dj methodology toolkit for educators

7/28/2019 DJ Methodology Toolkit for Educators

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Zachary Kaiser


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Introduction

Gne bh n aae eeah an egn pae,

he dj ehgy aae a pe lmtton,collecton, selecton,cltted serendpty, mxng, mpro-

vston, an reecton. Te ehgy n b n

ex an n eey an anag djng. Inea, he

ehgy e an envnen hee eave -

an aae eenp enne h na-

n: hee eane ae gven he ppny expe

nnen beeen nen an nvegae he ay n

hh hee nnen ae eae. Te dj ehgy

a enhane a eane aby ynheze nen

paae aea pne. Whe eveagng he

pe pan hep aayze he pe, he dj

ehgy e n nve pan h he pe

ae eanng. Rahe, he ehgy hep geneaene, humn-redble menng, a ppe mchne-red-

ble menng. In pena evea pevy be

eanhp, nng he ha ve ayea

pe eanhp n nepay ey, he dj

ehgy an bee a pa a e.

ay en engage h a ne by apepeay neang ae ehnga avane-

en (Ta an Seey Bn, 43), eve-neang

pexy (Gbeg, e n Mana, 5, Davn an

Gbeg, 62 65) an ne-nneene (Ta an

Seey Bn, 50 53). Ea evey pne

ae gappng h h nne a h a

apy hangng exena eay (Davn an Gbeg,

54 55). Wh he ae a hh ehngy ee ah

ahea, even he eane ea

an ana pe ha eanng be e

n hee yea, h e ve.

Technologicaladvancement is notlinear; it is, instead,logarithmic (Kurzweil).Processor power,bandwidth, and stor-age capacity doubleroughly every 18months (Thomas andSeely Brown, 42).


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any, he ay n hh ha begn

hange ae a ea nan ha ey n ay

evnze, hange, even ve a an an-a eana e (Cn). Innvan ha bee

a h a bzz n he ean a n he

bne. A he nae nege evve n

e nee an e heaha e, any

eeahe qen he na e ean

hh e ahee (Ta an Seey Bn, Dav-

n an Gbeg, Cn, I, nae a e).

Whe h, ege, an nvee n ng

an/ nng ne evene ea, hee a

a eengy beneven ph ae ean e

pen, paay hghe ean. mit Open Ce-

ae ne he pnen exape h en.

Many he nvee have aepe bne henee ne evene ea h an appaen penne,

ang he Mave Open Onne Ce (mooc) a ne

eve by paneng h a -p eny (Aae Pa-

nehp) e ee nne eor credtn an e

aa e en evenay pay pee a

egee pga (Len).

Innvan n he nepay ean

ne eveyhng penng p nvey ae

nne papan ppng ne nne

eanng. Se hee ab he e ean

agne a h ana h, enen

Ivan Ih ehe ey. In h a ey,

eane nea h pepe ng n he ea ,

an he e pena ea peagga

ne (Ih, 99) h ex eve a ge, hepng


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eane n he gh pena n e ah, b-

eve, appene n he e he. T vea

h ah n, an exeen ab, nne eanng.

Khan Aaey by a he a exape he

ne ave eanng expeene ha ae peng

h a eana nn. Tee ehng

aave ab he nvenene eanng he.

Tee ehng gayng ab he aqn a

pe . In an he q-x an he gaynge expeene h eve, he Ihan n

ea: e h aae expeene pepe ean

ab ha hey ae neee n ha hey an

he b an ave ha hey e .

Fa hng eey a hnane h pe

ha ehngy ha ae even eae.

Reeahe have a e n he nne beeen

nng ne ea an papang n ne ea

(Bennan, ). T eeah en ene n papay

e (I, Jenn, an he) an nvegae he

ay n hh a eanhp, ehngy, an

npn an pn ea evve.

Whe vaabe nean he nae eegng

ne ea eanng expeene, he ehnge ha en-

abe hee expeene a hape an n he nen.

A e an Faeb pae bee neangy

pan eane, a he e an e

eqeny pnae by he ebe epan

he eve an a ne, he ang eabee neangy ne by he n. We ex n

he n an ny ee he n a eevan an pan.

I bee exa eve h ye

n-ne (Peen, Rh). N ny ae ve


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neangy ne by he n, b e neangy

enne e ng n a ha eqe nge

an engageen (Rhe, Ca).

