discovering the wines of languedoc-roussillon, south of france
TRANSCRIPT
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Discovering the wines of LANGUEDOC-ROUSSILLON,
South of France
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28 centuries of history!
Contemporary wines, centuries of tradition 28 centuries of know-how Vineyards were established by the Greeks
and developed by the Romans
From the 8th Century, abbeys started organising the vineyards and delineating appellations
1531: birth of the first sparkling wine in Limoux Roussillon = French since 1659 18th and 19th centuries: building of the Canal du
Midi linking the Atlantic to the Mediterranean and arrival of the railway precipitated the growth of the vineyards and their diversification
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Geographic position
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The ideal climate
Mediterranean climate
Plentiful sunshine: mild winters, hot summers
Specific rainfall regime (storms) dry season = summer rainy season = autumn and early spring
Numerous and frequent winds (natural protection against phytosanitary diseases)
Average annual climatic parameters: Rainfall levels = 500 – 600 mm Sunlight = 2,530 hours (~316 days/365) Temperature = 15°C
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Various terroirs …
Numerous geological structures (reliefs, slopes, exposures, altitudes) and microclimates.
Rich variety of soils and subsoils; some of them having been awarded a special A.O.C. (different soils give different characters to wines):
limestone schist granite gneiss
Amphitheatre of mountains Predominantly clay/limestone, schist, “gravelly”.
cailloux sables granitiques argiles limons etc.
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Source : http://sol.ensam.inra.fr
Sols et Paysages © UMR LISAH Montpellier
Various terroirs …
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C = CabardèsM = MalepèreL = LimouxCR= Crémant
AOC
Cabernet Franc Cabernet SauvignonCarignan noirChenansonCinsautCotGrenache noir Grenache grisLladoner PelutMerlotMourvèdrePetit VerdotPinot noirPortanSyrah
VDN
Red and Rosé varietals
C – MC – M
C-M-L
C – M – L
L – CR
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AOC EffervescentBourboulencCarignan blancChardonnayChasanCheninColombardClairetteGrenache blancGrenache grisMacabeuMalvoisie du RoussillonMarsanneMauzacMuscat à petits grainsMuscat d’AlexandriePicquepoul blancRoussanneSauvignonSémillonTerretUgni blancVermentinoViognier
VDN
White varietals
M = white Minervois
M
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Vinification, maturation and characteristics
Dry red wines Traditional maceration after picking Carbonic maceration (Carignan for example) Vinification with controled temperatures Flash-Détente™process, thermovinification Microbullage (micro-oxygenation) Mandatory malolactic fermentation Maturation = an average of 2 years in vat or in wood
Light and easy drinking wines
Variety of hors d’œuvres; charcuterie and grilled meats
Drink young between 13° and 15°C
Stronger, more concentrated and/or older wines
Game, casseroles and ripened cheese
Drink within one hour after opening at 17°C
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Vinification, maturation and characteristics
Dry rosés wines Vinification obtained by bleeding after a few hours
of maceration Vinification obtained by direct pressing Vinification with controled temperatures Possible malolactic fermentation Maturation : “Seasonal” wine or “ageable” wine (which is
sometimes vinified and aged in oak barrels)
Fresh, fine and/or rich and powerful wines
Excellent wines for apéritif Charcuterie, white meat, spicy foods and Paëlla …
Serve between 8° and 12°C
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Vinification, maturation and characteristics
Dry white wines Mostly made from skin maceration, but
some wines come from direct pressing. Vinification with controled temperatures Frequent vinification in barrels Possible malolactic fermentation Stored in cellar:
Most of them should be drunk young (2 years) Wines aged in oak barrels: 3 years and more
Fresh wines with a rich aromatic complexity
Also wines for apéritif.Shellfish, fish or exotic foods.
Serve between 8° and 12°C
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Vinification of Vins Doux Naturels (VDN)
« Mutage »
Process discovered in 1285 by Arnau de Vilanova, rector of the University of Montpellier and doctor at the court of the King of Majorca.
