diversification of environmental geotechnics: the research ......manassero 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10...
TRANSCRIPT
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Session 6.1: Session 6.1: ““Geoenvironmental IssuesGeoenvironmental Issues””
Fifteen European Conference on Soil Fifteen European Conference on Soil Mechanics & Geotechnical Engineering Mechanics & Geotechnical Engineering
Athens Athens -- Greece Greece -- 1212thth/15/15thth September 2011September 2011
Diversification of Environmental Geotechnics:
The research perspective
Mario ManasseroPolitecnico di Torino – Italy
Manassero
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Layout of the ContributionLayout of the Contribution
Terminology & DefinitionsTerminology & Definitions
Environmental Issues Related to Geotechnical EngineeringEnvironmental Issues Related to Geotechnical Engineering
ReseachReseach Topics & DiversificationTopics & Diversification
ExamplesExamples
Athens, Greece Athens, Greece –– XV ECSMGE 2011XV ECSMGE 2011
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EnvironmentalEnvironmental GeotechnicsGeotechnicsVsVs
GeoenvironmentalGeoenvironmental EngineeringEngineering
Athens, Greece Athens, Greece –– XV ECSMGE 2011XV ECSMGE 2011
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GeotechnicalEngineering
GroundwaterEngineering
EnvironmentalEngineering
Shackelford (2005) point of view Burns (2011) point of view
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Environmental Issues Related to Geotechnical EngineeringEnvironmental Issues Related to Geotechnical Engineering
Athens, Greece Athens, Greece –– XV ECSMGE 2011XV ECSMGE 2011
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WASTE DEPOSITS (Barriers, Stability, Settlements, Radioactive Materials, …)
POLLUTED SUBSOILS (In Situ Containment, Remediation, …)
RE-USE OF BY-PRODUCTS (Fly & Bottom Ashes, Dreging, …)
SUB-SOIL ENERGY EXPLOITATION (Geothermal Piles and Tunnels, …)
LAND PRESERVATIONS & DISASTER MITIGATION (Landslide, Subsidence, Floods, …)
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FROM ISSUES TO SOLUTIONS
MULTIPHASE FLOWS OF MASS & ENERGY & RELATED TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA
MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF PARTICULATE MEDIA & RELATED PORE FLUIDS
ELECTROCHEMICAL, PHYSICAL & BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS AMONG DIFFERENT PHASES AND COMPONENTS
Research Topics & DiversificationResearch Topics & DiversificationAthens, Greece Athens, Greece –– XV ECSMGE 2011XV ECSMGE 2011
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RESEARCH
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CATION EXCHANGE EFFECTSCATION EXCHANGE EFFECTSAthens, Greece Athens, Greece –– XV ECSMGE 2011XV ECSMGE 2011
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• Low average pore diameter• High tortuosity
LOW HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY
• High average pore diameter• Low tortuosity
HIGH HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY
LOW REPULSIVE FORCESHIGH REPULSIVE FORCES
LamellaeLamellae TactoidTactoid
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CATION EXCHANGE EFFECTS ON BENTONITE SWELLINGCATION EXCHANGE EFFECTS ON BENTONITE SWELLING
Athens, Greece Athens, Greece –– XV ECSMGE 2011XV ECSMGE 2011
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0 2 4 6 8 100
2
4
6
8
10SodioCalcioCalcio
Void ratio, e
Decrease of usw due to increase of cation valence
Decrease of usw due to the decrease of the specific surface (increase of the number of lamellae per tactoid, ΔNl =5
M05.0c 0,sk = e cs = 0.01 MComparison of swelling pressures of Sodium and Calcium in solution
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CATION EXCHANGE EFFECTS ON BENTONITE SWELLINGCATION EXCHANGE EFFECTS ON BENTONITE SWELLING
Athens, Greece Athens, Greece –– XV ECSMGE 2011XV ECSMGE 2011
