Diversity of Cell Diversity of Cell LifeLifeChapter 7 Section 4Chapter 7 Section 4

Pp 190-193Pp 190-193

All living things….All living things….

Composed of cell(s)Composed of cell(s) Same basic chemistrySame basic chemistry Same organellesSame organelles Follow same genetic codeFollow same genetic code But are all living things the same?But are all living things the same?

NO!NO!

Differences come from:Differences come from: Ways cells are specialized to do certain jobsWays cells are specialized to do certain jobs Way cells work with other cells to make a Way cells work with other cells to make a

multicellular organismmulticellular organism

UnicellularUnicellular

Make up most life on earthMake up most life on earth When a cell IS the organismWhen a cell IS the organism Single-celled/ unicellularSingle-celled/ unicellular Do everything living thing does:Do everything living thing does:

Respond to stimuliRespond to stimuli GrowGrow ReproduceReproduce Transform energyTransform energy

YeastYeast

Volvox aureusVolvox aureus

Leptospira interrogansLeptospira interrogans

Multicellular OrganismMulticellular Organism

Organism made up of many cellsOrganism made up of many cells VarietyVariety Depend on 2 major things about cells:Depend on 2 major things about cells:

CommunicationCommunication CooperationCooperation

Cell SpecializationCell Specialization Process in which cells throughout an Process in which cells throughout an

organism perform different tasksorganism perform different tasks

Specialized Animal CellsSpecialized Animal Cells Many specializations, for example:Many specializations, for example:

Red Blood cells (rbc):Red Blood cells (rbc): Specialized to transport oxygenSpecialized to transport oxygen RBC have protein that binds to oxy in the lungs RBC have protein that binds to oxy in the lungs

are carries it all over the bodyare carries it all over the body

Muscle cells:Muscle cells: Specialized in movementSpecialized in movement What oragnelle is going to be big and important in these What oragnelle is going to be big and important in these

cells?cells? CytoskeletonCytoskeleton Lots of the protein actin and myosinLots of the protein actin and myosin

Specialized Animal CellsSpecialized Animal Cells

Liver cells:Liver cells: Specialized in Specialized in

detoxificationdetoxification Have lots of what Have lots of what

organelle?organelle? Smooth ERSmooth ER

Specialized Animal CellsSpecialized Animal Cells

Pancreas cells:Pancreas cells: Specialized in making proteins (enzymes)Specialized in making proteins (enzymes) Makes enzyme that are needed by digestive system to Makes enzyme that are needed by digestive system to

break down foodbreak down food What three organelles are pancreatic cells loaded with (if What three organelles are pancreatic cells loaded with (if

their main function is making proteins)?their main function is making proteins)? Ribosomes. Rough ER, Golgi ApparatusRibosomes. Rough ER, Golgi Apparatus

Specialized Animal CellsSpecialized Animal Cells

Specialized Plant cellsSpecialized Plant cells Lots of chemical activity all the timeLots of chemical activity all the time Exchanges carbon dioxide, water vapor, Exchanges carbon dioxide, water vapor,

oxygen, and other gases through tiny pores oxygen, and other gases through tiny pores called…?called…? STOMATASTOMATA Found underside of leavesFound underside of leaves

Guard Cells:Guard Cells: Highly specialized cells Highly specialized cells

that regulate process of that regulate process of gas exchange at the gas exchange at the stomatasstomatas

They monitor plants They monitor plants internal conditions and internal conditions and regulate stomata regulate stomata accordinglyaccordingly If plant needs gas If plant needs gas

exchange, what will happen exchange, what will happen to the stomata?to the stomata?

openopen

Levels of OrganizationLevels of Organization

Makes it easier to describe cells in a Makes it easier to describe cells in a multicellular organismmulticellular organism Cells- basic unit of living thingsCells- basic unit of living things Tissues- group of similar cells that perform a Tissues- group of similar cells that perform a

specific functionspecific function Organs- group of tissues working together to Organs- group of tissues working together to

perform a specific functionperform a specific function Organ systems- group of organs that work together Organ systems- group of organs that work together

to perform a specific functionto perform a specific function ORGANISMORGANISM

Osmotic PressureOsmotic Pressure Pressure exerted by osmosis on the Pressure exerted by osmosis on the

HYPERTONIC side of a semi-permeable HYPERTONIC side of a semi-permeable membranemembrane

Can cause serious problems for cellCan cause serious problems for cell Cell is full of sugar, salts, proteins, moleculesCell is full of sugar, salts, proteins, molecules Inside of cell is HypertonicInside of cell is Hypertonic Osmotic pressure should make fresh water go…?Osmotic pressure should make fresh water go…? In or Out?In or Out? InIn Cell will become inflated/swollenCell will become inflated/swollen Too muchToo much cell will burst like a balloon cell will burst like a balloon

Why don’t all our cells Why don’t all our cells burst?burst?

What are our cells (animal) contained in?What are our cells (animal) contained in? Fresh water?Fresh water? No…..blood or other fluids, which are ISOTONICNo…..blood or other fluids, which are ISOTONIC

The conc. Of sugars, salts, proteins and molecules in these The conc. Of sugars, salts, proteins and molecules in these fluids is the same as the conc. in the cellfluids is the same as the conc. in the cell

Bacteria and plant cellsBacteria and plant cells They DO come in contact with fresh water…what do They DO come in contact with fresh water…what do

they have PROTECTING them?they have PROTECTING them? CELL WALLCELL WALL

Prevent cells from expanding even when there’s a lot of Prevent cells from expanding even when there’s a lot of osmotic pressureosmotic pressure

But, cell walls are prone to injuries when there is too much But, cell walls are prone to injuries when there is too much osmotic pressureosmotic pressure

Which is a RBC in isotonic solution?Which is a RBC in isotonic solution? RBC in hypertonic solution?RBC in hypertonic solution? RBC in hypotonic solution?RBC in hypotonic solution?