direct reading seminar baton rouge, la marketing team, august 2012

DIRECT READING SEMINARBaton Rouge, LA

Marketing Team, August 2012

Contents

1. Nickel Carbonyl Detection2. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene Sensor Study3. Cat Ex versus Infrared Detection for combustible gases4. X-zone Technology

Nickel Carbonyl Detection

Direct Reading Seminar | Marketing | 08.20124 | 34

NICKEL CARBONYL

Chemical Formula: Ni(CO)4

Synonyms & Trade Names: Nickel tetracarbonyl, Tetracarbonyl nickel

Exposure Limits: NIOSH REL: Ca TWA 0.001 ppm

OSHA PEL: TWA 0.001 ppm

ACGIH: TWA 0.05 ppm

Develops with CO and heat exposure on the nickel catalyst during a change out.

5 | 34

NICKEL CARBONYL TUBE

Dräger-Tube®: CH19501

Tube type: Color comparison ampoule tube

Detection Range: 0.1 – 1 ppm

Pump Strokes: n=20

Standard Deviation: ± 50%

Measuring time: ~5 minutes

No longer recommended to extend range with additional pump strokes

H2S or SO2 could cause bleaching effect, which would turn indication layer white 10 ppm H2S 30 mm white 10 ppm SO2 15 mm white

Direct Reading Seminar | Marketing | 08.2012

6 | 34

CARBON MONOXIDE TUBE

Dräger-Tube®: 6733051

Tube type: Direct Reading Tube

Detection Range: 2 to 60 ppm

Pump Strokes: n=10

Standard Deviation: ± 10 to 15%

Measuring time: ~4 minutes

No issue with use in N2 purged atmospheres

Direct reading CO monitors can be used Nickel Carbonyl can respond on electrochemical sensors


Sensor Study

8 | 34

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene H2S and SO2 Sensor Evaluation

H2S and SO2 sensors evaluated for response based on new ACGIH exposure levels

5 manufacturers participated in the study

“Results demonstrate that these monitors cannot reliably alarm and measure H2S or SO2 concentration at the new TLV’s with an acceptable degree of accuracy.”

DrägerSensors® were not evaluated


9 | 34

HYDROGEN SULFIDE

Chemical Formula: H2S

Synonyms & Trade Names: Hydrosulfuric acid, Sewer gas, Sulfuretted hydrogen

Exposure Limits: NIOSH REL: C 10 ppm [10 min max]

OSHA PEL: C 20 ppm; 50 ppm [10 min max peak]

ACGIH: TWA 1 ppm, STEL 5 ppm


10 | 34

DrägerSensor XXS H2S LC

Part No: 6811534

Instrument: X-am 3400 / 2000X-am 5000 / 5600Pac 7000Pac 3500 / 5500

Outstanding Features:

• fast response time and excellent linearity• selective measurement of H2S at or below 1 ppm• long life time

Measuring Range: 0 … 100 ppm

Lower Detection limit: 0.4 ppm

Resolution: 0.1 ppm

Response Time T90: 15 s

Applications:

Landfill measurement, petro chemistry, fertilizer production, sewage plants, mining & tunneling, shipping, organic chemistry, steel industry, pulp & paper, oil & gas, biogas, monitoring hazardous materials


11 | 34

SULFUR DIOXIDE

Chemical Formula: SO2

Synonyms & Trade Names: Sulfurous acid anhydride, Sulfurous oxide, Sulfur oxide

Exposure Limits: NIOSH REL: TWA 2 ppm; STEL 5 ppm

OSHA PEL: TWA 5 ppm

ACGIH: STEL 0.25 ppm


12 | 34

DrägerSensor XXS SO2

Part No: 6810885

Instrument: X-am 5000 / 5600Pac 7000

Outstanding Features:

• highly selective if selective filter is used, cross sensitivity to H2S will be eliminated

• selective filter has a life time of 1,000 ppm x hours at H2S of 1 ppm 1,000 h sensor usage

• fast response time

Measuring Range: 0 … 100 ppm

Detection limit: 0.1 ppm

Resolution: 0.1 ppm


Applications:

Food & beverage industry, pest control, mining, oil & gas, petro chemistry, pulp & paper, shipping, steel industry


Cat Ex vs IR

14 | 34

DrägerSensor Infrared IR Ex

Part No: 6812180

Instrument: X-am 5600

Measuring Range: 0-100 %LEL / 0-100 % by vol. CH4

Detection limit: 1 %LEL / 0.2 % by vol.

Resolution: 1% LEL / 0.1 Vol.-% for IR Ex


Applications:Telecommunications, shipping, sewage, gas supply companies, refineries, chemical industry, mining, landfills, biogas plants, tunneling.

