doctoral degrees conferred source: nsf, survey of earned doctorates1
TRANSCRIPT
Doctoral Degrees Conferred
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
All fieldsS&ESocial sciences
Source: NSF, Survey of Earned Doctorates 1
International Student Enrollment
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
Total International Student EnrollmentMaster's-levelBaccalaureate-levelDoctoral-level
Source: IIE, Open Doors 2
Trend of the Economic Benefits of International Student Enrollment in U.S.
Source: NAFSA, International Student Economic Value Tool 3
Source: NAFSA, International Student Economic Value Tool
Total U.S. Direct and Indirect Jobs Created/Supported: As a result of the economic benefit of international Students
4
Earnings by level of education:Persons 25- 64 years old, 2010
Not a high school graduate
High school graduate only
Some college, no degree
Associate's
Bachelor's
Master's
Professional
Doctorate
0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000
Average Earnings by Level of Highest Degree (dollars)
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey 5
Average Earnings by Highest Degree Earned: 2010
Not a high
school g
raduate
High sc
hool grad
uate only
Some c
ollege
, no deg
ree
Associa
te's
Bachelo
r's
Master'
s
Profes
sional
Doctorat
e
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
110,000
120,000
130,000
HispanicAfrican American
White
HispanicAfrican AmericanWhite
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, unpublished data 6
Doctoral Recipients by Gender
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
WomenMen
Source: NSF; Doctorate Recipients from U.S. Universities, 2012 7
Doctoral Degrees Conferred: Women
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
Life SciencesPhysical SciencesSocial SciencesEngineeringEducationHumanitiesOther
Life Sciences: agricultural sciences and natural resources, biological, biomedical, and health sciencesPhysical Sciences: chemistry, computer and information sciences, geosciences, mathematics, physics, and astronomySocial Sciences: anthropology, economics, political science, psychology, sociology, and otherEngineering: aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical, chemical, civil, electrical, electronics, communication, industrial, manufacturing, materials science, mechanical, and other Education: administration, research, teacher education, teaching fields, and otherHumanities: foreign language, history, letters, and otherOther: business management and administration, communication, non-S&E fields not elsewhere classified, and unknown
Source: NSF; Doctorate Recipients from U.S. Universities, 2012 8
Doctoral Degrees Conferred: Men
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
Life SciencesPhysical SciencesSocial SciencesEngineeringEducationHumanitiesOther
Life Sciences: agricultural sciences and natural resources, biological, biomedical, and health sciencesPhysical Sciences: chemistry, computer and information sciences, geosciences, mathematics, physics, and astronomySocial Sciences: anthropology, economics, political science, psychology, sociology, and otherEngineering: aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical, chemical, civil, electrical, electronics, communication, industrial, manufacturing, materials science, mechanical, and other Education: administration, research, teacher education, teaching fields, and otherHumanities: foreign language, history, letters, and otherOther: business management and administration, communication, non-S&E fields not elsewhere classified, and unknown
Source: NSF; Doctorate Recipients from U.S. Universities, 2012 9
Grants and Loans as a Percentage of Funds from Total Aid and Nonfederal Loans for Graduate Students,
1990-91 to 2012-13
90-91
91-92
92-93
93-94
94-95
95-96
96-97
97-98
98-99
99-00
00-01
01-02
02-03
03-04
04-05
05-06
06-07
07-08
08-09
09-10
10-11
11-12
12-13
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
GrantsLoans
Source: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2013 10
Graduate Student Aid by Source and Type (in Billions), 2012-13
$1.8
$0.1
$33.7
$3.4$0.2
$9.5
$4.7
Federal Grant ProgramsFederal Work-StudyFederal LoansEducation Tax Credits and DeductionsState GrantsInstitutional GrantsPrivate and Employer Grants
Federal Grant Programs: 3%Federal Work-Study: 0.2%Federal Loans: 63%Education Tax Credits and Deductions: 6%Institutional Grants: 18%Private and Employer Grants: 9%
Source: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2013
Total: $53.4 Billion
11
Total Graduate Student Aid in 2012 Dollars (in Millions), 1992-93 to 2012-13, Selected years
Source: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2013 12
Average Aid per Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Graduate Student in 2012 Dollars, 1997-98 to 2012-13
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
$14,000
$16,000
$18,000
$20,000
Average Grant Aid per FTEAverge Federal Loan per FTE
Aver
age
Aid
in 2
012
dolla
rs
Source: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2013 13
Average Annual Percentage Change in First-Time Graduate Enrollment by Citizenship,
Race/Ethnicity, and Gender, Fall 2002 to Fall 2012Se
ries1
2.3% 1.
