direktiondr. kopetz feb 06 nr.: 1 17.02.2005 landeskammer für land- und forstwirtschaft steiermark...

17.02.2005 Landeskammer für Land- und

Forstwirtschaft Steiermark

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Direktion Dr. KopetzFeb 06

Nr.: 1

Energy from Energy from Biomass-Biomass-

AchievementsAchievementstargetstargets

strategiesstrategies

Strassburg, 2006-05-18Strassburg, 2006-05-18Dr. Heinz KopetzDr. Heinz Kopetz



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BiomassBiomass

Can be used for heat (2003: 70%) electricity (2003: 29%) liquid fuels 2003: 1%) The green plant is the origin of biomass Direct – energy crops Indirect – byproducts, waste, other organic

material



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White paper: expected increase of White paper: expected increase of Renewables 1995 – 2010 Renewables 1995 – 2010

90,1

6,64,2 3,7 2,7 0,3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Biomasse Wind Wasser Solarkollektoren Erdwärme Photovoltaik

Biomasse

Wind

Wasser

Solarkollektoren

Erdwärme

Photovoltaik

MtoRöE



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What is the role of biomass in What is the role of biomass in the energy system in the year the energy system in the year 2003?2003? EU 25, 2003, Mtoe

Primary energy supply: 1725 (100%)

hereof biomass 69 (4%)

Hydro, Wind,Solar, PV 37 (2,1%)

Renewables total 106 (6,1%)



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What is the development?What is the development?

44

51

135

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2010

Contribution of Biomass to Energy Supply

3.2 % 3.5 % 8.8 %source: Internationale Energieagentur

Mt OE

IST1995

IST2000

SOLL2010

significant a

cceleration necesary !

significant a

cceleration necesary !

EU 15



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0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

GER F I CZ DK A UK ES S

Met

ric T

onne

s (0

00)/

year

Biodiesel 2002

Biodiesel 2003

Biodiesel Production in EU Biodiesel Production in EU 2525

• only 9 Member States produce Biodiesel

• D, F, I provide 89 % of total EU 25 Biodiesel production

2003

source: Biofuels Barometer June 2004



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050

100150200250300350400450

Spain France Sweden Poland ChechRep.

Met

ric T

onne

s (0

00)/y

ear

Ethanol 2002Ethanol 2003ETBE 2002ETBE 2003

source: Biofuels Barometer June 2004

Bioethanol and BioETBE Bioethanol and BioETBE

Production in EU 25Production in EU 25

• only 5 Member States produce Bioethanol/ BioETBE

• S, F, P provide 96 % of total EU 25 Bioethanol/ BioETBE production

2003



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0

source: BIOENERGYinternational

Pellets Production Pellets Production Sites in EuropeSites in Europe



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Some first conclusionsSome first conclusions

+In absolute terms biomass grows the fastest (3-4mtoe/a)

+The Eu directives on RES electricity and biofuels are very important

+dynamic development in the last years, not yet reflected in the figures

-Yet: only a few countries really push bioenergy, -Development lags far behind targets(10mtoe/a) How to accelerate the bioenergy use?



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Energy system – what does Energy system – what does this mean?this mean?

The energy system contains a huge quantity of capital intensive goods

a) to provide the economy with primary energy (coal-mines, oil- and gasfields, pipelines etc.)

b) to transform the primary energy to final energy: power stations, heating systems, refineries to deliver heat, electricity, liquid fuels.



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Capital and timeCapital and time

Therefore a renovation and reconstruction of the energy systems requires

- a huge amount of capital- time



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Why is the rapid renovation Why is the rapid renovation and reconstruction of the and reconstruction of the energy system necessary?energy system necessary?

Due to two reasons, caused by nature and not under human control, namely

- the upcoming scarcity of fossil resources

- the increasing concentration of C0² in the atmosphere



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Peak-OilPeak-OilÖlförderung erreicht MaximumÖlförderung erreicht Maximum



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Jan. 06



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European targets European targets for bioenergy for bioenergy