During fermentation, a 96%vol. neutral vinic alcohol is added, in the amount of 5% to 10 % of the volume of the must in order to halt the yeast action and to keep a part of natural sugars.
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Vinification and maturation of Vins Doux Naturels (VDN)
Red, tuilé (tawny colored) Vinification either through:
Mutage after pressing of must derived from traditional maceration
Mutage on the cap (« mutage sur grains ou sur marc », long maceration in alcohol and pressing
Maturation of Red VDN Tuilé VDN
White, ambré (amber colored) Vinification either through:
Maceration for a few hours Direct pressing Mutage takes place on must (liquid phase)
or sometimes « sur marc » (Muscat) Maturation of White VDN Ambré VDN
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Vins Doux Naturels (VDN) Maturation and characteristics
While evolving, VDN change in colour, structure and flavour By « reduction » (=avoiding oxygen) : in full vats or in bottles (early bottling) By oxidation : maturation period between 30 months and more than 20 years …
inside or outside cellars in container en vidange (not filling up the containers completely) in different vats or aged in wood (foudres, demi-muids, barrels) or, sometimes, in glass bonbonnes or demi-muids outdoors for 9 to 12
months
A Vin Doux Naturel bottle (aged in an oxidative environment) can be kept open for several months
Pleasant wines as an apéritif, with cheese, dessert and with a variety of other foods like foie gras, poultry, roast meats, cream, chocolate desserts, fruits
Serve between 8 and 13°C. Between 13 and 15°C for the oldest ones.
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Vinification, maturation and characteristics of sparkling wines
Whole grape pressing
Juice selection and complete fermentation in temperature-controlled vats.
Just before bottling, a “liqueur de tirage” (mixture of yeasts and sugar) is added so that a second fermentation will take place in the bottle, thus enabling bubble formation; the yeasts convert the sugar into alcohol and fine bubbles. This second in-bottle fermentation lasts several months (at least 9 months for the Blanquette de Limoux and 12 for the Crémant de Limoux).
The daily “remuage” (riddling) in the pupitres allows the sediment deposit formed in the bottle to move into the neck. The neck of the bottle is then frozen in order to expel the deposit.
Before the final corking, a “liqueur d’expédition” (sugar dosage) is added which gives each cuvée its dry or semi-dry character.
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The Languedoc belongs to one of the largest vineyards in the world in terms of
area: the Languedoc-Roussillon Sud de France
= 270 000 ha of vines
A wine-growing area equivalent to that of Australia
-ROUSSILLON(The Vineyards of Languedoc - Roussillon AOCs)
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Languedoc-Roussillon production for wine year 2008/2009
AOC Roussillon
AOC Languedoc
Pays d’Oc
wines
**Total regional
Surface area in hectares 20 850 38000 103500 270 000
Accredited volumes in hl 596 974 1 360 000 5 975 000 ***12 900 000
% of total volume / for
France (51,9 Million of hl)
1,1 3 13% of which 60 %
are vins de pays
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Yield established by regulation
40 hl / ha
28,63 hl / ha*
50 hl / ha
36 hl/ha*
80 hl / ha
*61,22 hl / ha
% of private cellars 25 30 20
% of co-operative cellars 75 70 80
Wide range of wines in one of the
world’s largest
vineyards
________
Multiplicity of winery types: private
cellars / co-operative cellars / trading
companies
________
Production mix in
wineries * Average overall yield** Including VDT and local wines (VDP)*** Harvest declarations for AOC 2008
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Languedoc Roussillon : Key numbers
From August 2009… :
PDO (AOP) PGI (IGP) Wines without GI
Protected Designation of Origin
Protected Geographical Indication
Wines WITHOUT Geographical Indication
E.g.: AOC + VDQS (Delimited Wine of Superior Quality)
E.g.: Local wine (“vin de pays”)
E.g.: Table wine
27%
40%
14%
10%
6%3%
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Languedoc Roussillon : Key numbers
30 000 wine growers managing 270 000 ha of vineyards
300 co-operative cellars & 2 500 private cellars make the Sud de France range of still, sparkling and natural sweet wines.
