Do-Now Tuesday, January 6th

Agenda• Do-Now•

Homework

A REPUBLICAN DECADE

Presidents Waren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge – DOMESTIC & FOREIGN POLICIES

Quick Review

Who was president during WWI? What party was he affiliated with?What happened in the US and abroad

following WWI?

…Why would people vote Republican then

in 1921?

1920s

Republicans controlled all 3 branches of governmentPresidents – Harding, Coolidge, HooverHeld majority in CongressSupreme Court – chief justice former

President Taft

Harding – Foreign Policy

Isolationism – rejected membership in League of Nations

Disarmament – program where nations voluntarily gave up weapons Washington Conference

Fordney-McCumber Tariff – raised import taxes discouraged imports that competed with American goods Tariff angers European countries trying to pay back debt; US

government reduces its own debts. Dawes Plan-

payment schedule for German reparations, reorganized German Bank, approved loan to Germany

Harding – Domestic Policy

Nativism – favor native born Americans Due to Patriotism, Religion, Urban Conditions,

Jobs, Red Scare Congress passes National Origins Act of 1924 –

places quota on ethnic groups Introduced anti-lynching legislation & wanted to see All

Americans treated as equals

Teapot Dome Scandal – Secretary of Interior Albert B. Fall secretly sold oil-

drilling rights on government oil fields

Coolidge – Foreign Policies

Kellogg-Briand Pact 15 nations pledged not to use the threat of war on

one another More than 60 nations eventually join Had no provisions for enforcement

Coolidge – Domestic Policy

Laissez-faire“The chief business of the American people is business”

Lowered income & inheritance taxes Higher tariffs benefiting domestic

manufacturing Did not regulate stock buying on easy credit Would not help victims of natural disasters

Republican Trends in 1920s

Favored business Sought social stabilityBelieved social stability fostered

economic growth

Vocabulary

Corresponds with page 1 in your packets

Socialism

An economic and political philosophyFavors public (or “social”) control instead

of private control of property and incomeRequires strong government regulation

Communism

Official ideology of Soviet UnionComplete government ownership of all

means of productionLack of individual rights

Capitalism

economic system in which property is privately owned and goods are privately produced

sometimes referred to as the private enterprise system

In this system, individuals can maximize profits because they own the means of production

Demobilization

To disband military units, dispose of their equipment and return their personnel to civilian life, most notably after the end of a war

Related: DisarmamentProgram in which nations of the world

voluntarily give up their weapons

Red Scare

Anti communism in the US in 1919 and 1920 which included a gov’t crackdown focusing on foreigners and labor unions

Left-winged supporters became suspectsLeft-wing : radical, liberal, leaning toward

socialism or political change to improve public well-being

Palmer Raids:

Part of the postwar "Red Scare” Targeted foreign-born radicals Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer instructed agents

of the Justice Department to raid offices and homes arrested thousands of people often without warrants destroyed property and conducting unlawful searches

* With all this unconstitutionality, it is no coincidence that the American Civil Liberties Union was founded in the same year as the Palmer raids occurred.

Related: Quota

A numerical limit Placed on different ethnic groups during

1920s so only an exact amount of people could enter the US from that particular country

Emma Goldman

United States anarchist (born in Russia) who opposed conscription

Deported to the Soviet Union in 1919 Known for her political activism, writing,

and speeches

Isolationism

Policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations

Foreign policy after WWI in which U.S. refused to join the League of Nations or engage in diplomatic alliances

lasted until U.S. entry into World War II

Teapot Dome Scandal

Political scandal during Harding administration Involved granting oil-drilling rights on

government land in return for money. Corruption; Tarnishes reputation of Harding

administration

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another15 nations pledged not to use the threat of

war on one anotherMore than 60 nations eventually joinHad no provisions for enforcement

Fordney-McCumber Tarriff Act

raised import taxesdiscouraged imports that competed with

American goodsTariff angers European countries trying to

pay back debt; US government reduces its own debts.

American Plan

A term that most U.S. employers in the 1920s used to describe their policy of refusing to negotiate with unions

Promoted union-free open shopsAs a result, union membership in 1920

shrank from 5 million to some 3.6 million in 1923

Merger

The combination of two or more companies, generally by offering the stockholders of one company securities in the acquiring company in exchange for the surrender of their stock.