Leane h ae ve-aae h ea gge

heeny expe ea ha ae ynhee ahe han

eggan he ea n he ea. T expeene

anae ng, hee en have neang

y ng pape. Mh e a pae, he

n-ne qanabe e (gae, eveng, bage,an anaze eng) an paa ha ae

en epyabe (he an ae)

bee aave ay ae an hn ab eanng.

O naby hay beyn he n a

ae he ae ype hnng ha eae any

he pbe e have gh n (fah ahe he

neang ne gap).

Te dj ehgy eanng, an n paa h

, ee hep ea egn eanng expeen-

e ha ne he pbea nae any en

appahe nnvan n eanng. Se hee

appahe pvege he eahng STEM ve he

eanng expeene an h a hnng .Tee an veheng an eeah ab ne

ay hep eane h bae n pan, n-

ng he he nnvave eeahe n he

e eanng ehnge (Pape, Ren, Bennan).

Ohe eeahe have expe he pena ha

e ee a ne ea, n a ape eanng.

In h ega, ne ea eeahe e n he

nae he eanng expeene e (I, Jenn).

STEM is short or

Science, Technolo-gy, Engineering andMath education,and has become avery popular lensthrough which todiscuss the needso the Americanschool system.


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In a hee an neang pvege an eane

pae n pan, he vey han ha

hep dj eae eenp expeene ha pean egh aenehe ha enae an

neanng nen ha neve be ebe

hgh aggng an eaaabee eve e

eena. Ye e ha evae hee . Tey

ae , nqanabe, an ann be ee gae.

Cpan aave: ae hng eae

, hep nee e, hep ae, eeeny, ae ene ha e an beeve ha

pe an hep ve

an peng pbe. Inee, hey an. B aybe n

n he ay e envn an aybe n he egee ha

e e. Meve, by nveng n pan

he pe ehng ha e han ae aay

bee a (a hnng ha pan pne,

exape), e ae ng ( e aaey, ng)

eve he e.

What does the DJ Methodology mean?

What do DJs do?

In ang a bea pepang an peng a dj e,

dj g hgh a pe en, apng, xng,

pvan an efen. When ang a bea (he

a ve hh a appe gh ap), dj, paay n

he eay ay ga sampling, ape be nppe

a he pae. Tey hen x ape gehe,

ehe aney eqenay. T xe p-n, en nng any ape paae

a gene ( hey ae ape a a),

bee a bea. Te dj en pe pa h

pn ve, ggeng ape n ea e, an

Sampling is thebasis or the popularpractice o cut andpaste (Navas).


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e hee b peane eae he be pbe

ean he bea. T pe ena a efen n

he ape eee an he ay n hh hey eeaange/pee. In he eay ay hp-hp, dj

e ape (e ) eae he bea, e

hh have ehnga an ha ae hee

eve ee anen. Tey ay ny be abe h ny

16 h ape a a e. When I ae bea n y

ape, exape, I begn n ne ng

h a ean e ape, an hen n npan ehng ne n a een ape. I begn

n a een ng, bng a ne e ape, b

he an y ehngy e e eee e

ape he gna bea n hh I a ng. I

en n ha e he ape eah e

ne pee hen xe. T ne exape he

ay n hh he an eay apng ehngy

aae eenp a expeene e an

he dj an pe.

Te pepaan an peane a dj e (an exene

x any ng paye a a b ba) an be een a

an exenn h pe. Many dj pe heeve n

he e en, even h ay. When vny a

he pay dj eny an dj n ay ene -

bae h he n he app, hey ha ae

pe, nenna he ab ha bng he

b. A e an e pepe ae bee dj an

n ab he e ha he pepe ee pnnng,

a e ggng eege. Dggng he eah e, ae, be e ha an be npae

n bea xe. dj ae pe n h h ggng

hey h be e he e ae. W hen

payng a a b, hng ggng ean np-


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ang nexpee e n y e an xng he

h ha pepe aeay n. I eae a ene

pe an egh n he aene.

The break comes to the end and

boom, he lets it go and I was like, wait

a minute, what? And it was the opening

break from the Shirley Ellis song, The

Clapping Song, which, I think, the last

time I heard that, I was nine.Steniski, of Double-D & Steniski,

talking about hearing Afrika Bambaata

and Jazzy Jay play a set in the late 1970s.

From the documentary, Scratch.

