dna primer jl lo and hc lee 2000 june-july. introduction protein_2.ps intro1.ps
TRANSCRIPT
What is DNA (去氧核糖核酸 )?• Huge 1D molecule - two strands of nucleotides – d
ouble helix• Information for life
• Cell > DNA > Nucleotide (核甘酸 ) > Base pair
• Nucleotide bases(鹼基 )
– Guanine (G) , Adenine (A), Cytosine (C) Thymine (T)
Bases of Nucleotides 核甘酸的鹼基
• Pyrimidine 嘧啶(鹼基)– T (Thymine) 胸腺嘧啶– C (Cytosine) 胞嘧啶
• Purine 漂呤(鹼基)– A (Adenine) 胺漂呤– G (Guanine) 鳥漂呤
How big is the Human Genome?
• Contains over 3 billion base pairs
• One meter long when fully streched
• Size of 6 billion genomes, one from each person on earth = 1 meter long human hair
• 150000 times under
• electron micrograph
What is a Gene?
One Gene One ProteinOver 100,000 genes reside in the human genome
• Each gene (DNA sequence) contains the genetic code of a protein (amino acid sequence)
• Gene to protein
transcription
translation
From DNA to Protein (I)
• Transcription 轉錄– Copies and splices a gene (single strand of DN
A sequence) into an mRNA sequence
• Translation 翻譯– Converts mRNA into a protein (string of amino
acids) • Promoter
– tells the cell when to turn on the gene and how much transcription will occur
Transcription 轉錄• Start signal (e.g. TATAAT) and stop signal
(e.g. AAAAA)
• Splicing: keep exons
外碼子 , throw out
intron 內碼子 • mRNA: concatena-
tion of exons
Translation 翻譯
• Genetic code: – 3-nucleotides = a CODON
• 64 codons (密碼子 )– 3 stop codons – Rest (61) codes to 20 amino acid
s• Figure gene.pdf