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Date:2007 February

DIN V 18599-10

Energy efficiency of buildings — Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 10: Boundary conditions of use, climatic data

Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden — Berechnung des Nutz-, End- und Primärenergiebedarfs für Heizung, Kühlung, Lüftung, Trinkwarmwasser und Beleuchtung — Teil 10: Nutzungsrandbedingungen, Klimadaten

Supersedes DIN V 18599-10:2005-07

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Contents Page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 6 1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................. 6 2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................... 8 3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units..................................................................................... 8 3.1 Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................................... 8 3.2 Symbols, units and subscripts........................................................................................................ 8 4 Relationship between the various parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards .............. 10 4.1 Input parameters from other parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards ....................... 10 4.2 Output parameters for other parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards ....................... 10 5 Boundary conditions of use, residential buildings..................................................................... 12 6 Boundary conditions of use, non-residential buildings ............................................................. 14 7 Climatic data.................................................................................................................................... 23 7.1 Reference climate – monthly values............................................................................................. 23 7.2 Reference climate – design rating values .................................................................................... 24 Annex A (informative) Detailed usage profiles for non-residential buildings........................................ 25 A.1 General............................................................................................................................................. 25 Annex B (informative) Determination of daytime and night-time hours................................................. 63 B.1 General............................................................................................................................................. 63 B.2 Calculating daytime and night-time hours................................................................................... 63 Annex C (informative) Form for documentation of a usage profile for non-residential buildings....... 65 C.1 General............................................................................................................................................. 65 C.2 Form for documentation of boundary conditions of use according to DIN V 18599-10.......... 65 Bibliography................................................................................................................................................. 67

Figures

Figure 1 — Overview of the parts of DIN V 18599 .............................................................................................. 6

Figure 2 — Contents and scope of DIN V 18599-10 (schematic diagram) ......................................................... 7

Tables

Table 1 — Symbols.............................................................................................................................................. 9 Table 2 — Subscripts........................................................................................................................................... 9 Table 3 — Guideline boundary conditions of use for calculating the energy need of residential buildings ...... 13 Table 4 —Guideline values for the boundary conditions of use of non-residential buildings ............................ 18 Table 5 — Guideline values of common boundary conditions applying to all types of usage according to

Table 4........................................................................................................................................................ 20 Table 6 — Guideline values for the energy need for domestic hot water supply of non-residential buildings .. 21 Table 7 — Solar irradiance and outdoor temperatures of the reference climate of Germany........................... 23

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Table 8 — Solar irradiance and outdoor temperature values of the reference climate of Germany to be used for calculating the maximum required heating power and cooling capacity................................................24

Table A.1 — Personal office (single occupant) ..................................................................................................25 Table A.2 — Workgroup office ...........................................................................................................................26 Table A.3 — Landscaped office .........................................................................................................................27 Table A.4 — Meeting, conference or seminar room ..........................................................................................28 Table A.5 — Booking hall ...................................................................................................................................29 Table A.6 — Retail shop/department store ........................................................................................................30 Table A.7 — Retail shop/department store (food department with refrigerated products) ................................32 Table A.8 — Classroom (schools and nursery schools) ....................................................................................34 Table A.9 — Lecture room, auditorium ..............................................................................................................36 Table A.10 — Bedrooms ....................................................................................................................................37 Table A.11 — Hotel room...................................................................................................................................38 Table A.12 — Canteen .......................................................................................................................................40 Table A.13 — Restaurant ...................................................................................................................................41 Table A.14 — Kitchen in non-residential building...............................................................................................42 Table A.15 — Kitchen – preparation room or storeroom ...................................................................................43 Table A.16 — Toilets and sanitary facilities in non-residential buildings ...........................................................44 Table A.17 — Other habitable rooms.................................................................................................................45 Table A.18 — Auxiliary spaces (without habitable rooms).................................................................................46 Table A.19 — Circulation and traffic areas.........................................................................................................47 Table A.20 — Storeroom....................................................................................................................................48 Table A.21 — Server room, computer centre.....................................................................................................49 Table A.22 — Workshop ....................................................................................................................................51 Table A.23 — Spectator and audience areas ....................................................................................................52 Table A.24 — Theatre foyer ...............................................................................................................................53 Table A.25 — Stage ...........................................................................................................................................54 Table A.26 — Fair/congress building .................................................................................................................55 Table A.27 — Showrooms and museums..........................................................................................................56 Table A.28 — Library – reading rooms ..............................................................................................................57 Table A.29 — Library – open stacks area ..........................................................................................................58 Table A.30 — Library – magazine and stores ....................................................................................................59 Table A.31 — Sports hall....................................................................................................................................60 Table A.32 — Garage buildings (for offices and private use) ............................................................................61 Table A.33 — Garage buildings (public use)......................................................................................................62