The trade in the Sud de France range of wines (including table wines) is estimated at 12.5 million hectolitres. The 50 main marketers account for more than 70% of sales.
Finally, more than 100 000 people work directly for the industry, not to mention indirect employment.
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Languedoc Roussillon : COM reform
AOC(Registered Designation
ofOrigin)
VDQS(Delimited wine
of Superior Quality)
VDP(Local wine)
VDT(Table Wine)
AOP / PDO(Protected
Designation of Origin)
INAO
Wines without
GI(Geographic
al Indication)
Implementing organisation
INAO(National Institute for Designations
of Origin)
FRAM
Implementing organisation
TO BE DEFINED
IGP / PGI(Protected
Géographical Indication)
YESTERDAY
TODAY
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Languedoc Roussillon : CMO Reform
Every AOC and/or Local Wine wishing to become a PDO or PGI will have to form an Organisme de Gestion (Implementing Organisation) and set up an independent inspection or regulatory body.
The Organisme de Gestion will have to draft a list of specifications, which will be validated by INAO, and add an inspection plan to it which will define the control types and pressure levels.
As at 1 August 2009, every PDO must have its specifications validated whilst PGIs may use their decree provisionally until 31 December 2011.
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LANGUEDOC AOC’s / PDOs
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42 500 hl
1 345 300 hl
70 330 hl
9 300 000 hl
Breakdown of AOC / PDO Languedoc wines production
Total average production 10 .7 million hl
AOC/PDO Vins Doux Naturels
AOC/PDO Vins secs
AOC/PDO Vins effervescents
Vins de pays & vins de table (PGI & no IG)
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18 AOCs / PDOs with strong characters
11 AOCs / PDOs for either red, rosé or white
3 AOCs / PDOs sparkling wines
4 AOCs / PDOs Vins Doux Naturels
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Languedoc AOC’s / PDO’s : breakdown of production by colour and type of wine
10%
6%
5%
3%
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Breakdown of Languedoc AOC’s / PDO’s
Languedoc AOCs / PDOs: production tending towards diversification
35%
9%30%
5%8%
0.2%
1.5%
5% 5%
0.8%
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The Languedoc AOC / PDO : a major French regional designation
Decree of April, 30th 2007
Four departments: Hérault, Aude, Gard, Pyrénées Orientales A minimum of two grape varieties
• Example of reds: Syrah and Mouvèdre / Syrah or Mouvèdre = 20% + 80% minimum Grenache
• Example of whites: Grenache B + Bourboulenc / Picpoul + 50% minimum of another white grape variety
Basic yield: 50hl/ha for reds; 60hl/ha for whites Wine alcohol content > 11.5% Maturity of grapes harvested: 198g/l sugar in red (190 for
whites)
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Languedoc AOC / PDO wines, a very promising high-quality vineyard
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Sub-regional appellations: diversity and characteristics of our terroirs
AOC Cabardès AOC Clairette du Languedoc
AOC Corbières
AOC Faugères
AOC Limoux
AOC Malepère
AOC Minervois
AOC Saint Chinian
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Restructuring of the “Coteaux du Languedoc” group
The regional AOC / PDO: corresponds to the extension of the Coteaux du Languedoc designation
The Coteaux du Languedoc are broken down into eight areas or terroirs La Clape Pic Saint Loup Picpoul de Pinet Grès de Montpellier Pézenas Terrasses du Larzac Terrasses de Béziers Sommières
These eight areas are destined to become eight new designations
AFTER INAO VALIDATION
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Local appellations : our delectable gems
