
8.2
13.4
^
17.8
38.4
6.7
10.1
11.3
41.6
7.9
20.6
0.0
16.7
38.8
6.1
11.0
1.1
12.9
42.9
6.9
12.6
3.1
23.9
30.3
6.5
7.7
0.6
16.8
35.7
8.1
12.3
5.4
18.9
39.8
6.2
7.3
0.4
14.0
43.1
8.3
11.4
1.9
Vf/
TE
: The
des
igna
tion
EX
AM
INE
D r
efle
cts
all p
erso
nsin
hou
seho
lds
with
aniv
:clin
ic p
artic
ipat
ion,
thou
gh s
ome
indi
vidu
als
with
in th
ese
hous
ehol
dsdi
d no
t atte
nd
clin
ic a
nd w
ere
not e
xam
ined
. Als
o th
eto
tals
in th
is ta
ble
are
belo
w th
eto
tals
in ta
ble
1 du
e to
the
loss
of s
ome
indi
vidu
als
in th
e pr
oces
sof
edi
ting
for
disc
repa
ncie
s.
-
Tab
le 5
.C
ompa
riso
n of
Per
sons
in E
thni
cG
roup
s fo
r H
ouse
hold
s th
at W
ere
Exa
min
edw
ith H
ouse
hold
s th
at W
ere
Not
Exa
min
ed in
Nut
ritio
n Su
rvey
s by
Sta
te a
nd N
ewY
ork
City
, 196
8-19
70 (
Prel
imin
ary)
Stat
eT
otal
Num
ber
Indi
vidu
als
Eth
nic
Gro
ups
(Per
cent
)
Whi
te*
Neg
roSp
anis
hA
mer
ican
Ori
enta
lA
mer
ican
Indi
anU
nkno
wn
N.Y
. (U
p-St
ate)
Exa
min
ed3
679
.217
.91.
80.
10.
50.
5
Not
Exa
m.
3091
78.7
19.0
1.4
0.2
0.6
0.1
Ken
tuck
yE
xam
ined
2196
75.0
23.0
0.0
2.0
Not
Exa
m.
1758
78.4
15.5
6.1
Mic
higa
nE
xam
ined
3118
49.8
49.0
0.4
0.5
0.3
Not
Exa
m.
3222
50.3
46.8
0.3
0.2
1.8
0.6
N.Y
. Cha
rE
xam
ined
2465
12.9
42.1
35.1
2.1
7.7
Not
Exa
m.
2408
15.0
43.5
35.3
1.5
0.0
4.7
W. V
irgi
nia
Exa
min
ed22
6388
.511
.20.
00.
3
Not
Exa
m.
2888
90.4
9.5
0.1
Cal
ifor
nia
Exa
min
ed75
9289
.116
.536
.55.
41.
80.
6
Not
Exa
m.
5617
48.3
20.7
25.7
4.1
0.3
0.8
Was
hing
ton
Exa
min
ed66
1580
.43.
71.
81.
710
.12.
3
Not
Exa
m.
2548
78.3
8.5
0.9
0.9
8.7
4.6
Sout
h C
arol
ina
Exa
min
ed59
394.
894
.70.
30.
2
Not
Exa
m.
3764
13.0
86.2
0.1
0.1
0.5
Mas
sach
uset
tsE
xam
ined
5815
79.2
14.3
4.5
0.5
1.5
Not
Exa
m.
4586
83.6
12.6
2.8
0.2
0.8
*Exc
ludi
ng S
pani
sh A
mer
ican
Whi
te.
NO
TE
: The
des
igna
tion
EX
AM
INE
D r
efle
cts
all p
erso
ns in
hou
seho
lds
with
any
clin
icpa
rtic
ipat
ion,
thou
gh s
ome
indi
vidu
als
with
in th
ese
hous
ehol
ds d
id n
ot a
ttend
clin
ic a
nd w
ere
not e
xam
ined
. Als
oth
e to
tals
in th
is ta
ble
are
belo
w th
eto
tals
in ta
ble
1 du
e to
the
loss
of
som
ein
divi
dual
s in
the
proc
ess
of e
ditin
g fo
r
disc
repa
ncie
s.
-
8
Tab
le 6
.C
ompa
riso
n of
Per
sons
in I
ncom
e G
roup
s fo
rH
ouse
hold
s th
at W
ere
Exa
min
ed w
ith H
ouse
hold
s th
atW
ere
Not
Exa
min
ed in
Nut
ritio
n Su
rvey
s by
Stat
e an
d N
ew Y
ork
City
,19
68-1
970
(Pre
limin
ary)
Inco
me
Gro
ups
(Per
cent
)
Stat
eT
otal
Num
ber
Hoi
is e
hol
ds$0
4999
2000
-339
940
00-5
999
6000
-799
980
00-9
999
10,0
00-1
1,99
912
,000
+
N.Y
. (U
p-St
ate)
Exa
min
ed10
2712
.718
.017
.716
.613
.48.
513
.1
Not
Exa
m.
11In
suff
icie
nt n
umbe
r to
com
pare
Ken
tuck
yE
xam
ined
513
35.9
34.7
13.1
9.7
4.1
1.0
1.6
Not
Exa
m.
