DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 048 180 SP 001 067

TITLE Physical Characteristics. Resource Unit III, Grade6. Providence Social Studies Curriculum Project,

INSTITUTION Providence Public Schools, R.I.; Rhode Island Coll.,Providence.

SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DNEW), Washington, D.C.Cooperative Research Program.

REPORT NO CRP-6-1195PUS DATE 68NOTE 25p.; part of a set of resource units and curriculum

overviews for K-12 social studies

EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS

IDENTIFIERS

EDRS Price ME-$0.65 HC-$3.29*Curriculum Guides, *Grade 6, Physical Geography,*Social Studies, *Urbin TeachingAfrica, Latin America

ABSTRACTGRADES OR AGES: Grade 6. SUBJECT MATTER: Social

studies; physical geography of Latin America and Africa. ORGANIZATIONAND PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: The major portion of the guide, whichdevelops the unit, is laid out in three columns, one eacn for topics,activities, and materials. Other sections are in list form. The guideis mimeographed and staple-bound with a paper cover. OBJECTIVES ANDACTIVITIES: General objectives for the unit are listed on the firstpage, Each group of activities in the second column is related to atopic in the first column. A separate section lists eightsupplementary activities. INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Each group ofmaterials listed in the third column is related to cne or moreactivities. In addition, nine appendixes contain curriculummaterial'. STUDENT ASSESSMENT: A one -page section entitled"Evaluation" lists ideas students should understand and skills theyshould possess by the end of the unit. OPTIONS: The guide isprescriptive as to course content and timing. Activities andmaterials listed are optional. (RT)

N0N

PROVIDENCESOCIr

STUDIESCURRICULUM

PROJECT

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATION & WELFAREOFFICE OF EDUCATION

TH S DGCUMENT HAS SEEN REPRO-DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FIEJNITHE PERSON OR OPCANIZATION ORIG-INATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN-IONS STATED CO NCT NECESSARILYREPRESENT OFF.CIAL OFFICE OF EDU-CATION POSITION OR POLICY

PHYSICALCHARACTER .I ST I CS

RESOURCE UN IT IIIGRADE 6

RHODE ISLAND COLLEGEPROVIDENCE PUBLIC 6f14100k5

RU,III - Gr. 6

fA3LE, OF CONTENTS

Page

I. Major Understandings 1

II. Aims 1

III. Vocabulary 2

IV. Physical Characteristics of Latin America andAfrica . 3

V. Related Activities 11

VI. Evaluation 12

VII. AppendixA. Latin America 13

B. Africa 15

C. World Climates 16

D. Chart - Longest Rivers of Africa andLatin America 18

E. Chart - Comparison of Physical Features 19

F. Graph - Rivers of Latin America 20G. Graph - Rivers of Africa 21

H. Profile Chart of Mountain Peaks 22

I. Diagram Rift Valley 23

2

RU,III - Gr. 6 1

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICSOF

LATIN AMERICA AND AFRICA

SUGGESTED TIME: 7 - 8 WEEKS

I. 1AJOR UNDERSTANDINGS

1. The children should be made to realize the influence that thephysical characteristics have on living conditions, populationdistributions, and occupations in Latin America and Africa.

2. There should also be an awareness of the fact that living condi-tions, population distributions, and occupations have an influenceon the physical characteristics of these two areas.

II. AIMSIt is the specific aim of this unit to develop an understandingof the following:

1. Both Latin America and Africa lie in the same general latitudes.

2. Both Latin America and Africa are areas of great diversity inclimate and topography.

3. Much of the land area is Latin America and Africa is sparselypopulated.

4. Although both Latin America and Africa are rich in naturalresources, not all of these have been developed to their fullpotential.

5. Population distribution in Latin America and Africa has beengreatly influenced by climate, topography, end natural resources.

5. The people of Latin America and Africa, through interrelationwith physical characteristics of the land, have had an influ-ence on the development of transportation, communication,industry, and agriculture.

7. The physical characteristics of Latin America and Africa haveimpeded transportation and communication as well as industry inthese two areas.

8. Lack of transportation and communication has been a handicap inthe slow development of some areas of Latin America and Africa.

3

RU,III - Gr. 6 2

VOCABULARY

Amazon River Niger River

climate Nile River.

communication Orinoco River

Congo River Parana River

dam plain

delta plateau

distribution population

environment potential

Great Rift Valley rapids

harbor source of a river

head of navigation topography

Lake Victoria vertical climate

Limpopo River water

Magdalena River Zambesi River

mouth of a river

navigation

RU,III - Gr. 6 5

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICSOF LATIN AsiERICA AND AFRICA

QUESTIONS SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES MATERIALS

What are theoutstandingphysical andtopographicalfeatures ofboth LatinAmerica andAfrica?