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Swelling pressure as a function of salt concentrationfor sodium and calcium bentonite (Cx=10-2 mol/L)
Swelling pressure as a function of fixed chargeand salt concentration (monovalent cations)
Dominijanni et al. 2010
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CATION EXCHANGE EFFECTS ON BENTONITE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITYCATION EXCHANGE EFFECTS ON BENTONITE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY
Athens, Greece Athens, Greece –– XV ECSMGE 2011XV ECSMGE 2011
Manassero
2s
w3
e
ms )'S()'e1(
'e3
kργ
+μ⋅τ
=
lNS'S =
Variation of hydraulic conductivity k as a function of the number
of lamellae per tactoid(e = 4, ρs = 2.41 g/cm3, S = 760 m2/g)
Dominijanni et al. 2010
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CATION EXCHANGE EFFECTS ON BENTONITE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITYCATION EXCHANGE EFFECTS ON BENTONITE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY
Athens, Greece Athens, Greece –– XV ECSMGE 2011XV ECSMGE 2011
Manassero
Scalia et al. 2011
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CATION EXCHANGE EFFECTS ON BENTONITE OSMOTIC EFFICIENCYCATION EXCHANGE EFFECTS ON BENTONITE OSMOTIC EFFICIENCY
Athens, Greece Athens, Greece –– XV ECSMGE 2011XV ECSMGE 2011
Manassero
1 10 4−× 1 10 3−× 0.01 0.1 10
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1 Theoretical curve withcsk,0 as a single fitting parameter (csk,0 = 0.13 M)
Average salt concentration (NaCl), c0 (M)Dominijanni et al. 2010
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CATION EXCHANGE EFFECTS ON BENTONITE OSMOTIC EFFICIENCYCATION EXCHANGE EFFECTS ON BENTONITE OSMOTIC EFFICIENCY
Athens, Greece Athens, Greece –– XV ECSMGE 2011XV ECSMGE 2011
Manassero
1 10 4−× 1 10 3−× 0.01 0.1 10.1−
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1NaCl - n = 0.90NaCl - n = 0.80NaCl - n = 0.70CaCl2 - n = 0.90CaCl2 - n = 0.80CaCl2 - n = 0.70
Average salt concentration, c0 (M)
cT = c0cB = 0
csk,0 = 0.1 M
Dominijanni et al. 2010
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Multiphase &Multiphase & MulticomponentMulticomponent FlowFlowAthens, Greece Athens, Greece –– XV ECSMGE 2011XV ECSMGE 2011
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Athens, Greece Athens, Greece –– XV ECSMGE 2011XV ECSMGE 2011
Manassero
Multiphase &Multiphase & MulticomponentMulticomponent FlowFlow
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Athens, Greece Athens, Greece –– XV ECSMGE 2011XV ECSMGE 2011
Manassero
[s]
Multiphase &Multiphase & MulticomponentMulticomponent FlowFlow
Alferi et al. 2009
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Summary for DiscussionSummary for DiscussionAthens, Greece Athens, Greece –– XV ECSMGE 2011XV ECSMGE 2011
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GENERAL RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
THEORETICAL MODELING IMPROVEMENT IN TERMS OF COUPLING CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL & MECHANICAL PHENOMENA AT DIFFERENT SCALES
EXPLOITATION OF BIOLOGICAL & NANO TECNOLOGIES
NOT ONLY TEORETICAL STUDIES BUT ALSO FIELD & LABORATORY EXPERIMENTATION
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Summary for DiscussionSummary for DiscussionAthens, Greece Athens, Greece –– XV ECSMGE 2011XV ECSMGE 2011
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SPECIFIC RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE CHARACTERIZATION REFERRING IN PARTICULAR TO ITS MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR VS TIME
SET UP OF STANDARD TESTS , PROCEDURES & RELATEDREGULATIONS FOR THE EQUIVALENCE ASSESSMENT OF BARRIERS & LINING SYSTEMS PROFILES FOR WASTE CONTAINMENT
MORE INVOLVEMENT OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS WITHIN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RISK ANALYSIS SOFTWARES
…
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Athens, Greece Athens, Greece –– XV ECSMGE 2011XV ECSMGE 2011
Manassero
THANK YOU VERY
MUCH FOR YOUR
KIND ATTENTION