Saint Chinian Roquebrun
Corbières Boutenac
Minervois la Livinière Saint Chinian Berlou
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ROUSSILLON AOC’s / PDOs
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295 659 hl
301 315 hl
407 295 hl
Breakdown of AOC / PDO Roussillon wines production
Total average production 1,004 million hl
AOC / PDO Vins Doux Naturels
AOC / PDO Vins secs
VDP = 4/5
Vins de pays & vins de table (PGI & no IG)
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Roussillon AOCs / PDOs
Collioure
Côtes du Roussillon
Côtes du Roussillon Les Aspres
Côtes du Roussillon Villages Côtes du Roussillon Villages
Caramany Côtes du Roussillon Villages Latour
de France Côtes du Roussillon Villages
Lesquerde Côtes du Roussillon Villages
Tautavel
Muscat de Rivesaltes (VDN)
Rivesaltes (VDN)
Maury (VDN)
Banyuls & Banyuls Grand Cru (VDN)
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Roussillon AOCs / PDOs
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Roussillon AOC‘s / PDO’s : breakdown of production by colour and type of wine
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Roussillon, 13 AOCs / PDOswith very distinctive characteristics
AOC / DPO Dry wines (8) Collioure (white, rosé, red) Côtes du Roussillon (white, rosé, red) Côtes du Roussillon Les Aspres (red)(plot selection) Côtes du Roussillon Villages (red)
Plus 4 specific productions carrying the name of the commune:
CRV Caramany CRV Latour de France CRV Lesquerde CRV Tautavel
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Last changes in Roussillon dry AOC’s / PDO’s group ?
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Roussillon, 13 AOCs / PDOswith very distinctive characteristics
Vins Doux Naturels AOCs / PDOs (5)
Rivesaltes « Grenat » = non oxydised
« Tuilé » / « Ambré » = oxydisedMaury
white / «Vintage», «Vendange», «Récolte» = non oxydised
Amber / Tawny = oxydisedBanyuls
white / «Rimage» = non oxydised
Amber / Tawny = oxydisedBanyuls Grand Cru (tawny ) = oxydisedMuscat de Rivesaltes (white)= non oxydised
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Last changes in Roussillon VDN AOC’s / PDO’s group ?
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Food and wine pairings LANGUEDOC-ROUSSILLON
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Red with characters…
AOCS / PDOs Cabardès, Corbières, Corbières Boutenac, Faugères, Languedoc, Limoux, Malepère,
Minervois, Minervois la Livinière, Saint Chinian , Saint Chinian Berlou, Saint Chinian Roquebrun, Côtes du Roussillon, Côtes du Roussillon les Aspres, Côtes du Roussillon Villages, Côtes du Roussillon Villages latour de France, Côtes du Roussillon Villages Caramany, Côtes du Roussillon Villages Lesquerde, Côtes du Roussillon Villages Tautavel and Collioure .
Five designations in the process of recognition : La Clape, Pic Saint Loup, Les Grés de Montpellier, Pézenas, Terrasses du Larzac
Characteristics according to the stage of development Young: elegant and expressive, aromas of small red and black fruit (blackcurrants,
cherries and blackberries …), violets, peones…, sweet licorice or minerality. Mature: powerful, subtle and generous, aromas of candied fruits, leather, coffee and
animal notes
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Rosés with characters…
AOCS / PDOs Cabardès, Corbières, Faugères, Languedoc, Malepère, Minervois,
Saint Chinian, Côtes du Roussillon and Collioure. Characteristics
Lively, fresh, fruity and tasty, red fruit aromas, minerality.
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Whites with characters…
AOCS / PDOs Corbières, Minervois, Saint Chinian, Faugères, Languedoc,
Clairette du Languedoc, Limoux, Côtes du Roussillon and Collioure.