Maximum possible contribution to the final energy

consumption in Europe by -minimization of the conversion losses -final energy yields per hectar as high as

possible - low production cost to improve the

competitivity of the European economy



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EFFICIENCY OF THE ENERGY-TECHNOLOGY

examples

efficiency

heat from wood 80 – 90 %

heat and electricity 55 – 80 %

biomethan as fuel 55 – 65 %

ethanol 50 – 60 %

only electricity from biomass

25 – 30 %

CriteriaCriteria



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ENERGY PRODUCTION / HECTAR

technologyliter oilequivalent / ha

cornsilage – biomethan – fuel 5 700

cornsilage – biomethan – heat / el

5 000

corn as energy corn / heat 4 600

short rotation forest – heat 4 200

ethanol from corn 2 500

short rotation forest – only el 1 500

biodiesel from rape 1 240

CriteriaCriteria



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COST PER KILOWATTHOUR

cent / kWh

chips 2.2

energy corn 2.2

pellets 3.3

Heating oil, natural gas 5.0 – 7.0

primary energy

CriteriaCriteria



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COST PER KILOWATTHOUR

cent / kWh

biomethan 5-6

biodiesel 7-8

ethanol 7-8

electricity from biomass 12.0 – 16.0

market price electricity 5.0 – 7.0

final energy

CriteriaCriteria



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first priority: heat from biomass

second priority: liquid biofuels and biomethan as transportation fuels

electricity: only in combination with the use of heat

Further ConclusionsFurther Conclusionsbiomass is limited, therefore market development towards high efficiency, highEnergy output / ha at competitive costs



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European Targets European Targets for bioenergy for bioenergy

Now: European authorities define additional 80mtoe,

hereof 35 electricity, 27 heat, 18 transport

Point of discussion: European authorities define share of each member

state to attain together 80mtoe additional bioenergy Each member states defines the proportion of

bioelectricity, bioheat and biofuels (already defined !)



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New subgoals for New subgoals for additional biomasse useadditional biomasse use

Action plan proposal Electricity 35 15 Heat 27 47 Transport 18 18 Total prim.en. 80 80 Total final en. 45 62 +38%!

Thermodynamics: If you produce electricity from biomass, you produce per one unit electricty two to four units heat!



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The challenge: The challenge: Reconstruction of the Reconstruction of the

heat supply!heat supply!Private, public, commercialPrivate, public, commercial

Biomass heat: 30% to industryBiomass heat: 30% to industry70% to residential areas70% to residential areas

requires the reconstuction of requires the reconstuction of private heating systems in 15 to private heating systems in 15 to

20 million houses till 2010!20 million houses till 2010!

Necessary capital: 200bn Necessary capital: 200bn EuroEuro!!



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Summary: to accelerate Summary: to accelerate bioenerybioenery

- heat directive - biofuels: duties on ethanol ,obligation to blend

and tax reduction - electricity: feed in tariffs but only if efficiency is at least 65 % -capital: financial support programs to replace

fossil equipment by renewable in the heat sector

- stronger orientation of ag&forestry towards the energy sector



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Security of supplySecurity of supply

The additional production of 80 Mtoe biomass requires

- the increased use of by-products of agriculture and forestry and organic waste

- and 17 to 20 million ha dedicated energy crops (corn, cereals, rapeseed, short rotation forests etc.), if the raw material is mainly produces in Europe



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Land requirementsLand requirements

5,75%Diesel=10,4mtoe; 60%from EU: 5,7mioha 5,75%Ethanol = 8,2mtoe;85%from EU 4,6mioha

62mtoe for heat&electricity, 50% from dedicated crops, Corresponds to 178mio m³wood or 356TWh, yield per

ha 20m³ wood equivalent 8,9 mio ha

Total 19,2mio ha



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Best policy meansBest policy means

-plants with high yields - transformation technologies with high efficiency -final energy forms at low cost (Heat) - enough capital to replace fossil equipment by renewable - agriculture as energy producer/seller - priority to raw materials from the EU!



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Considerations 2010 to Considerations 2010 to 20202020

-increase the heat-electricity production (4:1) by additional100mtoe mainly dedicated crops, byproducts, waste

-increase biogas as fuel and for el /heat -increase share of biofuels to 20%, partly

by imports of ethanol from countries with sugar cane production

2nd generation fuels compete with heat/el



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´Conclusion´Conclusion

The fossil energy markets are changing dramatically. Price increases and supply interruption are a threat to our economy.

These issues are still underestimated. Actions plans are a first step, the

implementation requires capital to rebuild the energy structure towards renewables.

The rapid deployment of Renewables should be the new European project like the introduction of the Euro or the common market!



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Thank you Thank you for the for the attention!attention!

direktiondr. kopetz feb 06 nr.: 1 17.02.2005 landeskammer für land- und forstwirtschaft steiermark...

Documents

heinz kopetz slide

energy system

final energy

europe slide

mtore slide

total eu

role of biomass

contribution of biomass