me – energy engineering - ft - kalasalingam...

M.Tech ENERGY ENGINEERING REGULATION 2010

KALASALINGAM UNIVERSITY

(Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education)Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil – 626 190

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

M.Tech (ENERGY ENGINEERING)

SEMESTER - ICourse Code Course Name L T P C

THEORYMAT5009 Applied Mathematics 3 0 0 3MEC5101 Advanced Heat Transfer 3 0 0 3MEC5102 Advanced Thermodynamics 3 0 0 3MEC5103 Advanced Fluid Mechanics 3 0 0 3MEC5104 Fuels and Combustion 3 0 0 3MECxxxx Elective I 3 0 0 3

PRACTICALMEC5181 Energy Laboratory 0 0 3 2

Total 15 0 3 20

SEMESTER - IICourse Code Course Name L T P C

THEORYMEC5105 Energy Conservation and Management 3 0 0 3MEC5106 Environmental Pollution Control 3 0 0 3MEC5107 Instrumentation for Thermal Systems 3 0 0 3MEC5108 Renewable Energy Systems 3 0 0 3MEC5109 Energy Systems Modeling and Analysis 3 0 0 3MECxxxx Elective II 3 0 0 3

PRACTICALMEC5182 Simulation Laboratory 0 0 3 2

Total 15 0 3 20

SEMESTER - IIICourse Code Course Name L T P M

THEORYMECxxxx Elective III 3 0 0 3MECxxxx Elective IV 3 0 0 3MECxxxx Elective V 3 0 0 3

PRACTICALMEC6198 Project Work – Phase I 0 0 18 6

Total 9 0 18 15

SEMESTER - IVCourse Code Course Name L T P C

PRACTICALMEC6199 Project Work – Phase II 0 0 36 12

Total Credits = 67

1


LIST OF ELECTIVES

M.Tech (ENERGY ENGINEERING)

Course Code Course Name L T P CMEC5002 Finite Element Analysis 3 0 0 3MEC5018 Heat Treatment Techniques 3 0 0 3MEC5019 Computational Fluid Dynamics 3 0 0 3MEC5020 Corrosion Engineering 3 0 0 3MEC5021 Composite Materials Technology 3 0 0 3MEC5023 Artificial Intelligence 3 0 0 3MEC5111 Cogeneration and Waste Heat Recovery Systems 3 0 0 3MEC5112 Boiler Technology 3 0 0 3MEC5113 Fluidized Bed Systems 3 0 0 3MEC5114 Design of Heat Exchanger 3 0 0 3MEC5115 Thermal Storage Systems 3 0 0 3MEC6002 Total Quality Management 3 0 0 3MEC6004 Maintenance Management 3 0 0 3MEC6005 Research Methodology 3 0 0 3MEC6006 Quality Engineering 3 0 0 3MEC6010 Metrology and Non Destructive Testing 3 0 0 3MEC6012 Advanced Optimization Techniques 3 0 0 3

MEC6015Advanced Engineering Metrology and Measurements 3 0 0 3

MEC6020 Mechanical Testing of Materials 3 0 0 3MEC6022 Applied Materials Technology 3 0 0 3MEC6024 Industrial Safety Management 3 0 0 3MEC6101 Energy Conversion Techniques 3 0 0 3MEC6102 Power Generation, Transmission and Utilization 3 0 0 3MEC6103 Waste Management and Energy Recovery 3 0 0 3MEC6104 Clean Development Mechanism 3 0 0 3MEC6105 Solar Energy Systems 3 0 0 3MEC6106 Bio Energy Conversion Techniques 3 0 0 3MEC6107 Nuclear Engineering 3 0 0 3MEC6108 Wind Energy and Other Systems 3 0 0 3MEC6109 Aerospace Propulsion 3 0 0 3MEC6110 Hypersonic Aerodynamics 3 0 0 3MEC6111 High Temperature Gas Dynamics 3 0 0 3MEC6112 Advanced Propulsion Systems 3 0 0 3MEC6113 Experimental Methods in Fluid Mechanics 3 0 0 3

2


SEMESTER I

MAT5009 APPLIED MATHEMATICS L T P C

3 0 0 3

[(Common for M.Tech (CAD/CAM), M.Tech (Energy) and M.Tech (ASE)]

ONE-DIMENSIONAL WAVE EQUATIONLaplace transform methods for one dimensional wave equation - displacements in a string - longitudinal vibration of an elastic bar - Fourier transformation methods for one - dimensional heat conduction problems in infinite and semi-infinite rod.

LAPLACE EQUATIONLaplace equation - properties of harmonic functions - Fourier transformation methods for Laplace equation - solutions for Poisson equation by Fourier transform method.

VARIATION AND ITS DERIVATIVESVariation and its properties - Euler's equation - Functional dependent on first and higher order derivatives - Functional dependent on functions of several independent variables - Some applications - Direct methods - Ritz and Kantorovich methods.

SOLUTION OF LAPLACE EQUATIONSolution of Laplace and Poisson equation on a rectangular region by Liebmann's method - Diffusion equation by the explicit and Crank Nicolson - implicit methods - stability and Convergence criterion - Solution of wave equation by explicit scheme. SCHWARZ - CHRISTOFFEL TRANSFORMATIONThe Schwarz - Christoffel transformation - Transformation of boundaries in parametric form - Physical applications - Application to fluid flow - Application to heat flow.

Text Book

1. Sneddon, I. N., Elements of partial differential equations, McGraw-Hill, 1986.

References

1. Spiegel, M. R., Theory and problems of complex variables with an introduction to conformal mapping and its applications, Schaum's outline series, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1987.

2. Sankara Rao, k., Introduction to partial differential equations, Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 1995.

3. Elsgolts, L., Differential equation and calculus of variations, Mir Publishers, Moscow, 1966.

3


MEC5101 ADVANCED HEAT TRANSFER L T P C

3 0 0 3

CONDUCTION AND RADIATION HEAT TRANSFER One dimensional energy equations and boundary condition, three-dimensional heat conduction equations, extended surface heat transfer, conduction with moving boundaries, radiation in gases and vapour - gas radiation and radiation heat transfer in enclosures containing absorbing and emitting media – interaction of radiation with conduction and convection.

TURBULENT FORCED CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER Momentum and energy equations, turbulent boundary layer heat transfer, mixing length concept, turbulence model – K Є model, Analogy between heat and momentum transfer – Reynolds, Colburn, Prandtl turbulent flow in a tube, high speed flows.

PHASE CHANGE HEAT TRANSFER AND HEAT EXCHANGER Condensation with shear edge on bank of tubes, boiling – pool and flow boiling, heat exchanger, Є – NTU approach and design procedure, compact heat exchangers. NUMERICAL METHODS IN HEAT TRANSFER Finite difference formulation of steady and transient heat conduction problems – Discretization schemes – explicit, Crank Nicholson and fully implicit schemes, control volume formulation, steady one dimensional convection and diffusion problems, calculation of the flow field – SIMPLER algorithm.

MASS TRANSFER AND ENGINE HEAT TRANSFER CORRELATION Mass transfer, vaporization of droplets, combined heat and mass transfer, heat transfer correlations in various applications like I.C. Engines, compressors and turbines.

Text Book

1. Incropera, F. P. and DeWitt, D.P., Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, John Wiley and Sons, 1996.

References

1. Ozisik, M. N., Heat Transfer – Basic Approach, McGraw-Hill Co., 1985.2. Schlichting, Gersten, Boundarylayer Theory, Springer, 2000.3. P.K. Nag, Heat Transfer, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2002.4. Rohsenow, W. M., Harnett, J. P, and Ganic, E. N., Handbook of Heat Transfer

Applications, McGraw-Hill, NY1985.5. Ghoshdasdidar, P. S., Compiler simulation of flow and Heat Transfer, Tata McGraw-

Hill, 1998.6. Patankar, S. V., Numerical heat Transfer and Fluid flow, Hemisphere Publishing

Corporation, 1980.

MEC5102 ADVANCED THERMODYNAMICS L T P C

4


AVAILABILITY ANALYSIS AND THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTY RELATIONS

Availability, irreversibility and second-law efficiency for a closed system and steady -state control volume - availability analysis of simple cycles - thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell relations, generalized relation for changes in entropy, internal energy and enthalpy, generalized relations for Cp and Cv Clausius Claypeyron equation, Joule -Thomson Coefficient, Bridgman tables for thermodynamic relations.

REAL GAS BEHAVIOUR AND MULTI-COMPONENT SYSTEMS Different equations of state, fugacity, compressibility, principle of corresponding states, use of generalized charts for enthalpy and entropy departure, fugacity coefficient, Lee-Kesler generalized three parameter tables - fundamental property relations for systems of variable composition, partial molar prosperities, real gas mixtures, ideal solution of real gases and liquids, equilibrium in multi phase systems, Gibbs phase rule for non-reactive components.

CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS AND EQUILIBRIUM Thermo chemistry, first law analysis of reacting systems, adiabatic flame temperature, entropy change of reacting systems, second law analysis of reacting systems, criterion for reaction equilibrium composition.

STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICSMicrostates and macro states, thermodynamic probability, degeneracy of energy levels, Maxwell-Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein statistics, microscopic interpretation of heat and work, evaluation of entropy, partition function, calculation of the microscopic properties from partition functions.

IRREVERSIBLE THERMODYNAMICSConjugate fluxes and forces, entropy production, Onsager’s reciprocity relations, thermo-electric phenomena and formulations.

Text Book:

1. Kenneth Wark, Jr., Advanced Thermodynamics for Engineers, McGraw-Hill Inc., 1995.

References:

1. Bejan, A., Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics, John Wiley and Sons, 1998.

2. Holman, J. P., Thermodynamics, Fourth Ediction, McGraw-Hill Inc., 1998.3. Smith, J. M and Van Ness., H.C., Introduction to chemical Engineering

Thermodynamics, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill Inc., 1987.4. Sonntag, R. E., and Vann Wylen, G, Introduction to Thermodynamics,

Classical and Statistical, third Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 1991.5. DeHoft, R. T. Thermodynamics in Materials Science, McGraw-Hill Inc.,

1993.6. Rao, Y. V. C., Postulational and Statistical thermodynamics, Allied Publisher

Limited, New Delhi, 1994.

5


MEC5103 ADVANCED FLUID MECHANICS L T P C

3 0 0 3

INTRODUCTION Ideal and non-ideal flows, general equations of fluid motion, Navier - stokes equations and their exact solutions. Boundary layer theory, wedge flows, laminar flow over plates and through cylinders.

