dna fingerprint ethnotyping report richard c. stewart · 2019-06-20 · dna fingerprint ethnotyping...

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DNA Fingerprint Ethnotyping Report Richard C. Stewart Case T082344 Amended 5-23-07 Distinct genetic systems known as autosomes located on multiple chromosomes were analyzed after being extracted and multiplied by PCR at Sorenson Genomics . This generated an identifying DNA profile for the subject. The table shown below depicts the alleles , or scores, at each marker location, or locus, on the DNA, as well as the random match probability . The resulting DNA Fingerprint reflects inherited changes from all previous generations and can uniquely identify an individual with probable ethnic matches (Balding et al., 2001). Since the 1990s, this test has provided forensic evidence used in criminal cases to prove, for example, that blood found on a crime victim belongs to a certain suspect (Butler). The test is also used to establish paternity and maternity by comparing the DNA of parent and offspring (Carmichael). More recently, it has been adapted to explore our ancestral origins. Locus Profile D8S1179 13 14 D21S11 29 30 D7S820 10 11 CSFIPO 11 12 D3S1358 14 16 THO1 6 8 D13S317 10 12 D16S539 9 12 D2S1338 18 25 D19S433 16 17 VWA 17 19 TPOX 11 11 D18S51 12 17 D5S818 11 13 FGA 18 20 The cumulative Random Match Probability of such markers occurring together as shown above is 1.18x 10 21 . The likelihood of the subject’s profile occurring in another individual of the same ethnicity is 1 in 47,200,000,000,000,000,000. Such a number can be taken as a measure of the relative rarity or commonness of the subject’s genetic profile . The subject’s type is quite rare.

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Page 1: DNA Fingerprint Ethnotyping Report Richard C. Stewart · 2019-06-20 · DNA Fingerprint Ethnotyping Report Richard C. Stewart Case T082344 Amended 5-23-07 Distinct genetic systems

DNA Fingerprint Ethnotyping Report Richard C. Stewart

Case T082344

Amended 5-23-07

Distinct genetic systems known as autosomes located on multiple chromosomes were analyzed after  being  extracted  and  multiplied  by  PCR  at  Sorenson  Genomics.  This  generated  an identifying DNA profile for the subject. The table shown below depicts the alleles, or scores, at each marker  location,  or  locus,  on  the DNA,  as well  as  the  random match  probability.  The resulting DNA  Fingerprint  reflects  inherited  changes  from  all  previous  generations  and  can uniquely  identify an  individual with probable ethnic matches  (Balding et al., 2001). Since  the 1990s, this test has provided forensic evidence used in criminal cases to prove, for example, that blood  found on  a  crime victim belongs  to  a  certain  suspect  (Butler). The  test  is  also used  to establish paternity and maternity by comparing the DNA of parent and offspring (Carmichael). More recently, it has been adapted to explore our ancestral origins. 

Locus Profile D8S1179 13 14 D21S11 29 30 D7S820 10 11 CSFIPO 11 12 D3S1358 14 16

THO1 6 8 D13S317 10 12 D16S539 9 12 D2S1338 18 25 D19S433 16 17

VWA 17 19 TPOX 11 11

D18S51 12 17 D5S818 11 13

FGA 18 20  The cumulative Random Match Probability of such markers occurring together as shown above is 1.18x 10‐21. The likelihood of the subject’s profile occurring in another individual of the same ethnicity  is  1  in  47,200,000,000,000,000,000.  Such  a number  can be  taken  as  a measure  of  the relative rarity or commonness of the subject’s genetic profile. The subject’s type is quite rare. 

Page 2: DNA Fingerprint Ethnotyping Report Richard C. Stewart · 2019-06-20 · DNA Fingerprint Ethnotyping Report Richard C. Stewart Case T082344 Amended 5-23-07 Distinct genetic systems

  Thirteen (13) of these scores shown  in green and yellow above and known as CODIS markers were compared with profile frequencies for over 300 populations from around the world stored in  a databank known  as OmniPop  (Burritt). The  following populations proved  to be  the  top matches for the subject (the numbers in parentheses are keyed to the original published data):  

Rank 9-Marker Top Matches out of 300+

Populations (with Key to Data) RMP

1 Basques (6) 4.92E+10 2 PBSO Caucasian (4) 8.74E+10 3 Catalans (Spain) (6) 9.88E+10 4 Andalusians (Spain) (6) 9.91E+10 5 Portuguese (6) 1.12E+11 6 Michigan Nat.Am. (2) 1.30E+11 7 Norwegian (224) 1.34E+11 8 Northern and Central Moroccan Berbers (31) 1.41E+11 9 FBI Caucasian (1) 1.93E+11

10 Scottish (11) 2.14E+11 11 Michigan Caucasian (2) 2.21E+11 12 RCMP Saskatchewan Aboriginal (56) 2.29E+11 13 Saskatchewan Native Americans (2) 2.32E+11 14 PC/BT Caucasian (4) 2.40E+11 15 Florida Caucasian (2) 2.44E+11 16 Belgian (99) 2.48E+11 17 Spanish (103) 2.53E+11 18 Portuguese (Azores) (66) 2.62E+11 19 ABI-ID Caucasian (23) 2.82E+11 20 Bhumihar Brahmin (India) (72) 2.83E+11