7In
suff
icie
nt n
umbe
r to
com
pare
Mic
higa
nE
xam
ined
631
18.4
18.9
19.3
15.7
10.1
7.6
10.0
Not
Exa
m.
707
17.0
20.4
15.0
20.1
13.2
6.8
7.6
N.Y
. City
Exa
min
ed.
609
15.8
29.1
29.7
15.3
5.9
1.8
2.5
Not
Exa
m.
574
13.6
30.8
27.7
15.0
6.3
2.8
3.8
W. V
irgi
nia
Exa
min
ed49
330
.025
.816
.215
.07.
51.
63.
9
Not
Exa
m.
146
37.0
28.1
18.5
8.2
4.8
2.1
1.4
Cal
ifor
nia
Exa
min
ed17
4212
.626
.321
.216
.58.
95.
29.
2
Not
Exa
m.
428
17,1
26.4
15.7
16.4
8.9
5.4
10.3
Was
hing
ton
Exa
min
ed17
1825
.317
.013
.115
.111
.47.
910
.2
Not
Exa
m.
9930
.316
.214
.15.
110
.110
.114
.1
Sout
h C
arol
ina
Exa
min
ed10
3545
.734
.714
.12.
72.
10.
50.
2
Not
Exa
m.
41In
suff
icie
nt n
umbe
r to
com
pare
Mas
sach
uset
tsE
xam
ined
1404
12.3
19.4
18.7
18.2
12.5
8.0
10.9
Not
Exa
m.
207
32.9
22.2
11-1
14.0
14.5
5.8
4.3
6.3
NO
TE
: The
des
igna
tion
EX
AM
INE
Dre
flec
ts a
ll pe
rson
s in
hou
seho
lds
with
any
clin
icpa
rtic
ipat
ion,
thou
gh s
ome
indi
vidu
iis w
ithin
thes
eho
useh
olds
did
not
atte
nd
clin
ic a
nd w
ere
not e
xam
ined
.A
lso
the
tota
ls in
this
tabl
e ar
e be
low
the
tota
lsin
tabl
e 1
due
to th
e lo
ssof
som
e in
divi
dual
s in
the
proc
ess
of e
ditin
g fo
r
disc
repa
ncie
s.
-
Tab
le 7
.M
ean
Pove
rty
Inde
xR
atio
and
Dis
trib
utio
nof
Per
sons
Bel
ow a
ndA
bove
the
Pove
rty
Lev
el f
or T
enSt
ates
and
New
Yor
k C
ity
Nut
ritio
n Su
rvey
s.19
68-1
970
(Pre
limin
ary)
-
Stat
eT
otal
Indi
vidu
als
with
Kno
wn
PIR
Mea
nPI
R
Stan
dard
!Po
vert
y In
com
e R
atio
Dev
iatio
nfr
omB
elow
Pov
erty
Abo
ve P
over
ty
Mea
nPI
RN
umbe
rPe
rcen
tN
umbe
rPe
rcen
t
Tex
as96
5L
i0.
758
760
.837
839
.2
Lou
isia
na65
91.
4N
.A.
306
46.4
353
53.6
New
Yor
k St
ate
1044
1.9
0.8
188
18.0
856
82.0
Ken
tuck
y55
41.
21.
232
057
.823
442
.2
Mic
higa
n14
331.
81.
546
332
.497
067
.6
New
Yor
k C
ity11
821.
60.
833
328
.284
971
.8
Wes
t Vir
gini
aG
371.
40.
926
143
.034
657
.0
Cal
ifor
nia
2148
1.9
0.9
446
20.8
702
79.2
Was
hing
ton
1645
1.8
0.9
440
26.8
125
73.2
Sout
h C
arol
ina
1057
0.8
0.6
800
75.7
257
24.3
Mas
sach
uset
ts15
371.
90.
932
521
.112
1278
.9
N.A
.-N
ot A
vaila
ble.
15
-
10
III.
BIO
CH
EM
IST
RY
A. H
EM
OG
LO
BIN
The
mea
sure
men
t of
the
amou
nt o
fhe
mog
lobi
n in
blo
od is
one
way
of
asse
ssin
g th
e st
atus
of
iron
nut
ritu
re in
indi
vidu
als.
The
dat
a re
gard
ing
hem
oglo
bin
leve
ls in
the
popu
latio
ns s
urve
yed
are
pres
ente
d in
Tab
les
8A-
8E. T
he le
vels
of
hem
oglo
bin
used
inde
term
inin
g de
fici
ent a
nd lo
wle
vels
are
pres
ente
d in
Tab
le 8
A.
The
cut
off
leve
l for
"de
fici
ent"
is s
etin
suc
h a
way
that
mos
tau
thor
ities
wou
ld a
ccep
t the
se v
alue
s as
abno
rmal
; the
cut
off
leve
l for
"lo
w"
is o
pen
to m
ore
vari
atio
nin
inte
rpre
tatio
n an
dge
nera
lly
repr
esen
ts a
bor
derl
ine
situ
atio
n.It
is c
lear
fro
m T
able
s 8.