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Foreword

This prestandard has been prepared by DIN Joint Committee NA 005-56-20 GA Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden of the Normenausschuss Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee), which also lead-managed the work, and Normenausschuss Heiz- und Raumlufttechnik (Heating and Ventilation Standards Committee) with the co-operation of the Normenausschuss Lichttechnik (Lighting Technology Standards Committee).

A prestandard is a standard which cannot be given full status, either because certain reservations still exist as to its content, or because the manner of its preparation deviates in some way from the normal procedure.

No draft of the present prestandard has been published.

Comments on experience with this prestandard should be sent:

⎯ preferably by e-mail containing a table of the data, to [email protected]. A template for this table is provided on the Internet under the URL http://www.din.de/stellungnahme;

⎯ or as hard-copy to Normenausschuss Bauwesen (NABau) im DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V., 10772 Berlin, Germany (office address: Burggrafenstraße 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany).

The DIN V 18599 series of prestandards Energy efficiency of buildings — Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting consists of the following parts:

⎯ Part 1: General balancing procedures, terms and definitions, zoning and evaluation of energy carriers

⎯ Part 2: Energy needs for heating and cooling of building zones

⎯ Part 3: Energy needs for air conditioning

⎯ Part 4: Energy need and delivered energy for lighting

⎯ Part 5: Delivered energy for heating systems

⎯ Part 6: Delivered energy for ventilation systems and air heating systems for residential buildings

⎯ Part 7: Delivered energy for air-handling and air-conditioning systems for non-residential buildings

⎯ Part 8: Energy need and delivered energy for domestic hot water systems

⎯ Part 9: Delivered and primary energy for combined heat and power plants

⎯ Part 10: Boundary conditions of use, climatic data

The DIN V 18599 series of prestandards provides a methodology for assessing the overall energy efficiency of buildings. The calculations enable all energy quantities required for the purpose of heating, domestic hot water heating, ventilation, air conditioning and lighting of buildings to be assessed.

In the described procedures, the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards also takes into account the interactive effects of energy flows and points out the related consequences for planning work. In addition to the calculation procedures, the use- and operation-related boundary conditions for an unbiased assessment (i.e.

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independent of the behaviour of individual users and of the local climatic data) to determine the energy need are given.

The DIN V 18599 series of prestandards is suitable for determining the long-term energy needs of buildings or parts of buildings as well as for assessing the possible use of renewable sources of energy in buildings. The procedure is designed both for buildings yet to be constructed and for existing buildings, and for retrofit measures for existing buildings.

Amendments

This prestandard differs from DIN V 18599-10:2005-07 in that it has been revised in form and content.

Previous editions

DIN V 18599-10: 2005-07

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Introduction

When an energy balance is calculated in accordance with the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards, an integrative approach is taken, i.e. the building, the use of the building, and the building’s technical installations and equipment are assessed together, taking the interaction of these factors into consideration. In order to provide a clearer structure, the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards is divided into several parts, each having a particular focus. Figure 1 provides an overview of the topics dealt with in the individual parts of the series.

Figure 1 — Overview of the parts of DIN V 18599

1 Scope

The DIN V 18599 series of prestandards provides a methodology for calculating the overall energy balance of buildings. The described algorithm is applicable to the calculation of energy balances for:

⎯ residential buildings and non-residential buildings;

⎯ planned or new building construction and existing buildings.

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The procedure for calculating the balances is suitable for:

⎯ balancing the energy use of buildings with partially pre-determined boundary conditions;

⎯ balancing the energy use of buildings with freely-selectable boundary conditions from the general engineering aspect, e.g. with the objective of achieving a good comparison between calculated and measured energy ratings.

The balance calculations take into account the energy use for:

⎯ heating,

⎯ ventilation,

⎯ air conditioning (including cooling and humidification),

⎯ heating the domestic hot water supply, and

⎯ lighting

of buildings, including the additional electrical power input (auxiliary energy) which is directly related to the energy supply.