Have the children locate andidentify the major features:mountains, rivers, lakes, desertsislands, plains, plateaus, water-falls, highlands, and the(See Appendix A)

Have them read about thesefeatures in their texts.

As a follow-up activity eachchild can make physical mapsshowing mountains, deserts,plains, plateaus, and islands.

Trace the important rivers inthese two areas from source tomouth. Be sure that they candistinguish 'source' and 'mouth'.In Latin America concentrate onthe Amazon, Orinoco, Parana,Magdalena, and Rio de la Plata.

Large

and Africa.

:::mos:rLiap:inLatinSS-L.10Geography of Mexico

uCentral AmericaSS-/.10

Fideler: Southe,merica. Chapter I

Fideler: CAribbeanLends. ChapterI

Fideler: MexicoChapter 1Ginn: Latin America,Africa and AustraliaSee Highlands, plains,plateaus.Benefic: How PeopleLive in CentralAmepca. pp. 13-14Benefic: How 1,2.9211

Live in Africa.pp. 8-13

Individual outlinemaps of LatinAmerica and Africa.

FilmstripsLife Along the CongoSS-E-2-dAmazon River SS-T-8Nile River SS-N-10Story of a RiverSS-B-12-b

RU,III - Gr. 6

Physical characteristics (cont'd.)

QUESTIONS SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES

In Africa concentrate on the Nile,Niger, Zambezi, and Congo Rivers.

Locate the important waterfalls.Expecially Victoria and Iguasso.

Make individual maps of LatinAmerica and Africa to show thelocation of the rivers andwaterfalls.

Discuss the term 'delta'. Havethe class locate some of thelarge deltas in both areas.What causes a delta?

A small group might construct amodel of a river and a deltausing modeling clay or plaster ofparis, or flour and salt mixtureor mixture of sawdust and wall-paper paste.

Use tables in the reference booksor almanacs to find the lengthsof the largest rivers in bothareas. Have the children con-struct bar graphs to show thelengths of the rivers. A largechart can be constructed to showthe important rivers, theirlengths, and the place intowhich they empty.

6

MATERIALS

Ginn: LatinAmerica, Africa,Australia.pp. 41-42, 155-156,184, 186-188, 248,251, 266-275, 296-299, 322.

Individual Outlinemaps.Ginn: Latin America,Africa Australia.pp. 42, 187, 266-267Ginn: Landsa01222121eof the World. Africa(paper)Diagram Nile Deltap. 48

Graph paperSample in Appendix

RU,III - Gr. 6 5

Physical characteristics lcont'd.)

QUESTIONS SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES MATERIALS

Whet is thesignifitahe of tkGreat Rift inArrica?

The Great Rift in Africa is aunique feature in this area. Itis as important here as thegreat river valley is in SouthAmerica. Locate the Rift Valleyon the wall map. Locate andidentify each large lake inthis valley.

Discuss the importance of thislake system in Africa and howit was formed while pointingout that there is no similarlake system to Latin America.Add the lakes of the RiftValley to the outline map ofAfrica which showed the riversof Africa.

Children may construct indivi-dual maps to illustrate thedifferent types of climate ineach area. Individual rainfallmaps can be developed for LatinAmerica and Africa. Enlargedmaps to show climate regions ofthe same area could be made bysmall groups to be displayedside by side for comparison.

Large wall map ofAfrica.

Benefit: How PeopleLive in Africa. p. 1Ginn: Lands andPeoples of the WorldAfrica (paper) p. 104(Good diagram of theRift Valley)

Individual outlinemaps.

Rand McNally Class-room AtlasBenefit: How PeopleLive in AfricaMap p. 15Ginn: Latin America,Africa, Australiapp. 250, 176, 34.

RU,III - Gr. 6 6

Physical characteristics (coned.)

QUESTIONS SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES MATERIALS

How do LatinAmerica and Africacompare in size,shcpe, locations,and climate?

Locate and .compare

the importantvountrAn ranges.of Latin Ater.!.ca

:ari Africa.

Conduct an oral discussion tomake the ccmparisons. This canculminate in a chart to showthe comparisons.