L a
nd 8
B th
at in
all a
reas
indi
vidu
als
livin
g be
low
the
pove
rty
leve
l hav
e gr
eate
r pr
oble
ms
of ir
on n
utri
ture
than
indi
vidu
als
livin
g ab
ove
the
pove
rty
leve
l. A
gain
, one
shou
ld b
e ve
ry c
aref
ul, h
owev
er,
in c
ompa
ring
per
cent
ages
fro
m s
tate
tost
ate
beca
use
of th
e w
idel
ydi
ffer
ent
perc
enta
ge o
f in
divi
dual
s ex
amin
ed w
ho a
rein
the
pove
rty
grou
p.In
Tab
le 8
C th
e da
ta s
ugge
st th
at m
ales
as
a gr
oup
have
a h
ighe
r %
of d
efic
ienc
y th
an f
emal
es. T
hese
diff
eren
ces
may
be
due
to th
e us
eof
inap
prop
riat
e st
anda
rds
for
mal
es a
nd w
illbe
rev
ised
if f
urth
er c
onsu
lta-
tion
and
inve
stig
atio
n re
veal
the
need
for
such
a r
evis
ion.
It is
evi
dent
fro
m T
able
8D
that
the
grou
pat
gre
ates
t ris
k fo
r ha
ving
a hi
gh p
reva
lenc
e of
prob
able
iron
-def
icie
ncy
anem
ia a
rech
ildre
n un
der
the
age
of 6
. It i
s al
so c
lear
fro
m th
ese
data
that
the
elde
rly
segm
ent o
f th
epo
pula
tions
stu
died
are
als
o at
hig
h ri
sk in
this
reg
ard.
In a
ll st
ates
the
min
ority
gro
ups
in th
epo
pula
tions
sur
veye
d ha
ve a
subs
tant
ially
hig
her
prev
alen
ce o
f ab
norm
alhe
mog
lobi
n le
vels
than
the
whi
te p
opul
atio
ns.
A r
evie
w o
f th
ese
data
on
hem
oglo
bin
leve
ls s
ugge
sts
that
pos
sibl
e ir
on-
defi
cien
cy a
nem
ia is
a m
ajor
pro
blem
inm
ost s
egm
ents
of
the
popu
la-
tions
sur
veye
d. A
ny m
easu
res
desi
gned
toal
levi
ate
this
pro
blem
sho
uld
be d
irec
ted
at a
ll se
gmen
ts o
f ou
rpo
pula
tion
with
em
phas
is o
n th
e po
or,
the
min
ority
gro
ups
amon
g us
, chi
ldre
n,an
d el
derl
y in
divi
dual
s. F
igur
esla
lf g
raph
ical
ly p
ortr
ay th
e fi
ndin
gspr
esen
ted
in T
able
s 8A
-8E
.
-
Tab
le S
A.
Com
pari
son
of N
umbe
r,Pe
rcen
t Def
icie
nt, a
ndye
rcen
tD
efic
ient
and
/or
Low
Bet
wee
n Pe
rson
sB
elow
Pov
erty
with
Per
sons
Abo
ve
Pove
rty
for
Sele
cted
Bio
chem
ical
by
Tea
Sta
tes
and
New
Yor
k C
ity N
utri
tion
Surv
eys,
196
8-19
70 (
Prel
imin
ary)
HE
MO
GL
OB
IN
Bel
ow P
over
tyA
bove
Pov
erty
Stat
eN
umbe
rfi
c D
efic
ient
'%
Def
icie
ntan
d L
owN
umbe
r5.
Def
icie
nt 1
% D
efic
ient
and
Low
Tot
al10
629
5.0
25.1
1464
71.
512
.6
Tex
as17
77N
.A.
20.4
921
N.A
.15
.8
Lou
isia
na12
02N
A.
38.9
675
N.A
.29
.,
New
Yor
k St
ate
442
2.7
15.4
2064
1.2
9.3
Ken
tuck
y68
14.
721
.147
72.
515
.5
Mic
higa
n47
83.
120
.711
421.
315
.7
New
Yor
k C
ity56
74.
219
.910
612.
115
.9
Wes
t Vir
gini
a48
01.
514
.461
61.
410
.3
Cal
ifor
nia
1107
1.7
11.5
2954
1.2
9.4
Was
hing
ton
379
1.3
13.5
1320
0.7
,7.
5
Sout
h C
arol
ina
2868
.t.8
38.3
705
5.7
,31
.1
Mas
sach
uset
ts64
82.
611
.127
121.
18.
3
NA
.-N
ot A
vaila
ble.
1 T
exas
and
Lou
isia
na e
xclu
ded.
Hem
oglo
bin
Def
icie
nt a
nd L
owSt
anda
rds
(ern
/100
ml)
Def
icie
ntL
owA
ccep
tabl
e
6-23
mon
ths
<9.
09.
0-9.
9--
--10
.0
2-5
year
s<
10.0
10.0
-10.
9...
-11.
0
6-12
yea
rs<
10.0
10.0
-11.
411
.5
13-1
6 m
ale
<12
.012
.0-1
2.9
---1
3.0
13-1
6 fe
mal
e<
10.0
10.0
-11.