To  translate a Random Match Probability  figure such as 4.92+E10, add 10 digits  (zeros)  to  the right of  the decimal point. This produces odds of 1  in 49,200,000,000 for  the occurrence of  the subject’s profile in Peruvians. The lower the number the stronger the match.   Results are shown on  the attached ancestry map, where green  indicates  locations of strongest probable  genetic  origins,  red  likely  absence  of  ancestry,  and  brown  weak  or  ambiguous contributions  of  ancestry.  Clusters  of  bright  green  confirm  major  prehistoric  ancestral homelands.    An additional search was made  for high Random Match Probabilities  in  the ENFSI database, which covers only European populations, specifically 22 countries in the European Union. The top ten matches were:   

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Rank in Europe Population

1 Denmark 2 Scotland/Dundee 3 Norway 4 France/Toulouse 5 Spain 6 Czech Republic 7 Portugal 8 Scotland/Glasgow 9 Switzerland

10 Slovenia Analysis and Conclusion Profile frequencies suggest the subject’s principal ancestries are Spanish/Portuguese (nos. 1, 3, 4, 5, 17, 18) or Iberian, Scottish (no. 10), Northern French/Belgian (16, ENFSI) and Scandinavian (7, ENFSI) with  American  Indian  (6,  12,  13)  admixture.  In  Europe,  there  also  seems  to  be  an Adriatic or Balkan presence (Slovenia, Croatia, Italy, plus see map).   Hispanic matches (see map) do not necessarily point to ancestry in Latin America but probably rather  reflect mixed  Iberian  and  American  Indian  ancestry.  Iberian  ancestry  could  be  very deeply  seated,  as  people  from  the  Iberian  Peninsula  are  believed  to  have  been  the  first  to colonize the British Isles after the last Ice Age (Oppenheimer). The combination of Portuguese, Polish, Jewish American (Israel), Egyptian and Arabian hits (see map) may indicate a degree of Jewish  ancestry.  There  appears  to  be  no  Eastern  Asian  or  Subcontinental  Indian  ancestry; apparent matches are probably due to accidental convergence. There also appears to be no Sub‐Saharan African.   These  results  cannot  be  equated  to  ethnic  percentages.  They  show,  rather,  that  the  subject’s profile  is most  common  in  present‐day  Basque,  American  Indian,  Norwegian  and  Scottish populations. These unique genetic polymorphisms may or may not be reflected in the subject’s individual physiognomy, morphology or external appearance, but  they can be expected  to be associated with certain recognizable family traits.   

Donald N. Yates, Ph.D. 

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Principal Investigator DNA Consulting March 14, 2007 

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References and Suggestions for Further Reading

1. Balding, D.J. et al., eds. (2001). Handbook of Statistical Genetics. New York:  Wiley. 2. Burritt, Brian A. (2006) OmniPop 250.1 macro‐enabled spreadsheet. Compares your CODIS 

profile to frequency in 259 populations worldwide. Downloadable at http://www.cstl.nist.gov/div831/strbase/populationdata.htm. 

3. Burritt, Brian A. (2005) Survey of STR Population Studies. Available online at http://www.cstl.nist.gov/div831/strbase/populationdata.htm. Comparison of testing kits and marker sets for 365 published studies.  

4. Butler, J.M. (2005). Forensic DNA Typing: Biology and Technology behind STR Markers. 2nd ed. Academic Press, London. 

5. Carmichael, Terrence and Alexander Kuklin (2000). How to DNA Test Our Family Relationships. DNA Press. Early (and still unique) book on adoptions, paternity and other relationship testing. Carmichael is a founder of GeneTree.  

6. Cavalli‐Sforza, L. et al (1994). History and Geography of Human Genes. Princeton:  Princeton University Press. 

7. DNA‐Interactive (web site). http://www.dnai.org/index.html Easy to explore video modules on the many applications of DNA in the words of the founders and practitioners of genetics today.  

8. Elliott, Carl and Paul Brodwin (2002). “Identity and Genetic Ancestry Tracing,” in BMJ 325(7378):1469‐1471.  

9. ENFSI:  European Network of Forensic Science Institutes. ENFSI DNA WG STR Population Database, available http://www.str‐base.org/index.php. Population frequencies for 22 European countries. 

10. Oppenheimer, Stephen (2006). The Origins of the British. A Genetic Detective Story (New York:  Carroll & Graf).  

11. Population Studies Used for OmniPop available online at http://dnaconsultants.com/Detailed/345.html. 

12. Wells, Spencer (2002). The Journey of Man, a Genetic Odyssey. Princeton UP. Limited preview available on Google Books. 

 

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  Read Understanding Your DNA Fingerprint Test at dnaconsultants.com.  

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Page 6: DNA Fingerprint Ethnotyping Report Richard C. Stewart · 2019-06-20 · DNA Fingerprint Ethnotyping Report Richard C. Stewart Case T082344 Amended 5-23-07 Distinct genetic systems

T H I S D O C U M E N T C E R T I F I E S T H A T

░ Richard C. Stewart ░=

Ordered a Personal DNA Ethnotyping Report from Our Laboratory

Yielding the Following Top Matches:==

=

World Europe Only 1 Basques 1 Denmark 2 Caucasian 2 Scotland/Dundee 3 Catalans (Spain) 3 Norway 4 Andalusians (Spain) (6) 4 France/Toulouse 5 Portuguese 5 Spain 6 Michigan Nat.Am. (2) 6 Czech Republic 7 Norwegian 7 Portugal 8 Northern and Central Moroccan Berbers 8 Scotland/Glasgow 9 Caucasian 9 Switzerland

10 Scottish 10 Slovenia

Principal Investigator, DNA Consulting, Santa Fe, New Mexico May 23, 2007