TWO DIMENSIONAL FLOWS Subsonic flow, physical significance of irrotational motion – Kelvin’s theorem – differential equation in terms of velocity potential and stream function – flow with small purtubaration – flow past a wave shaped wall – Gothert’s rule – Prandtl Glanert rule – Hodograph method.

TURBULENT FLOW Turbulence, models and flow equations - steady and unsteady turbulent boundary layers.

COMPRESSIBLE FLOW THROUGH DUCTS Introduction to compressible viscous flow, governing equations, flow with friction flow with heat transfer, flow though nozzle and diffusers.

SHOCK WAVE Normal and oblique shocks – Prandtl – Meyer expansion – Rankine – Hugnoit relation, Application of method of characteristics applied to two dimensional cases – simple supersonic wind tunnel, design of supersonic wind tunnel and nozzle.

Text Book:

1. T. Radhakrishnan, Gas Dynamics Prentice Hall, New Delhi, 1993.

References:

1. Mohanty, A. K, Fluid Mechanics, Prentice Hall of India, 1986.2. Shapiro, A. F., The Dynamics of Compressible flow V d 1, The Ronald Press

company, 1963.3. Shames, Mechanics of Fluids, McGraw Hill Book company, 1962.4. Schlichting, H., Boundary layer theory McGraw Hill Book Company, 1979.5. S. M. Yahya, Fundamentals of Compressible Flow, New Age International

Publishers, 1996.

6


MEC5104 FUELS AND COMBUSTION L T P C

3 0 0 3

CHARACTERIZATION Fuels - types and characteristics of fuels - determination of properties of fuels - fuels analysis - proximate and ultimate analysis - moisture determination - calorific value - gross and net calorific values - Calorimetry - DuLong’s formula for CV estimation - flue gas analysis - Orsat apparatus - fuel and ash storage and handling – spontaneous ignition temperatures.

SOLID FUELS AND LIQUID FUELSTypes - coal family - properties - calorific value - ROM, DMMF, DAF and bone dry basis - ranking - bulk and apparent density - storage - washability - coking and caking coals - renewable solid fuels - biomass - wood waste - agro fuels - manufactured solid fuels - types - sources - petroleum fractions - classification - refining - properties of liquid fuels - calorific value, specific gravity, flash and fire point, octane number, cetane number etc, - alcohols - tar sand oil - liquification of solid fuels.

GASEOUS FUELSClassification - composition and properties - estimation of calorific value - gas calorimeter. rich and lean gas - Wobble index - natural gas - dry and wet natural gas - stripped NG - foul and sweet NG - LPG - LNG - CNG - methane - producer gas - gasifiers - water gas - town gas - coal gasification - gasification efficiency - non-thermal route - biogas - digesters - reactions - viability - economics.

COMBUSTION: STOICHIOMETRY AND KINETICSStoichiometry - mass basis and volume basis, excess air calculation - fuel and flue gas compositions - calculations - rapid methods - combustion processes - stationary flame surface or flameless combustion - submerged combustion - pulsating and slow combustion explosive combustion - mechanism of combustion - ignition and ignition energy - spontaneous combustion - flame propagation - solid, liquid and gaseous fuels combustion - flame temperature - theoretical, adiabatic and actual - ignition limits - limits of inflammability.

COMBUSTION EQUIPMENTSCoal burning equipments - types - pulverized coal firing - fluidized bed firing - fixed bed and recycled bed - cyclone firing - spreader stokers - vibrating grate stokers - sprinkler stokers, traveling grate stokers - oil burners - vaporizing burners, atomizing burners - design of burners - gas burners - atmospheric gas burners - air aspiration gas burners - burners classification according to flame structures - factors affecting burners and combustion.

Text Book:

1. Samir Sarkar, Fuels and Combustion, 2nd Edition, Orient Longman, 1990.

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References:

1. Bhatt, Vora Stoichiometry, 2nd Edition, Tata Mcgraw Hill, 1984.2. Blokh AG, Heat Transfer in Steam Boiler Furnace, Hemisphere Publishing Corpn,

1988.3. Civil Davies, Calculations in Furnace Technology, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1966.4. Sharma SP, Mohan Chander, Fuels and Combustion, Tata Mcgraw Hill, 1984.

8


MEC5181 ENERGY LABORATORY L T P C

0 0 3 2

Renewable Energy Performance testing of solar water heater. Characteristics of Solar photovoltaic devices. Testing of Gasifier. Study of biogas plant. Properties of fuel oils, biomass, biogas. Solar Radiation measurement.

Energy Conservation Boiler efficiency testing. Motor and pump efficiency testing. Energy consumption measurement of lighting systems. Variable Frequency Drive. Heat Exchangers. Refrigeration and Air conditioning systems.

Study of Advanced Energy Systems Fuel Cell. Geo Thermal Energy. Thermal Storage Systems.

SEMESTER II

MEC510 ENERGY CONSERVATION AND L T P C

9


5 MANAGEMENT 3 0 0 3

INTRODUCTION Energy scenario – India and world – energy resources availability in India – energy consumption – pattern, energy conservation potential – various industries and commercial establishments, energy intensive industry – an overview - energy conservation and energy efficiency – needs and advantages, energy auditing – types, methodologies, barriers, role of energy manager – energy audit questionnaire – energy conservation act.

THERMAL ENERGY AUDITING Energy audit – purpose, methodology with respect to process industries, power plants, boilers etc. – characteristic method employed in certain energy intensive industries – various energy conservation measures in steam systems – losses in boiler – methodology of upgrading boiler programme – energy conservation in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems.

ELECTRICAL ENERGY SYSTEMS Captive power generation systems – biomass, wind and diesel power generation – KVA demand estimation – wheeling and banking concept – EB bill detailing. basics of monitoring and targeting – elements of monitoring and targeting, data and information analysis techniques – energy consumption, production, Cumulative sum of differences (CUSUM).

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRICAL UTILITIES Principle – types – performance evaluation of transformers, energy distribution - cable selection and cable losses, capacitors, electric motors, electrical heating and lighting systems.

ENERGY MANAGEMENT Importance of energy management, energy economics – discount rate, payback period, internal rate of return, life cycle costing risk and sensitivity analysis, financing, energy performance contract and role of ETCOS.

Text Book

1. Hamies, Energy Auditing and Conservation; Methods, Measurements, Management and Case Study, Hemisphere, Washington, 1980.

References

1. CB Smith, Energy Management Principles, Pergamon Press, New York, 1981.2. Trivedi, P. R., and Jolka, K. R., Energy Management, Common Wealth

Publication, New Delhi, 1997.3. Handbook on Energy Efficiency, TERI, New Delhi, 2001.4. Write, Larry C, Industrial Energy Management and Utilization, Hemisphere

Publishers, Washington, 1998.

MEC5106 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROL L T P C

3 0 0 3

10


INTRODUCTION Global atmospheric change – green house effect –ozone depletion - natural cycles - mass and energy transfer – material balance – environmental chemistry and biology – impacts – environmental legislations.

AIR POLLUTION Pollutants - sources and effect – air pollution meteorology – atmospheric dispersion –indoor air quality - control methods and equipments - issues in air pollution control – air sampling and measurement.

WATER POLLUTION Water resources - water pollutants - characteristics – quality - water treatment systems – wastewater treatment - treatment, utilization and disposal of sludge - monitoring compliance with standards.

WASTE MANAGEMENT Sources and classification – solid waste – hazardous waste - characteristics – collection and transportation - disposal – processing and energy recovery – waste minimization.

OTHER TYPES OF POLLUTION FROM INDUSTRIES Noise pollution and its impact - oil pollution - pesticides - instrumentation for EIA test - water pollution from tanneries and other industries and their control – environment impact assessment for various projects – case studies.

Text Book

1. G. Masters Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science, Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, 2003.

References

1. H. S. Peavy, D. R. Rowe, G. Tchobanoglous Environmental Engineering - McGraw- Hill Book Company, New York, 1985.

2. H.Ludwig, W.Evans, Manual of Environmental Technology in Developing Countries, International Book Company, Absecon Highlands, N.J., 1991.

3. Arcadio, P. Sincero and G. A. Sincero, Environmental Engineering – A Design Approach, Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, 2002.

11


MEC5107

INSTRUMENTATION FOR THERMAL SYSTEMS

L T P C3 0 0 3

MEASUREMENT CHARACTERISTICS Instrument classification, characteristics of instruments – static and dynamic, experimental error analysis, systematic and random errors, statistical analysis, uncertainty, experimental planning and selection of measuring instruments reliability of instruments.

MICROPROCESSORS AND COMPUTERS IN MEASUREMENT Data logging and acquisition use of intelligent instrument for error reduction, elements of micro-computer interfacing, intelligent instruments in use.

MEASUREMENT OF PHYSICAL QUANTITIES Measurement of thermo-physical properties, instruments for measuring temperature pressure and flow, use of intelligent instruments for the physical variables.

FLOW VISUALISATION Techniques, shadow graph, Schileren, interferometer, Laser Doppler anemometer, heat flux measurement, Telemetry in engines.

MEASUREMENT ANALYSIS Chemical, thermal, magnetic and optical gas analyzers, measurement of smoke, dust and moisture, gas chromatography, spectrometry, measurement of pH, Review of basic measurement techniques.

Text Book

1. Holman, J. P., Experimental methods for engineers, McGraw-Hill, 1958.

References

1. Barney, Intelligent Instrumentation, Prentice Hall of India, 1988.2. Prebrashensky. V., Measurement and Instrumentation in Heat Engineering,

Vol.1 and 2 MIR Publishers, 1980.3. Raman, C. S. Sharma, G.R., Mani, V.S.V., Instrumentation Devices and

Systems, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 1983.4. Doeblin, Measurement System Application and Design, McGraw-Hill, 1978.5. Morris, A. S, Principles of Measurements and Instrumentation Prentice Hall of

India, 1998.

12


MEC5108 RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS L T P C

3 0 0 3

INTRODUCTION World energy use – reserves of energy resources – environmental aspects of energy utilisation – renewable energy scenario in India – potentials – achievements – applications.

SOLAR ENERGY Solar thermal – flat plate and concentrating collectors – solar heating and cooling techniques – solar desalination – solar pond – solar cooker – solar thermal power plant solar photo voltaic conversion – solar cells – PV applications.

WIND ENERGY Wind data and energy estimation – types of wind energy systems – performance – details of wind turbine generator – safety and environmental aspects.