4...
..11.
5
>16
mal
e<
12.0
12.0
-13.
9_.
14.0
>16
fem
ale
.<10
.010
.0-1
1.9
...-1
2.0
Preg
nant
, 3rd
. Tri
mes
ter
i<
9.5
9.5-
10.9
...-1
1.0
1 1
-
1 2
Tab
le 8
B.
Com
pari
son
of N
umbe
r,Pe
rcen
t Def
icie
nt, a
ndPe
rcen
t Def
icie
ntan
d/or
Low
Bet
wee
n Po
vert
yIn
com
e R
atio
Gro
ups
for
Sele
cted
Bio
chem
ical
by
Ten
Sta
tes
and
New
Yor
k C
ityN
utri
tion
Surv
eys,
1968
-197
0 (P
relim
inar
y)
HE
MO
GL
OB
IN Pove
rty
Inco
me
Rat
io
<1.
001.
00-1
.49
1.50
-1.9
9
Stat
e
Num
-be
rD
efi-
dent
2
Def
i-de
ntan
dL
ow
Num
-be
r
Tot
al10
629
5.0
25.1
4815
Tex
as17
77N
.A.
20.4
476
Lou
isia
na12
02N
.A.
38.9
62
New
Yor
k St
ate
442
2.7
15.4
418
Ken
tuck
y68
14.
721
.122
4
Mic
higa
n47
83.
120
.734
1
New
Yor
k C
ity56
74.
219
.959
0
Wes
t Vir
gini
a48
01.
514
.425
5
Cal
ifor
nia
1107
1.7
11.5
955
Was
hing
ton
379
1.3
13.5
262
Sout
h C
arol
ina
2868
8.8
38.3
456
Mas
sach
uset
ts64
82.
611
.177
6
N.A
.-N
ot A
vaila
ble.
1 In
terp
ret I
A 2
.00
and
over
for
Tex
as a
nd L
ouis
iana
.
' Tex
as a
nd L
ouis
iana
excl
uded
.
2.00
-2.4
9 1
2.50
and
Ove
r
Def
i-D
efi-
cien
tde
nt 2
and
Low
Num
-be
r
2.6
15.3
2997
N.A
.16
.223
0
N.A
.33
.912
3
2.2
12.7
364
2.2
18.3
97
2.3
18.7
265
2.2
17.7
220
1.3
8.0
130
2.4
10.1
627
1.1
11.4
319
6.4
35.1
145
2.1
8.9
477
Hem
oglo
bin
Def
icie
nt a
nd L
owSt
anda
rds
(gm
/100
ml)
Def
icie
nt
6-23
mon
ths
2-5
year
s
6-12
yea
rs
13-1
6 m
ale
13-1
6 fe
mal
e18
>16
mal
e
>16
fem
ale
Preg
nant
, 3rd
. Tri
mes
ter
% Def
i-ci
ent 2
Def
i-ci
ent
and
Low
Num
-Def
i-be
rde
nt 2
Def
i-ci
ent
and
Low
Num
-be
r
%D
efi-
dent
2
Def
i-de
ntan
dL
ow
1.0
12.5
2737
1.4
13.7
4098
0.8
8.9
N.A
.17
.821
5N
.A.
1 2.
6N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.39
.049
0N
.A.
26.5
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
0.5
9.3
353
1.1
9.9
929
1.0
7.5
4.1
15.4
551.
812
.710
12.
010
.9
0.0
12.8
207
2.4
19.8
329
0.6
12.5
0.9
14.1
103
3.9
19.4
148
2.0
8.8
1.5
10.7
102
1.0
5.9
129
1.6
1 7.
9
0.8
8.5
408
1.0
10.6
964
0.5
8.8
0.3
6.6
208
1.0
6.8
531
0.6
6.4
3.4
28.2
619.
826
.243
0.0
27.9
1.1
8.7
535
0.4
6.9
924
0.7
8.4
Low
Acc
epta
ble
<9.
09.
0-9.
9--
-10.
0
<10
.010
.0-1
0.9
---1
1.0
<10
.010
.0-1
1.4
._-1
1.5
<12
.012
.0-1
2.9
._-1
3.0
<10
.010
.0-1
1.4
._--
11.5
<12
.012
.0-1
3.9
__-1
4.0
<10
.010
.0-1
1.9
_.1
2.0
<9.
59.
5-10
.9__
.11.
0
-
Tab
le 8
C.
Com
pari
son
of N
umbe
r,Pe
rcen
t Def
icie
nt, a
nd f
esce
ntD
efic
ient
and
/or
Low
Bet
wee
nSe
xes
for
Sele
cted
Bio
chem
ical
by T
en
Stat
es a
nd N
ew Y
ork
City
Nut
ritio
n Su
rvey
s,40
68-1
970
(Pre
limin
ary)
HE
MO
GL
OB
IN
Mal
eFe
mal
e
Stat
eN
umbe
r%
Def
icie
nt%
Def
icie
ntan
d L
owN
umbe
r5-
Def
icie
nt'
% D
efic
ient
and
Low
Tot
al13
159
3.5
22.0
1742
32.