Outstanding Features:• measuring of hydrocarbons in inert atmospheres• high level of long-term stability• highly resistant to poisoning


15 | 34

Dräger Infrared vs. heat of reaction technology

Catalytic bead sensor Infrared sensor

Used in Dräger Dräger

Measuring principle

Heat of reaction sensors are based on the oxidation of flammable gases on the surface of electrical heated catalytic elements, the pellistor.Due to the emerging heat of combustion the electrical resistance of the pellistor changes. The electrical homogenous compensator (the inactive spiral coil) is covered with a chemical inert layer and is used as a reference resistance to the pellistor. The resulting resistance change in the active part will be altered into a output signal.

By means of infrared light in a specific wave length the C-H bond of Hydrocarbon molecules will oscillate, whereas the infrared light will lose energy (light will be absorbed by the gas). In principle, the gas detectors will measure how much the light sent from the infrared lamp will be absorbed during the multiple passing through the gas. Colour filter in front of each detector will let pass only a small frequency range of light. The measuring detector has been tuned to the specific absorption of the C-H stimulation. The reference detector will measure the general light intensity. By comparison of both measurements a reliable result will be shown, which is largely independent to aging processes.


16 | 34

Dräger Infrared vs. CatEx – metrological differences


Inert Measurement: O2 in gas sample

required?

for the operation at least 10% O2 is required.

also applicable in inert atmospheres

Typical measuring ranges for flammable gases

- 0 - 100 % LEL flammable gases - 0 - 100 Vol.-% for Methane

- 0 - 100 % LEL flammable Hydrocarbons- 0 - 100 Vol.-% for Methane, Propane and Ethylene

Measureable flammable gases

All flammable gases; exception: large molecules No influence by non flammable gases

All flammable Hydrocarbons with C-H bondsNo measurement of Hydrogen (H2); but a combination of the IR Ex sensor with the electrochemical H2 sensor to an added H2 Ex signal is possible.


17 | 34

+ H2 (EC)

Dräger Relative sensitivity of a Methane calibrated instrument

Relative Sensitivity of a Methane calibrated instrumentAs an example for – the row of Alcanes: Methane (C1), Propane (C3), Nonane (C9)

As an example for – ring-shaped Hydrocarbons: TolueneAs an example for – inorganic explosive compounds: Hydrogen


18 | 34


“Fail Safe“ Some faults like contaminations, can only be discovered by a bump test

Possible sensor defects like corrosions on the surface, defective lamps or detectors can be shown by the instrument as an error

Limitations and erratic influences (e.g. contamination)

Silicones; halogenated Hydrocarbons; lead-containing components as Tetraethyl lead; Organic Phosphorous compounds; Sulphur compounds

high concentrations (H2S)- the CatEx 125 used in the Dräger X-am 5000 is equipped with an H2S pre filter to reduce the influences

No influences by sensor poisoning

Minimized influences due to water vapor concentration

In the Dräger X-am 5600 this influences will be minimized by heating the measuring cell (avoid condensation).



19 | 34


Stability/Drift good, in case of no catalyst poison; Recommended calibration interval*: 3 to 6 months

Very good due to the physical basis;

Recommended calibration interval*: 6 to 12 months

Life time Expected: 3+ years; depending on poisoning or mechanical defects

Warranty: 2 years

Expected: 8+ years; depending on corrosions and mechanical defects

Warranty: 5 years



* Providing recommended bump/function tests are performed

20 | 34

unknown Ex hazard- Fire Services and Civil Protection

Ex hazard due to inorganic gases – Hydrogen- Hydrocracker in Refineries - Energy producer- Production of margarine

Ex hazard due to vapors as Benzine, Diesel- Refineries and petrochemical treatment - Processing in the chemical industry (paint, polymer processing) - Crude oil transportation and storage

Ex hazard due to gases as Ethane, Propane, Pentane, Hexane - Natural gas pipelines and natural gas processing- Refineries and petrochemical treatment - Processing in the chemical industry- LPG storage and transportation- Extraction of vegetable oil

Ex hazard due to gases as Methane- Gas Pipelines, compressor stations - Waste water plants and channels- Biogas und clearing sludge- Landfill- Energy supply (Gas and Electric) - Building , Telekom and electric work because of leaks of adjoining gas pipelines or swamp gas- Mining

Infrared sensor Cat bead sensor

Dräger Recommended application

The infrared sensor does not measure any Hydrogen!

The Dräger X-am 5600 in combination with an

electrochemical Hydrogen sensor can be used


Dräger X-zone 5000Technology Update

August 2012, Russell Warn

Portable Gas Detection Portfolio Application overview

23 | 34

The product

Dräger X-zone 5000Patented: Device Integrated in Amplifier

State-of-the-art area monitoring – the Dräger X-zone in combination with the Dräger X-am 5000 or X-am 5600 gas detection instruments can be used for the measurement of one to six gases. The transportable, sturdy and waterproof unit extends mobile gas detection technology to a unique system with many flexible applications

24 | 34

Area Monitoring - the conceptAdvantages of an area monitoring safety concept

Big savings by implementing an area monitoring safety concept!