BIOMASS ENERGY Biomass direct combustion – biomass gasifier – biogas plant – ethanol production – bio diesel – cogeneration – biomass applications.

OTHER RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES Tidal energy – wave energy – open and closed OTEC cycles – small hydro – geothermal energy – fuel cell systems.

Text Book

1. G.D. Rai, Non Conventional Energy Sources, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 1999.

References

1. S. P. Sukhatme, Solar Energy, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 1997.

2. Godfrey Boyle, Renewable Energy, Power for a Sustainable Future, Oxford University Press, U.K, 1996.

3. Twidell, J. W. and Weir, A., Renewable Energy Sources, EFN Spon Ltd., UK, 1986.

4. G. N. Tiwari, Solar Energy – Fundamentals Design, Modelling and applications, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 2002.

5. L. L. Freris, Wind Energy Conversion systems, Prentice Hall, UK, 1990.6. Johnson Gary, L., Wind Energy Systems, Prentice Hall, New York, 1985.

13


MEC5109

ENERGY SYSTEMS MODELLING AND ANALYSIS

L T P C3 0 0 3

INTRODUCTION Primary energy analysis - dead states and energy components-energy balance for closed and control volume systems - applications of energy analysis for selected energy system design - modelling overview- levels and steps in model development - examples of models – curve fitting and regression analysis.

MODELLING AND SYSTEMS SIMULATION Modelling of energy systems – heat exchanger, solar collectors, distillation, rectifications, turbo machinery components, refrigeration systems - information flow diagram, solution of set of nonlinear algebraic equations, successive substitution, Newton Raphson - examples of energy systems simulation.

OPTIMISATION Objectives-constraints, problem formulation - unconstrained problems - necessary and sufficiency conditions - constrained optimisation- LaGrange multipliers, constrained variations, linear programming - simplex tableau, pivoting, sensitivity analysis.

ENERGY- ECONOMY MODELS Multiplier analysis - energy and environmental Input / Output analysis - energy aggregation – econometric energy demand modelling - overview of econometric methods - dynamic programming - search techniques - Univariate / Multivariate.

APPLICATIONS AND CASE STUDIES Case studies of optimisation in energy systems problems- dealing with uncertainty - probabilistic techniques - trade-offs between capital and energy using Pinch analysis.

Text Book:

1. W. F. Stoecker, Design of Thermal Systems, McGraw Hill, 1981.

References:

1. A. Bejan, G. Tsatsaronis and M. Moran, Thermal Design and Optimization, John Wiley and Sons, 1996.

2. S. S. Rao, Optimization theory and applications, Wiley Eastern, 1990.3. S.S. Sastry, Introductory methods of numerical Analysis, Prentice Hall, 1988.4. P. Meier, Energy Systems Analysis for Developing Countries, Springer Verlag,

1984.5. R. de Neufville, Applied Systems Analysis, McGraw Hill, International Edition,

1990.6. Beveridge and Schechter, Optimization Theory and Practice, McGraw Hill, 1970.

14


MEC5182 SIMULATION LABORATORY L T P C

0 0 3 2

Steady state conduction in solids. Steady state natural convection. Steady state radiation between black bodies. Combined conduction and convection (fluid - solid). Unsteady state conduction in solids. Unsteady state conduction and convection (fluid – solid). Steady state conduction in fluids. Steady state forced convection Steady state radiation between grey bodies. Combined conduction and convection in Fluids. Unsteady state conduction and convection in fluids. Solar radiation model. Energy system simulations.

15


LIST OF ELECTIVES

MEC5002 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS L T P C

3 0 0 3

[Common for M.Tech (CAD/CAM) AND M.Tech (Energy Engineering)]

INTRODUCTION TO FEAHistorical background, weighted residual methods - basic concept of FEM variation formulation of boundary value problems - Ritz method - finite element modeling - element equation - linear and quadratic shape functions - bar, beam, elements - application to heat transfer.

HEAT TRANSFER AND FLUIDMECHANICSBasic boundary value problems in 2 dimensions - triangular, quadrilateral, higher order elements - poisons and laplaces equation - weak formulation - element matrices and vectors - application to solid mechanics, heat transfer, fluid mechanics.

ISO-PARAMETRIC ELEMENTNatural co-ordinate systems - lagrangian interpolation polynomials - isoparametric, elements - formulation numerical integration – one dimensional - two dimensional triangular elements - rectangular elements - illustrative examples.

PLANE STRESS AND STRAINIntroduction to theory of elasticity - plane stress - plane strain and axisymetric formulation - principle of virtual work - element matrices using energy approach.

STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS APPLICATIONSDynamic analysis - equation of motions - mass matrices - free vibration analysis - natural frequencies of longitudinal - transverse and torsional vibration introduction to transient field problem - non linear analysis -uses of softwares - H and P elements - special element formulation.

Text Book

1. Reddy, J. N., An Introduction to the Finite Element Method, McGraw Hill, International Edition,1993

References

1. Segerlind, L. J., Applied Finite Element Analysis, John Wiley, 1984.2. Rao, S. S, Finite Element Method in Engineering, Pergamon Press, 1989.3. Chandrupatla and Belagundu, Finite Element in Engineering, Prentice Hall of

India Private Ltd, 1997.4. Cook,Robert, Davis, et.al, Concept and Applications of Finite Element Analysis,

Wiley, John and Sons,1999. 5. George, R, Buchaman, Schaum's Outline of Finite Element Analysis,

McGraw Hill Company, 1994.

16


MEC5018 HEAT TREATMENT TECHNIQUES L T P C3 0 0 3

[Common for M.Tech (CAD/CAM) and M.Tech (Energy Engineering)]

PROCESS

Technological aspects of heat treatment, viz., types of furnaces, controlled atmospheres

during heat treatment, modem quenching techniques etc. Conventional types of heat

treatment techniques.

MODERN SURFACE HARDENING

Modern surface hardening - Surface modification processes like laser hardening,

bronzing, plasma nitrating, Ion implantation, and Vapour deposition etc, Precipitation

hardening and strengthening.

HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL AND SUPER ALLOYS

Structure and properties of martensite in steels and non-ferrous alloys. Retained austenite.

Cryogenic treatment. Heat treatment of tool steels and special alloy steels such as TRIP

steels, maraging steels, PH stainless steels - Heat treatment of cobalt and nickel base

super alloys. Special aspects of heat treatment of titanium alloys and their structure -

property relationships

HEAT TREATMENT FOR DEPOSITS

Diffusion aspects in electroplated and electroless plated components – Micro-structural

changes for coated tools – Effect of heat treatment on the deposits produced by PVD and

CVD process.

CASE STUDIES ON METALLURGICAL ASPECTS OF HEAT TREATMENT

Structural changes - binary alloy, binary alloy with crystalline and amorphous

combination – Studies on crystallite size and micro strain.

TEXT BOOK

1. ASM Handbook Volume 04: Heat Treating, ISBN-13

2. Howard E. Boyer (1984), Practical Heat Treating (Hardcover) by, ASM

International Publisher.

REFERENCES

1. George E. Totten, Maurice A.H. Howes (1997), Steel Heat Treatment Handbook,

CRC Publications, 1st edition.

MEC501 COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS L T P C

17


9 3 0 0 3[(Common for M.Tech (CAD/CAM) AND M.Tech (Energy Engineering)]

GOVERNING DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION AND FINITE DIFFERENCE METHODClassification, initial and boundary conditions, initial and boundary value problems - finite difference method, central, forward, backward difference, uniform and non -uniform grids, numerical errors, grid independence test.

CONDUCTION HEAT TRANSFERSteady one-dimensional conduction, two and three dimensional steady state problems, transient one-dimensional problem, two-dimensional transient problems.

INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOWGoverning equations, stream function – verticity method, determination of pressure for viscous flow, simple procedure of Patankar and Spalding, computation of boundary layer flow, Finite difference approach.

CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER AND FEMSteady one-dimensional and two-dimensional convection – diffusion, unsteady one-dimensional convection – diffusion, unsteady two -dimensional convection – diffusion - introduction to finite element method – solution of steady heat conduction by FEM – incompressible flow – simulation by FEM.

TURBULENCE MODELSAlgebraic models – one equation model, K - models, standard and high and low Reynolds number models, prediction of fluid flow and heat transfer using standard codes.

Text Book:

1. Muralidhar, K., and Sundararajan, T., Computational Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 1995.

References:1. Ghoshdasdidar, P. S., Computer Simulation of flow and heat transfer, Tata

McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 1998.

2. Subas, V. Patankar Numerical heat transfer fluid flow, Hemisphere Publishing

Corporation,1980.

3. Taylor, C., and Hughes, J. B., Finite Element Programming of the Navier Stock Equation, Pineridge Press Limited, U.K., 1981.

4. Anderson, D. A., Tannehill, J. I., and Pletcher, R. H., Computational fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, New York, USA, 1984.

5. Fletcher, C. A. J., Computational Techniques for Fluid Dynamics 1, Fundamental and General Techniques, Springer, Verlag, 1987.

6. Fletcher, C. A. J., Computational Techniques for Fluid Dynamics 2, Specific Techniques for Different Flow Categories, Springer, Verlag, 1987.

7. Bose, T. X., Numerical Fluid Dynamics, Narosa Publishing House, 1997.

18


MEC5020 CORROSION ENGINEERING L T P C3 0 0 3


Principles:

Corrosion principles -Electro-chemical aspects, environmental effects, metallurgical

aspects. Forms of corrosion -characteristics and mechanisms.

Types of Corrosion:

Types of corrosion – basic classifications.

Corrosion Preventions:

Corrosion prevention -cathodic and anodic protection, inhibitors, coatings and design.

Corrosion in Metals and Alloys:

Metals and alloys, their corrosion resistance to different environments.

Corrosion Testing:

Types and techniques – Instruments – Advances in corrosion testing.

Reference Book:

1. Mars G. Fontana, Corrosion Engineering, Tata McGraw Hill, 1967

2. Pierce R.Roberge, Hand Book of Corrosion Engineering, McGraw Hill, 2005

3. Zaki Anand, Principles of Corrosion Engineering and Corrosion Control, Oxford

Press, 2006

4. R.Winston Revie, Corrosion and Corrosion Control, John Wiley & Sons INC,

2008

19


MEC5021 COMPOSITE MATERIALS TECHNOLOGYL T P C3 0 0 3


INTRODUCTIONLimitations of conventional materials - definition of composite materials - types and characteristics - applications.

