DNA TECHNOLOGIES

DNA Fingerprinting

Gene Therapy

DNA fragments

Compares fragments to determine relatedness

Paternity, Identity and Criminal cases

DNA FINGERPRINTING

Ö Step 1 – Extract DNA

Ö Step 2 – Cut into fragments

Ö Step 3 – Separate fragments

Ö Step 4 – “Southern blot”

Ö Step 5 – Link fragments to probes

Ö Step 6 – Identify fragments with probes

Ö Step 7 – Repeat with different probes

Ö Step 8 – Compare patterns

DNA FINGERPRINTING STEPS

STEP 1 – EXTRACT DNA DNA is obtained from samples

obtained from individuals, trace evidence

Blood Semen Hair follicle Saliva Tissue embedded in wounds, etc Squames

STEP 2 – CUTTING OF THE DNA

Restriction Enzymes cut the DNA at specific places e.g. HaeIII cuts at GGCC occurs

STEP 3 – SEPARATE DNA FRAGMENTS

STEP 4 - SOUTHERN BLOT

STEP 5 –THRU 7 – LABELING FRAGMENTS

COMPARING PATTERNS

MORE PATTERN EXAMPLES

PaternityMissing Persons

Identify target DNA

Isolate and amplify target DNA

Insert target DNA into plasmids

Amplify plasmids

Expose target cells

Check for gene insertion

GENE CLONING

GENE CLONING

Insulin human gene inserted in E.

coli

Growth Hormonehuman gene inserted in E.

coli

Factor VIIIclotting protein

GENE ENGINEERING - GMOS

GENE ENGINEERING

An AquAdvantage salmon behind a non-transgenic Atlantic salmon sibling of the same age.