dna fingerprint ethnotyping report richard c. stewart · 2019-06-20 · dna fingerprint ethnotyping...
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DNA Fingerprint Ethnotyping Report Richard C. Stewart
Case T082344
Amended 5-23-07
Distinct genetic systems known as autosomes located on multiple chromosomes were analyzed after being extracted and multiplied by PCR at Sorenson Genomics. This generated an identifying DNA profile for the subject. The table shown below depicts the alleles, or scores, at each marker location, or locus, on the DNA, as well as the random match probability. The resulting DNA Fingerprint reflects inherited changes from all previous generations and can uniquely identify an individual with probable ethnic matches (Balding et al., 2001). Since the 1990s, this test has provided forensic evidence used in criminal cases to prove, for example, that blood found on a crime victim belongs to a certain suspect (Butler). The test is also used to establish paternity and maternity by comparing the DNA of parent and offspring (Carmichael). More recently, it has been adapted to explore our ancestral origins.
Locus Profile D8S1179 13 14 D21S11 29 30 D7S820 10 11 CSFIPO 11 12 D3S1358 14 16
THO1 6 8 D13S317 10 12 D16S539 9 12 D2S1338 18 25 D19S433 16 17
VWA 17 19 TPOX 11 11
D18S51 12 17 D5S818 11 13
FGA 18 20 The cumulative Random Match Probability of such markers occurring together as shown above is 1.18x 10‐21. The likelihood of the subject’s profile occurring in another individual of the same ethnicity is 1 in 47,200,000,000,000,000,000. Such a number can be taken as a measure of the relative rarity or commonness of the subject’s genetic profile. The subject’s type is quite rare.
Thirteen (13) of these scores shown in green and yellow above and known as CODIS markers were compared with profile frequencies for over 300 populations from around the world stored in a databank known as OmniPop (Burritt). The following populations proved to be the top matches for the subject (the numbers in parentheses are keyed to the original published data):
Rank 9-Marker Top Matches out of 300+
Populations (with Key to Data) RMP
1 Basques (6) 4.92E+10 2 PBSO Caucasian (4) 8.74E+10 3 Catalans (Spain) (6) 9.88E+10 4 Andalusians (Spain) (6) 9.91E+10 5 Portuguese (6) 1.12E+11 6 Michigan Nat.Am. (2) 1.30E+11 7 Norwegian (224) 1.34E+11 8 Northern and Central Moroccan Berbers (31) 1.41E+11 9 FBI Caucasian (1) 1.93E+11
10 Scottish (11) 2.14E+11 11 Michigan Caucasian (2) 2.21E+11 12 RCMP Saskatchewan Aboriginal (56) 2.29E+11 13 Saskatchewan Native Americans (2) 2.32E+11 14 PC/BT Caucasian (4) 2.40E+11 15 Florida Caucasian (2) 2.44E+11 16 Belgian (99) 2.48E+11 17 Spanish (103) 2.53E+11 18 Portuguese (Azores) (66) 2.62E+11 19 ABI-ID Caucasian (23) 2.82E+11 20 Bhumihar Brahmin (India) (72) 2.83E+11
To translate a Random Match Probability figure such as 4.92+E10, add 10 digits (zeros) to the right of the decimal point. This produces odds of 1 in 49,200,000,000 for the occurrence of the subject’s profile in Peruvians. The lower the number the stronger the match. Results are shown on the attached ancestry map, where green indicates locations of strongest probable genetic origins, red likely absence of ancestry, and brown weak or ambiguous contributions of ancestry. Clusters of bright green confirm major prehistoric ancestral homelands. An additional search was made for high Random Match Probabilities in the ENFSI database, which covers only European populations, specifically 22 countries in the European Union. The top ten matches were:
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Rank in Europe Population
1 Denmark 2 Scotland/Dundee 3 Norway 4 France/Toulouse 5 Spain 6 Czech Republic 7 Portugal 8 Scotland/Glasgow 9 Switzerland
10 Slovenia Analysis and Conclusion Profile frequencies suggest the subject’s principal ancestries are Spanish/Portuguese (nos. 1, 3, 4, 5, 17, 18) or Iberian, Scottish (no. 10), Northern French/Belgian (16, ENFSI) and Scandinavian (7, ENFSI) with American Indian (6, 12, 13) admixture. In Europe, there also seems to be an Adriatic or Balkan presence (Slovenia, Croatia, Italy, plus see map). Hispanic matches (see map) do not necessarily point to ancestry in Latin America but probably rather reflect mixed Iberian and American Indian ancestry. Iberian ancestry could be very deeply seated, as people from the Iberian Peninsula are believed to have been the first to colonize the British Isles after the last Ice Age (Oppenheimer). The combination of Portuguese, Polish, Jewish American (Israel), Egyptian and Arabian hits (see map) may indicate a degree of Jewish ancestry. There appears to be no Eastern Asian or Subcontinental Indian ancestry; apparent matches are probably due to accidental convergence. There also appears to be no Sub‐Saharan African. These results cannot be equated to ethnic percentages. They show, rather, that the subject’s profile is most common in present‐day Basque, American Indian, Norwegian and Scottish populations. These unique genetic polymorphisms may or may not be reflected in the subject’s individual physiognomy, morphology or external appearance, but they can be expected to be associated with certain recognizable family traits.