This document specifies the boundary conditions for residential and non-residential buildings and provides reference climatic data for Germany. Figure 2 shows the scope of the present document as a diagram. For the reader’s orientation, all other parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards contain an illustration similar to Figure 2 as shown here, and in which the respective energy components dealt with are shown in colour.

Figure 2 — Contents and scope of DIN V 18599-10 (schematic diagram)

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2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

DIN V 18599-1, Energy efficiency of buildings — Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 1: General balancing procedures, terms and definitions, zoning and evaluation of energy carriers

DIN V 18599-2, Energy efficiency of buildings — Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 2: Energy needs for heating and cooling of building zones

DIN V 18599-3, Energy efficiency of buildings — Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 3: Energy needs for air conditioning

DIN V 18599-4, Energy efficiency of buildings — Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 4: Energy need and delivered energy need for lighting

DIN V 18599-5, Energy efficiency of buildings — Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 5: Delivered energy for heating systems

DIN V 18599-6, Energy efficiency of buildings — Calculation of the energy needs, delivered and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 6: Delivered energy for ventilation systems and air heating systems for residential buildings

DIN V 18599-7, Energy efficiency of buildings — Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 7: Delivered energy for air-handling and air-conditioning systems for non-residential buildings

DIN V 18599-8, Energy efficiency of buildings — Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 8: Energy need and delivered energy for domestic hot water systems

DIN V 18599-9, Energy efficiency of buildings — Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 9: Delivered and primary energy for combined heat and power plants

3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units

3.1 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in DIN V 18599-1 to DIN V 18599-9 as well as the following apply.

3.2 Symbols, units and subscripts

Table 1 contains an overview of the symbols used in this document. Table 2 lists the subscripts which are used.

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Table 1 — Symbols

Meaning Symbol

German English Common unit

A Fläche area m2 C Faktor factor – d Zeit time d, d/a Δ Differenz difference – E Beleuchtungsstärke illuminance lx F Faktor factor – h Höhe height m I Strahlungsintensität solar irradiance W/m2

ϑ Celsiustemperatur Celsius temperature °C k Faktor factor – n Anzahl number – Q Energie energy kWh/a q spezifische Energie specific energy Wh/(m2d) t Zeit, Zeitperiode time, time period h, h/a V& Volumenstrom air volume flow rate m3/h

Table 2 — Subscripts

Meaning Subscript

German English a Anteil ratio/proportion A Außen, Minderungsanteil outside, reduction factor A Relative Abwesenheit relative absence b Bedarf demand, need, use c Kühlung, Raumkühlsystem cooling (system) e äußere external, exterior, outdoor fac Arbeitsmittel (facility) appliances, equipment and machinery h Heizung, Raumheizsystem heating system h,op Heizbetrieb operation of heating system, heating mode i innen indoor, interior, internal I innere internal m Mittel average, mean M Monat month max maximal maximum min minimal minimum NA Nachtabschaltung cut-off mode heating system Nacht Nachtbetrieb operation at night-time Ne Nutzebene work plane, (height) level where service is used nutz Nutzung use

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Table 2 (continued)

Meaning Subscript

German English op Betrieb operation p Personen(bezogen) occupancy-specific/person-related rv,mech mechanische Wohnungslüftung mechanical ventilation in residential buildings S Solar solar soll Sollwert set-point value Sp Spitzenzapfung peak tapping t Betriebszeit Beleuchtung operating time of lighting system Tag Tagbetrieb daytime operation TB Teilbeheizung partial heating V Lüftung ventilation V,mech mechanische Lüftung mechanical ventilation w Trinkwarmwasser domestic hot water WO Wohnen living (area)

4 Relationship between the various parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards

The following two subclauses:

⎯ summarize the input parameters to be used in this document,

⎯ provide an overview of how the part balances calculated using the method explained here are applied in other parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards.

For the sake of clarity, neither the parameters nor the reasons why the data are needed in other calculations are explained here.

4.1 Input parameters from other parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards

This document does not require any input parameters from other parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards.

