dna and cell replication
DESCRIPTION
DNA and Cell Replication. DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid Sugar-phosphate “backbone” with nucleotide “ladder steps” Has 2 complementary strands. Nucleotides. 4 different nucleotides A=adenine T=thymine C=cytosine G=guanine A always pairs with T G always pairs with C Called base pairs. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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DNA AND CELL
REPLICATI
ON
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DNA• Deoxyribonucleic acid• Sugar-phosphate “backbone”
with nucleotide “ladder steps”• Has 2 complementary strands
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NUCLEOTIDES• 4 different nucleotides•A=adenine•T=thymine•C=cytosine•G=guanine• A always pairs with T• G always pairs with C• Called base pairs
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CHROMOSOMES
• DNA is wound up and compacted to form chromosomes• Chromosomes are passed
from parent to offspring• You have 46 chromosomes,
23 from each parent
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MUTATIONS
• A mutation is a change in the DNA• Can be good or bad• Can be caused by
pollutants, UV rays (sun), or occur naturally
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ASSIGNMENT
• Make 2 models of DNA• Include 10 base pairs• Make a key for your base
pairs• Be sure to pair up
nucleotides correctly!
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MITOSIS• Cell replication in asexual
reproduction and cell duplication
• DNA of parent and offspring is identical
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MITOSIS
Goal-One copy of the DNA is distributed into each of the 2 daughter cells
In order to reach goal, DNA must replicate itself first!
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STEPS OF MITOSIS
• Prophase- DNA condenses to form chromosomes• Metaphase- Chromosomes line up
across center of cell• Anaphase- Chromosomes separate
and move to opposite ends of cell• Telophase- Nuclear envelopes form
around DNA, 2 new cells are created
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ACTIVITY
• Draw a line down the back of your paper from yesterday.
• You are going to draw a cell going through all the steps of mitosis.
• Use the diagram on pg C58 to help you.
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MEIOSIS
GOAL- Make 4 copies of cells to be used in sexual reproduction.
Each daughter cell will have ½ the DNA of the parent.
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MEIOSIS
First the DNA duplicates itself
Next it goes through mitosis to create 2 daughter cells
Finally, each cell goes through mitosis a second time
Total cells=4Total DNA=1/2
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GENETIC DISORDERS
• Can be caused by mistakes during meiosis
• Mutations can occur by crossing over of chromosomes
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GENETIC DISORDERS• Klinefelter Syndrome-males have XXY
chromosomes• Turner Syndrome-females only have one X• Down Syndrome- extra copy of
chromosome 21• Sickle Cell Disease- recessive gene
chromosome 11• Hemophilia- recessive x-linked gene
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LIGERS• Lion and tiger mixed together• Half of its DNA is from lion, half
from tiger• Has traits of both animals• Does not occur in nature
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ACTIVITY• After you have made your model of
meiosis, you need to create your own hybrid!
• Draw a picture of what your hybrid would look like
• List the traits it would get from each of its parents
• List the advantages and disadvantages it would have in the wild
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OTHER HYBRIDSSplake- hybrid of male brook trout
and female lake troutAfricanized honey bee- African and
European bees, “killer bees”Beefalo-cattle and bisonZebroid-zebra and horse