A dj e a panne pvan. dj ann pan hh

ng hey pay hen ahea e, beae hey

ann n a he vaabe n a gven ngh (e.g., he

vbe n he , he nbe pepe). Teee, he

pepaay phae ena eeng e bng ha

aae hee eenp xng expeene, bh

he dj an he . Tee expeene pe

an egh, b hey beae hey naepevy neen nnen an ay even py ne

eanng he beng xe. Te dj ehgy

eanng nene hep aae a expeen-

e h nen.


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Methods

Collection, Digging, Selection, and Facilitated

Serendipity

dj pen yea ggng e an bng he

en. On any gven ngh, hey ge hh

e bng h he pay a a b ee ha

ng begn apng n he n pepaan

ae a bea. N ne a dj e en, eane

(even hgh hey ay n aay n ) an b pave neea eae ve. Wha an pp he

pe nng he e ha gh eae eenp-

expeene nnen a eane?

hep eane n ee ha gh ye ne an

eanng nnen, pp va an

be vaabe. Pp an be ggee ang pae e ve e nn. F exape, begn a

eeah pe, en ay be ae ve n a

Wpea ba he g ne Wpea ae

anhe ne by ng n-ex hypen, gaheng

e ang he ay. Tgh a a eeah pe

ann be b n Wpea ae, he Wpea

ba he pp a n an nave pae a.

Ohe pp an be h e pe. Pee ha

geneae ggen (ehe ey ney)

ype nan ee an ye neeng e.

Cpan hep hee a e. A en an ge a

eage ha ay, Fn a ex ab aan ha

eae n e ay ene. Maybe aan hep he en nqy, he ex an ene ae

vaabe ha hange any, eveang een y pe

nan an een be (ve nea ex,

eae nea ene). T pe a


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be e aba, an Ban En Oblque Strteges

Ca. Tee a eve a pp ha en En

h eave an pve ay hnng anng. Te e pe aeen h a, Te

ape n he , an Gaenng, n ahee.

Tee aeen pp e hn eeny ab

he .

Pp en eve a eave an hh bee

vaabe n hepng eane engage h aea. N n-e a ea he ban page, eane bee neeay

paayze hen gven any pn, hen hey ae

peene h h nan, a n phen-

ena, hh ypa nepay ege

aa. Pp ha pve a eave an an eh

he ehnga an he ga ape (a

an n nbe) hey an be nepa an(h a he ye ebe abve, hh e be

aea an nan ype a ). Lan, hen

egne ppey, an be vaabe aay eavy

(Nahanvh, 78 89).

Sampling

Te pe ggng, eng, an eeng e vey

ey he pe apng. A dj ang a bea gh

ee a ng ape, b he pa he ng he ape

eqay, n e, pan han he een he

ng e. Re an a be nee ape

a e en. I en ebe he apng pe

a enpang he pe en an eenbeae hng ha an be ben n pnen pa

an be ape, an een an nheen pa ha

pe. Hee, I have epaae he y be e

pe ab he ep nvve n hepng eane ze


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he ehgy. Ae a eane ha eee nen a-

pe, he eny ha pa ape. See

he vaabe ape ae he he pe.See a nge ape ha, ahgh nng e

pan eevan he ng, an he neen

n hh he e he ng b. Say h eeah,

a hnng, an pbe vng, eane an he

ape he ae pee eeah n een ay. I

vaabe nae hee vaan he eane, b he

eave nae he eanng pe an eve a a ge eane eny ha exay ape.

Mixing

When ang a bea peng a e, dj x ape

n een ay. Sape an be xe nnee

eqenay (hee ne ape paye, an hen anhe), aney (hee ape ae paye a

he ae e n p ne anhe). Te xng nen

an be ne n a a ay. Cnen an be xe

aney hgh anpaeny an ayeng. Seqen-

a xng an happen hen be ae only abe be

expeene n eqene hen hey ae peene gehe

b expeene n eqene. F exape, eqena xngay hen a eane ea ne paage ex, an

hen ea anhe paage eaey aea. Te

eene beeen eqena an ane xng

an be be an ay h epenng n he nex. T

nn e pan han he a xng e.

Te xng nen an be agne nee. age paye nex ne anhe ay ay n be

nee xe. I a eane ee a nnen beeen

he age, hee age ae xe. Say,

en ex n have be ege n ne en


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Two images mixed usingtransparency.

The same two imagespresented in sequencewith one another.

a eane eny nnen beeen he an

eevey x he.