4.2 Output parameters for other parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards

The energy characteristics listed in this document are required for the calculations described in other parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards as listed below:

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Meaning Symbol Used in

⎯ Beginning of usage, end of usage — see DIN V 18599-2

⎯ Daily usage hours tnutz,d see DIN V 18599-8

⎯ Number of usage days dnutz,a see DIN V 18599-2DIN V 18599-5DIN V 18599-8

⎯ Daytime usage hours per annum tTag see DIN V 18599-4

⎯ Night-time usage hours per annum tNacht see DIN V 18599-4

⎯ Daily operating time of HVAC or mechanical ventilation system

tV,mech see DIN V 18599-2DIN V 18599-6

⎯ Daily operating time of cooling system tc,op,d see DIN V 18599-7 DIN V 18599-2

⎯ Daily operating time of HVAC heating coils th*,op see DIN V 18599-5

⎯ Number of days in the month dmth see DIN V 18599-2DIN V 18599-4 DIN V 18599-5DIN V 18599-7DIN V 18599-8

⎯ Daily operating time of heating operation th,op,d see DIN V 18599-2

DIN V 18599-5

⎯ Monthly operating time of HVAC system tRLT-Betrieb see DIN V 18599-7

⎯ Maintained illuminance mE see DIN V 18599-4

⎯ Height of the work plane hNe see DIN V 18599-4

⎯ Reduction factor kA see DIN V 18599-4

⎯ Relative absence CA see DIN V 18599-4

⎯ Space index k see DIN V 18599-4

⎯ Reduction factor for lighting related to the operating time of the building

Ft see DIN V 18599-4

⎯ Dirt depreciation factor k2 see DIN V 18599-4

⎯ Humidity requirement — see DIN V 18599-3

⎯ Minimum outdoor air volume flow rate V&A see DIN V 18599-2

⎯ Mean ventilation-system driven air change rate nmech see DIN V 18599-6

⎯ Usage dependent minimum air change rate with outdoor air nnutz see DIN V 18599-2

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Meaning Symbol Used in

⎯ Heat dissipated by persons (metabolic heat) qI,p see DIN V 18599-2

⎯ Heat dissipated by appliances, machinery and equipment qI,fac see DIN V 18599-2

⎯ Heat dissipated by persons, appliances, machinery, equipment and lighting (residential use)

qI see DIN V 18599-2

⎯ Dirt depreciation factor FV see DIN V 18599-2

⎯ Energy need for domestic hot water qw,b,d see DIN V 18599-8

⎯ Number of peak tappings per day nSp see DIN V 18599-8

⎯ Internal set-point temperature for heating ϑi,h,soll see DIN V 18599-2DIN V 18599-5DIN V 18599-8

⎯ Internal set-point temperature for cooling ϑi,c,soll see DIN V 18599-2

⎯ Minimum indoor temperature of heating operation for design calculations

ϑi,h,min see DIN V 18599-2

⎯ Maximum permitted indoor temperature of cooling operation for design calculations

ϑi,c,max see DIN V 18599-2

⎯ Indoor temperature reduction for reduced operation Δϑi,NA see DIN V 18599-2

⎯ Ratio of indirectly heated areas to the total area atb see DIN V 18599-2

⎯ Daily mean outdoor temperature on a design reference day for cooling

ϑe,max see DIN V 18599-2

⎯ Maximum hourly solar irradiance on a design reference day IS,max see DIN V 18599-2DIN V 18599-5

⎯ Daily mean outdoor temperature on a design reference day for heating

ϑe,min see DIN V 18599-2DIN V 18599-5

⎯ Mean monthly outdoor temperature ϑe see DIN V 18599-2DIN V 18599-6 DIN V 18599-5DIN V 18599-8

⎯ Mean solar irradiance for the respective month IS see DIN V 18599-2

5 Boundary conditions of use, residential buildings

Table 3 shows guideline values which can be used as boundary conditions for energy-related assessments of residential buildings. DIN V 18599-2, DIN V 18599-5, DIN V 18599-6 and DIN V 18599-8 contain information on deviating boundary conditions and operating modes. The boundary conditions given in Table 3 also apply to spaces used for residential purposes (single or multiple-family houses, as appropriate) in non-residential buildings.

Whenever data or other results obtained using the calculations defined in the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards are given, the boundary conditions on which the calculations were based shall also be stated.