216
.9
Tex
as13
71N
.A.
21.2
1880
N.A
.17
.6
Lou
isia
na18
06N
.A.
42.0
2539
N.A
.35
.7
New
Yor
k St
ate
1277
2.3
12.8
1446
0.9
8.0
Ken
tuck
y56
85.
623
.268
82.
315
.6
Mic
higa
n79
72.
921
.610
991.
216
.4
New
Yor
k C
ity78
02.
817
.210
862.
316
.9
Wes
t Vir
gini
a54
02.
016
.975
20.
99.
6
Cal
ifor
nia
1986
2.0
11.7
2711
1.3
9.2
Was
hing
ton
900
0.7
10.4
1097
0.8
7.8
Sout
h C
arol
ina
1550
9.9
42.8
2183
6.8
33.0
Mas
sach
uset
ts15
841.
810
.719
420.
97.
8
N.A
.-N
ot A
vaila
ble.
1 E
xclu
des
Tex
as a
ndL
ouis
iana
.
Hem
oglo
bin
Def
icie
nt a
nd L
ow S
tand
ards
(gm
/100
ml)
Def
icie
ntL
owA
ccep
tabl
e
6-23
mon
ths
<9.
09.
0-9.
9
2-5
year
ti<
10.0
10.0
-10.
9
6-12
yea
rs<
10.0
10.0
-11.
4
13-1
6 m
ale
<12
.012
.0-1
2.9
13-1
6 fe
mal
e<
10.0
10.0
-11.
4
>16
mal
e<
12.0
12.0
-13.
9
>16
fem
ale
<10
.010
.0-1
1.9
Preg
nant
, 3rd
. Tri
mes
ter
9.5-
10.9
13
-
14
Tab
le 8
D.
Com
pari
son
of N
umbe
r, P
erce
ntD
efic
ient
, and
Per
cent
Def
icie
nt a
nd/o
r L
ow B
etw
een
Age
Gro
ups
for
Sele
cted
Bio
chem
ical
by
Eig
ht S
tate
s an
d N
ew Y
ork
City
Nut
ritio
nSu
rvey
s, 1
968-
1970
(Pr
elim
inar
y)
HE
MO
GL
OB
IN
Stat
e
Age
Gro
ups
<6
6-9
10-1
617
-49
50-5
960
Yrs
. and
Ove
r
Num
-be
r
Def
i-D
efi-
dent
dent
and
Low
Num
-bs
r
tie%
Def
i-D
efi-
cien
tci
ent
and
Low
Num
-be
r
%D
e&D
efi-
dent
dent
and
Low
Num
-be
r%
Def
i-D
efi-
cien
tci
ent
and
Low
Num
-be
r
tioD
efi-
Def
i-ci
ent
dent
and
Low
Num
-be
r
%D
efi-
Def
i-de
ntde
ntan
dL
ow
Tot
al26
367.
720
.032
881.
315
.550
322.
814
.380
331.
815
.717
452.
015
.325
252.
718
.5
New
Yor
k St
ate
302
6.6
20.2
339
0.0
6.5
486
1.6
7.2
1035
0.4
9.8
277
0.7
9.4
366
2.5
13.2
Ken
tuck
y18
39.
326
.216
40.
013
.423
92.
913
.435
22.
319
.612
02.
519
.219
76.
622
.8
Mic
higa
n11
52.
610
.432
,50.
919
.451
52.
917
.158
21.
419
.312
20.
816
.425
02.
823
.2
New
Yor
k C
ity30
16.
319
.925
51.
215
.738
82.
613
.969
31.
016
.912
15.
017
.412
41.
621
.8
Wes
t Vir
gini
a10
11.
06.
918
60.
510
.225
42.
49.
543
1.1
..614
.612
40.
812
.120
01.
518
.0
Cal
ifor
nia
565
5.7
14.7
654
0.2
6.5
924
1.4
8.3
1742
0.9
10.4
346
1.4
13.2
553
1.4
12.2
Was
hing
ton
122
0.0
2.5
275
0.0
3.6
427
0.5
6.8
804
1.2
11.0
161
0,6
9.3
257
1.2
14.8
Sout
h C
arol
ina
562
16.5
35.7
592
5.9
44.2
1082
6.6
31.0
1006
6.6
38.4
226
6.6
36.2
280
7.9
42.5
Mas
sach
uset
ts38
54.
413
.849
80.
06.
071
71.
46.
313
881.
210
.424
80.
47.
729
80.
09.
4
Hem
oglo
bin
Def
icie
nt a
nd L
ow S
tand
ards
(gm
/100
ml)
Def
icie
ntL
owA
ccep
tabl
e
6-23
mon
ths
<9.
09.
0-9.
9..1
0.0
2-5
year
s<
10.0
10.0
-10.
9,..
11.0
6-12
yea
rs<
10.0
10.0
-11.
4.1
1.5
13-1
6 m
ale
<12
.012
.0-1
2.9
.13.
0
13-1
6 fe
mal
e<
10.0
10.0
-11.
4...
11.5
>16
mal
e<
12.0
12.0
-13.
9...
.14.
