prehistoric cultures prehistoric cultures tim roufs’ section prosimians
TRANSCRIPT
Prehistoric Cultures
Tim Roufs’ section
Prosimians
http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/pcprim.html#Prosimii
Classification chart (after Linnaeus)
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 96
Primate taxonomic classification
Prosimians(pre-monkeys)
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123
TaxonomyTaxonomy
Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore)
lemurloristarsier
Common NameSuborder
Anthropoidea
TaxonomyTaxonomy
Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore)
Common NameSuborder
(Pen – Tailed) Tree Shrew, Borneo(Pen – Tailed) Tree Shrew, Borneo
• REM: the tree shrew is an insectivore not a primate
• S.E. Asia and Indonesia
Indonesia and Borneo
Java
Borneo
Indonesia
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126
(Pen – Tailed) Tree Shrew, Borneo(Pen – Tailed) Tree Shrew, Borneo
• REM: the tree shrew is an insectivore not a primate
• S.E. Asia and Indonesia• sharp-clawed digits• old fossil forms show flattened nails• some are nocturnal• about the size of a squirrel • approximation of earliest phase in the
evolution of primates
Pen – Tailed Tree Shrew, BorneoPen – Tailed Tree Shrew, Borneo
The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 20
p. 126
TaxonomyTaxonomy
Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore)
lemur
Common NameSuborder
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123
Primate taxonomic classification
Lemur
Geographical distribution of modern lemurs
Madagascar
Modern LemursModern Lemurs
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 125
(Dwarf) Lemur, Madagascar(Dwarf) Lemur, Madagascar
• size and appearance of a raccoon• independently moveable ears• mostly nocturnal• approximate midpoint between insectivores
and monkeys• widespread during Eocene, and is of interest
because of little change since Eocene– (36-58 million yrs. B.P.)
• most digits have flat nails rather than claws• has uneven body temperature
(Dwarf) Lemur, Madagascar(Dwarf) Lemur, Madagascar
The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 12
p. 125
Ring-tailed lemurp. 125
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 125
Sifakas in their native habitat in Madagascarp. 125
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 125
p. 125
Lemur, MadagascarLemur, Madagascar
p. 125
p. 125
TaxonomyTaxonomy
Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore)
lemurloris
Common NameSuborder
Primate taxonomic classification
Loris
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123
Loris Loris
• Malaysia, S.E. Asia
Java
Malaysia
MalaysiaMalaysia
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126
Loris Loris
• Malaysia, S.E. Asia• nocturnal• large eyes• feeds largely on insects, birds, and bird’s
eggs• strong hands• backbone has more vertebrae than any other
primate
Loris, Loris, Malaysia
The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 29
p. 126
Slow lorisp. 126
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126
TaxonomyTaxonomy
Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore)
lemurloris
– bush baby
Common NameSuborder
Galago, or “bush baby” (Lorisiforme)p. 126
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126
TaxonomyTaxonomy
Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore)
lemurloris
– bush baby
tarsier
Common NameSuborder
Primate taxonomic classification
Tarsier
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123
TarsierTarsier
• North central Indonesia
Geographical distribution of modern tarsiers
Java
Borneo
Indonesia
Modern TarsiersModern Tarsiers
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126
TarsierTarsier
• North central Indonesia• extreme development of tarsal bones• smaller than lemur, about the size of a rat• small nose, large goggly eyes• at least 25 genera in Eocene times
(36-58 million yrs. B.P.)
– today there is only one
• arboreal• nocturnal• 180 degree head swivel
Tarsier, Tarsier, Indonesia
The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 23
p. 126
Tarsierp. 126
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126
PrimatesPrimates
Earliest primates =Prosimians(pre-monkeys)
Primate taxonomic classification
Prosimians
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123
A Primate Family Tree
The Emergence of Humankind, 4th ed., p. 64
New WorldMonkeys
Old WorldMonkeys
ca. 50 mya
Monkeys
Next:
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123