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Table 3 — Guideline boundary conditions of use for calculating the energy need of residential buildings

Parameter Boundary conditions Internal set-point temperature ϑi,h,soll = 20 °C

Ratio of indirectly heated areas to the total area

Single-family house (EFH): aTB = 0,25; Multiple-family house (MFH): aTB = 0,15

Minimum heating temperature, design rating ϑi,h,min = 20 °C

Internal heat sources EFH: qI = 50 Wh/(m2d); MFH: qI = 100 Wh/(m2d) a

Usage times from … to Usage time (time of day) 0:00 … 24:00 Daily ventilation system operating time (time of day) 0:00 … 24:00 Daily heating system operating time b (time of day) 6:00 … 23:00 Daily ventilation system operating time trv,op,d in h/d 24 Daily heating system operating time th,op,d in h/d 17 Ventilation system operation: heating season mode Heating time Annual usage days dNutz, a

c in d/a 365

Energy need for domestic hot water heating Single-family house: qw,b = 12 kWh/(m2a); Multiple-family house: qw,b = 16 kWh/(m2a) a,d

Minimum usage dependent air change rate with outdoor air

Not-demand-dependent volume flow rate control: nnutz = 0,5 h–1

Demand-dependent volume flow rate control e: nnutz = 0,45 h–1

Mean ventilation-system driven air change rate

Not-demand-dependent volume flow rate control: nmech = 0,4 h–1

Demand-dependent volume flow rate control e: nmech = 0,35 h–1

Dirt depreciation factor Fv = 1 a Values relate to the heated living space. This is determined in accordance with § 44, paragraph 1 of the II. BV (Zweite

Berechnungsverordnung: – Second German regulation on cost calculations). For simplified calculations, the net floor area (NGF – German: Nettogrundfläche) may be assumed to be 1,1 times the heated living space.

b When calculating the reduced heating need as described in DIN V 18599-2, the “cut-off” mode shall be assumed for single-family houses (EFH – German: Einfamilienhaus) and “set-back” mode for multiple-family houses (MFH – German: Mehrfamilienhaus).

c The lengths of the months (i.e. number of days per month) given in Table 7 shall be used as the number of usage days for domestic hot water: dw,mth = dmth.

d The monthly energy need for domestic hot water heating, Qw,b, is calculated as follows: Qw,b=qw,b / 365 × dw,mth × Awo, in kWh/mth.

e Only in conjunction with a mechanical supply and/or exhaust ventilation system or exhaust ventilation system with a suitable user-independent reference variable such as humidity or CO2, but with uninterrupted operation.

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6 Boundary conditions of use, non-residential buildings

The following clauses of this document describe the boundary conditions of use which can be used for guidance when making energy-related assessments of non-residential buildings where no detailed information is available. Guideline values shall be used if no values are available that have been determined by established means (e.g. specialist planning, measurement, or using operation data).

Table 4 specifies boundary conditions for various types of usage. The following values shall be used for the boundary condition “minimum outdoor supply-air volume flow rate” (see Table 4, Column 19):

⎯ When using natural ventilation (e.g. windows), the values from Table 4, Column 19 shall be used.

⎯ When using mechanical ventilation, the minimum outdoor supply-air volume flow rate shall be calculated as specified in DIN V 18599-7, Annex H and taken into account in the assessment of energy performance. The minimum outdoor supply-air volume flow rate from Table 4, Column 19 is only to be used if the value calculated in accordance with DIN V 18599-7, Annex H is less than the value in Table 4, Column 19.

Table 5 contains those boundary conditions which can be assumed to apply for all types of usage. The energy need for domestic hot water is given in Table 6; either the usage dependent value (e.g. per person, employee, bed etc.) or the area-specific value (i.e. per unit area) can be used. Note that if the area-specific values are used, the area occupied by the main type of usage as listed in Table 4 shall be used as the reference area.

Where a certain type of usage does not utilize conditioning provided by a particular building service, the boundary conditions for that service are not to be taken into consideration. Examples of such cases are unheated basement storage spaces (without an internal set-point temperature or heat sources, etc.), exhibition halls without a hot water supply or schools without cooling systems.

If a building is used for both residential and non-residential purposes (e.g. a caretaker flat in a school), the values given in Table 3 may be taken by as the boundary conditions for residential use (single-family or multiple-family house, as appropriate).

Annex A provides detailed data on the boundary conditions of use for the types of usage listed in Table 4. These include the range of typical values of a number of parameters and can be used for the calculation of the energy use of existing buildings. The corresponding data given in Table 4 are the mean values of the range stated.