Designations in the process of classification: Picpoul de Pinet, La Clape
Characteristics Dry, fresh white: well-balanced, flowery, fruity nose,
exceptional body and finesse Aromatic white: exotic fruits, hazelnut for the Clairette, apple
for the Limoux
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Sparkling wines with characters…
AOCS / PDOs Blanquette de Limoux, Crémant de Limoux, Blanquette Méthode
Ancestrale Characteristics
Fine bubbles with a southern nose, aromas of white flowers (acacia, hawthorn and peach tree…) and apple
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VDN with characters…
AOCS / PDOs Muscat de Saint Jean de Minervois, Muscat de Lunel, Muscat de
Mireval, Muscat de Frontignan, Muscat de Rivesaltes, Banyuls, Banyuls grand Cru, Maury and Rivesaltes
Characteristics Sweet wines with exceptional aromatic delicacy: young fruits and
flowers, honey … for Muscats Finesse, complexity, richness, dry fruits, candied fruits, cocoa,
cofee…
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All Languedoc-Roussillon AOC’s / PDO’s
Young, fruity wine
Powerful wine with rich aromas
Young, fresh, rather lively wineOr powerfull with a same range of aromas.
A few basic rules…
Mediterranean dish
Simple dish
Rich dish
Spicy dish
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Red AOCs / PDOs Young: simple dishes (omelette or savoury tart), flavoured, lightly seasoned, tomato-
based, grilled white or red meats. Characterful: dishes in (gravy or mushroom) sauce or very aromatic, grilled red meat
(beef or lamb), game.
Rosés AOCs / PDOs Summer dishes, very spicy dishes, exotic salads and cuisines of the world
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White AOCs / PDOs Dry: seafood and shellfish, grilled fish with herbs, lemon-
flavoured dishes, white meat, goat’s cheese More complex: fish and white meat in cream sauce,
seafood lasagne, fish quenelles, goat’s cheese
Sparkling AOCs / PDOs Canapés, pastries from the South of France, sweet exotic
dishes made with almonds or coconut…
Vins Doux Naturels AOCs / PDOs Savoury dishes: canapés made with foie gras, quails
with grapes, sweet & salt or sweet & sour recipes, cheeses, tartes Tatin, French horns, fruit desserts, icescream…
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Food & dry or sparkling wines pairing
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Food & Vins Doux Naturels wines pairing
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Product Technical Sheets Appendix
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AOC Limoux wines,Blanquette and Blanquette Méthode Ancestrale 1938, Crémant 1990, Limoux white 1993, red 2004
1,800 hectares harvested 542 producers 1 cooperative cellar 24 private cellars 8 trading companies
Average yield 40 hl/hectare (sparkling)
Production Blanquette de Limoux 40,000 hl Crémant de Limoux 30,000 hl Blanquette méthode ancestrale 4,000 hl Limoux (still wine)
White: 5,000 hl Red: 2,800 hl
Authorised varietals Blanquette: Mauzac (at least 90%), Chenin
and Chardonnay Crémant: Chardonnay (at least 40%)
Chenin (at least 20%), Chardonnay + Chenin (90% maximum). Secondary varietals: Mauzac + Pinot Noir ( 20% maximum), Pinot noir (10% maximum)
White Limoux (still wine): Mauzac (at least 15%), Chardonnay, Chenin
Red Limoux (still wine): Merlot (at least 50%), Cot, Syrah grenache (at least 30%), Carignan (10% maximum). Blanquette Méthode Ancestrale: 100% Mauzac
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Corbières, AOC red, rosé, white since 1985 Corbières-Boutenac since 2005
13,500 hectares reported 2,206 producers 33 cooperative cellars 289 private cellars
Average yield
44.56 hl/hectare
Average production
554,000 hl 92.6% red 5.8% rosé 1.6% white
Authorised varietals Red and rosé : Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre,
Carignan, Cinsault White: Grenache blanc, Bourboulenc,
Macabeu, Marsanne, Roussanne, Vermentino
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Coteaux du Languedoc,AOC red, rosé and white since 1985
10,000 hectares 2,800 producers 94 cooperative cellars 450 private cellars
Average yield 47 hl/hectare
Production 400,000 hl 78% red 10% rosé, 12% white
Pedo-climatic zones La Clape - Terrasses de Béziers -
Pézenas - Grés de Montpellier - Picpoul de Pinet - Terrasses du Larzac - Terres de Sommières
Pic Saint Loup
Authorised varietals
Mainly red and rosé: Grenache noir, Syrah and Mourvèdre (at least 50%); Cinsault et Carignan.