Improvisation

An eeen pvan ebee hn hepeane a dj-e an he e-peave bea-a-

ng pe. Ipvan an pan pa xng

an he expeene aae eenpy. Even ang

ae ng pvan an en ea exng

e, nng he enan pevy neen

nnen. Leane an engage n pvan h

he eeah n a vaey ay an any nqy an be -pvana. A ene expeen pvana hen

egne be pen-ene engh a eane

he ee eveage ae an eae ehng ne

he.


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Synthesis

Te xng pe e he pe ynhe b

hey ae n he ae. Meey xng e nynhe. Mxng, n an e, e n hep a eane

n ne eanng. Synhe he a ang eanng

he x. T an happen ng he xng pe

aea. Te a xng eve a a aay he

pe ynhe. By enyng nnen beeen

ape an neng h he nnen ae

eae, eane begn eny neyng paen an

hghe-eve eanhp ha an hep geneae eanng.

In ang nnen between nnen, eane

expeene a eve aban ha a a he

ee paen e he p y e. Synhe

anen he x.

Reection

Tgh he pe eane h efe n he

n hh hey ae engage. Refen a a pa

a eave, eave eanng pe (Ren) an

anhe aay he ynhe nen. Tgh hee

ae any een ype efen (Renba, 13 19),

he ype eae e ae paay eevan hee:

efen-n-an an efen-n-an (Shn e

n Renba, 18). Refen-n-an ha Shn

ebe a a efeve nvean h he an.

F phae pane va pne,

[]he an a ba, he pane en, an a

he appeae ha he hea, he eae he anne agan (Shn). T pe nn an hee

n ene epa an a paa phae.

When pepang ann beeen ng by

benng he gehe, exape, dj nany

See Chapters 5,7, 9, and 10 o mythesis document,Towards a DJMethodology oLearning.


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evaae he eanhp beeen he ep, aene,

phe an nenan eah ng beng xe,

an by a he pee eah e angy ae an aenae appah he ann beeen

a. J beae efen-n-an e n

ang pane h have phae nege

he pne e n ean ha eane a any eve

ann begn expeene efen-n-an a e.

Whe gaheng aa ng a ene expeen, a ean-

e ay efe n hy paa ean ae happenng.Whe ng ab gan ab, a eane ay efe

n he nae he anenane pe e ha

a he nn ab hh he ng.

Refen-n-an, eanhe, ae pae ae he

nn he expeene. A dj ay nh payng

an evenng an hen a he evaae h ha ngh.A en ay evaae eanhp beeen

pee aa, e n ne an ea, an hen ae

en he ea efe n he.

Bh ype efen ae pan eng eave

nqy. Leane ay be ppe hgh efen

qen ha appea ng he e a eanngexpeene, an ay be gven e ae he nn

he expeene en he pe/eeah an

evaae he a ne pepeve.

Iteration

Te dj ehgy ephaze he eave nae heeanng pe. A dj ang a bea e an expe-

en h any een ape. When ng a ape,

he an eee ape an epae he h ne ne

ee he e. He an p va en a ng


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ape, an nne an x he ape eeny.

Reeah, nqy, an eanng h be eave a e.

Leane an begn a pe, ape an x nan,efe n h expeene, y ynheze he nng,

an hen e an evaae he ea, enng he

a hey g. Cvang an eave ne vaabe

eane ay, hee nan hange qy ha

beng nbe hep n navgang nany hng

nn.

A note on the process: Tee ep n aay happen n

eqene. We efe an eae en hn a nge e-

an a gven pe. Tee ep eve an vea ge

he ehgy an a ay hep ea n h

nevene hen a en .

Sample lesson: the DJ methodologyapplied to a graphic design class

Mnpultve Med / Tess nd Remx

Inn Dga Pe

Eane Cege Depaen A

In he a 2012, I evepe an agnen ae Ma-

npave Mea, hh nene hep en ean

Phhp he enghenng he aby -

nae eanng vay. I gave he en hee qe

hh eah en eee ne eeah. Te

en ee agne eeah he qe, an e

a h a ea en pee eeah, epeene by

nea P-, ang h url pne e.Sen e a nnen beeen hee pee

eeah, ang n ny hh pee ee nnee,

b h hey ee nnee. By he en he ee

h pe, en ee eqe evep a he


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aeen bae n he anay. F he eane he

pe, he en e vay nae h

he hgh he anpan agey n Phhp,evenay nng a pyh age ha eve a

a va he.