If any types of usage which are not described in this document have to be considered when assessing the energy performance of a building (e.g. swimming baths, churches, etc. for which no guideline values can be given owing to their wide variety of design), separate conditions can be defined for these (on the basis of the profiles described in Annex A or in one of the listed bibliographical references, for instance). The same applies in cases where the boundary conditions for the building being assessed deviate from those given for the types of usage listed in Tables 4 to 6. These separately specified conditions can be documented using the form in Annex C.

Whenever data or other results obtained using the calculations specified in the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards are given, the boundary conditions on which the calculations were based shall also be stated.

The following gives explanatory information on the boundary conditions of use:

a) Usage times and operating times

⎯ Beginning of usage, end of usage: The times at which usage commences and ends, usually the beginning and end of the period during which persons are present in the facility and/or during which the facility is in operation.

⎯ Daily usage hours: Number of hours per day for which the facility or service is used. The time span between the beginning and end of usage.

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⎯ Annual usage days: A distinction is made according to the number of usage days per week: five, six and seven days (corresponding to 250, 300, 365 d/a respectively). Taking school holidays into consideration, the value for schools is 200 d/a; for auditoria and lecture rooms it is 150 d/a.

⎯ Daytime usage hours per annum: The number of usage hours during which daylight is available within the usage time in a year. This corresponds to the usage time between sunrise and sunset.

⎯ Night-time usage hours per annum: The number of usage hours during which no daylight is available within the usage time in a year. This corresponds to the usage time between sunset and sunrise.

⎯ Daily operating hours of HVAC and cooling system: The length of time during which the HVAC and cooling system is operated in one day. If the system is not operated around the clock, it is assumed that it will be started up two hours before the start of usage time.

⎯ Annual operating days of HVAC, cooling and heating systems (each to be given separately): Number of days in a year on which the HVAC, cooling and heating systems are each operated according to the daily usage profile.

⎯ Daily heating system operating hours: The length of time over which the system is operated each day. This describes the period during which the set-point value for the respective type of usage is maintained. It is assumed that night-time and/or weekend set-back operation is used outside of the operating times. The standard operating time values stated are defined on the assumption that a two-hour boost period precedes the usage time.

b) Lighting

⎯ Maintained illuminance: The maintained illuminance required in the visual task area is given in lux.

⎯ Height of the work plane: Vertical distance from the floor to the plane where the required maintained illuminance is to be achieved.

⎯ Reduction factor for the visual task area: Factor defining by how much the maintained illuminance is allowed to be reduced. It is calculated on the basis of the assumed ratio of the visual task area to the immediate surroundings and on the ratio of the maintained illuminance specified for the visual task area to the maintained illuminance specified for the immediate surroundings. The reduction factors for the visual task area for personal and workgroup offices in Table 4 relate to lighting used mainly to illuminate the room, enabling flexible use of the room or catering for cases where it is not known for certain how the room is going to be used. If precise details of the arrangement of work areas are available, use of the procedure described in DIN V 18599-4 or specialist planning can greatly reduce the value of kA (e.g. to less than 0,7 for personal offices).

⎯ Relative absence: Parameter describing the proportion of usage time in which no persons are present in the area being assessed (CA,m = 0: uninterrupted presence, CA,m = 1: no presence). The relative absence accounts for part-time operation during a usage day (e.g. absences due to meetings, breaks etc.).

⎯ Space index: Dimensionless geometric parameter used to determine the utilance (utilization factor) of a space.

⎯ Partial-operation factor for lighting related to the building operating time: Factor defining the degree to which the usage time for the respective usage profile may be reduced when calculating the energy need for lighting. The partial-operation factor allows for the effect of part-time operation during the calculation period (e.g. holidays, illness, leave etc.).

c) Indoor environment

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⎯ Humidity requirement: Specification whether the HVAC system is operated with a humidity control tolerance or with strictly defined humidity control, i.e. without any tolerance.