0
>16
fem
ale
<10
.010
.0-1
1.9
:-,-
12.0
Preg
nant
, 3rd
. Tri
mes
ter
<9.
59.
5-10
.9_.
._11
.0
-
Tab
le 8
E.
Com
pari
son
of N
umbe
r,Pe
rcen
t Def
icie
nt, a
nd P
erce
ntD
efic
ient
and
/or
Low
Bet
wee
nE
thni
c G
roup
s fo
r Se
lect
ed B
ioch
emic
al b
y
Ten
Sta
tes
and
New
Yor
k C
ity N
utri
tion
Surv
eyk
1168
4970
(Pr
elim
inar
y)
HE
MO
GL
OB
IN
Whi
teN
egro
Span
ish
Am
eric
anO
rien
tals
Am
eric
an I
ndia
n
Stat
eN
um-D
efi-
Num
-Def
i-N
um-
ber
Def
i-ci
ent
ber
Def
i-ci
ent
ber
cien
t'an
dci
ent
and
Low
Low
Def
i-ci
ent =
Def
i-ci
ent
and
Low
Num
-Def
i-be
rci
ent'
Def
i-ci
ent
and
Low
Num
,be
rD
efi-
cien
t'
Def
i-ci
ent
and
Low
Tot
al14
219
1.2
10.9
1149
15.
8.3
2.7
4695
1.6
14.6
298
1.4
10.4
385
1.6
18.2
Tex
as36
4N
A.
8.8
1185
N.A
.20
.817
02N
.A.
20.2
Lou
isia
na13
86N
.A.
29.9
2959
N.A
.42
.3
New
Yor
k St
ate
2261
1.1
8.0
462
3.7
21.7
621.
616
.1
Ken
tuck
y94
83.
916
.630
83.
626
.7
Mic
higa
n10
080.
68.
488
83.
430
.1
New
Yor
k C
ity23
51.
79.
483
13.
022
.980
02.
313
.219
0.0
10.5
Wes
t Vir
gini
a11
581.
212
.313
43.
715
.6
Cal
ifor
nia
200
1.1
7.8
715
4.1
21.9
1653
1.0
8.6
239
1.3
10.5
871.
117
.2
Was
hing
ton
1638
0.6
6A61
0.0
32.8
240.
00.
027
3.7
14.8
298
1.7
18.5
Sout
h C
arol
ina
174
2.9
19.0
3559
8.3
37.9
Mas
sach
uset
ts29
571.
07.
238
93.
120
.718
03.
415
.113
0.0
0.0
NA
.-N
ot A
vaila
ble.
Exc
lude
s T
exas
and
Lou
isia
na.
' Exc
lude
s T
exas
.
Hem
oglo
bin
Def
icie
nt a
nd L
ow S
tand
ards
(gm
/100
w.1
)
Def
icie
ntL
owA
ccep
tabl
e
6-23
mon
ths
<9.
0
2-5
year
s<
10.0
6-12
yea
rs<
10.0
13-1
6 m
ale
<12
.0
13-1
6 fe
mal
e<
10.0
>16
mal
e<
12.0
>16
fem
ale
<10
.0
Preg
nant
, 3rd
. Tri
mes
ter
219.
5
9,0-
9.9
10.0
-10.
9
10.0
-11.
4
12.0
-12.
9
10.0
-11.
4
12.0
-13.
9
10.0
-11.
9
9.5-
10.9
15
-
Fig
ure
la -
Per
cent
of P
erso
ns W
ith D
efic
ient
Hem
oglo
bin
by P
over
ty m
com
eR
atio
in E
ight
Sta
tes
and
New
Yor
k C
ity N
utrit
ion
Sur
veis
, 196
8-19
70(P
relim
inar
y)
10
9- 8 7-
Com
bine
d<
too
Not
e: T
exas
and
Lou
isia
na a
re e
xclu
ded
1.00
-1.4
91.
50-1
.99
2.00
-2.4
9
PO
VE
RT
Y IN
CO
ME
RA
TIO
22
2.50
+U
nkno
wn
16
-
Fig
ure
lb -
Per
cent
of P
erso
ns W
ithD
efic
ient
and
/or
Low
Hem
oglo
bin
by P
over
ty In
com
e R
atio
inT
en
Sta
tes
and
New
Yor
k C
ityN
utrit
ion
Sur
veys
, 196
8-19
70(P
relim
inar
y)
50 45 40 35 30
Ui
c.)
25 -
cc tu a.
20-4
15 10
5 0
19.6
25.1
15.3
12.5
Com
bine
d<
1.00
13.7
8.9
27.3
1224
91.
50-1
.99
2.00
-2.4
9
PO
VE
RT
Y IN
CO
ME
RA
TIO
2.50
+U
nkno
wn
17
-
10 9 8 7 6 4 3
2 1 01
11
Tex
.La
.N
.Y.S
.K
y.M
ich.
N.Y
.C.
W. V
a.C
alif.