See Appendix

Locate the harbors (both naturaland artificial) and the dams.Discuss the need for harbors anddams and their effects on theareas where they are located.Be sure that the children areare of the fact that thereare many good harbors in LatinAmerica but few in Africa.Perhaps a mural could be madeto show a harbor thrt has beenimproved. Good example--Ale::endria, Egypt.

Make a chart illustrat-ing the highest peaks, theirnames and locations.

Make a profile chart to sLw thecross-sections of some of thehighest peaks in Latin Americaand Africa.

The class might like to makeindividual charts for its note-books. Have some children modelphysical feature maps of LatinAmerica with modeling clay orplaster or flour and saltmixture.

8

Ginn: Latin America,Afri.ca,

pp. 42, 72, 111, 114,130, 133, 200, 232,277, 310, 343Ginn: Lands andPeople:: of the

VPIt-Li-Africa (paper)

pp. 123-124D:7m

p. 38 Awn DamSee - Glnn: LatinAmerica Africa,Australia. p. 277

Diagram in Appendix

RU,III - Gr. 6

Physical characteristics (coned.)

QUESTIONS SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES

7

MATERIALS

What are thesimilities anddifferences be-tween the physicalfeatures of LatinAmerica and Africa?

That factorsinfluence theclimate andweather in LatinAmerica and Africa?

What is thepattern ofpopulationdistributionin both LatinAmerica and Africa?

As a class exercise, discussdifferences and similaritiesand then the teacher candevelop with the class achart contrasting the physicalfeatures of both areas.

Identify and describe the majorclimatic regions of both areas.Discu3s the reasons for thedifferent climate regions ineach area:

Distance from the equatorHeight of Land(vertical climate)Amount of rainfallOcean currentsWind directionsSeasonal distribution ofrain, etc.

Study the pcpulation maps inthe atlas and texts. On largewall turps of Latin America andAfrica, point out the areas ofdense population and have thechildren speculate as to thereasons for heavy populationsin some areas and very sparsepopulations in others.

Have the children constructpopulation maps for each area.

Fideler: Africapp. 22-32Fideler: CaribbeanLands. pp. 30-47Fideler: SouthAmerica, Africa,Austrviia. pp. 32-34,18-19, 74-75, 105-106,171, 175-176, 287,288, 315, 344.Benefic: How PeopleLive in CentralAmerica. pp. 14-15

Ginn: Latin America,Africa. Australia.Map p. 253Tables pp. 393-395Fideler: SouthAmerica. Map p. 70Fideler: Africapp. 63, 65, 137Map. p. 64Fideler: CaribbeanLands. pp. 19,90-92 Map p. 91Outline mapsRand McNally:Classroom Atlas

RU,III - Gr. 6 8

Physical characteristics (coned.)

QUESTIONS

How has thepopulation dis-tribution in bothLatin America andAfrica been in-fluenced by cli-mate, topography,and naturalresources?

How doenvironmentalconditions affectthe lives of thepeople of bothLatin America andAfrica?

SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES MATERIALS

Perhaps the children could arrangebefore them on their desks theindividual physical features,climate, rainfall, and populationmaps which they have constructed.See if they can discover a re-lationship between the denselypopulated areas on their map andthe physical, climatic, andrainfall conditions of thesesame areas. Elicit the ideathat people prefer to live whereclimate and topography arefavorable, and communicationand transportation readily avail-able.

Through the use of pictures,filmstrips, and readinginvestigate life in differenttypes of areas such as:

a deserta rivcr valleya mountain plateaua lowland plaina coastal area, etc.

Investigate the climate,rainfall, physical setting,natural resources, type ofhomes, type of clothing,occupations, communicationsand transportation.

10

TransparenciesTitle II-TRSS-43dSouth AmericaTitle II-TRSS-43eMexico and CaribbeanLandsTitle II-TRSS-43hAfrica

These have overlaysfor climate.

FilmstripsAfrica SS-E-2-athrough eLife Along the NileSS-E-2-eLife in Desert LandsSS-B-12-dHighlands of KenyaSS-E-2-bDesert to Forest inChile. SS-S-10-dMountain Farmersof ColumbiaS3-S-9-bAnazon VillageSS-S-I0-eAlong Equator inEcuador SS-S-9-cInca Lands in PeruSS-S-9-d

RU,III - Gr. 6 ..'9

Physical characteristics (cont'd.)

QUESTIONS SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES MATERIALS

What effect dothe people haveon the environmentof both LatinAmerica and Africa?