⎯ Minimum outdoor air-supply volume flow rate: Air volume flow rate per unit area which is usually to be maintained for hygienic reasons. Tables A.1 to A.33 contain further data concerning person-related and area-specific volume flow rates and air change rates. The data on the mechanical outdoor air-supply volume flow rate or air change rate (in practice) take account of the air volume flow rates and air change rates that occur in practice in existing buildings. For some usage profiles, a distinction continues to be made between ventilation systems used primarily for ventilation and those used for cooling (see also DIN V 18599-2, Annex E).

d) Heat sources

⎯ Persons: The values stated for metabolic heat depend on the assumed activity level and specific occupancy density values (persons per unit area). They are based on full utilization hours and a normal sensible heat dissipation of (generally) 70 W per person. In classrooms, the value is assumed to be 60 W per person, in kitchens and workshops 80 W per person. The values are rounded to the nearest integer.

⎯ Equipment, machinery and appliances: The area-specific heat gain due to equipment, machinery and appliances is stated as a daily value. It is calculated from the number of full utilization hours and the specific power of the heat sources. Lighting is not included in this value, since a separate energy balance is calculated for lighting systems. Heat sources with a negative sign are heat sinks.

e) Indoor air temperature

⎯ Internal set-point temperature for heating: Set-point monthly mean temperature in the room being assessed, neglecting spatial and temporal partial or set-back heating modes.

⎯ Indoor temperature reduction for reduced-temperature operation (set-back heating mode): A reduction of 4 K is assumed for all types of usage.

⎯ Internal set-point temperature for cooling operation: Set-point for the monthly mean temperature in the room being assessed. The internal set-point temperature for cooling operation is the temperature to be maintained on mean during the normal usage time when the cooling unit is in operation. On the basis of conventional settings for cooling systems, it shall be assumed that higher room temperatures are permitted when there are high outdoor temperatures. It is for this reason that a mean value is used.

⎯ Minimum temperature for heating, design rating: A value of 20° C is assumed for all types of usage.

⎯ Maximum temperature for cooling operation, design rating: A value of 26° C is assumed for all types of usage.

⎯ Dirt depreciation factor: A value of Fv = 0,9 is assumed to apply for all types of usage. This factor takes into account the reduction in the total energy transmittance of transparent building components due to dirt.

⎯ Dirt depreciation factor: A value of k2 = 0,9 is assumed to apply for all types of usage. This factor takes into account the reduction of daylight supply due to dirt on glazing.

DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

17

f) Domestic hot water

⎯ Energy need for domestic hot water: The energy need for domestic hot water is given as usage dependent values and, in some cases, per unit area (taking into consideration the specific occupancy density). The reference area for non-residential buildings is the net floor area (NGF – German: Nettogrundfläche) for the main type of usage.

⎯ Number of peak tappings per day: This value represents the time distribution of hot water consumption (nSp = 1: tapping is evenly distributed throughout the day; nSp = 2: tapping at certain times of day).

DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

18

Table 4 —Guideline values for the boundary conditions of use of non-residential buildings

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Usage and operating times

Begi

nnin

g of

usa

ge

End

of u

sage

Dai

ly u

sage

tim

e

Annu

al u

sage

day

s

Day

time

usag

e ho

urs

per

annu

m

Nig

ht-ti

me

usag

e ho

urs

pe

r ann

um

Dai

ly o

pera

ting

hour

s of

H

VA

C a

nd c

oolin

g sy

stem

g

Ann

ual o

pera

ting

days

of

HVA

C, c

oolin

g an

d he

atin

g sy

stem

sc

Dai

ly h

eatin

g sy

stem

op

erat

ing

hour

s

– – tnutz,d dnutz,a tTag tNacht tv,op,d dop,a th,op,d

Serial no. Type of usage

Time Time h/d d/a h/a h/a h/d d/a h/d 1 Personal office (single occupant) 07:00 18:00 11 250 2543 207 13 250 13 2 Workgroup office (two to six workplaces) 07:00 18:00 11 250 2543 207 13 250 13

3 Landscaped office (seven or more workplaces) 07:00 18:00 11 250 2543 207 13 250 13

4 Meeting, conference and seminar room 07:00 18:00 11 250 2543 207 13 250 13 5 Booking hall 07:00 18:00 11 250 2543 207 13 250 13 6 Retail shop/department store 08:00 20:00 12 300 2999 601 14 300 14

7 Retail shop/department store (food department with refrigerated products)h 08:00 20:00 12 300 2999 601 14 300 14

8 Classroom (school and nursery school) 08:00 15:00 7 200 1398 2 9 200 9 9 Lecture room, auditorium 08:00 18:00 10 150 1409 91 12 150 12

