direct opthalmoscopy to do fundus test

8/19/2019 Direct Opthalmoscopy to do fundus test

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DIRECT

OPTHALMOSCOPY BY SONI PRASAD

AMITY MEDICAL SCHOOL HARYANA

MOCO (3RD SEM )


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The frst ophthalmosope! "#$e#te% &'BABBAE "# *+,

I# *-!HELMHOLT. %e$elope% the frst

ophthalmosope to ree"$e the atte#t"o# o/the me%"al pro/ess"o#

HISTORY


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DIRECT0 12o"#2 /rom o#e plae to a#other"tho4t ha#2"#2 %"ret"o#5

OPHTHAL0 1e'e

SCOPE0 1re/err"#2 to a# "#str4me#t /oro&ser$"#2 or e6am"#"#25 It "s a# "#str4me#t /or o&ser$"#2 8 e6am"#"#2

the e'e "tho4t ha#2"#2 %"ret"o#5 Alter#ate Names0 94#%osop'

TERMINOLOGY


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Ophthalmoscopy is an examination othe poste!io! pa!t o the eye"all#$n%$s&' (hich incl$%es the !etina'optic %isc' Cho!oi%' an% "loo% )essels*As (ell as allo(in+ a )ie( o theante!io! se+ment in +ene!al %i,$sesill$mination

DE-INITION


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PRINCIPLE


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L"2ht "s %"rete% &' the pr"sm thro42h thepat"e#t:s p4p"l a#% "ll4m"#ates the o4lar/4#%4s5 The "ll4m"#ate% area o/ the ret"#a&eomes the o&;et /or the orret"#2 le#sto "ma2e5 The o&ser$er selets a le#s poerto /o4s the area o/ "#terest5 The "ma2e "s4pr"2ht a#% $"rt4al


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•

On/Off Rheostat


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=e 4se OD o# Pat"e#t:s OD a#% OS o# Pat"e#t:s OS Corret"o#s #ot 4se% 4#less $er' h"2h re/rat"$e

errors or Ast"2mat"sm prese#t I#"t"all' set poer at >* to >? D"opters5

9"#% re% re@e6 o/ /4#%4s Mo$e "#8o4t to /o4s o# or#ea a#% le#s str4t4res

Loo /or opa"t"es "# me%"a0 sars! %ots!ataratsParalla6 mo$eme#t 11 retro "ll4m"#at"o#

Re%4e pl4s to mo$e "#to $"treo4s Loo /oropa"t"es "# me%"a0 @oaters Cha#2e pos"t"o#s a#%/o4s as poer "s re%4e% slol'

PROCED.RE


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Re%4e pl4s to /o4s o# /4#%4s

11 #4les sho4l% to4h hee o/ Pat"e#t:s tosta&"l"e

11 Loo /or arter"es or $e"#s

11 B"/4rat"o#s po"#t %"ret"o# to %"s 11 E6pet OHN to &e see# he# e are a&o4t -

%e2rees temporal

59rom OHN /ollo o4rse o/ arter"es a#% $e"#s

11 9ollo eah &"/4rat"o# 11 Loo &etee# $essels

111 Cha#2e Pat"e#t:s 2ae to $"e %"ere#t 4a%ra#ts


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No stereops"s "s poss"&le s"#e o#e a# o#l'o&ta"# a mo#o4lar $"e5

Seo#%l'! o#l' the poster"or! e#tral /4#%4s

a# &e $"s4al"e%! a#% the ma;or"t' o/ theper"pheral /4#%4s a##ot &e see#5 There/ore! "/ a ret"#al tear or %etahme#t "s

s4spete%! or "/ there "s a s"2#"fa#t r"s o/

ret"#o&lastoma! or h"stoplasmos"s! otherteh#"4es m4st &e 4se%

LIMITATION


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I# $"e"#2 the /4#%4s! o#l' small areas a# &e see#at a#' o#e t"me5 Compl"ate% &' o4lar mo$eme#t%4r"#2 e6am"#at"o#11 o4r pat"e#ts a# &e restra"#e%ph's"all'! &4t #ot the"r e'e&all mo$eme#ts5

To $"e the e'e! m4st &r"#2 "#str4me#t a#% 'o4r/ae $er' lose (? 1 3 m) to pat"e#tGs e'e5 I#temperame#tal a#"mals! th"s ma' pose pro&lems5

It "s har%er to $"s4al"e the /4#%4s thro42h lo4%'o4lar me%"a5

It "s more %"4lt to e6am"#e the per"pheral /4#%4s5 Stereops"s "s a&se#t5

DISAD/ANTAGES

direct opthalmoscopy to do fundus test

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