Do-LaterDo-LaterComing soon…Coming soon…

Thursday, February Thursday, February 1919thth

AgendaAgenda• Notes• Discussion• Do-Later

HomeworkHomeworkFinish your writing assignment, review your notes in preparation for your open-notebook test tomorrow. Test covers Jeffersonian Era through the war of 1812.

The Battle of New The Battle of New OrleansOrleansand the War of 1812 draws to an and the War of 1812 draws to an

endend

Who took part in the battle?...Who took part in the battle?... A ragtag group of American forces led by JacksonA ragtag group of American forces led by Jackson

Including: in addition to regular U.S. Army units, local Including: in addition to regular U.S. Army units, local militiamen, Choctaw Indian warriors, black former Haitian slaves militiamen, Choctaw Indian warriors, black former Haitian slaves fighting as free men of color, Kentucky and Tennessee fighting as free men of color, Kentucky and Tennessee frontiersmen armed with deadly long rifles, a colorful band of frontiersmen armed with deadly long rifles, a colorful band of Baratarian pirates led by Jean LafitteBaratarian pirates led by Jean Lafitte

This hodgepodge of 4,000 soldiers, crammed behind narrow This hodgepodge of 4,000 soldiers, crammed behind narrow fortifications, faced more than twice their number fortifications, faced more than twice their number

vs.vs. ““The greatest army in the world” led by PakenhamThe greatest army in the world” led by Pakenham

Including: army and navy men fresh from Napoleonic Including: army and navy men fresh from Napoleonic campaigns, Vice-Admiral Alexander Cochrane and the British campaigns, Vice-Admiral Alexander Cochrane and the British navy, the First and Fifth West India Regiments, made up of navy, the First and Fifth West India Regiments, made up of about one thousand black soldiers from Jamaica, Barbados, and about one thousand black soldiers from Jamaica, Barbados, and the Bahamas. Some of these units recruited and trained the Bahamas. Some of these units recruited and trained American slaves who escaped to British lines, attracted by the American slaves who escaped to British lines, attracted by the promise of freedom. promise of freedom.

Major General Andrew Major General Andrew JacksonJackson

Tennessee nativeTennessee native ““Old Hickory”, “Hawkface”Old Hickory”, “Hawkface”

Experienced in battle Experienced in battle against the Spaniards, against the Spaniards, Native AmericansNative Americans

Became famous for his Became famous for his success in the Battle of success in the Battle of New OrleansNew Orleans Later elected presidentLater elected president

Passionate & charismatic Passionate & charismatic leader leader inspired local men as well as inspired local men as well as

his troops to fight against the his troops to fight against the BritishBritish

expansionistexpansionist

Battle of Horseshoe Battle of Horseshoe BendBend

Gained Jackson recognition as a generalGained Jackson recognition as a general March 27, 1814March 27, 1814 Jackson against the “red stick” Creek IndiansJackson against the “red stick” Creek Indians Destroyed Native American power in the southDestroyed Native American power in the south

Major General Sir Edward Major General Sir Edward PakenhamPakenham

Britain sent between 11,000 Britain sent between 11,000 and 14,450 troopsand 14,450 troops to fight to fight under his command under his command All All experienced veteransexperienced veterans of of

Napoleonic war Napoleonic war

His was considered the His was considered the finest finest army in the worldarmy in the world

Killed in battle on January 8Killed in battle on January 8thth, , 1815, the decisive ending 1815, the decisive ending battle of the War of 1812battle of the War of 1812

The Battle of New OrleansThe Battle of New Orleans

The Battle of New OrleansThe Battle of New Orleans

Actually a 6 month campaign, a Actually a 6 month campaign, a series series of 4 battles for of 4 battles for control of the port of New Orleans control of the port of New Orleans

Decisive battle January 8, 1815Decisive battle January 8, 1815, , Andrew Jackson leads Andrew Jackson leads the Americans to defeat the British, causing them to the Americans to defeat the British, causing them to withdraw from New Orleanswithdraw from New Orleans

Why was New Orleans so Why was New Orleans so important?important?

Access to the westAccess to the west

Vital port, access to the gulfVital port, access to the gulf

Could potentially cut off the Could potentially cut off the center of the United States center of the United States from access to international from access to international trade and transportationtrade and transportation

Without access to this port, Without access to this port, what would happen?what would happen?