There is a reciprocal actionbetween the people and theenvironment.Help the children to realizethat not only does environmentplay a part in the lives ofthe people, but the people havea definite effect on the landand the use of the land.Stress the idea of the people'schoice.

An example is the developmentof Brasilia. Have a person ora small group give a specialreport about Brasilia.

The class might construct amural "How Man Has Che.nged HisEnvironment"

Develop the understanding thatin some areas people do nothave as much effect as might bepossible due to:

PovertyLack of EducationLack of TechnologyIsolationHostile geographical

environment.Attitudes toward natureSocial structure- class in

Latin America, tribal in Africa;extended families

Socio-Religious beliefse.g. wealth measured in cattle.Force of tradition

11

BrasiliaFideler: SouthAmerica. pp. 141-144Burdett: LearningAbout Latin Americap. 283Encyclopedias.

FilmstripsFarmers of Argentina

SS-S-10-aNew Coffee Landsof BrazilSS-S-10-fNew VenezuelaSS-S-9-aPrin American Highway

SS-S-&-fPuerto Rico

SS-P-10Bolivia SS-B-11Highland People ofBolivia SS-S-9-eParaguay SS-S-10-c

RU, III - Gr. 6

Physical characteristics (cont'd)

QUESTIONS,,

10

SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES MATERIALS

How do the citiesof Latin Americaand Africa, asthey exist today,reflect the cul-tural, economical,political, andocial aspects oflife? Show howthese aspects arecommoncharacteristicsof all cities.

Show filmstrips of citiesin both areas: Selectcities from Mexico, Central,America, West Indies, SouthAmerica, and Africa. Assigna city to each child totrace its development. Findout its:

LocationHistoryPlaces of InterestPeopleOccupationsIndustriesCommunicationTransportationRecreation

Have the child report tothe class to show how thesecitiurs serve the wants andneeds of Ale people. Havethe children discuss waysin which all cities arealike.

12

FilmstripsAfrican CitiesSS-C-53-a through iSouth AmericaSS-H=22-a through j

Ginn: Latin AmericaAfrica and

See names of citiesBenefic: How PeopleLive in Central Americap. 51

Fideler: SouthAmerica. pp. 109-110133-141, 144-145,190-192See separate countriesFideler: Africap. 136-145

Fideler: CaribbeanLands. pp. 92, 93, 93mSee separate countriesEncyclopedias.

RU, III - Cr. 6 11

RELATED AC I' I VI TES

1. Keep a scrapbook of materials found in current magazines andmwspapers on either Latin America or Africa. Supplementthe articles with a collection of pictures.

2. Write reports on books reed about Latin America and Africa andmake drawings to illustrate the written reports.

3. Correspond with children in either Latin America or Africa.Thio might be done through the Junior Red Cross,

4. Mcke murals or serl.es of pictures depicting score parts ofLatin America or Arica.

5. Prepare a large chart on the basic facts regarding countriesof Latin America or Lfrica.

Country Square Miles Population Capi;:at ChiefProducts

6. Have a child or children play the part of a tourist ortourists and take the class on a tour of either Latin Americaor Africa pointing out major points of interest.

7. Collect stamps and coins of Latin America and Africa thatshow the history and life of nations in these areas.

8. Make papier mache animals of Africa.

13

RU,III - Gr. 6

EV/iLUkE ION

the.children'lecate.and identify the outstanding physical

and topographical features of Latin America and Africa?

2. Ave they familiar with the different types of land forms foundin both Latin America and Africa?

3. Are they able to recognize the similarities and differencesbetween the topographical features of Latin &erica and thetopographical features of Africa?

4. Is there an understanding of the factors that influence climateand weather in Latin America and Africa?

12

5. Can the children make a comparison of Latin America and Africa interms of size, shape, location, and climate?

6. Is there an awareness of the extent to whiCh environmentalfactors influence the lives of the people in Latin Americaand Africa?

7. Are they acquainted with the pattern of population distributionin both katin L2cric3 Afr'i:;z?

8. Are they able to examine and evaluate the factors whichinfluence these patterns of population distribution;

9. Is there a realization of the influence that climate,topography, and natural resources has on population distribution?

10. Can they demonstrate how people have improved their habitat?

11. Are the children aware of the fact that the people and the physicalcharacteristics are interrelated?

12. Is there a recognition and comprehension of the change anddevelopment that has resulted from this interrelationship intransportation, communication, industry, and agriculture?