Donald N. Yates, Ph.D.
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Principal Investigator DNA Consulting March 14, 2007
References and Suggestions for Further Reading
1. Balding, D.J. et al., eds. (2001). Handbook of Statistical Genetics. New York: Wiley. 2. Burritt, Brian A. (2006) OmniPop 250.1 macro‐enabled spreadsheet. Compares your CODIS
profile to frequency in 259 populations worldwide. Downloadable at http://www.cstl.nist.gov/div831/strbase/populationdata.htm.
3. Burritt, Brian A. (2005) Survey of STR Population Studies. Available online at http://www.cstl.nist.gov/div831/strbase/populationdata.htm. Comparison of testing kits and marker sets for 365 published studies.
4. Butler, J.M. (2005). Forensic DNA Typing: Biology and Technology behind STR Markers. 2nd ed. Academic Press, London.
5. Carmichael, Terrence and Alexander Kuklin (2000). How to DNA Test Our Family Relationships. DNA Press. Early (and still unique) book on adoptions, paternity and other relationship testing. Carmichael is a founder of GeneTree.
6. Cavalli‐Sforza, L. et al (1994). History and Geography of Human Genes. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
7. DNA‐Interactive (web site). http://www.dnai.org/index.html Easy to explore video modules on the many applications of DNA in the words of the founders and practitioners of genetics today.
8. Elliott, Carl and Paul Brodwin (2002). “Identity and Genetic Ancestry Tracing,” in BMJ 325(7378):1469‐1471.
9. ENFSI: European Network of Forensic Science Institutes. ENFSI DNA WG STR Population Database, available http://www.str‐base.org/index.php. Population frequencies for 22 European countries.
10. Oppenheimer, Stephen (2006). The Origins of the British. A Genetic Detective Story (New York: Carroll & Graf).
11. Population Studies Used for OmniPop available online at http://dnaconsultants.com/Detailed/345.html.
12. Wells, Spencer (2002). The Journey of Man, a Genetic Odyssey. Princeton UP. Limited preview available on Google Books.
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Read Understanding Your DNA Fingerprint Test at dnaconsultants.com.
T H I S D O C U M E N T C E R T I F I E S T H A T
░ Richard C. Stewart ░=
Ordered a Personal DNA Ethnotyping Report from Our Laboratory
Yielding the Following Top Matches:==
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World Europe Only 1 Basques 1 Denmark 2 Caucasian 2 Scotland/Dundee 3 Catalans (Spain) 3 Norway 4 Andalusians (Spain) (6) 4 France/Toulouse 5 Portuguese 5 Spain 6 Michigan Nat.Am. (2) 6 Czech Republic 7 Norwegian 7 Portugal 8 Northern and Central Moroccan Berbers 8 Scotland/Glasgow 9 Caucasian 9 Switzerland
10 Scottish 10 Slovenia
Principal Investigator, DNA Consulting, Santa Fe, New Mexico May 23, 2007