MATERIALSFibbers - Materials - Fibber reinforced plastics - thermoset polymers - Coupling agents, fillers and additives - Metal Matrix and Ceramic composites.

MANUFACTURINGFundamentals - bag moulding - compression moulding pultrusion-filament winding - other manufacturing process - quality inspection and non-destructive testing.

MECHANICS AND PERFORMANCEIntroduction to micro-mechanics-unidirectional lamina - laminates - interlaminar stresses - static mechanical properties - fatigue properties - impact properties - environmental effects - fracture mechanics and toughening mechanisms, damage prediction, failure modes.

DESIGNFailure predictions - design considerations - joint design - codes - design examples. Optimization of laminated Composites - Application of FEM for design and analysis of laminated composites.

Text Books:1. Ronald Gibson, "Principles of Composite Material Mechanics ", Tata McGraw Hill, 1994.2. Micael hyer, "Stress Analysis of Fiber - Reinforced Composite Materials ", Tata McGrawHill, 1998.

References:1. P.K.Mallicak, "Fiber-reinforced composites ", Monal Deklar Inc., New York, 1988.2. B.D. Agarwal and L.J.Broutman, "Analysis and Performance of Fiber Composites ", John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1980.3. F.L.Matthews & R.D.Rawlings, "Composite Materials, Engineering and Sciences ", Chapman & hall, London, 1994.

20


MEC5023 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEL T P C3 0 0 3


INTRODUCTION TO FUZZY LOGIC

Basic concepts in Fuzzy Set theory – Operations of Fuzzy sets – Fuzzy relational equations – Propositional, Predicate Logic – Inference – Fuzzy Logic Principles – Fuzzy inference – Fuzzy Rule based systems – Fuzzification and defuzzification – Types.

FUZZY LOGIC APPLICATIONS

Fuzzy logic controllers – Principles – Various industrial Applications of Fuzzy logic control – Adaptive Fuzzy systems – Fuzzy Decision making – Fuzzy classification – Fuzzy pattern Recognition – Image Processing applications – Fuzzy optimization.

INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

Fundamentals of Neural networks – Neural network architectures – Learning methods – Taxonomy of Neural Network Architectures – Standard back propagation Algorithms – Selection of various parameters – Variations.

OTHER ANN ARCHITECTURES

Associative memory – Exponential Bidirectional Associative Memory – Adaptive Resonance Theory – Introduction – Adaptive Resonance Theory 1 – Adaptive Resonance Theory 2 – Applications – Kohen Self organizing maps – counter propagation networks – Industrial Applications.

RECENT ADVANCES

Fundamentals of Genetic Algorithms – Hybrid systems – Meta heuristic techniques like simulated Annealing, Tabu Search, Ant colony optimization, Perpetual self organizing, Artificial immune systems – Applications in Design and Manufacturing.

REFERENCES:

1. Klir, G.J. Yuan Bo, ‘Fuzzy sets and Fuzzy Logic: Theory and Applications’, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 1997.

2. Jacek M. Zurada, ‘Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems’ Jaico Publishing House, 1994

3. Simon Haykin, ‘Neural Networks – A comprehensive foundation’, Prentice Hall, 2nd

Edition, 1998.4. Laurene Fausett, ‘Fundamentals of Neural Networks, Architectures, Algorithms and

Applications, Prentice Hall, Englewood cliffs, 1994.5. S. Rajasekaran, GA Vijayalakshmi Pai, ‘Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic and Genetic

Algorithms’, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, 2003.

21


MEC5111

COGENERATION AND WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS

L T P C3 0 0 3

INTRODUCTION Introduction - principles of thermodynamics - cycles-topping, bottoming, combined cycle, organic Rankine cycle – performance indices of cogeneration systems – waste heat recovery – sources and types – concept of regeneration.

COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES Configuration and thermodynamic performance – steam turbine cogeneration systems, gas turbine cogeneration systems, reciprocating IC engines cogeneration systems, combined cycles cogeneration systems – advanced cogeneration systems, fuel cell, Stirling engines.

ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS OF COGENERATION TECHNOLOGIES Cogeneration plants- electrical interconnection issues – applications of cogeneration in utility sector, Industrial sector, building sector, rural sector, impacts of cogeneration plants – fuel, electricity and environment.

WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS Selection criteria for waste heat recovery technologies – recuperators, regenerators, economizers, plate heat exchangers, thermic fluid heaters - waste heat boilers- classification, location, service conditions, design considerations - fluidized bed heat exchangers, heat pipe exchangers, heat pumps, absorption systems. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS Investment cost – economic concepts, measures of economic performance, procedure for economic analysis, examples, procedure for optimized system selection and design – load curves - sensitivity analysis, regulatory and financial frame work for cogeneration and waste heat recovery systems.

Text Book

1. Charles H. Butler, Cogeneration, McGraw Hill Book Co., 1984.

References

1. EDUCOGEN – The European Educational tool for cogeneration, Second Edition, 2001.

2. Horlock, JH, Cogeneration - Heat and Power, Thermodynamics and Economics, Oxford, 1987.

3. Institute of Fuel, London, Waste Heat Recovery, Chapman and Hall Publishers, London, 1963.

4. Sengupta Subrata, Lee SS EDS, Waste Heat Utilization and Management, Hemisphere, Washington, 1983.

5. De Nevers, Noel., Air Pollution Control Engineering, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1995.

22


MEC5112 BOILER TECHNOLOGY L T P C

3 0 0 3

INTRODUCTION Boilers – classification – basic design steps – fuel stoichiometry calculations – enthalpy calculation of air and combustion products, heat balance.

DESIGN OF COAL PREPARATION SYSTEM Pulverizing properties of coal – air system for pulverization, size reducing machines – design of coal preparation system for pulverized coal boilers – fuel feeding arrangements.

DESIGN OF BURNERS Tangential fired burners – basics and design methods - oil burners – design of supply system – oil atomizer – air register – design principles.

DESIGN OF BOILER FURNACE General design principles – flame emissivity, heat transfer calculation for pulverized coal boiler furnace, water wall arrangement, furnace emissivity, distribution of heat load in furnace.

DESIGN OF CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER SURFACE Design of economizer, superheater, reheater, air preheater - temperature control in superheater and reheater.

Text Book

1. Ganapathy, V. Industrial Boilers and Heat Recovery Steam Generators, Marcel Dekker Ink, 2003.

References

1. Prabir Basu, Cen Kefa et.al, Boilers and Burners – Design and Theory, Springer, 2000.

2. David Gunn, Robert Horton, Industrial Boilers, Longman Scientific and Technical Publication, 1986.

3. Carl Schields, Boilers – Type, Characteristics and Functions, McGraw Hill Publishers, 1982.

MEC511 FLUIDIZED BED SYSTEMS L T P C23


3 3 0 0 3

FLUIDIZED BED BEHAVIOUR Characterization of bed particles - fluidization phenomena, regimes of fluidization, bed pressure drop curve, two phase and well mixed theory of fluidization, solids mixing, particle entrainment and elutriation, features of circulating fluidized beds, comparison of different methods of gas-solid contacts.

HEAT TRANSFER Different modes of heat transfer in fluidized bed to wall heat transfer, gas to solid heat transfer, radiant heat transfer, heat transfer in immersed surfaces, methods for improvement, external heat exchangers, heat transfer and part load operations.

COMBUSTION AND GASIFICATION Fluidized bed combustion and gasification, stages of combustion of particles, performance, start-up methods, pressurized fluidized bed systems, combustion in Circulating Fluidized Bed boilers.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Design of distributors – stoichiometric calculations, heat and mass balance, furnace design, design of heating surfaces, gas solid separators.

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES Physical operations like transportation, mixing of fine powders, heat exchange, coating, drying and sizing, principles of synthesis reactions, cracking and reforming of hydrocarbons, carbonization and gasification, calcining and clinkering and gas solid reactions, sulphur retention and oxides of nitrogen emission control.

Text Book

1. Howard, J.R., Fluidized Bed Technology: Principles and Applications, Adam Hilger, New York, 1983.

References

1. Kunii, D. and Levespiel, O., Fluidization Engineering, John Wiley and Son Inc, New York, 1969.

2. Geldart, D., Gas Fluidization Technology, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1986.

3. Howard, J. R. (Ed), Fluidized Beds: Combustion and Applications, Applied Science Publishers, New York, 1983.

4. Botteril, J. S. M., Fluid Bed Heat Transfer, Academic Press, London, 1975.5. Basu, P. and Fraser, S. A., Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers, Butterworth-

Heinemann, Boston, 1991.6. Yates, J. G., Fundamentals of Fluidized bed Chemical Processes,

Butterworths, 1983.7. Reed, T. B., Biomass Gasification: Principles and Technology, Noyes Data

Corporation, New Jersey, 1981.

MEC511 DESIGN OF HEAT EXCHANGER L T P C24


4 3 0 0 3[Common for M.Tech (CAD/CAM) and M.Tech (Energy Engineering)]

CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS AND HEAT TRANSFER Types – shell and tube heat exchangers, regenerators and recuperators – industrial applications – temperature distribution and its implications – analysis of heat exchangers – LMTD and effectiveness method.

FLOW AND STRESS ANALYSIS Effect of turbulence, friction factor, pressure loss, stress in tubes, header sheets and pressure vessels, thermal stresses, shear stresses, types of failures.

DESIGN ASPECTS Heat transfer and pressure loss, flow configuration, effect of baffles, effect of deviations from ideality – design of double pipe, finned tube, shell and tube heat exchangers.

COMPACT AND PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS Types – merits and demerits, design of compact heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers, performance influencing parameters, limitations.

CONDENSERS and COOLING TOWERS Design of surface and evaporative condensers, cooling tower – performance characteristics.

Text Book:

1. Taborek, T., Hewitt, G. F., and Afgan, N., Heat Exchangers, Theory and Practice, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1980.

References:

1. Walker, Industrial Heat Exchangers – A Basic Guide, McGraw Hill Book Co., 1980.

2. Nicholas Cheremistoff, Cooling Tower, Ann Arbor Science Pub., 1981.3. Arthur, P. Frass, Heat Exchanger Design, John Wiley and Sons, 1988.

25


MEC5115 THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEMS L T P C

3 0 0 3

INTRODUCTION Necessity of thermal storage – energy storage devices – comparison of energy storage technologies, seasonal thermal energy storage.

