disease (ppt)

8/11/2019 Disease (Ppt)

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Healthy living to prevent Non-communicable diseases

Prepared by:Ms. June Pearl D. Dizon


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Communicable or Infectious Diseases

Are illnesses, caused by pathogens ( are organism

which are mostly microorganisms and can only beseen through microscope ) that are easily passed onfrom one to another.

is a disease that spreads from person to person.

Communicable diseases are diseases that you can"catch" from someone or something else. Somepeople may use the words contagious or infectiouswhen talking about communicable diseases.


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Non- Communicable or non-Infectious

Diseases

Are non-infectious diseases that are not caused by

pathogens and cannot be transferred from oneperson to another. These diseases are also knownas lifestyle diseases because much of the riskfactors are associated with human behavior on

nutrition, physical activities, smoking, alcoholconsumption and others.


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What are germs?Germs are tiny organisms (living things) that may cause disease.Germs are so small and sneaky that they creep into our bodywithout being noticed. In fact, germs are so tiny that you need touse a microscope to see them. Germs are microbes. A Microbe is atiny living organism that can only be seen with a microscope.Microbes are the smallest form of life on Earth. Microbes can befound virtually anywhere - in air, water, plants, animals andhumans. A Germ is a microorganism that causes disease. Germsare also known as pathogens.

These harmful microbes can enter our body through direct orindirect contact, through a pathogen- carrier organisms.


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Cont Non-communicable diseases are identified globallyas a major cause of morbidity and mortality.

MORTALITY- refers to the measure on deaths.MORBIDITY- is the degree or severity of disease.


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PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL

ENVIRONMENTECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL

CONSTRAINTCULTURAL BELIEFSEDUCATION

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS OFDISEASE AND HEALTH PROBLEMS


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1. Unhealthy dietIs composed of energy-dense food whichare high in fats, low in fibers and poor inessential nutrients.

2. Malnutritionrefers to the condition that develops when

the body does not get the right amount ofnutrients it needs for healthy bodyfunctioning, resulting in different healthproblems.

RISK FACTORS OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES


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3. ObesityIs a body condition wherein a person has

excessive fat. This condition elevates bloodcholesterol and causes a build up of arteries.4. Smoking

Accounts for the high rate of cancer, heart andlung diseases. Various harmful substancesincluding nicotine, tar and carbon monoxideamong others, are present in tobacco smoke andare detrimental to the health of smokers evento non-smokers.



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5. AlcoholIs a central nervous systemdepressant. When taken, alcoholirritates delicate membranes of thedigestive system and also result in

damage to the brain, liver and lungs.



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PATHOGEN CHARACTERISTICS WAY OF ATTACK DISE

Virus Smallest pathogenCan infect all living organism.

Cannot reproduce withouthost cells.

penetrate hostcells to replicate Measles,common cold,warts, polio,mumps, flu, HIV,Chicken pox,hepatitis

Bacteria

Single-celled microorganism.common types are the bacilli,

cocci and spirillaSome are beneficial some

release harmful toxins.

Release toxins Tuberculosis,anthrax, typhoid,cholera,syphilis,meningitis,pneumonia,tetanus

Fungi

single or multi-celled plantlikeorganisms.

form spores and live on moistenvironment on skin, mucousmembrane and lungs.

releaseenzymes thatdigest host cells

Athletes foot,tinea, flava,ringworm.


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PATHOGEN CHARACTERISTICS WAY OF ATTACK DISE

Protozoa

single-celled organismReproduce sexual and asexual

Produce toxinsThey live in water or at least

where it is damp

release toxinsand enzymes

Malaria,amoebiasis,African sleeping,sickness,dysentery

Rickettsia

Tiny-single-celled organismCarried by other parasites like

flea, lice and ticks.

Intracellularparasites whichare transportedby vectors

Typhus,spotted fever, Q-fever

Parasiticworm

multi-celled largest pathogens helminthes or worm-like

organisms that live with livinghosts.

disrupt nutrientabsorption of thehost cells.

Tapeworm,ascarishookworm,pinworm,filariasis.


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Reservoir

Is the usual habitat of the pathogens. It has favorable conditionthe pathogens to live and multiply. This reservoir could be humaanimal body that could be clinically infected with the pathogecould be merely carrier who has the infection but are not ill. Anis the environment.

Elements of Chain of Infection


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Portal of Exit

Is the route by which the pathogens may escape fromreservoir. The principal portals include the respiratourinary digestive reproductive and excretory system.



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Mode of Transmission

Is the method by which pathogens are transferred to another or from reservoir to susceptible host. Two bmode of transmission are direct and indirect contact.



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Portal of Entry

Is the point where the causative agent can enter and atta susceptible host. It is almost the same point with portal of exit.



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Susceptible host

Is the organism or individual invaded by the pathogeSusceptibility is affected by generic factors genresistance factors and specific acquired immunity.



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Incubation stage

Is the time between initial infection and appearancsymptoms. Some incubation period can be short as fewlike common colds while some may take some years lik

STAGES OF INFECTION


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Prodomal stage

Symptoms are felt as the body begins to react witpathogens that continue to multiply. During this perioddisease is highly cimmunicable.

STAGES OF INFECTION


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Clinical or illness stage

Is the worst point of the disease where all clinical sigsymptoms can be completely identified and appropranalyzed.

STAGES OF INFECTION


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Decline stage

The infection is reduced and the host starts to feel gocannot still return to normal activities.

STAGES OF INFECTION


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Recovery stage

Is the time when improvement seems complete. Howedisease may still be communicable. Recovery may comthe immunity without immunity or without fursymptoms yet carrier of infection.

STAGES OF INFECTION


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Relapse

The host may relapse in which one may recover from but may not have immunity and be affected again bsame infection which could be more difficult for the ho

STAGES OF INFECTION


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Immunity

Is the resistance to disease through the activities of our immune Our immune system is composed of cells tissues chemicals anorgans that fight pathogens and harmful organism in the bloodbody has three lines of defense against infection namely strucellular and immune.

Enhance body defense and

resitsance


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1. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASESDevelop when there in an abnormality on the

flow of blood through the heart and through thebody, with disorders of the heart and bloodvessels including coronary heart disease (heartattacks), cerebrovascular disease (stroke),raised blood pressure (hypertension), etc., the

major causes of cardiovascular disease aretobacco or cigarette use, physical inactivity andan unhealthy diet.

Common non-communicablediseases


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2. CANCERRefers to a large group of diseases

characterized by the uncontrolled growth ofabnormal cells that form a mass of tissue calleda tumor. Some tumors are benign and which arenot cancerous and may grow larger but do notspread to other parts. Cancerous tumors are

called malignant tumors and which infect nearbytissues and spread to other parts.



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2. CANCERCommon types of cancer.

Carcinoma- most common form of cancerBreast cancer- cancers originating from breast tissue.Prostate cancer- occurs when cells in the prostategland grow out of controlLung cancer- uncontrolled growth of tissue in the lungsLymphomas- are cancer in the lymphatic tissues w/

abnormal production of white cells resulting weakeningof immune systems.Leukemia- is the cancer of the blood or bone marrowcausing the abnormal production of blood cells, usuallyof white blood cells.

Common non-communicable

diseases


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3. DIABETES MELLITUSResults from low production of insulin from the

pancreas and the inability to break down sugar,causing a build up of sugar in the blood. Theearliest symptoms of diabetes are excessiveurination, unusual thirstiness, irritability,blurred visions, frequent infections, extreme

hunger and sudden weight loss.


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