Pic St Loup: Syrah, Grenache noir, Mourvèdre (at least 90%).
Clape and Grés de Montpellier: Syrah, Grenache, Mourvèdre (at least 70%).
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Minervois, AOC red, rosé, white since 1985
5,000 ha identified 1,100 producers 30 cooperative cellars 222 private cellars
Maximum authorized yield
50 hl/ha
Production
170,000 hl 94% red 2% white 4% rosé
Authorised varietals Syrah, Mourvèdre (at least 20%) Syrah, Mourvèdre, Grenache (at least 60% ) Red: Carignan, Cinsault, Terret, Aspiran,
Piquepoul (40% maximum) White: Marsanne, Roussanne, Macabeu,
Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache, Vermentino and Muscat à petits grains
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Minervois La Livinière, AOC red since 1999
2,600 ha delineated 200 ha harvested 3 cooperative cellars 34 private cellars
Maximum authorized yield 45 hl/ha
Production 7 000 hl 100% red
Authorised varietals
Syrah, Mourvèdre and Grenache (at least 60% of the varietals, of which at least 40% Syrah or Mourvèdre)
Possible secondary varietals: Carignan, Cinsault, Terret, Piquepoul and Aspiran
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Saint-Chinian, AOC red and rosé since 1982, white since 2005Saint Chinian-Berlou / Saint Chinian-Roquebrun 2005
3 300 ha harvested 520 producers 9 cooperative cellars 102 private cellars
Average yield 45 hl/ha
Production 135,000 hl 90% red 9% rosé 1% white
Authorised varietals
Red and rosé: Grenache, Syrah and Mourvèdre, Carignan, Cinsault, Lladoner Pelut
White: Grenache blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Rolle
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Faugères, AOC red and rosé since 1982, white since 2005
2,000 hectares harvested 150 producers 2 cooperative cellars 38 private cellars
Average yield 42 hl/ha
Production 80,000 hl 80% red 20% rosé
Authorised varietals Red and rosé: Syrah, Grenache,
Mourvèdre, Carignan and Cinsault White: Roussanne, Grenache blanc,
Marsanne, Vermentino
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CabardèsVent d’est, Vent d’ouest, AOC since 1999
450 hectares harvested 30 producers 5 cooperative cellars 25 private cellars
Average yield 50 hl/hectare
Production 20,000 hl 90% red 10% rosé 90% sold on the estate or at the
château, bottled on the estate
Authorised varietals At least 40% of Atlantic grape
varieties: Merlot, Cabernet-Sauvignon, Cabernet franc,
At least 40% of Mediterranean grape varieties: Syrah, Grenache
A maximum of 20% of Cot, Fer Servadou and Cinsault
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Malepère, AOC since 1976, red and rosé
500/600 hectares committed to the Malepère’s wine charter
150 producers 4 cooperative cellars 20 private cellars
Average yield 50 hl/ha
Production
from 20 to 25,000 hl 85% red 15% rosé
Authorised varietals
Main varietals: Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Cot.