Te en pee eeah ee eevey ape he e-

ee qe. Sen hen xe hee pee eeah

n een ay, aepng eny he eanhp

beeen ape, an he ay n hh he eanhpee nnee.

One en, exape, eee he qe Sae:

Te vey he aphabe eae gene n

he eane , beae hey n e he e-

e; hey he exena en haae an

n eebe heeve Y gve y pe n

h b ny he ebane h; hey be hee

any hng, an have eane nhng; hey

appea be nen an geneay n nhng

Sae, Phae

Te en ae a h a vee by eeah,

angng Wh Sae, ypgaphy

Lord o the Fles.

Bae n he anay he nnen beeen he

ape eeah, he ave a a he:All chldren re

lerners, nd tody wht s prvleged by chldren s dgtzed

orm o relty, such s dgtl photos or even crtoons. Just

s the lphbet uses lgtures s sgners replcement

through the use o symbolsmemory nd truth re ected by

the replcement, or rther dsplcement, o physcl relty.


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Research done by onestudent who selected

the Socrates quote.

The connections thatthis student drew be-tween her research.


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Her fnal triptych,created using a varietyo tools in Photoshop(rotate page).


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She hen e n Phhp ane h he

hgh he ga anpan agey, eang a

heve pyh. She began he nn he pyhby png he ea n hh he he a bae n

hee vgnee ha hen een nex ne anhe,

be nae he ea.

Ae eahng age n phgaphy e an

n Ceave Cn-ene nen, he began

h he n Phhp, ang een ean he pn. Tee ee he age he ha eve

ne n Phhp.

Te appenx h ne he agnen hee

he Manpave Mea pe.

Methods and their application in theManipulative Media Project:

Collection, Digging, Selection and Facilitated

Serendipity

Te pe-een qe pve a eave an

eane, a he eqe ha en bng n 10 pee

eeah. I ggee ha he eeah be a vae a p-be, an eene hey begn h he Wpea ba

he appah, e p h e han 10 e an

hen ee hh ee he vee an neeng

he. Avang ha en bng n ea ab hng

ha hey ee exe ab a vaabe a e. I hepe

ae he pe ee e eevan he an ae e

eveage he nee an bea a ean hn

a egn ean nex. I hpe ha he bnan

hee eave an eae he nn

eenp enne h nan. Te pe

h na ep ee bae n he eanng ga he


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pe e an ee paa he e an -

pne n hh hee en ee ng. Whe he ba

pnpe ean he ae, h ee h an agnenegne eae hy en, he an I

pe an he pp I gve hange.

Sampling

When he en bgh he eeah a, I ae

he ha hey hgh a neeng ab eah

pee eeah. Se en hgh ene ae

ve ee peng, he he e paa qe

nppe ea.

T nepa en an apng n hh he

en engage ne a a en an apng

a hey began n he va pnen he pe.

Mixing and Improvisation

Dng he en a pe eae he

pe, en ee ae a nnen beeen

he en pee eeah an ebe hee nnen n

a h ea a pbe. Tey ee hen ae expe

he nnen between he nnenhe aen he ay n hh pee nan ee nnee. I

gave he ab an h h, an beae h -

e eae, he xng pe nneng nan

beae pvana: en ee ne ha

b neee ehng.

Lae n, en a x ape va n-an ha hey hpe be nae he ea.

Tey h hgh eanng h anpae agey n

Phhp, evepng a e ehna peeny hgh

he en a hnng.


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Synthesis

Te agnen ppe en ynheze na-

n by ang he a nnen beeen nne-n, ne h eanhp ae a. I a n

nge ab pee nan ha hey n,

even he nnen beeen he pee nan.

Te en he aeen an agey efee a

ynhe a ppe a py-pae appah.

Te a ynhe an a be n n he expeene eang he va pyh heeve. Sen e

eae pn ha n appea eey a aba y

va mashups. Tey eneave eae pn he

y efee he ng.

Reection

Sen ee gven a ee e he he aeen

an begn ng he va eeah n agey eae

he pyh ha nae he he aeen. T

e ae he en efe n he pe xng

an nnen hey ha expeene ng a. By ang

he en nae he he aeen vay,

hey ha efe n he he aeen an y npa he, enyng nee va agey ha

epeen he hgh-eve, aba nep n hh hey

ee neee. T pe va eeah a een

han he ay en ve hgh he na eeah

phae he pe. By efeng n he he aeen,

en ene hee ape ha hey hgh

be epeene hgh anpae agey n Phhp.