13. Da they realize how the interaction of the people with thephysical characteristics has resulted in or not resulte6 inthe development of cities in both Latin America and alrica?

14. Can they analyze the cultural, economic;, political and socialaspects of life in the cities of Latin America end Africa asthey exist today and do they realize that these aspects arecommon characteristics of all cities:

15. Are they able to associate and compare these aspects of thecities of Latin Amesira and Attica with their own city andother cities in the world with which they are familiar?

14

RU, III - Gr. 6

LATIN 4-LER ICA.

MOUNTAIN RANGES CHIEF RIVERS-LOCATION

AndesBrazilian andGuiana HighlandsSierra MadreWestera SierraMadreChiapas Highlands

AmazonOrinocoRio GrandeRio de inPlata

GuayasRio Negro

BrazilVenezuelaMexico

ArgentinaEcuadorBrazil

(Y.E. Mexico) SaoFranciscolivAnluna

BrazilColombia

Pargna BrazilMedetraPurus BrazilIgavParaguay Brazil&

ParaguayUruguay BrazilTapajOs BrazilSan Juat Costa RicaArtibonite HaitiTuira River PanamaPiinucc

Grijalva MexicoCoatzacoaleosUsz.macenta

Rio: Para Brazil

LARES - LO!' LION

Maracaibo VenezuelaTiticaca Bolivia

Nicaragua'Managua 5-NicaraguaEtangSuaMatre HaitiXochimilcoNagdelenaChapala iexico

PStzcuaroCuitzeo

VRARO -LCCATION

Trujilla Dom. RepublicMt. Aconcagua Argent:,.ita-

Mt. Roraima VenezuelaPico daBandeira Brazil

Popocate petl MexicoMt. Chimborazo EcuadorMt, Huascaran PeruMt. Orizaba MexicoMt. Ancohuma BoliviaIxtacihuatl MexicoParicutin MexicoWATERFALLS --LOCATIONIguassii* Argentiffa

&BrazilPaulo Afonso Brazilflgel Falls Venezuela

DAMB- LOCATION

CardenasElephant ButteFalcon - Mexico

LARGEST DESERTS

Atacama ChileSonora MexicoVizcaino VexicoPantagonianPlateau Argentina

ISLANDSWest Indies1Hispaniola, Cuba,Jamaica, FuertoRico, Trinidad,Minward Islands,Leeward Islands)GaIKPagos Islands, Tierradel Fuego, Falkland Islands

VEGETATION BELTOR NATURAL REGIONSforests

. _ .

grasslands with trees(savannas) grasslandswithout treesbrush or scrub, desertplants (bare ofvegetation)

15

RU,III - Gr. 6

A. LAtin America (cont'd)

CCASTAL WATERS

Atlantic OceanPacific OceanCaribbean PeaGulf of MexicoGulf of California

14

CLIMATIC REGIONS

SavannaRainforestSteppeDesertVerticalMediterraneanHumid SubtropicalMarine

HARBORS

Rio de JaneiroBuenos AiresValparaisoGuyaquilCallaoSantosRecifeSalvadorLaGvairaHavanaVeracruzMontevideoPort of SpainAcapulcoMazatlAnManzanilloPort--PrinceSanto DomingoSan:' Juan

16

RD, III - Gr. 6 15

B. AFRICk

MOUNTAIN RANGES

AhaggarAtlasDrakensbergRuwenzoriTibestiGuinea Highlands

PEAKS

Mt. KilimanjaroMt. Kenya

CHIEF RIVERS

CongoLimpopoNigerNileOrangeZambezi

DAMS

KaribaAsTian

Owen Falls

CHIEF LAKES

AlbertChad (dry)KaribaNyasaRudolfTanganyikaVictoriaEdward

LARGEST DESERTS

Kalahari (south)Namib (south)Sahara (notth)

LARGEST WATERFALLS

King George'sStanleyTugelaVictoriaMurchison

ISLANDS

MadagascarPrincipeSIC, Tome

Fernando P6o

MadeiraCape VerdeCanary

33

LOCATION

Indian Ocean

Gulf of Guinea

Atlantic Ocean

Comoro Islands West of MadagascarReunion East of MadagascarMauritius East of Madagascar

NATURAL REGIONS

forestsgrass landsdeserts

COASTAL WATERS

Mediterranean SeaRed SeaIndian OceanAtlantic Ocean

BEST NATURAL HARBORS

AlexandriaCapetownPort ElizabethTripoliTunis

SavannaMediterranean

:CLIMATIC REGIONS

Rainforest Steppe DesertHumid subtropical Marine Vertical

RU,III - Gr. 6 AO

C. WORLD CLI,vAlES

TYPES OFCLIMATE

TropicalRainforest

TropicalSavanna

MAJOR AREAS

Central Brazil, AfricanCongo, Central America,coast of Colombia, WestIndies.