The ResultThe Result

American victory at New Orleans forced American victory at New Orleans forced the British to recognize US claims to LA & the British to recognize US claims to LA & West FLWest FL

British ratify the Treaty of GhentBritish ratify the Treaty of Ghent

Ending the warEnding the war

The Battle of New Orleans also marked The Battle of New Orleans also marked Louisiana’s statehoodLouisiana’s statehood

The ResultThe Result

Andrew Jackson is a national heroAndrew Jackson is a national heroThe United States is able to retain The United States is able to retain

use of New Orleans as a portuse of New Orleans as a portInterior lands (drained by the Mississippi Interior lands (drained by the Mississippi

River) keep access to the sea for tradeRiver) keep access to the sea for trade

The Problem with “Sail The Problem with “Sail Mail”…Mail”…

Slow mail system, Slow mail system, news of the Treaty of Ghent news of the Treaty of Ghent did not reach the continental US for nearly 2 did not reach the continental US for nearly 2 monthsmonths! !

Never had to happen…Never had to happen…

The Hartford ConventionThe Hartford Convention Disgruntled New Englanders discussDisgruntled New Englanders discuss

secession and/or amending the secession and/or amending the

constitutionconstitution

The Battle of New OrleansThe Battle of New Orleans

Neither ever had to happen, the war was Neither ever had to happen, the war was over already!over already!

The Hartford ConventionThe Hartford Convention

Treaty of Treaty of GhentGhent

Peace on Christmas EvePeace on Christmas Eve Signed December 24, 1814Signed December 24, 1814

What was gained in the What was gained in the treaty? What was lost?treaty? What was lost? Not much.Not much.

Treaty merely ended Treaty merely ended hostilitieshostilities on both sides, on both sides, restored pre-war restored pre-war conditionsconditions Americans considered it a Americans considered it a

triumphtriumph

Think about it…Think about it…

When the treaty of Ghent When the treaty of Ghent had gained so little, why had gained so little, why did most did most Americans Americans consider the War of 1812 consider the War of 1812 a victorya victory??

Putting it into Putting it into perspectiveperspective

That which was a That which was a life-or-death struggle forlife-or-death struggle for Anglo-Anglo-Americans, Native Americans, and CanadiansAmericans, Native Americans, and Canadians, , went went barely noticed by most Britishbarely noticed by most British..

The War of 1812 simply paled in comparison to the The War of 1812 simply paled in comparison to the continental war with Napoleon.continental war with Napoleon.

Lasting ImpactLasting ImpactWhat were the What were the effectseffects of the of the

conclusion of the War of 1812?conclusion of the War of 1812? ““America’s second war for independenceAmerica’s second war for independence”” Put America on the map as Put America on the map as an international an international

powerpower, no longer an “awkward teenager,” , no longer an “awkward teenager,” respectrespect

The young US now had The young US now had international international recognitionrecognition; known as a force to be ; known as a force to be reckoned withreckoned with

Do-Later: WritingDo-Later: WritingYour assignment (choose 1):Your assignment (choose 1):

Option 1Option 1 : Play the role of a sportscaster, : Play the role of a sportscaster, in in >>2 paragraphs, write a play-by-play radio show 2 paragraphs, write a play-by-play radio show detailing the events at the Battle of New Orleans. detailing the events at the Battle of New Orleans. Exciting and detailed are the key elements.Exciting and detailed are the key elements.

Option 2Option 2 : Re-write history. In : Re-write history. In >>2 paragraphs, 2 paragraphs, describe what would have happened following a LOSS describe what would have happened following a LOSS at the battle of New Orleans. What would have at the battle of New Orleans. What would have resulted if resulted if the battle had been won by the British? the battle had been won by the British? How would things have been different?How would things have been different?

Test Tomorrow, Open-Test Tomorrow, Open-NotebookNotebook

Tomorrow’s test will be open notebook Tomorrow’s test will be open notebook and cover information from Jefferson’s and cover information from Jefferson’s presidency through the war of 1812.presidency through the war of 1812.

HOMEWORK:HOMEWORK:

Tonight, review your notes, handouts, Tonight, review your notes, handouts, readings, homeworks, etc. in preparation. readings, homeworks, etc. in preparation.

Begins with Election of 1800, ends with Begins with Election of 1800, ends with battle of new orleansbattle of new orleans