discuss different protocols pertaining to communications and networking

8/18/2019 Discuss Different Protocols Pertaining to Communications and Networking

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Communication Network

Protocols


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Agenda

• OSI Protocols


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OSI Protocol Suite and

TCP/IP


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TCP Implementation of OSI


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Application

• The application layer is the OSI layer closest to the end user, which

means that oth the OSI application layer and the user interact

directly with the software application!

• This layer interacts with software applications that implement a

communicating component! Such application programs fall outsidethe scope of the OSI model! Application layer functions typically

include identifying communication partners, determining resource

a"ailaility, and synchroni#ing communication! !

• Some e$amples of application layer implementations include Telnet,

%ile Transfer Protocol &%TP', and Simple (ail Transfer Protocol&S(TP', )NS, *e+ttp!


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Application &cont!'


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Presentation

• The presentation layer pro"ides a "ariety of coding and con"ersion

functions that are applied to application layer data! These functions

ensure that information sent from the application layer of one

system would e readale y the application layer of another

system! Some e$amples of presentation layer coding and

con"ersion schemes include common data representation formats,

con"ersion of character representation formats, common data

compression schemes, and common data encryption schemes!


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Presentation -ayer &cont!'

• A%P, AppleShare %ile Protocol

• .I%, .I%

• ICA Citri$ Systems Core Protocol/01/

• 2P3., 2oint Photographic 3$perts .roup

• -PP, -ightweight Presentation Protocol

• NCP, Net*are Core Protocol

• N)4, Network )ata 4epresentation

• PN., Portale Network .raphics

• TI%%, Tagged Image %ile %ormat • 5)4, e5ternal )ata 4epresentation

• 5!67 PA), Packet Assemler+)isassemler Protocol

• 4etrie"ed from 8http9++en!wikipedia!org+wiki+Presentation:layer 8

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AppleShare_File_Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Formathttp://www.citrix.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetWare_Core_Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Data_Representationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PNGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFFhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_Data_Representationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentation_layerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentation_layerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_Data_Representationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFFhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PNGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Data_Representationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetWare_Core_Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEGhttp://www.citrix.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Formathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AppleShare_File_Protocol


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Session

• The session layer implementation of the OSI protocol suite consists

of a session protocol and a session ser"ice! The session protocol

allows session;ser"ice users &SS;users' to communicate with the

session ser"ice! An SS;user is an entity that re


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Session &cont!'

Session ser"ice pro"ides four asic ser"ices to SS;users!

1! 3stalishes and terminates connections etween SS;users and

synchroni#es the data e$change etween them!

6! Performs "arious negotiations for the use of session layer tokens,which the SS;user must possess to egin communicating!

=! Inserts synchroni#ation points in transmitted data that allow the

session to e reco"ered in the e"ent of errors or interruptions!

?! 3nales SS;users to interrupt a session and resume it later at a

specific point!


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Transport

• The OSI protocol suite implements two types of ser"ices at the

transport layer9 connection;oriented transport ser"ice and

connectionless transport ser"ice!

%i"e connection;oriented transport layer protocols e$ist in the OSIsuite, ranging from Transport Protocol Class > through Transport

Protocol Class ?! Connectionless transport ser"ice is supported only

y Transport Protocol Class ?!


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Transport &cont!'

• Transport Protocol Class > &TP>', the simplest OSI transport protocol, performs segmentation and

reassemly functions! TP> re


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Network -ayer

The network layer pro"ides the functional and procedural means of

transferring "ariale length data se


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Network -ayer &cont!'

Virtual Networks

• used to setup, maintain

teardown BC

• used in AT(, frame;relay,5!67

• not used in todayDs

Internet

Datagram Networks

• no call setup at network

layer

• routers9 no state aoutend;to;end connections

no network;le"el concept of

EconnectionF

• packets forwarded using

destination host address

packets etween same

source;dest pair may take

different paths


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)ata -ink

• The data link layer pro"ides reliale transit of data across a physical

network link! )ifferent data link layer specifications define different

network and protocol characteristics, including physical addressing,

network topology, error notification, se


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)ata -ink &cont!'

“link”


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)ata -ink &cont!'

The Logical Link Control (LLC) sulayer of the data link layer manages communications etween de"ices

o"er a single link of a network! --C is defined in the I333 G>6!6 specification and supports oth

connectionless and connection;oriented ser"ices used y higher;layer protocols! I333 G>6!6 defines a

numer of fields in data link layer frames that enale multiple higher;layer protocols to share a single

physical data link! The Media Access Control (MAC) sulayer of the data link layer manages protocol

access to the physical network medium! The I333 (AC specification defines (AC addresses, which

enale multiple de"ices to uni


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Physical

The physical layer defines the electrical, mechanical, procedural,

and functional specifications for acti"ating, maintaining, and

deacti"ating the physical link etween communicating network

systems! Physical layer specifications define characteristics such as"oltage le"els, timing of "oltage changes, physical data rates,

ma$imum transmission distances, and physical connectors!

Physical layer implementations can e categori#ed as either -AN or

*AN specifications! %igure 1;H illustrates some common -AN and*AN physical layer implementations!


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Physical -ayer


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OSI;)ata %low

discuss different protocols pertaining to communications and networking

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