Tey ae hng hey gh an he age

nan, an began eah phgaph h hh

hey .

Musical mashupscombine the vocaland backing tracks odierent songs, otencreating a cognitiveor sonic dissonance.

Mashups can be acombination o twoor more songs, orsampled sections osongs (Marshall).


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Iteration

Te pe nheeny eave beae nan

pnen ha ae ne hgh ang: he eeah/he-genean an he va pn. Sen ee

gven e ae pe ven eah age n he

pyh, efeng n he ang he ay hgh

qe an pena eeba.

Just the Beginning

Te dj ehgy eanng an be a vaabe ay -

e eave, a hnng n en. Tee

ae n eay qany, n hey ae anaze

eng. T peay hy hee --qany

ae pan. Tee ehng be an e

(Rh n Anen) ab he ae he han

n ha a be eave an ve pbe ha pea ngeny a n. A he veheng

an aa ha e enne eveyay ae p-

an an aave n neay evey pbe, h

pea ngeny n ange. Te eave nqy ha e-

a an hep eane expe hgh he dj ehgy

ne ay ba h ange an vae nqey

han ngeny.


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works citd

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Cn, Aan M. Rehnng ean n he age

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Heebeg, 2008.

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Te. Te Unvey Bh Cba, 2007. Pn.

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Our Brns. Ne Y: W.W. Nn, 2010. Pn.

Davn, Cahy N., an Dav Te Gbeg. Te Future

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Appendix: The Manipulative Media Project

Be appea a pn he agnen hee he

Manpave Mea Pe.

The design brief

Devep a va he by eang a pyh n Phhp.

Te age y eae be va anpan, p-

be phgaph. Tee age gehe -

nae y he hgh he anpan agey.

The process

Y ee a qe ab ea/ehngy hh

y begn y he evepen.

1. Reeah he qe. Hee e ne eeah n a

ba ene. I be any nbe hng. Y eeah hng ha he qe ae y hn an

aave pe eeah. Y eeah hee

he qe ae an ha ne. Wh ae he

he behn he qe? Wha hey ay? Wha ae

he a p aea y? Y eeah

pe hng ab he qe e. Wha he

ne h qe ean? H hey eae eah he?

C h qe have pe eanng epenng n

h y ee he ne ? Y eeah h

ve pe ype nan, va (age

ve) an veba (ex a). Keep y eeah n

ne pae, n a fah ve n y Dpbx ha y

an ae any an a ng a.

2. F y eeah y ee he 10 pan

( y) pee aa. Y bng hee pee aa

n nea a pn- a. Reebe,

y eeah an be veba (en qe, paage


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b pape, ee a) a e a

va (panng, phgaph, ang, pn), y

nea ay have be ene y hahe pee aa . F exape, a ve pa y

eeah, hen aybe pn a an aah

a nea an e n he nea ha ha ve

ae an geneay ha ab.

3. Dng a, y eny aege aa an ex-

pe he nnen beeen pee aa. Ae he ay pee aa nne a he ay n hh

he pee aa nne? F he ae

beeen aege an nnen, y evep a

n he aeen ha eve a he nep

y Phhp pyh.

4. Seh an begn egnng he age y pyh.Te age ea ha y e p h h, a a n,

a gp hee, expe y he n e ay. N

nge age ha ay eveyhng. Maybe hey -

nae a eeng ha a y he, aybe

y ee eah age a a paa pee he he

e. Te ga ve a pe nan

hgh he anpan agey. Tee pbeph h ne een ype va anpa-

n ha e n a, nng: objects out o

plce, lndscpes/envronment, body lterton, multplcty,

scle, ghosts/tme.

5. Rene y egn.

6. Sb hee sd e age a pn en (300 p)


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Quotes for selection:

Te vey he aphabe eae gene n

he eane , beae hey n e he ee;hey he exena en haae an n

eebe heeve Y gve y pe n h

b ny he ebane h; hey be hee any

hng, an have eane nhng; hey appea be

nen an geneay n nhng.

Sae, Phae

We a he peen hgh a ea v e . We ah

baa n he e.

Maha MLhan

Tee a n ane, ny n an he

ane an pahne han nege, hh ee

n expeen a e han n neanng. Te geaeange nvaaby ae he he appan, n

a va ae, paa nege h a e ae eny

neng n he appan nea enegy, he ne

hey n age, anpan ehngy, an

ne he hng. (p. 37)

E.F. Shahe, Smll s Beutul


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