ST
AT
ES
and
New
Yor
k C
ity
Fig
ure
lc -
Per
cent
of
Per
sons
in th
e B
dow
and
Abo
veP
over
ty G
roup
s W
ith D
efic
ient
Hem
oglo
bin
by T
en S
tate
s ar
k: N
ew Y
ork
City
Nut
ritio
n S
urve
ys, 1
968-
1970
(Pre
limin
ary)
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.7
4.7
8.8
2.6
18
1.3
1.2
1.2
24P
erce
nt B
elow
Pov
erty
Lev
el
Per
cent
Abo
ve P
over
ty L
evel
-
Fig
ure
ld -
Per
cent
of P
erso
ns in
the
Bel
ow a
ndA
bove
Pov
erty
Gro
ups
With
Def
icie
ntan
d/or
Low
Hem
o
50
-
glob
in b
y T
en S
tate
san
d N
ewcY
ftrk
City
Nut
ritio
n S
urve
ys,
1968
-197
0 (P
relim
inar
y)
45 40-1
38.9
35 3029
5
25
20.4
2015
215
.4
21.1
20.7
19.9
15.5
15.7
15 10 5
14A
13.5
38 3
31.1
11.5
10.3
9.3
9.4
8.3
Tex
.La
.N
.Y.S
.K
y.M
ich.
N.Y
.C.
W. V
a.C
al.
Was
h.S
.C.
Mas
s.
ST
AT
ES
and
New
Yor
k C
ity 2511
11 P
erce
nt B
elow
Pov
erty
Lev
el
EP
erce
nt A
bove
Pov
erty
Lev
el
19
-
Fig
ure
le -
Per
cent
of P
erso
ns W
ithD
efic
ient
Hem
oglo
bin
by W
hite
and
Neg
ro B
reak
dow
n in
Ten
Sta
tes
and
New
Yor
k C
ity N
utrit
ion
Sur
veys
, 196
8197
0(P
relim
inar
y)
8.3
1.0
3.1
II
VT
ex.
La.
N.Y
.S.
Ky.
Mic
h.N
.Y.C
.W
. Va.
ST
AT
ES
and
New
Yol
k C
ity
Cal
if.W
ash.
Whi
te
[3N
egro
S.C
.M
ass.
20
-
50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10
5 0
Fig
ure
1f -
Per
cent
of
Per
sons
With
Def
icie
ntan
d/or
Low
Hem
oglo
bin
byW
hite
and
Neg
ro B
reak
dow
n in
Ten
Sta
tes
and
New
Yor
k C
ity N
utrit
ion
Sur
veys
, 196
8-19
70 (
Pre
limin
ary)
42.3
37.9
N.Y
.S.
Ky.
Mic
h.N
.Y.C
.W
. Va.
Cal
if.W
ash.
S.C
.M
ass.
ST
AT
ES
and
New
Yor
k C
ity
27
IIIW
hite
Neg
ro
21
-
28
22
B.
VIT
AM
IN A
The
mat
eria
l on
plas
ma
vita
min
A le
vels
is p
rese
nted
in T
able
s 9A
-9E
.In
eva
luat
ing
thes
e da
ta o
ne s
houl
dbe
ar in
min
d th
at th
e ex
amin
atio
nsw
ere
perf
orm
ed d
urin
gdi
ffer
ent s
easo
ns in
dif
fere
nt a
reas
.T
he in
con-
sist
enci
es th
at a
ppea
r be
twee
n st
ates
may
rela
te to
sea
sona
l ava
ilabi
lity
of f
ood
sour
ces
of v
itam
in A
and
may
not,
ther
efor
e, r
epre
sent
rea
lde
fi-
cien
cies
.T
he d
ata
for
New
Yor
k St
ate
are
not
pres
ente
d be
caus
e of
rep
ortin
gdi
ffic
ultie
s w
h:Ph
will
be
corr
ecte
d pr
ior
to th
epr
epar
atio
n of
fin
al r
epor
ts.
A s
imila
r re
latio
nshi
p be
twee
n po
vert
yan
d ev
iden
ce o
f po
ssib
le v
itam
inA
und
ernu
triti
on is
see
n as
with
hem
oglo
bin.
The
se d
iffe
renc
es a
re n
ot a
scl
ear
cut a
s w
ith h
emog
lobi
n an
d su
gges
tth
at th
e re
latio
nshi
p be
twee
nvi
tam
in A
nut
ritio
n an
d so
cio-
econ
omic
sta
tus
is n
ot a
s st
rong
as
betw
een
iron
nut
ritio
n an
d so
cio-
econ
omic
sta
tus.
Thi
s fa
ct s
houl
d be
take
n in
toac
coun
t in
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f pr
ogra
mac
tiviti
es d
irec
ted
tow
ards
the
im-
prov
emen
t of
vita
min
A n
utri
tion.
The
re d
oes
not a
ppea
r to
be
any
cons
iste
ntdi
ffer
ence
s in
vita
min
Ale
vels
bet
wee
n m
ales
and
fem
ales
(T
ae9C
). D
ata
in T
able
9D
sho
w th
atth
e pr
oble
ms
of v
itam
in A
nut
ritio
n ar
epr
obab
ly g
reat
er in
chi
ldre
n un
der
the
age
of 1
0 as
com
pare
d to
indi
vidu
als
over
age
10.