SENSIBLE HEAT STORAGE SYSTEM Basic concepts and modeling of heat storage units, modelling of simple water and rock bed storage system, pressurized water storage system, packed beds.

REGENERATORS Parallel flow and counter flow regenerators – finite conductivity model, nonlinear model, transient performance – step changes in inlet gas temperature, step changes in gas flow rate, parameterization of transient response, heat storage exchangers.

LATENT HEAT STORAGE SYSTEMS Storage materials, modelling of phase change problems – temperature based model, enthalpy model, porous medium approach, conduction dominated phase change, convection dominated phase change.

APPLICATIONS Specific areas of application of energy storage – food preservation, waste heat recovery, solar energy storage, green house heating, power plant applications – drying and heating for process industries.

Text Book

1. Schmidt, F. W., and Willmott, A. J., Thermal Storage and Regeneration, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 1981.

References

1. Lunardini, V. J., Heat Transfer in Cold Climates, D. Van Nostrand, Reinhold, N.Y 1981.

2. Ibrahim Dincer and Mark A. Rosen, Thermal Energy Storage Systems and Applications, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2002.

26


MEC6002 TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT L T P C

3 0 0 3[Common for M.Tech (CAD/CAM) and M.Tech (Energy Engineering)]

INTRODUCTIONPhilosophy of TQM, customer focus, organisation, top management commitment, teamwork, quality philosophies of Deming, Crossby and Muller.

QUALITY PROCESSQC tools, problem solving methodologies, new management tools, work habits, quality circles, bench marking, strategic quality planning.

QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROCESSQuality policy deployment, quality function deployment, standardization, designing for quality, manufacturing for quality.

ISO SYSTEMSNeed for ISO 9000 system, advantages, clauses of ISO 9000, Implementation of ISO 9000, quality costs, quality auditing, case studies.

IMPLEMENTATION OF TQMSteps in KAIZEN, 5S, JIT, POKAYOKE, Taguchi methods, case studies.

Text Book

1. Rose., J.E. Total Quality Management, Kogan Page Ltd., 1993.

References

1. John Bank, The Essence of total quality management, PHI 1993.2. Greg Bounds, Lyle Yorks et al, Beyond Total Quality Management, McGraw Hill,

1994.

27


MEC6004 MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT L T P C


BASICSMaintenance functions - Tero technology - maintenance costs - organization for maintenance - Japanese concept.

RELIABILITY ANALYSISReliability function - useful life - repair time distribution - Weibull application - standby systems - maintainability and availability - RCM.

MAINTANANCE POLICIESMaintenance types - Preventive maintenance - PM for functional characteristics and large scale systems - repair policy - PM and break down maintenance - Statistical applications - replacement models.

LOGISTICSSpare parts control - overall/optimum availability - maintenance planning - priority rules maintenance staffing UMS - maintenance manual.

ADVANCED TECHNIQUESCondition monitoring - WDM, SPM, vibration monitoring - maintenance information system - TPM - maximize equipment effectiveness.

Text Book

1. Edward Hartman, Maintenance Management, Productivity and Quality Publishing Pvt. Ltd., Madras, 1995.

References

1. Smith D.J. Reliability and Maintainability in perspective, Mac Millan Ltd., London, 1985.

2. Seiichi Nakagrima, Introduction to Total Productive Maintenance, Productivity press (India) Pvt. Ltd.,1993.

MEC600 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY L T P C28


5 3 0 0 3[Common for M.Tech (CAD/CAM) and M.Tech (Energy Engineering)]

INRODUCTIONObservation of research- motivation - types of research - approaches - significance -research methods versus methodology - research process - criteria of good research -formal science and empirical science - logic of scientific method - hypothetic deductive method - models - scientific attitude.

LOGICAL APPROACH Logical approach - soft system approach - creative approach - development of creativity - group problem solving techniques for idea generation - approaches to management research problem - investigation of idea by an experienced researcher - pilot study.

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHExperimental research- principles of experiment - laboratory experiments - experimental designs - quasi - experimental designs - action research - validity and reliability of experiments and quasi-experiments - sources of invalidity of experiments and quasi -experiments - choice of experimental design.

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATIONExploration for problem identification - hypothesis generation - formulation of the problem -heuristics and simulation - heuristic optimization- simulation modeling - measurement design-primary types of measurement scales - errors in measurement- validity and reliability in measurement - qualitative research methods.

PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION METHODS Primary data collection methods - sources of secondary data - non-sampling errors -validity and reliability of data collection procedures - data preparation- exploratory data analysis – statistical estimation - hypothesis testing - Univariate analysis - logic - identification of appropriate test- parametric tests - non-parametric tests - Bivariate analysis and hypothesis testing.

ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTSAnalysis of experiments data - analysis of single factor experiment - Latin square design randomized 2x2 factorial designs - multivariate analysis of data - dependence and interdependence analysis - pre-writing consideration - style and composition of the report - principles of thesis writing - format of reporting - briefing - rules for typing or word processing.

Text Book

1. Krishnaswamy, K.N. Appa Iyer Sivakumar. M.Mithran Management research methodology: Integration of principles, methods and techniques’ Pearson education, Delhi, 2006.

References1. Panneer selvam .R., Research methodology, PHI India ,2004.2. Kothari.C.R., Research methodology,1990.

MEC6006 QUALITY ENGINEERING L T P C

3 0 0 329



CONTROL CHARTSQuality – Definition, need – variation – causes – control charts for variable , R and σ charts – control charts for attributes – p, np, c, u chart, CUSUM charts, Exponential Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) chart.

ANALYSIS OF PROCESS CONTROL AND MULTIVARIATE QUALITY CONTROL Shift in process mean – probability of shift, ARL, process capability analysis, six sigma – Quality control for two independent variables, two dependent variables – Use of covariance matrix – Hotelling T control chart – Monitoring process variability.

ACCEPTANCE SAMPLINGSampling plans – need, types – single sampling plan – OC curve – construction, interpretation, AOQL, ATI – double sampling plan – probability of acceptance, ASN, ATI, AOQL – multiple sampling plans – design of sampling plans – use of Dodge Romig tables, IS2500 Part I and II.

QUALITY MANAGEMENTTPM – Overall equipment effectiveness, Failure mode effect analysis – Six sigma – Define Measure Analyse Improve Control (DMAIC) – Repeatability and Reproducibility, JIT – Kanban, Lean manufacturing.

SYSTEM CERTIFICATIONNeed for a quality system, ISO – elements, implementation documentation, auditing, QS 9000 – certification for automobile industries – TS/16949 concepts ISO 14000 – environmental requirements, Benefits Software quality – CMM levels.

Text Book

1. Mahajan, Statistical Quality Control, Dhanpat Rai and Co (P) Ltd, Third Edition, 2002.

References

1. Dougles C. Montgomery, Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, Fifth Edition, 2004.

2. Eugene L. Grant Richard S., Leven Worth, Statistical Quality Control McGraw Hill, Seventh Edition, 1996.

3. Kannan SM, Jayabalan V, Total Quality Management, McGraw Hill. Seventh Edition, 1996.

4. Seiichi Nakajima, Introduction to TPM, RKR Publications, 2005.

5. Sharma DD, Total Quality Management, Sultan Chand and Sons, 2002.

30


MEC6010

METROLOGY AND NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING

L T P C3 0 0 3


MEASUREMENT SYSTEMSTool maker's microscope - co-ordinate measuring machines - universal measuring machine - laser viewers for production profile checks - image shearing microscope - use of computers - machine vision technology, microprocessors in metrology.

STATISTICAL METHODSData presentation - statistical measures and tools - process capability - confidence and tolerance limits - control charts for variables and for fraction defectives - theory of probability - sampling - ABC standard - reliability and life testing.

LIQIUD PENETRANT AND MAGENETIC PARTICAL TESTINGCharacteristics of liquid penetrants - different washable systems - developers - applications - methods of production of magnetic fields - principles of operation of magnetic particle test - applications - advantages and limitations.

RADIOGRAPHYSources of ray - X-ray production - properties of X rays - film characteristics - exposure charts - contrasts operational characteristics of X ray equipment - applications.

ULTROSONIC AND ACCOUSTIC EMISSION TECHNIQUESProduction of ultrasonic waves - different types of waves - general characteristics of waves - pulse echo method - A, B, C scans - principles of acoustic emission techniques - advantages and limitations - instrumentation applications.

Text Book

1. Jain, R.K., Engineering Metrology, Khanna Publishers, 1997.

References

1. Barry Hull and Vernon John, Non Destructive Testing, MacMillan, 1988.2. American Society for Metals, Metals Hand Book, Vol.II, 1976.3. Progress in Acoustic Emission, Proceedings of 10th International Acoustic

Emission Symposium, Japanese Society for NDI, 1990.

31


MEC6012 ADVANCED OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES L T P C3 0 0 3


INTRODUCTION

Classification of optimization problems, Applications of optimization, concepts of design vector, Design constraints, constrains surface, objective function surfaces and multi-level optimization.

OPTIMIZATION – I

Karmakars method of solving L.P.problem, Quadratic programming, non-linear programming – unconstrained optimization techniques, Basics of constrained optimization.

OPTIMIZATION – II

Integer linear programming methods and application, Introduction to integer non-linear programming, Basics of geometric programming.

OPTIMIZATION – III

Multi-objective optimization methods and application, Formulation of problems – Separable programming and stochastic programming.

OPTIMIZATION – IV

Applications of Soft Computing Techniques – GA, SAA, Tabu search, Ants Colony Algorithm, ANN, Fuzzy Systems, PSO algorithm and other Meta-Heuristics.

REFERENCES:

1. Singiresu S.Rao, “Engineering optimization – Theory and practices”, John Wiley and Sons, 1996.

2. Ravindran – Phillips –Solberg, “Operations Research – Principles and Practice”, John Wiley and Sons, 1987.

3. Fredrick S.Hillier and G.J.Liberman, “Introduction to Operations Research”, McGraw Hill Inc. 1995.

32


MEC6015

ADVANCED ENGINEERING METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS

L T P C3 0 0 3


REVIEW ON METROLOGY

Definition of metrology-Linear measuring instruments: Vernier, micrometer, interval measurement, Slip gauges and classification, interferometery, optical flats, limit gauges- Comparators: Mechanical, pneumatic and electrical types, applications.Angular measurements: -Sine bar, optical bevel protractor, angle Decker – Taper measurements.