Example 1:

Use of one area monitor instead of multiple personal gas monitors; Savings due to eased logistics and training efforts for contractors within industrial shutdowns=> reduced costs

Example 2:

An area monitor is placed where the gas hazard is expected=> more safetyIt can be used additionally to the personal air monitors handed out to all workers; Rerelease procedures e.g. „after lunch breaks“ can be eased. => less costs

25 | 34

Dräger X-zone 5000Really noisy innovative area monitoring – 360°

Good sound!

108 dB at 1 m or 120 dB at 30 cm

Sweeping alarm sound from 1500 to 2300 Hz, that cannot be missed even with different industrial background noises

-360° visible green LED illuminated ring indicates: “no potential gas hazard”

-360° visible red or red/green LED illuminated ring indicates: “gas hazard” in combination with a

-360° audible evacuations alarm

26 | 34

Dräger X-zone 5000Innovative area monitoring – 360°

The 360° gas access on the top of the Dräger X-zone acts as a wind shield => highest safety

360° gas access

27 | 34

Dräger X-zone 5000wireless fence line monitoring

Up to 25 Dräger X-zone 5000 units automatically interconnect to form a wireless fenceline. This interconnection of the transportable measuring heads enables quick monitoring of large areas, e.g. pipelines or industrial tanks within the scope of industrial shutdowns. If a unit indicates a gas alarm (mother alarm – red) the device transmits the alarms to all other units that are part of the fenceline to a daughter alarm – green/red thus ensuring a simple evacuation alarm. Alternatively a wired or a combination of a wired/wireless fenceline can also be formed.

Wireless Alarm transfer from one instrument to the next =>

quick setup of a wireless fenceline reduces efforts for the construction site “safety

preparation”

28 | 34

Gas heavier than air:

dense gasor

cold Gases

Gas lighter than air:

light gasor

hot gases

HydrogenMethaneAmmoniaAcetyleneNitrogen

OxygenCarbon dioxide

PropaneChlorineBenzene

Phosgene

Gas DispersionWhere to place an area monitor?

Place an area monitor, where the gas hazard is expected, but where do you expect it?

Depending on the gas type to be detected use socket

29 | 34


Typical recommendation

Comparable to fixed gas detectors – X-zones shall be placed, depending on expected gases, in a distance of <25 m to ensure a safe area monitoring

system

Technical capability

X-zones would interconnect wireless at a distance of up to 100 mWith the used frequency of 868 MHz (Europe) or 915 MHz (Australia, USA, Canada) a good connection also “around the corner” or with obstructions in-

between the X-zones can be ensured even though the distance might be reduced

30 | 34


Easy Setup within a MESH Network

X-zones are automatically interconnected – the connection LED shows green,

if a neighbour instrument is found; it shows red with no neighbour

ALL DEVICES SPEAK TO ALL OTHER X-ZONES

IN MINIMUM ONE OTHER NEIGHBOUR NEEDS TO BE FOUND TO TAKE PART IN THE COMMUNICATION OF THE WHOLE

GROUP

=> HIGHEST SAFETY TO KEEP THE CONNECTION WITHIN THE FENCELINE

left instrument switched on

connection LED red

right instrumentturned on

connection LEDturned green

31 | 34

Dräger X-zone 5000Pumped Area Monitoring

An integrated pump – available as an option – provides continuous monitoring of areas in pumped operation. Thus the system allows for continuous monitoring of difficult to access areas or confined

spaces from a distance of up to 45 m. By using the diffusion cap the X-zone 5000

with pump is also useable in the diffusion mode.

32 | 34

In contrast to personal gas detection

instruments area monitors remain

in the Ex area also in the event of a gas

alarm. Therefore it is more important

that they are approved for Ex zone 0

– continuous operation in explosive

atmospheres is ensured.

Dräger X-zone 5000Zone 0

ATEX: I M1 Ex ia I Ma

(Mining) II 1G Ex ia

IIC T3 Ga(Industry –

Zone 0) IECEx: II 2G Ex d ia

T4 Gb

CUS: Class I, Zone 0, AEx ia IIC T3 GaClass I, Zone 1, AEx ia d IIC T4 Gb

33 | 34

Dräger X-zone 5000

Dräger Bumptest Station, for bumptests and calibrations of the gas detection devices

Dräger X-am 5x00

Dräger E-Cal Station, for bumptests, calibrations,configurations, fleet management

of the gas detection devices

No daily Bumptest required!

A bumptest is only necessary when placing the instrument on the site. With 5 days

runtime this may be just one time a week!

Alternatively use the attractive X-am 5000/5600 maintenance tools:

However, the gas detection instruments can also be quickly removed from the Dräger X-zone 5000 to allow usage of the accessories of the small

personal gas detectors, such as the Dräger Bumptest Station or the Dräger E-Cal station.

X-am 5600 | Marketing | 10.201134 | 34

THANK YOU!!

direct reading seminar baton rouge, la marketing team, august 2012

Documents

ppm acgih

ppm stel

ppm resolution

ppm detection limit

ppm response time t

ppm x hours

ppm osha pel

ppm pump strokes