Do Now

• What is matter?

• What are elements?

• What is the periodic table used for?

Do Now

• What is a compound?

• Give an example

• Name 3 elements found in our body.

• What are the 3 parts of an atom and where are they located?

Do Now• What are carbohydrates used in our bodies

for?

• Name some examples of foods containing carbohydrates.

• What are lipids used in our bodies for?

• Name examples of foods that contain both saturated and unsaturated fats.

Objectives• To understand why we need protein in our

diet.

• To explain the function of nucleic acids in our bodies.

• To understand how water provides a medium for chemical reactions in our body.

Chapter Objectives

• To list the different molecules found in living things.

• To explain what bonds are used for.

• To determine the different functions of the 4 macromolecules as well as water in the body.

• To understand why our bodies undergo chemical reactions.

• To list and describe the different macromolecules found in our bodies.

“How Cells Function”

Chapter 2

Elements and Matter• What is matter?

• Anything that has mass and takes up space

• Living and non living

• All living and non-living things can be broken down into different elements.

• Elements: a pure substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by physical or chemical means. Consists of atoms of only 1 types

Periodic Table Activity

• Get a red, blue, and green colored pencil

• Make a key at the bottom of the paper with the 3 colors.

• For the following elements shade in the chemical symbol RED, the atomic number BLUE, and the atomic mass GREEN• Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen,

Calcium, Phosphorus

• Each element has it’s own set of properties.• Ex: Oxygen

• Colorless• Odorless• gas

Elements in the bodyList in notebook:

• Oxygen – 65%

• Carbon – 18%

• Hydrogen – 10%

• Nitrogen – 3 %

• Calcium – 2 %

• Phosphorus – 1%

• 19 others

• Can be found as a pure element or as a compound.

• Compound: atoms of 2 or more elements joined together by chemical bonds.• Ex: H2O (has both elements hydrogen

and oxygen in it)

Atoms

• Elements are made up of atoms

• Atom: smallest unit of an element that still retains the properties of that element.

• Atoms are the building blocks of matter

• Contain 3 parts• Protons: positively charged, contain mass

• Neutrons: no charge, contain mass

• Electrons: negatively charged, insignificant mass

+

-

Chemical Reactions

• Why do we need chemical reactions?

• Chemical Reactions: bonds between atoms are broken or formed to make different molecules in the body.

• Broken bonds release energy• Formed bonds store energy

ACTIVITY

Baking soda + Vinegar

2 Chemical Reactions

1. HC2H3O2 + NaHCO3 NaC2H3O2 + H2CO3

2. H2CO3 H2O + CO2

OR Mentos in Soda!

=

LOTS OF BUBBLES (carbon dioxide)

LETS WATCH!

Macromolecules

• Macro= BIG/LARGE

• 4 different macromolecules all doing a different job in our body….

1. Carbohydrates

• Give us energy!

• Simple sugars made up of C, H, + O

• Types of Carbs:• Simple: sugars like glucose, fructose,

galactose• Ex: cookies, candy

• Complex: starches, glycogen, cellulose (fiber)• Ex: potatoes, leafy vegetables

2. Lipids (fats, oils, waxes)

• Store energy, insulation, protection

• Made up of C,H,O

• Contain a glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains

• Fats are hydroPHOBIC- do not dissolve/mix in water.

• Types of Lipids:• Saturated: solid fat, BAD FOR YOU, comes

from animals• Ex: lard, butter, fat on steak or chicken

• Unsaturated: liquid, better for you, comes from vegetables• Ex: vegetable oil, peanut oil, canola oil

Protein

• Growth, repair, enzymes, transport

• Made of C,H,O,N, and sometimes sulfur

• Structure is repeating amino acids• Body makes some, we must EAT to get others. • Order of amino acids tells the protein what job it has.

Nucleic Acids• Holds genetic information in the form of

DNA or RNA

• Made up of C,O,H,N,P

• Subunits of nucleic acids

are called nucleotides

DNA vs. RNA

• Types:• DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid (the

blueprints for our cells)

• RNA: ribonucleic acid (helps take the blueprints and make protein)

Water• Chemical reactions take place in water!

• 2/3 of every cell is water

• Known as the “universal solvent” because it dissolves things. • Ex: lemonade, kool aid, etc.

• Made up of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen = H20

• Is polar due to H+ and O- charge

• Water makes up 70% of your body mass

• Cannot dissolve lipids (fats), our membranes are made up of lipids