LIMITS, FITS AND TOLERANCES

General Concepts - Units and Standards - Measuring instruments - Sensitivity, readability, range of accuracy, precision - Static and dynamic response - Repeatability hystersis - Systematic and random errors – Correction calibration.Limits – Tolerance - accuracy - fits – Clearance fit, Transition fit, Interference fit.

STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL

Fundamental concepts of Quality – Quality – Quality control – Benefits – Limitations – concept of variation – types – causes – normal curve – theory on control charts – types

CONCEPTS IN SELECTIVE ASSEMBLY

Definition of selective assembly - advantages – disadvantages – application – need - methods – concepts of selective assembly .

STUDY OF AN APPLICATION IN THE NEARBY INDUSTRIES

Visiting an Industry – submitting a report.

REFERENCES:

1. ASME Hand book of Industries Metrology, Printice Hall of India1992.2. “Metrology for Engineers” G.N.Galyer. F.W and C.R. Shotbolt, ELBS edn.19903. “A Text Book of Engineering Metrology” I.C. Kupta, Dhanpat Rai and Sons

Publication 1990.

33


MEC6020 MECHANICAL TESTING OF MATERIALS L T P C


HARDNESS TESTINGHardness - Hardness tests like Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers, Meyer, Knoop, Shore-scleroscope, Poldi & Monotron, relationship with flow curve – Plastic flow analysis

FLOW PROPERTY TESTING Tension - Engineering & true stress-strain curves, evaluation of tensile properties tensile instability, effect of strain-rate & temperature on flow properties - Compression - Comparison with tension, buckling & barreling. Bending - Pure bending & flexure formula. Torsion - Stresses for elastic & plastic strain, Torsion vs. Tension - Impact - Notched bar impact tests, transition Temperature & metallurgical factors affecting it.

FATIGUE AND CREEPFatigue - Stress cycles & S-N curve, effect of variables like mean stress, stress concentration, surface, size, metallurgical factors etc. Creep - Creep, stress rupture & stress relaxation tests, development of creep resistant alloys, prediction of long time properties.

POLYMER TESTINGPolymer testing (sample preparation, testing standards and methods, analysis of polymer and additives) - problems of polymer (thermoxidative degradation, fire hazards, toxicity, effluent disposal, feedstock scarcity).

CASE STUDIESCase studies in failure analysis. Prevention of failures

TEXT BOOK1. Dowling, Norman E (2006), Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Prentice Hall, 3rd

Edition. 2. Marc Andre Meyers, Krishan Kumar Chawla, Mechanical Behavior of Materials,

Prentice Hall, 1998

REFERENCE1. Yung-Li Lee, Jwo Pan, Richard Hathaway, Mark Barkey (2004),

Fatigue Testing and Analysis: Theory and Practice, Butterworth-Heinemann.2. Norman E. Dowling (1998), Mechanical Behavior of Materials: Engineering

Methods for Deformation, Fracture, and Fatigue, Prentice Hall; 2nd edition.3. Jacek J. Skrzypek and Richard B. Hetnarski (1993), Plasticity and Creep: Theory,

Examples, and Problems, CRC Press

34


MEC6022 APPLIED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY L T P C


ELASTIC AND PLASTIC BEHAVIOUR Elasticity in metals and polymers - mechanism of plastic deformation, role of dislocations, yield stress, shear strength of perfect and real crystals - strengthening mechanisms, work hardening, solid sectioning, grain boundary strengthening, poly phase mixture, precipitation, particle, fiber and dispersion strengthening - effect of temperature, strain and strain rate on plastic behaviors - super plasticity - deformation of non-crystalline material.

FRACTURE BEHAVIOUR Griffith theory, stress intensity factor and fracture toughness - Toughening mechanisms - ductile, brittle transition in steel - high temperature fracture, creep - Larson-Miller parameter - deformation and fracture mechanism maps - fatigue, low and high cycle fatigue test, crack initiation and propagation mechanisms and Paris law - effect of surface and metallurgical parameters on fatigue - fracture of non metallic materials - failure analysis, sources of failure, procedure of failure analysis.

SELECTION OF MATERIALS Motivation for selection, cost basis and service requirements - selection for mechanical properties, strength, toughness, fatigue and creep - selection for surface durability corrosion and wear resistance - relationship between materials selection and processing - case studies in materials selection with relevance to aero, auto, marine, machinery and nuclear applications.

MODERN METALLIC MATERIALS Dual phase steels, micro alloyed, High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) steel, transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steel, maraging steel - intermetallics, Ni and Ti aluminides - smart materials, shape memory alloys - metallic glass - quasi crystal and nano crystalline materials.

NON METALLIC MATERIALS Polymeric materials - formation of polymer structure - production techniques of fibers, foams, adhesives and coatings - structure, properties and applications of engineering polymers - advanced structural ceramics, WC, TiC, TaC, AI2O3, SiC, Si3N4, CBN and diamond - properties, processing and applications.

Text Book

1. Thomas H.Courtney, Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, (2nd Edition), McGraw-Hill, 2000.

References1. Charles J.A., Crane, F.A.A and Furness, J.A.G., Selection and use of Engineering

Materials, (3rd Edition), Butterworth-Heiremann, 1977.2. Flinn, R.A. and Trojan, P.K., Engineering Materials and their Applications , (4th

Edition), Jaico, 1999.3. George E.Dieter, Mechanical Metallurgy, McGraw Hill, 1988.4. Metals Hand Book, Vol.10, "Failure Analysis and Prevention, (10th Edition),

1994.

35


MEC6024 INDUSTRIAL SAFETY MANAGEMENT L T P C


BASICS OF INDUSTRIAL SAFETY MANAGEMENTHistory, development of safety - evaluation of modern safety concepts - role of government, trade union and management - safety management functions - safety organization, safety department, safety committee – safety management techniques - job safety analysis, plant safety inspection, safety audit, safety sampling technique, safety survey - performance measurements and motivation - employee participation - safety and productivity.

OPERATIONAL SAFETY – IHot metal operation – boiler and pressure vessels, heat treatment shop, gas furnace operation, electroplating, hot bending pipes, safety in welding and cutting - cold metal operation - safety in machine shop, cold bending and chamfering of pipes, metal cutting, shot blasting, grinding, painting - power press and other machines.

OPERATIONAL SAFETY - IISafety in layout design and material handling, dock safety, machine guarding - safety in use of electricity - management of toxic gases and chemicals - safety in chemical laboratories, ammonia printing - safety in sewage disposal and cleaning – industrial pollution - working at heights - Industrial fires and prevention - managing emergencies in industries - on-site and off-site emergencies, control of major industrial hazards

PROTECTING DEVICES AND ACCIDENT PREVENTIONPersonal protective equipment - causes and cost of accidents - basic philosophy of accident prevention - accident prevention programmes - specific hazard control strategies-HAZOP - house keeping - safety education and training - first aid- fire fighting devices - accident reporting, investigations and statistics - industrial psychology in accident prevention.

LAWS RELATED TO SAFETY AND INDUSTRIAL HYGIENESafety and health standards - industrial hygiene and occupational disease prevention, welfare facilities - history of legislation’s related to safety - safety provisions in the factory act - Workmen compensation act - environmental protection act - electricity act – OHSA.

Text Book

1. Lees, F.P., Loss Prevention in Process Industries, Butterworths, New Delhi, 1986.2. Occupational Safety manual, BHEL, Trichy, 2002.

36


Reference

1. John V.Girmaldi and Rollin H.Simonds, Safety management, All India Travellers bookseller, New Delhi, 1989.

2. Accident Prevention Manual for Industrial Operations, NSC, Chicago, 1982.3. Heinrich H.W., Industrial Accident Prevention, McGraw-Hill, 1980.4. Brown D.B., System Analysis and Design for Safety, Prentice Hall Inc., New

Jersy, 1976.5. Handbook of Occupational Health and Safety, NSC Chicago, 19826. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Vol. I and II, International

Labour Organisation, Geneva, 1985.

37


MEC6101 ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNIQUES L T P C

3 0 0 3

BASICSEnergy conservation – conventional techniques – reversible and irreversible cycles – Carnot, Stirling and Ericsson – Otto, Diesel, dual, Lenior, Atkinson, Brayton, Rankine.

DIRECT CONSERVATION OF THERMAL TO ELECTRICAL ENERGYThermoelectric converters – thermoelectric refrigerator – thermoelectric generator – thermionic converters – Ferro electric converter – Nernst effect generator – thermo magnetic converter.

CHEMICAL AND ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGYBatteries – types – working – performance governing parameters – hydrogen energy – solar cells.

ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS Introduction – storage of mechanical energy, electrical energy, chemical energy, thermal energy.

FUEL CELLS Basics – working, advantages and drawbacks – types – comparative analysis – thermodynamics and kinetics of fuel cell process – performance of fuel cell – applications.

Text Book:

1. Archie. W. Culp, Principles of Energy Conversion, McGraw-Hill Inc., Singapore, 1991.

References:

1. K. Kordesch, G. Simader, Fuel Cell and Their Applications, Wiley-Vch, Germany 1996.

2. M. A. Kettari, Direct Energy Conservation, Addision – Wesley Pub. Co, 1997.3. A. B. Hart and G. J. Womack, Fuel Cells: Theory and Application, Prentice Hall,

Newyork Ltd., London, 1989.

38


MEC6102

POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION AND UTILIZATION

L T P C3 0 0 3

CONVENTIONAL POWER GENERATION Steam power plant-selection of site-generated layout, coal and ash handling-steam generating plants-feed make circuit, cooling towers, turbine governing - hydro power plant-selection of site, classification layout governing of turbines, nuclear power plants -selection of site, classification layout governing of turbines, nuclear fuels - nuclear reactors, nuclear disposal - gas turbine plants.

NON CONVENTIONAL POWER GENERATION Wind power generation - characteristics of wind power, design of wind mills - tidal power generation-single and two basin systems - turbines for tidal power - solar power generation-energy from biomass, biogas and waste.

ECONOMICS OF POWER GENERATION Daily load curves-load factor-diversity factor-load deviation curve-load management-number and size of generating unit, cost of electrical energy, tariff, power factor improvement.

ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSION Online diagram of transmission, sub transmission and distribution systems, comparison of systems(DC and AC)- EHVAC and HVDC transmission-layout of substations and bus bar arrangements - equivalents circuit of short, medium and large lines - transmission efficiency, regulation, reactive power, compensation, transmission, loss minimization.

UTILISATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY Selection of electrical drives - Electrical characteristics and mechanical consideration s-size, rating and cost Transformer characteristics-illumination-laws of illumination, polar curve, incandescent, fluorescent and vapour lamps-Design of OLTC lighting scheme of industry, electrical welding-energy efficient aspects of devices.

Text Book

1. C. L. Wadhwa, Generation Distribution and utilization of Electrical Energy, Wiley Eastern Ltd., India, 1989.

References

1. V. A. Venikov and B. V. Put Yatin, Introduction of Energy Technology, Electric power Engineering, MIR Publishers, Moscow, 1984.

2. M. L. Soni, P. V. Gupta and V. S. A. Bhatnagar, Course in Electrical Power, Dhanpat Rai and Sons, New Delhi, 1983.

3. J. W. Twidell and A. D. Weir, Renewable Energy Sources, ELBS Edition 1986.

4. A. J. Wood and B. F. Wallenberg, Power Generation, Operation and Control,2nd Edition, JohnWiley and Sons, New York, 1986,

5. E. Khan, Electrical Utility Planning and Regulation, American Council for an n Energy Efficient Economy, Washington D.C., 1988.

MEC610 WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ENERGY L T P C39


3 RECOVERY 3 0 0 3

SOLID WASTE – CHARACTERISTICS AND PERSPECTIVES Definition - types – sources – generation and estimation - properties - physical, chemical and biological – regulation.

COLLECTION, TRANSPORTATION AND PROCESSING TECHNIQUES Onsite handling, storage and processing – types of waste collection mechanisms - transfer stations - types and location – manual component separation - volume reduction - mechanical, thermal – separation - mechanical, magnetic and electro mechanical. ENERGY GENERATION TECHNIQUES Basics, types, working and typical conversion efficiencies of composting – anaerobic digestion – RDF – combustion – incineration – gasification – pyrolysis.

HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Hazardous waste – definition - potential sources - waste sources by industry – impacts – waste control methods – transportation regulations - risk assessment - remediation technologies.

ULTIMATE DISPOSALLandfill – classification – site selection parameters – design aspects – Leachate control – environmental monitoring system for land fill gases.

Text Book:

1. Tchobanoglous, Theisen and Vigil, Integrated Solid Waste Management, 2d Ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1993.

References:

1. Howard S. Peavy et.al, Environmental Engineering, McGraw Hill International 2nd

Edition, 1985. 2. LaGrega, M., et al., Hazardous Waste Management, McGraw-Hill, C. 1200

pp.,ed., 2001.3. Stanley E. Manahan. Hazardous Waste Chemistry, Toxicology and Treatment,

Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan, 1990.4. Parker, Colin and Roberts, Energy from Waste – An Evaluation of Conversion

Technologies, Elsevier Applied Science, London, 1985.5. Manoj Datta, Waste Disposal in Engineered Landfills, Narosa Publishing House,

1997.

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MEC6104 CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM L T P C

3 0 0 3

CLIMATE SCIENCE World energy scenario - observed and modelled changes in climate - role of aerosols - climate change scenarios - global warming – factors contributing – comparison of global warming potential of GHG – impacts.

KYOTO PROTOCOL FORMATIONHistorical perspectives from the industrial revolution to the United Nations Framework -convention on climate change and the Kyoto protocol, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

KYOTO PROTOCOL Article 1 through 28 - accounted GHGs in Kyoto protocol – source categorization of GHG emissions – reduction commitment of Annexe B countries – C D M, joint implementation and emissions trading.

CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM AND BASELINE STUDY SCENARIO CDM and its economic viability for renewable energy projects – advantages for developing countries – emission and efficiency scenario of different energy sources for power generation - Baseline study – methodology – boundary conditions – base line fixing – typical case studies.

RECENT ADVANCEMENTSCertification program – emission trade – policy and implications.

Text Book

1. Somerville, Richard C. J., Understanding Environmental Change, and the Forgiving Air, Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1996.

References

1. John Houghton, Global Warming, The Complete Briefing, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1997.

2. T. L Roleff, S. Barbour and K. L. Swisher, Global Warming, Opposing Viewpoints, Greenhaven Press, San Diego, 1997.

41


MEC6105 SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS L T P C

3 0 0 3

BASICS IN SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMSDifferent types of renewable energy sources – sun as a source of energy – solar radiation – extra terrestrial at earth’s surface – horizontal, tilted surface – estimation of radiation – hourly, daily and monthly average – alternation of solar radiation by atmosphere – effect of orientation of receiving surface.

MEASUREMENT OF SOLAR RADIATIONMeasurement of solar radiation – radiation characteristics of opaque materials – radiation transmission through covers and absorption of collectors.

FLAT PLATE COLLECTORSTheory of flat plate collectors – liquid and air flat plate collectors – design, performance and testing – other types of flat plate collectors.

CONCENTRATING COLLECTORSTheory of concentrating collectors – modes of tracking – cylindrical parabolic collector – compound parabolic collector – central receiver collector – fixed reflector and tracking absorber collector – design, performance and testing.

APPLICATIONSThermal energy storage – various methods and applications, solar ponds – thermal applications – thermal power conversion, solar cooling and heating – solar desalination – drying – solar pumping.

Text Book

1. J. A. Duffie and W. A. Beckmann, Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, John Wiley, London, 1991.

References

1. Sukhatme, S. P., Solar Energy Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., 1996.

2. Kreith, F., and Kreider J. F., Principles of Solar Engineering, McGraw hill Book Co., 1978.

3. Garg, H.P., Treatise on Solar Energy, Volume 1, 2 and 3, John Wiley and Sons, 1982.

4. Seshadri et.al., Climatological and Solar Data for India, Sarita Prakashan, 1969.

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MEC6106 BIO ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNIQUES L T P C

3 0 0 3

BASICS IN BIOMASS STUDY Biomass- types – advantages and drawbacks – Indian scenario – characteristics – carbon neutrality – conversion mechanisms – fuel assessment studies.

BIOMETHANATION Microbial systems – phases in biogas production – parameters affecting gas production – effect of additives on biogas yield – possible feed stocks - biogas plants – types – design – constructional details and comparison – biogas appliances – burner, illumination and power generation – effect on engine performance.

COMBUSTION Perfect, complete and incomplete – equivalence ratio – fixed bed, fluid bed – fuel and ash handling – steam cost comparison with conventional fuels - briquetting - types of briquetting – merits and demerits – feed requirements and preprocessing – advantages – drawbacks.

GASIFICATION Types – comparison – application – performance evaluation – economics – dual fuel engines – 100 % gas engines – engine characteristics on gas mode – gas cooling and cleaning train.

PYROLYSIS AND CARBONISATION Types – process governing parameters – thermo gravimetric analysis – differential thermal analysis – differential scanning calorimetry – typical yield rates.

Text Book

1. David Boyles, Bio Energy Technology Thermodynamics and costs, Ellis Hoknood, Chichester, 1984.

References

1. Khandelwal, KC, Mahdi, SS., Biogas Technology – A Practical Handbook, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1986.

2. R. C. Mahaeswari, Bio Energy for Rural Energisation, Concepts Publication, 1997.

3. Tom, B. Reed, Biomass Gasification – Principles and Technology, Noyce DataCorporation, 1981

4. Best Practises Manual for Biomass Briquetting, I R E D A, 1997.5. S. Eriksson and M. Prior, The briquetting of Agricultural wastes for fuel, FAO

Energy and Environment paper, 1990.

43


MEC6107 NUCLEAR ENGINEERING L T P C

3 0 0 3

NUCLEAR REACTIONS Mechanism of nuclear fission - nuclides - radioactivity – decay chains - neutron reactions - the fission process - reactors - types of fast breeding reactor - design and construction of nuclear reactors - heat transfer techniques in nuclear reactors - reactor shielding.

REACTOR MATERIALS Nuclear fuel cycles - characteristics of nuclear fuels - uranium - production and purification of uranium - conversion to UF4 and UF6 - other fuels like zirconium, thorium - beryllium.

REPROCESSING Nuclear fuel cycles - spent fuel characteristics - role of solvent extraction in reprocessing - solvent extraction equipment.

SEPARATION OF REACTOR PRODUCTS Processes to be considered - 'Fuel Element' Dissolution - precipitation process – Ion exchange - Redox - Purex - TTA - Chelation -U235 -Hexone - TBP and Thorax processes - Oxidative Slagging and Electro - Refining - Isotopes - principles of isotope separation.

WASTE DISPOSAL AND RADIATION PROTECTION Types of nuclear wastes - safety control and pollution control and abatement - international convention on safety aspects - radiation hazards prevention.

Text Book

1. S. Glasstone and A. Sesonske, Nuclear Reactor Engineering, 3 rd Edition, Von Nostrand, 1981.

References

1. J. R. Lamarsh, Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Theroy, Wesley, 1966.2. J. J. Duderstadt and L. J. Hamiition, Nuclear Reactor Analysis - John Wiley, 1976.3. A. E. Walter and A. B. Reynolds Fast Breeder Reactor, Pergamon Press, 1981.4. R. H. S. Winterton, Thermal Design of Nuclear Reactors, Pergamon Press, 1981.

44


MEC6108 WIND ENERGY AND OTHER SYSTEMS L T P C

3 0 0 3

BASICS IN WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS Structure - statistics - measurements and data presentation – wind turbine aerodynamics – momentum theories - basic aerodynamics – airfoils and their characteristics – HAWT - blade element theory – Prandtl’s lifting line theory (Prescribed wake analysis) VAWT aerodynamics - wind turbine loads – aerodynamic loads in steady operation – wind turbulence –Yawed Operation and Tower Shadow.WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS (WECS) Siting- rotor selection - annual energy output - Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) - Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) - rotor design considerations - number of blades- blade profile- 2/3 blades and teetering – coning - upwind / downwind - power regulation - Yaw System - tower- synchronous and asynchronous generators and loads - integration of wind energy converters to electrical networks - inverters - testing of WECS - WECS control system- requirements and strategies - miscellaneous topics- noise etc - other applications.

GEO – THERMAL ENERGY SOURCES Introduction – estimates to geo thermal sources – hydro thermal resources – applications for thermal and electricity generation – prime movers – impulse and reaction turbines. small and medium scale hydro power- ocean energy- introduction – OTEC conversion – thermal electric power generation, energy utilization – heat exchangers – site selection – potential impacts.

TIDES AND WAVES ENERGY SOURCES Introduction – principle of tidal power – power plants – applications - utilization of tidal energy - application - site requirements - storage systems - different methods and potential in India-wave energy – introduction - basic concepts - wave power devices - wave energy conversion devices.

HYDRO POWER RESOURCES Introduction - hydro electric basic concepts - hydro power plant- potential applications - potential development hydro power stations - components of hydro electric scheme - environmental aspects- potential impacts of harnessing the different renewable energy resources.

Text Book

1. L. L. Freris, Wind Energy Conversion Systems, Prentice Hall, 1990.

References

1. D. A. Spera, Wind Turbine Technology: Fundamental concepts of Wind Turbine Engineering, ASME Press.

2. A. Duffie and W. A. Beckmann, Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, John Wiley, 1980.

3. F. Kreith and J. F. Kreider, Principles of solar Engineering, McGraw-Hill, 1978.

MEC6109 AEROSPACE PROPULSION L T P C45


3 0 0 3

ELEMENTS OF AIRCRAFT PROPULSION Classification of power plants based on methods of aircraft propulsion – Propulsive efficiency – Specific fuel consumption - Thrust and power- Factors affecting thrust and power- Illustration of working of Gas turbine engine - Characteristics of turboprop, turbofan and turbojet , Ram jet, Scram jet – Methods of Thrust augmentation.

PROPELLER THEORY Momentum / actuator disc theory, Blade element theory, combined blade element and momentum theory, vortex theory, rotor in hover, rotor model with cylindrical wake and constant circulation along blade, free wake model, Constant chord and ideal twist rotors, Lateral flapping, Coriolis forces, reaction torque, compressibility effects, Ground effect.

INLETS, NOZZLES AND COMBUSTION CHAMBERS Subsonic and supersonic inlets – Relation between minimum area ratio and external deceleration ratio – Starting problem in supersonic inlets –Modes of inlet operation, jet nozzle – Efficiencies – Over expanded, under and optimum expansion in nozzles – Thrust reversal. Classification of Combustion chambers - Combustion chamber performance – Flame tube cooling – Flame stabilization.

COMPRESSORS AND TURBINES Centrifugal compressor – Work done and pressure rise – Velocity diagrams – Elementary theory of axial flow compressor – degree of reaction – Impulse and reaction gas turbines – Velocity triangles – Choice of blade profile, pitch and chord.

ROCKET PROPULSIONIntroduction to rocket propulsion – Reaction principle – Thrust equation – Classification of rockets based on propellants used – solid, liquid and hybrid – Comparison of these engines with special reference to rocket performance – Thrust control in liquid rockets.

TEXT BOOKS1. Hill,P.G. and Peterson, C.R. Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion,

Addison – Wesley Longman Inc. 19992. Cohen, H. Rogers, G.F.C. and Saravanamuttoo,H.I.H, Gas Turbine Theory,

Longman,1989

REFERENCES1. G.C. Oates, “Aerothermodynamics of Aircraft Engine Components”, AIAA

Education Series, 1985.2. G.P.Sutton, “Rocket Propulsion Elements”, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York,

5th Edition, 1986.3. W.P.Gill, H.J.Smith & J.E. Ziurys, “Fundamentals of Internal Combustion

Engines as applied to Reciprocating, Gas turbine & Jet Propulsion Power Plants”, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., 1980.

MEC6110 HYPERSONIC AERODYNAMICS L T P C

46


3 0 0 3

BASICS OF HYPERSONIC AERODYNAMICSThin shock layers – entropy layers – low density and high density flows – hypersonic flight paths hypersonic flight similarity parameters – shock wave and expansion wave relations of inviscid hypersonic flows.

SURFACE INCLINATION METHODS FOR HYPERSONIC INVISCID FLOWS

Local surface inclination methods – modified Newtonian Law – Newtonian theory – tangent wedge or tangent cone and shock expansion methods – Calculation of surface flow properties

APPROXIMATE METHODS FOR INVISCID HYPERSONIC FLOWSApproximate methods hypersonic small disturbance equation and theory – thin shock layer theory – blast wave theory - entropy effects - rotational method of characteristics - hypersonic shock wave shapes and correlations.

VISCOUS HYPERSONIC FLOW THEORY Navier–Stokes equations – boundary layer equations for hypersonic flow – hypersonic boundary layer – hypersonic boundary layer theory and non similar hypersonic boundary layers – hypersonic aerodynamic heating and entropy layers effects on aerodynamic heating.

VISCOUS INTERACTIONS IN HYPERSONIC FLOWS Strong and weak viscous interactions – hypersonic shockwaves and boundary layer interactions – Role of similarity parameter for laminar viscous interactions in hypersonic viscous flow.

TEXT BOOKS1. John D. Anderson, Jr, Hypersonic and High Temperature Gas Dynamics,

McGraw-Hill Series, New York, 1996.

1 REFERENCES

1. John.D.Anderson, Jr., Modern Compressible Flow with Historical perspective

Hypersonic Series.

2. William H. Heiser and David T. Pratt, Hypersonic Air Breathing propulsion,

AIAA Education Series.

3. John T. Bertin, Hypersonic Aerothermodynamics, 1994 AIAA Inc., Washington

D.C.

47


MEC6111 HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS DYNAMICS L T P C3 0 0 3

INTRODUCTION Nature of high temperature flows – Chemical effects in air – Real perfect gases – Gibb’s free energy and entropy by chemical and non equilibrium – Chemically reacting mixtures and boundary layers.

STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS Introduction to statistical thermodynamics – Relevance to hypersonic flow - Microscopic description of gases – Boltzman distribution – Cartesian function

KINETIC THEORY AND HYPERSONIC FLOWS Chemical equilibrium calculation of equilibrium composition of high temperature air – equilibrium properties of high temperature air – collision frequency and mean free path – velocity and speed distribution functions.

INVISCID HIGH TEMPERATURE FLOWS Equilibrium and non – equilibrium flows – governing equations for inviscid high temperature equilibrium flows – equilibrium normal and oblique shock wave flows – frozen and equilibrium flows – equilibrium conical and blunt body flows – governing equations for non equilibrium inviscid flows.

TRANSPORT PROPERTIES IN HIGH TEMPERATURE GASES Transport coefficients – mechanisms of diffusion – total thermal conductivity – transport characteristics for high temperature air – radiative transparent gases – radiative transfer equation for transport, absorbing and emitting and absorbing gases.

TEXT BOOKS

1. John D. Anderson, Jr., Hypersonic and High Temperature Gas Dynamics, McGraw-Hill Series, New York, 1996.

2. John D. Anderson, Jr., Modern Compressible Flow with Historical perspective McGraw-Hill Series, New York, 1996.

REFERENCES1. William H. Heiser and David T. Pratt, Hypersonic Air breathing propulsion, AIAA

Education Series.2. John T. Bertin, Hypersonic Aerothermodynamics publishers - AIAA Inc.,

Washington, D.C.,1994.3. T.K.Bose, High Temperature Gas Dynamics,

MEC6112 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS L T P C

48


3 0 0 3

THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE ANALYSIS OF AIR-BREATHING PROPULSION SYSTEMS

Air breathing propulsion systems like Turbojet, turboprop, ducted fan, Ramjet and Air augmented rockets – Thermodynamic cycles – Pulse propulsion – Combustion process in pulse jet engines – inlet charging process – Supercritical charging and subcritical discharging – Subcritical charging and subcritical discharging – Subcritical charging and supercritical discharging.

RAMJETS AND AIR AUGMENTED ROCKETSPreliminary performance calculations – Diffuser design and hypersonic inlets – combustor and nozzle design – air augmented rockets – engines with supersonic combustion.

SCRAMJET PROPULSION SYSTEMFundamental considerations of hypersonic air breathing vehicles – Preliminary concepts in engine airframe integration – calculation of propulsion flow path – flow path integration – Various types of supersonic combustors – fundamental requirements of supersonic combustors – Mixing of fuel jets in supersonic cross flow – performance estimation of supersonic combustors.

NUCLEAR PROPULSION Nuclear rocket engine design and performance – nuclear rocket reactors – nuclear rocket nozzles – nuclear rocket engine control – radioisotope propulsion – basic thruster configurations – thruster technology – heat source development – nozzle development – nozzle performance of radioisotope propulsion systems.

ELECTRIC AND ION PROPULSIONBasic concepts in electric propulsion – power requirements and rocket efficiency – thermal thrusters – electrostatic thrusters – plasma thruster of the art and future trends – Fundamentals of ion propulsion – performance analysis – electrical thrust devices – ion rocket engine.

TEXT BOOKS1. G.P. Sutton, “Rocket Propulsion Elements”, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York,

1998.2. William H. Heiser and David T. Pratt, Hypersonic Air breathing propulsion,

AIAA Education Series, 2001.

REFERENCES1. Fortescue and Stark, Spacecraft Systems Engineering, 1999. 2. Cumpsty, Jet propulsion, Cambridge University Press, 2003.

49


MEC6113 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS IN FLUID MECHANICS

L T P C3 0 0 3

BASIC MEASUREMENTS IN FLUID MECHANICS Objective of experimental studies – Fluid mechanics measurements – Properties of fluids – Measuring instruments – Performance terms associated with measurement systems – Direct measurements - Analogue methods – Flow visualization –Components of measuring systems – Importance of model studies - Experiments on Taylor-Proudman theorem and Ekman layer – Measurements in boundary layers -

WIND TUNNEL MEASEUREMENTSCharacteristic features, operation and performance of low speed, transonic, supersonic and special tunnels - Power losses in a wind tunnel – Instrumentation and calibration of wind tunnels – Turbulence- Wind tunnel balance – Principle and application and uses – Balance calibration.

FLOW VISUALIZATION METHODSVisualization techniques – Smoke tunnel – Hele-Shaw apparatus - Interferometer – Fringe-Displacement method – Shadowgraph - Schlieren system – Background Oriented Schliren (BOS) System. PRESSURE, VELOCITY AND TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS Pitot-Static tube characteristics - Velocity measurements - Hot-wire anemometry – Constant current and Constant temperature Hot-Wire anemometer – Hot-film anemometry – Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) – Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) – Pressure Sensitive Paints - Pressure measurement techniques - Pressure transducers – Temperature measurements.

DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS AND UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS Data acquisition and processing – Signal conditioning - Estimation of measurement errors – Uncertainty calculation - Uses of uncertainty analysis.

TEXT BOOKS1. Rathakrishnan, E., “Instrumentation, Measurements, and Experiments in Fluids,”

CRC Press – Taylor & Francis, 2007.

REFERENCES

1. Robert B Northrop, “Introduction to Instrumentation and Measurements”, Second

Edition, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, 2006.

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