discovering prehistoric indians in georgia listen to the song and then turn and talk you to your...
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Discovering Prehistoric Indians in Georgia
Listen to the song and then turn and talk you to your partner and make of list of facts that you know about Indians.
Crossing the Land Bridge
• The Bering Strait became a huge land bridge known as Beringia, it connected Asia and North America• People moved back and forth across Beringia for generations
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Crossing the Land Bridge
• The ice age ended and water covered the land bridge again• The new inhabitants of North and South America migrated back and forth across the land• Each group adapted to its surroundings• Their clothing, shelter, and hunting and gathering
tools, depended on the climate and resources available to them
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A B
C D
Indian Cultures-PAWM
4 Indian Cultures (Tribes)1. Paleo: 10,000 years ago
2. Archaic: 8000BC to 1000BC• Early , Middle, Late
3. Woodland: 1000BC to 1000AD
4. Mississippian: 700AD to 1600AD
PALEO Earliest known Indian culture.
Paleolithic Age (Very old)
Tools and weapons made mostly of stone
Atlatl: spear throwing device
Nomadic: roaming hunters who followed animals for food.
Did not build permanent homes Mammoths, bison, sloth… Hunting methods included chasing
off cliffs (Bones)
Paleo Sites in Georgia: Flint, Savannah, Ocmulgee
Only artifacts found from Paleo: Clovis points Atlatls
PALEO / ARCHAICATLATL SPEAR
ARCHAIC
Early (8000-5000BC) The larger game slowly
became extinct forcing the Indians to hunt smaller animals.
Deer, rabbit, turkey, fish… Spears and points became
smaller Archeologists found weapons
made of rock not found in GA. Trade or Migration
Fall: lived where berries, nuts fruits were available
Summer: good fishing locations
Spring & Winter: migrated for other food sources.
ARCHAIC
Middle (5000-4000BC) As areas grew drier and warmer, coastlines and riverbeds became
exposed— mussels, clams, and shellfish. Middens: heaps/piles of shells
Hooks made of animal bone for fishing Longer/lighter spears traveled farther and more accurate—no
longer needed to hunt as often. Small groups begin to join together outside the family structure
ARCHAIC
Late (4000-1000BC) Discovery of grooved axe
with wooden handle. Excavations: archeological
diggings Horticulture: science of
growing plants and trees Saving seeds
Stallings Island: mound of mussel and clam shells…burial grounds, fire hearths, pipes, axes and shell beads
Villages were becoming more permanent.
Stallings Island Excavation Site
ARCHAIC TOOLS
POTTERY
One of the greatest contributions the Archaic Indians made to advancement of civilization.
Sherds: bits of broken pottery
Allowed for the storing and preservation of food, causing Indians to stay in one place longer!
Broken Pottery with engravings
WOODLAND Several families or camps
would come together to form TRIBES:
A group of people who share a common ancestry, name, and way of life
Bow and Arrow: made of stone, shark teeth and antlers.
Pottery made to last longer Mixed with sand and dried in
sun
Evidence of religious ceremonies
Burial Mounds
Rock Eagle Mound: made of quartz in the shape of a bird.
No Explanation…theory. Effigy: image of person or
animal
Woodland Period
• Agriculture is the practice of growing specific plants for food
• The most common crop grown was maize (corn), beans, and squash
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MISSISSIPPAINTemple Mound Period
Highest prehistoric civilization in Georgia First discovered villages along the Mississippi
River Villages, towns, and farms Practiced a religion
Evidence of Civilization: Grow most of their food Crop rotation- plant in different fields (replenish nutrients) Jewelry, tattoos, hair styles, elaborate clothes Settlements with protective fences and moats
Palisade: wall made of tall posts Wattle and Daub: structure made of wood and clay
Religious centers to village DISAPPEARED without a trace…Disease, enemies…?
MISSISSIPPIAN
Ocmulgee National Monument:
Ceremonial lodge built of red clay
Used for religious and village meetings
Etowah Indian Mounds: 7 pyramid-shaped mounds Graves and bodies found Carved marble statues
Kolomoki Indian Mounds: 300 acres with one mound, 50
feet high, 320 feet long Many workers using primitive
tools over a long period of time.
Etowah Indian Mounds