Secondary varietals: Cabernet sauvignon, Grenache, Cinsault
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Clairette du Languedoc, AOC white since 1948
100 hectares harvested 7 cooperative cellars 11 private cellars
Average yield
40 hl/hectare
Production
3,800 hl 100% white
Authorised varietals
Clairette
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The Muscats of Languedoc (VDN)
Muscat de Frontignan (since 1936) 800 hectares harvested 1 cooperative cellar 5 private cellars Production of 21,848 hl
Muscat de Lunel (since 1943) 300 hectares harvested 1 cooperative cellar 4 private cellars Production of 9,847 hl
Muscat de Mireval (since 1959)
270 hectares harvested 1 cooperative cellar 4 private cellars Production of 7,565 hl
Muscat de Saint Jean de Minervois (since 1949)
160 hectares harvested 1 cooperative cellar 5 private cellars Production of 5,639 hl
Authorized varietal: Muscat à petits grains
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Côtes du Roussillon, AOC Red, Rosé and White since 1977
Key numbers 2009 118 communes 6 646 ha of surface area 3 000 vines/ha of density
Maximum authorised yield : 50 hl/ha
Yield : 27,42 hl/ha
Production : 182 283 hl Red : 75 283 hl Rosé : 102 000 hl White : 5 000 hl
Authorised varietals :
Red and Rosé wines Carignan noir, Grenache noir,
Lladoner Pelut, Cinsault, Syrah, Mourvèdre, Macabeu (only for rosé)
White wines Grenache blanc, Grenache
Gris, Macabeu, Tourbat or Malvoisie du Roussillon, Roussanne, Marsanne, Vermentino
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Côtes du Roussillon les Aspres, AOC Red since 2005
Key numbers 2009
37 communes 46 ha of surface area 3 000 vines/ha of density
Maximum authorised yield : 45 hl/ha
Yield : 32,28 hl/ha
Production : 1 485 hl
Authorized varietals : Carignan noir, Grenache noir, Syrah, Mourvèdre
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Côtes du Roussillon Villages, AOC Red since 1977
Key numbers 2009
32 communes 1 158 ha of surface area 3 000 vines/ha of density
Maximum authorised yield : 45 hl/ha
Yield : 29,36 hl/ha
Production : 34 000 hl
Authorized varietals : Carignan noir, Grenache noir, Lladoner Pelut, Syrah, Mourvèdre
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Côtes du Roussillon Villages Caramany, AOC Red since 1977
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Côtes du Roussillon Villages Latour de France, AOC Red since 1977
Key numbers 2009
5 communes 67 ha of surface area 3 000 vines/ha of density
Maximum authorised yield : 45 hl/ha
Yield : 43,28 hl/ha
Production : 2 900 hl
Authorized varietals : Carignan noir, Grenache noir, Lladoner Pelut, Syrah, Mourvèdre
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Côtes du Roussillon Villages Lesquerde, AOC Red since 1996
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Côtes du Roussillon Villages Tautavel, AOC Red since 1997
Key numbers 2009
2 communes 221 ha of surface area 3 000 vines/ha of density
Rendement max. autorisé : 45 hl/ha
Rendement : 38 hl/ha
Production : 8 400 hl
Authorized varietals : Carignan noir, Grenache noir, Lladoner Pelut, Syrah, Mourvèdre
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Collioure, AOC Red since 1971, Rosé since 1991, White since 2003
Key numbers 2009
4 communes 510 ha of surface area 4 000 vines/ha of density
Rendement max. autorisé : 40 hl/ha
Rendement : 37,68 hl/ha
Production : 19 219 hl Red : 11 542 hl Rosé : 4 925 hl White : 2 752 hl
Authorized varietals :
Red and Rosé wines Main varietals: Grenache noir,
Syrah, Mourvèdre Secondary varietals: Carignan
noir, Cinsault, Grenache gris White wines
Main varietals: Grenaches blanc and gris
Secondary varietals: Macabeu, Malvoisie, Marsanne, Roussanne, Vermentino
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Rivesaltes, VDN AOC since 1936, Grenat, Ambré and Tuilé since 1997
Key numbers 2009 86 communes – Pyrénées-
Orientales 9 communes – Aude 4 371 ha of surface area 3 700 vines/ha of density
Rendement max. autorisé : 30 hl/ha
Rendement : 29,22 hl/ha
Production : 127 733 hl
Authorised varietals :
Grenat and Tuilé Grenache noir, Grenache
blanc, Grenache gris, Macabeu, Tourbat or called Malvoisie du Roussillon
Ambré wines Grenache blanc, Grenache