DESCRIPTION

Hot, very wet allyear. More than 80inches of rain.annually.

North and South of AfricanCongo an' of Brazilianjungle, part of CentralAmerica and West Indies.

Hot all year,short dry season.About 60 inches of rainannually

Dry subtropicalMeditcrrecean

Central Chile, SouthAfrica, part of NorthAfrica.

Long, dry summer;mild rainy winter..About 20 inchesof rain annually.

Humid subtropical Coast of Southeast AfricaSoutheast corner of BrazilPampas of Argentina,Uruguay.

Desdrt Baja California, NorthernMexico, North Africa,Central Chile, coast ofSouthwest Africa, centralArgentina.

Long, wetsummer; short wetwinter. About50 inches of rainfallannually.

Hot, dry, lessthan 10 inches ofrain annually.

Marine South Africa, SouthernChile, coast of southernArgentina.

Variable climatebut no extremes inwinter, or summer, ab-undant rainfall.

Humid Continental

18

Hot in summer,cold in winter,enough rainfallfor farming- -

20 -40 inches

annually.

RU,III - Gr. 6 17

World Climates (cont'd)

Dry continentalSteppe

Eastern Argentina, Mexico,southern Argentina, partof South Africa and ofCentral Africa.

Hot in summer,cold in winter,from 10-20inches of rainannually.

Vertical v3untain regions The higher thealtitude, thecolder the climate.

Polar Cold almost entireyear, little rain orsnow.

19

RU,III - Gr. 6

CHART

LONGEST RIVERS OF AFRICA

18

Name

Nile

Niger

Congo

Zambesi

Orange

Length Empties Into

4145

2500

2718

1600

1300

Meditereanean Sea

Gulf of Guinea

Atlantic Ocean

Indian Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

LONGEST RIVERS OF LATIN LAERICA

Name Length Empties Into

Amazon 3900 Atlantic Ocean

Orinoco 1700 Atlantic Ocean

Parana 2500 Rio de la Plata

Rio de la Plata 200 Atlantic Ocean

Magdalena 1000 Caribbean Sea

Or)

RU,III - Gr. 5

E C3 PAR S

19

SOUTH AMERICA AFRICA

Size 6,800.000. sq. miles 11,500,000 sq miles

Location West of AtlanticMost of continent belowequator.

East of AtlanticEquator passes throughcenter

Shape TriangularWidest in North

TriangularWidest in North

Climate Tropical toTemperate

Mostly tropical

Land Forms Very high mountainsPlateausAmazon Lowland

Mostly Plateau

Rivers Most navigable upstreamfor long distances

Most not navigablefor long distances

Lakes Few important ones. Chain of large lakes.

20

RU,III - Gr. 6

F.Graph

LONGEST RIVERS OFLATIN AMERICA

(Round Numbers)

1

Name

1

Magdalena.

,

Orinoco

Amazon

---,----.-7,.. ,--0.-- ............_

Rio dela Plato

...T...,.. ,, .. ... .... .

.

Parana

...:.:. . .:.

.. ..

0 500 1000 1500 2)00 2500 3000 3500 4000

Lengths in Thousands of MilesFrom Reader's Digest Alnanac 1966

22

- Gr. 6

G.Graph

LONGEST RIVERS or AFRICA(Round Numbers)

Name

21

Nile

Niger

Congo

Zambesi

...

Orange

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Lsngths inThousands of MilesFrom Reader's Digest Almanac 1966

23

22RU,III Gr. . 6

H. Profile Chart

SOME OF THE HIGHFST PEAKSIN LATIN AMERICA AND A'F'RICA

30,000'

20.000'

.11........w.w*.111.T.

Aconcagua (Argentina)

-a -Huascaran (Peru)

Ancohuma(Bolivia)

Chimborazo(Ecuador)Kilimanjcn

(Africa)_Orizaba

Ixtacci A-.(Mexicc)(Max tepetl

xical

:Kenya (Afric,

"Cee.,oe

e I

#(7

.7..."..Tr.01.+."-.... or ...

24

.......1......

- Gr. 6 I. Diagram

Diagram shows how' a great block ofearth dropped down to form Rift

Valley

23

25