It a
ppea
rs f
rom
the
data
in T
able
9E
that
min
ority
gro
ups
have
mor
eev
iden
ce o
f vi
tam
in A
und
ernu
triti
on th
ando
whi
te.
The
se d
ata
on v
itam
in A
leve
ls s
ugge
stth
e pr
esen
ce o
f nu
triti
onal
pro
b-le
ms
rela
ted
to v
itam
in A
inta
ke in
min
ority
gro
ups
and
child
ren
unde
rth
e ag
e of
10.
The
re a
re n
o da
taav
aila
ble
from
the
surv
ey a
t the
pre
sent
time
as to
the
phys
iolo
gica
l sig
nifi
canc
eof
thes
e lo
w v
itam
in A
leve
ls.
-
Tab
le 9
A.
Com
pari
son
of N
umbe
r, P
erce
nt D
efic
ient
and
Perc
ent D
efic
ient
and
/or
Low
Bet
wee
n Pe
rson
s B
elow
Pov
erty
with
Pers
ons
Abo
ve
Pove
rty
for
Sele
cted
Bio
chem
ical
by
Seve
nSt
ates
and
New
Yor
k C
ity N
utri
tion
Surv
eys,
196
8-19
70 (
Prel
imin
ary)
VIT
AM
IN A
Bel
ow P
over
tyA
bove
Pov
erty
Stat
eN
umbe
r5-
Def
icie
nt%
Def
icie
ntan
d L
owN
umbe
r%
Def
icie
nt%
Def
icie
ntan
d L
ow
Tot
al44
551.
58.
572
431.
07.
5
Ken
tuck
y54
46.
312
.540
50.
75.
9
Mic
higa
n21
30.
04.
253
90.
23.
7
New
Yor
k C
ity32
80.
93.
759
70.
34.
4
Wes
t Vir
gini
a24
40.
06.
627
60.
06.
2
Cal
ifor
nia
785
0.0
1.3
2315
0.1
1.1
Was
hing
ton
260
3.8
16.9
812
5.8
24.8
Sout
h C
arol
ina
1642
0.7
10.8
384
0.5
5.7
Mas
sach
uset
ts43
92.
19.
319
150.
710
.7
Plas
ma
Vita
min
A (
mic
rogr
ams/
100
ml)
Def
icie
ntan
d L
ow S
tand
ards
Def
icie
ntL
owA
ccep
tabl
e
All
Age
s<
1010
-19
29
23
-
24
Tab
le 9
B. C
ompa
riso
n of
Num
ber,
Per
cent
Def
icie
nt a
nd P
erce
nt D
efic
ient
and
/or
Low
Bet
wee
n Po
vert
yIn
com
e R
atio
Gro
ups
for
Sele
cted
Bio
chem
ical
by
Seve
n St
ates
and
New
Yor
k C
ityN
utri
tion
Surv
eys,
196
8-19
70 (
Prel
imin
ary)
VIT
AM
IN A
Stat
e
Pove
rty
Inco
me
Rat
io
<1.
001.
00-1
.49
1.50
-1.9
92.
00-2
.49
2.50
and
Ove
r
Def
i-D
efi-
Def
i-D
efi-
Def
i-
cro
dent
To
cien
tek
cien
tcr
ode
ntcr
ode
ntN
um-
Def
i-an
dN
um-
Def
i-an
dN
um-
Def
i-an
dN
um-
Def
i-an
dN
um-
Def
i-an
d
ber
dent
Low
ber
dent
Low
ber
cien
tL
owbe
rci
ent
Low
ber
cien
tL
ow
Tot
al44
551.
58.
524
980.
87.
214
421.
29.
010
800.
96.
822
230.
87.
1
Ken
tuck
y54
46.
312
.519
61.
57.
180
0.0
1.3
450.
04.
484
0.0
8.3
Mic
higa
n21
30.
04.
216
90.
66.
512
90.
04.
782
0.0
1.2
159
0.0
1.3
New
Yor
k C
ity32
80.
93.
733
60.
35.
711
20.
01.
867
0.0
5.9
821.
21.
2
Wes
t Vir
gini
a24
40.
06.
610
60.
011
.357
0.0
1.8
480.
06.
365
0.0
1.5
Cal
ifor
nia
785
0.0
1.3
729
0.1
2.3
480
0.0
0.2
314
0.3
1.3
792
0.0
0.5
Was
hing
ton
260
3.8
16.9
182
4.4
20.9
187
7.5
38.0
128
6.3
23.4
315
2.5
19.7
Sout
h C
arol
ina
1642
0.7
10.8
259
1.9
5.4
710.
05.
638
2.6
7.9
160.
06.
3
Mas
sach
uset
ts43
92.
19.
352
10.
210
.632
60.
913
.235
80.
07.
571
01.
411
.1
Plas
ma
Vita
min
A (
mic
rogr
ams/
100
m1)
Def
icie
nt a
nd L
owSt
anda
rds
All
Age
s
Def
icie
nt
<10
Low
10-1
9
Acc
epta
ble
30
-
Tah
iti *
C.
Com
pari
son
of N
umbe
-, P
erce
nt D
efic
ient
, and