gris, Muscat à petits grains, Muscat d’Alexandrie, Macabeu, Tourbat or called Malvoisie du Roussillon
Secondary varietals: Carignan noir, Cinsault, Syrah, Listan
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Muscat de Rivesaltes, VDN AOC White since 1956
Key numbers 2009
90 communes – Pyrénées-Orientales 9 communes – Aude 4 401 ha of surface area 3 000 vines/ha of density
Rendement max. autorisé : 30 hl/ha
Rendement : 27,26 hl/ha
Production : 120 000 hl
Authorised varietals : Muscat à petits grains, Muscat d’Alexandrie or called Muscat Romain
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Maury, VDN AOC Red and White since 1936
Key numbers 2009
4 communes 276 ha of surface area 3 700 vines/ha of density
Rendement max. autorisé : 30 hl/ha
Rendement : 23,09 hl/ha
Production : 6 374 hl
Authorised varietals :
Red and Tuilé wines Main varietals: Grenache noir,
Grenache blanc, Grenache gris, Macabeu
Secondary varietals: Carignan noir, Syrah
White and Ambré wines Grenaches gris et blanc,
Macabeu, Tourbat, Muscat d’Alexandrie, Muscat à petits grains
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Banyuls, VDN AOC Red since 1936, White since 1992
Key numbers 2009
4 communes 516 ha of surface area
Rendement max. autorisé : 30 hl/ha
Rendement : 21,50 hl/ha
Production : 11 096 hl
Authorised varietals :
Main varietals: Grenache noir, Grenache blanc, Grenache gris, Muscat à petits grains, Muscat d’Alexandrie, Macabeu, Tourbat or called Malvoisie du Roussillon
Secondary varietals: Carignan noir, Cinsault, Syrah
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Banyuls Grand Cru, VDN AOC Red since 1962
Key numbers 2009
4 communes 212 ha of surface area
Rendement max. autorisé : 30 hl/ha
Rendement : 16,50 hl/ha
Production : 3 499 hl
Authorised varietals :
Main varietals: Grenache noir, Grenache blanc, Grenache gris, Muscat à petits grains, Muscat d’Alexandrie, Macabeu, Tourbat or called Malvoisie du Roussillon
Secondary varietals: Carignan noir, Cinsault, Syrah
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Breakdown of Vins de pays d’Oc
25 %
42 %
31 %
2 %
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Vins de pays d’Oc market share in the French vins de pays category
Vins de Pays d'Oc market share in the French Vins de Pays
RED ROSE WHITE TOTAL
Percentage of Vins de pays d'Oc / French Vins de Pays
59% 45% 54% 55%
Vins de Pays d'Oc Varietal wine shares in the entire French Varietal Vins de Pays category
MerlotCabernet
-Sauv.Syrah
Cinsault Rosé
Syrah Rosé
Chardon-nay
Sauvi-gnon
Total Varietal Wines
Percentage of Vins de Pays d'Oc / French Vins de Pays
95% 93% 96% 97% 92% 88% 83% 90%
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Vins de pays d’Oc Vendanges Surmûries
Naturally sweet wines, resulting from the vinification of
an over-ripe harvest without alcohol ‘mutage’
The over-ripeness of the grapes can be obtained via
two developments:
concentration on the vine or through ‘passerillage’
Noble rot
Natural sugar content in the must: minimum 252 g/L
Analytical norms as per the approved Appellation rules :
Minimum 45 g/l residual sugar in the finished wine
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Thank you for your attention
To your health!
Courtesy of Languedoc-Roussillon wines, Southern France
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Tasting Notes
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Cuvée Royale, Crémant de Limoux Les Vignerons de Sieurs d’Arques
Notes:
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AOC Picpoul de Pinet Domaine Coustellier
Notes:
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Collioure Blanc Cornet & Cie 2008 Cave de l’Abbé Rous
Notes:
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Mas Daumas Gassac
Notes:
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Domaine de Fontseque - AOC Corbières Boutenac Gérard Bertrand
Notes:
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Côtes du Roussillon Rouge – Three Peaks 2006 Domaine Treloar
Notes:
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Vieilles Vignes-Domaine Gauby
Notes:
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Maury Prestige 15 ans d’age Domaine Mas Amiel
Notes: