Do people live in the same location of early cultural hearths?

Early Cultural Hearths

Current World Population Density

RISE OF CITIES

Characteristics of a City

Why do cities form?

• Use the following pictures to create a list of factors that create cities.

Detroit

What other factors can lead to the development of a city?

• Brasilia ( government mandated city)

What comes after a city starts to develop?

• Schools

• Banks

• Housing

• Transportation

• Hospitals

• Energy

• Cultural Centers

What will happen to cities if a resource disappears?

Rustbelt of America

Urban Urban AreasAreas

Urban AreasUrban Areas •Urban – having something to do with cities. People make a living in ways other than farming.

•Urban areas grouped by:

- population or

- economic activities

Kinds of Kinds of Urban Urban AreasAreas

•Suburbs – areas around a city – large central city•Metropolitan Area – land of a central city and all of its suburbs.•Megalopolis: chain of closely linked metropolitan areas “great city” “Boswash” Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington DC•Primate City: leading city in its country or region

BosWashPrimate City

•Manufacturing

•Government – national, state, provincial capitals.

•Transportation

•Trade/office – generally will be located in a central area.

•Other functions:

- recreation ctrs

- educational ctrs

- religious ctrs

History of History of CitiesCities

•Started about 6,000 years ago.

•First cities:

- Mesopotamia (SW Asia)

Urban Urban FunctionsFunctions

(Eco. (Eco. Activities)Activities)

•Specialization started to develop:

- artisans - merchants

- farmers - ruling elite (military or

religious leaders)

along the Tigris/Euphrates Rivers

- 4,000 BCE

•Running the cities – (usually the ruling elite)- wrote the laws- levied taxes- supervised public building

Earliest Earliest Great CityGreat City

•Rome – ctr of Roman Empire

- built all over Europe

- roads still used today

Sketch a map

- developed the grid system to lay out their cities (later spread all over Europe)

- brought water from the mountains by aqueducts

•Fall of the Roman Empire

- invasion of Germanic tribes

Middle Middle AgesAges

•Villages and cities started to increase again after the Dark Ages

•Trade between the villages would develop into large cities. Two of the largest cities would be Paris and London.

IndustriaIndustrial l RevolutioRevolutionn

•Next large growth of cites – started in Europe and would spread to N. America in the late 1700s.

ImmigratiImmigration & 2on & 2ndnd AgriculturAgricultural al RevolutionRevolution

•Helped spread urbanization in the 20th c.Rural to Urban Migration

•Dramatically increased the size of cities in North America.

Urban Urban EnvironmEnvironmentent

•Shaped by human activities

- cities have to deal with problems and increasing population

Urban Urban LandscapLandscapee

•Site and situation

-influence whether people will settle in certain area

- 2 factors influence this:

ExactExact

locationlocationSite

-actual physical features (landforms, waterways, climate, etc.)

Relative Relative locationlocation

Situation

-position of a place in relation to all places around it.

•A city’s good situation guarantees its influence over the area•A city business district (CBD) has areas around it that supply it with raw materials and farm products – called the HINTERLAND.

•The hinterland gets its manufactured products and services from the city.

Impact of Impact of Urban Urban DevelopmenDevelopmentt

•People change the natural landscape to build the city.- animal/plant habitats are destroyed

- arable land being used for development

Hinterland CBD

Burgess Burgess ModelModel

Urban Urban ClimateClimate

•urban areas are warmer than rural areas.

•Cities are “URBAN HEAT ISLANDS” (can be up to 3º warmer)

•Buildings change wind patterns.

Urban LifeUrban Life •Common urban problems- unemployment- Housing- Sanitation

- Transportation- Water- Crime- Fire- racial/religious conflict- environmental pollution- decline of the Central Business District

- gentrification: the restoration of run-down urban areas by the middle class (resulting in the displacement of low-income residents).  

When Urbanization occurs quickly more problems occur

Reasons Reasons for for urbanizatiurbanizationon

• Economics: More job opportunities and higher wages

World World Patterns of Patterns of Urban Urban DevelopmeDevelopmentnt

•48% of the world’s people live in urban areas.

•Developed countries – 75%

•Developing countries – 35% live in cities

•Last 20 years in developing countries - rapid population growth.

• By 2025 – 60% of the world’s population will live in cities. All but one of the largest cities in the world will be in developing countries.

Cities grow because of immigration of people

• Migration: the movement of people from place to place• Immigrant: A person who comes to live permanently in a

foreign country.• Emigrant: A person who leaves their own country to

settle permanently in another • Refugee: A person who has been forced to leave their

country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster.

• Internally Displaced Person: someone who is forced to flee their home but who, unlike a refugee, remains within

their country's borders

Push/Pull Factors

• Migration happens because of push/pull factors• Push factors: factors that make people leave

their country (pushes them out)– Example: lack of jobs, political instability, civil war,

famine/droughts

• Pull factors: factors that draw people to another country (pulls them in)– Examples: Job opportunity, political freedom,

religious freedom, better climate,….