0%
3.4% 6.
1%
5.9%
1.5% 2.6%
2.6% 1.
0%
4.0% 5.
7%
5.2%
1.7%
5.0%
Men Women
To
tal
Am
eric
an
In
dia
n/
Ala
ska
N
ativ
e
Asi
an
/Pa
cific
Isla
nd
er
Bla
ck/
Afr
ica
n
Am
eri-
can
His
pa
nic
/
La
tino
Wh
ite
Te
mp
ora
ry
Re
sid
en
ts
Source: CGS/GRE Survey of Graduate Enrollment and Degrees 14
Trends in Graduate Degrees Awarded by Institution Type, 2001-02 to 2011-12
Total Doctoral Degrees
Public Institu-tions
Private, not-for-profit In-stitutions
Total Master's Degrees
Public Institu-tions
Private, not-for-profit In-stitutions
5.7%
4.8%
8.0%
2.4% 3.2%
2.9%5.
4%
4.5% 6.
0%
3.4% 4.0%
3.2%5.
4%
5.0% 5.5%
4.9%
4.5%
3.2%
% Change 2010-11 to 2011-12
Avg. Annual % Chg. 2006-07 to 2011-12
Avg. Annual % Chg. 2001-02 to 2011-12
Doctoral Degrees Master's Degrees
Source: CGS/GRE Survey of Graduate Enrollment and Degrees 15
Graduate Application Acceptance Rates by Carnegie Classification and Degree level,
Fall 2012
Total
Research Univ. (very high research)
Research Univ. (high research)
Doctoral/Research Universities
Master's Colleges and Universities
Other
21%
18%
27%
37%
40%
23%
49%
39%
54%
63%
63%
52%
Master's/Other Doctoral
Source: CGS/GRE Survey of Graduate Enrollment and Degrees 16
First-Time Graduate Enrollment by Broad Field and Gender, Fall 2012
TotalArts and Humanities
Biological & Agric. Sci.Business
EducationEngineering
Health SciencesMath & Computer Sci.
Physical & Earth Sci.Public Admin. & Svcs.
Social & Behavioral Sci.Other Fields
42%43%46%
56%26%
76%22%
69%61%
23%38%40%
58%57%54%
44%75%
25%78%
31%39%
78%62%60%
Men Women
Source: CGS/GRE Survey of Graduate Enrollment and Degrees 17
First-Time Graduate Enrollment by Carnegie Classification and Attendance Status, fall 2012
Total
Research Univ. (very high research)
Research Univ. (high research)
Doctoral/Research Universities
Master's Colleges and Universities
Other
67%
81%
65%
60%
49%
70%
33%
19%
35%
40%
51%
30%
Full-Time Part-Time
Source: CGS/GRE Survey of Graduate Enrollment and Degrees 18
First-Time Graduate Enrollment by broad Field and degree level, Fall 2012
TotalArts and Humanities
Biological & Agric. Sci.Business
EducationEngineering
Health SciencesMath & Computer Sci.
Physical & Earth Sci.Public Admin. & Svcs.
Social & Behavioral Sci.Other Fields
16%22%
39%3%
10%25%
23%20%
60%3%
26%8%
84%78%
61%97%
90%75%
78%80%
40%97%
74%92%
Doctoral Master's/Other
Source: CGS/GRE Survey of Graduate Enrollment and Degrees 19
Total Graduate Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity, Fall 2012
Hispanic/Latino8.5% American Indian/Alaska Native; 0.6%
Asian; 5.8%
Black/African Amer-ican; 12.5%
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander,
0.3%
White; 62.2%
Two or More Races; 1.8%
Race/Ethnicity Unknown; 8.3%
Source: CGS/GRE Survey of Graduate Enrollment and Degrees 20
Total Graduate Enrollment by Broad Field and Attendance Status, Fall 2012
TotalArts and Humanities
Biological & Agric. Sci.Business
EducationEngineering
Health SciencesMath & Computer Sci.
Physical & Earth Sci.Public Admin. & Svcs.
Social & Behavioral Sci.Other Fields
57%69%
78%50%
40%70%
59%63%
83%63%
67%55%
43%31%
22%50%
60%30%
41%37%
17%37%
33%45%
Full-Time Part-Time
Source: CGS/GRE Survey of Graduate Enrollment and Degrees 21
Size & Scope of U.S. Graduate Education
2012-2013 Academic Year:1,911 institutions ≈ 3 million students in postbaccalaureate ≈ 1 million degrees conferred (MA and PhD.)692,000 master’s degrees163,765 doctoral degrees CGS institutions award 78% of master’s
degrees, and nearly all doctorate degrees
Source: CGS/GRE Survey of Graduate Enrollment and Degrees 22
The American Graduate Student• 58.6% Female• 11.4% international• 28.9% underrepresented minority• 43.7% part-time• 45.6% of students are over the age of 30• 40.1% married, 34.8% married with children• 70.4% receive some form of student financial
assistance
Source: NCES -- Enrollment in Postsecondary Institutions, Fall 2012; Digest of Education Statistics; and National Postsecondary Student Aid Study, 2011-12
23
Degree Attainment• Master’s degrees
- Women earn 61.8% of all master’s degrees- Minority representation improving, but still low: African American 12.5%, Hispanic/Latino7.3%,
Asian/Pacific 6.8%, American Indian /Alaskan Native 0.6%
- Education and business are half the degrees earned- Number of master’s increased by 54% since 2000- 3.4% average annual increase at the master’s level
• Doctoral Degrees- Number of doctoral degrees increased by 37% since 2000- Projected 66,800 doctoral degrees by the 2016-17 academic year- 5.4% average annual increase in degree production
Source: NCES, Digest of Education Statistics 24
Graduate Enrollment Trends
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07*
2007-08*
2008-09*
2009-10*
2010-11*
2011-12*
2012-13*
2013-14*
2014-15*
2015-16*
2016-17*
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
DoctorateMaster's
Source: NCES, Digest of Education Statistics*Projected
Thou
sand
s
25
Doctoral Enrollment by Gender
Source: NCES, Digest of Education Statistics*Projected
2000-01 2005-06 2010-11* 2014-15* 2016-17*0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
Total DoctorateMenWomen
26
Graduate Student Enrollment
• Graduate Enrollment and Degrees received nearly 1.98 million applications39.6% had been accepted into at least 1 program62.6% first-time graduate students enrolled at a public university67% of all first-time graduate students were enrolled full-time 83.6% first-time graduate students were enrolled in programs leading
to a master’s degree or graduate certificate16.4% of all first-time graduate students were enrolling in doctoral
programs 17.8% first-time graduate enrollees were international students
Source: CGS/GRE Survey of Graduate Enrollment and Degrees 27
Percentage of Students Enrolled in Postsecondary Institutions who took Distance
Education Courses, Fall 2012
No distance education courses
At least one distance education course
Exclusively distance education courses
70.2%
22.0%
7.8%
Note: Of exclusively distance education courses, 8.7% were enrolled in the same state, 12.1% different state, 0.2% state not known, 0.5% outside of the U.S., 0.5% location unknown
Source: NCES, Digest of Education Statistics 28
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
400.0
450.0
500.0
United States European Union France Germany United Kingdom China Japan
South Korea
PP
P $
bill
ion
sGross Domestic Expenditures on R&D
by Selected Countries, 1981-2011
Source: National Research Council, Science and Engineering Indicators, 2014, Appendix Table 4-13
29
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
United States European Union France Germany United Kingdom China Japan
South Korea
Pe
rce
nt
Gross Domestic Expenditures on R&D as Percentage Share of GDP by Selected Countries
1981-2011
Data Source: National Research Council, Science and Engineering Indicators, 2014, Appendix Table 4-13
30
03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13$0
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
$9,000
$10,000
Federal Work-Study State Grant Programs Institutional Grants Private & Employer Grants Federal Grants (Non-VA Benefits)
Note: Figures for AY2012/13 are preliminary.
In M
il-
lions
Source: College Board (2013). Table 1B: Total Student Aid and Funds Used to Finance the Postsecondary Education Expenses of Graduate Students in 2012 Dollars (in Millions), 1990-91 to 2012-13 [Data File]. Retrieved from http://trends.collegeboard.org/student-aid/figures-tables/graduate-total-student-aid-nonfederal-loans-2012-dollars-over-time.
Total Grant Aid for Grad Students: 2012 U.S. Dollars by Funding Source AY2003/04 to AY2012/2013
31