10 Hospital ward or dormitory 00:00 24:00 24 365 4407 4353 24 365 24 11 Hotel bedroom 21:00 08:00 11 365 755 3260 24 365 24 12 Canteen 08:00 15:00 7 250 1748 2 9 250 9 13 Restaurant 10:00 00:00 14 300 2404 1796 16 300 16 14 Kitchens in non-residential buildings a 10:00 23:00 13 300 2404 1496 15 300 15 15 Kitchen – preparation room or storeroom a 10:00 23:00 13 300 2404 1496 15 300 15

16 Toilets and sanitary facilities in non-residential buildingsa 07:00 18:00 11 250 2543 207 13 250 13

17 Other habitable rooms a 07:00 18:00 11 250 2543 207 13 250 13 18 Auxiliary spaces (without habitable rooms) a 07:00 18:00 11 250 2543 207 13 250 13 19 Traffic/circulation areas a, b 07:00 18:00 11 250 2543 207 13 250 13

20 Storeroom, technical equipment room, archive a, b 07:00 18:00 11 250 2543 207 13 250 13

21 Server room, computer centre 00:00 24:00 24 365 4407 4353 24 365 24 22 Workshop, assembly, manufacturing 07:00 16:00 9 250 2192 58 11 250 11

23 Spectator and audience areas (theatres and event locations) 19:00 23:00 4 250 55 946 6 250 6

24 Foyer (theatres and event locations) 19:00 23:00 4 250 55 946 6 250 6 25 Stage (theatres and event locations) 13:00 23:00 10 250 1253 1247 12 250 12 26 Fair/congress building 09:00 18:00 9 150 1260 90 11 150 11

27 Exhibition rooms and museums with conservation requirements 10:00 18:00 8 250 1850 151 24 365 24

28 Library – reading rooms 08:00 20:00 12 300 2999 601 14 300 14 29 Library – open stacks area 08:00 20:00 12 300 2999 601 14 300 14 30 Library – magazine and stores 08:00 20:00 12 300 2999 601 14 300 14 31 Sports hall (without public viewing area) 08:00 23:00 15 300 3002 1498 17 300 17 32 Garage buildings (for offices and private use) 07:00 18:00 11 250 2543 207 13 250 – 33 Garage buildings (public use) 09:00 00:00 15 365 3290 2185 17 365 –

DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

19

Table 4 (continued)

1 2 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Lighting Indoor environment Heat sources

Mai

ntai

ned

illu

min

ance

Hei

ght o

f the

wor

k

plan

e

Red

uctio

n fa

ctor

for

visu

al ta

sk a

rea

Rel

ativ

e ab

senc

e

Spa

ce/ro

om in

dex

Red

uctio

n fa

ctor

for

light

ing

rela

ted

to

the

build

ing

oper

atin

g tim

e H

umid

ity

requ

irem

ents

ed

M

inim

um o

utdo

or

supp

ly-a

ir vo

lum

e flo

w ra

te e

Per

sons

f

Equ

ipm

ent,

mac

hine

ry,

appl

ianc

es f,

i

mE hNe kA CA k Ft – AV& qI,p qI,fac

Serial no. Type of usage

lx m m3/

(h m2) Wh/

(m2·d) Wh/

(m2·d)1 Personal office (single occupant) 500 0,8 0,84 0,3 0,9 0,7 w. t. 4 30 42 2 Workgroup office (two to six workplaces) 500 0,8 0,84 0,3 1,25 0,7 w. t. 4 30 42 3 Landscaped office (seven or more

workplaces) 500 0,8 0,93 0 2,5 1 w. t. 6 42 60

4 Meeting, conference and seminar room 500 0,8 0,93 0,5 1,25 1 w. t. 15 96 8 5 Booking hall 200 0,8 0,87 0 1,5 1 w. t. 2 36 24 6 Retail shop/department store 300 0,8 0,93 0 2,5 1 w. t. 4 84 24 7 Retail shop/department store (food

department with refrigerated products) h 300 0,8 0,93 0 2,5 1 w. t. 4 84 85

8 Classroom (school and nursery school) 300 0,8 0,97 0,25 2 0,9 w. t. 10 100 20 9 Lecture room, auditorium 500 0,8 0,92 0,25 2,5 0,7 w. t. 30 420 24 10 Hospital ward or dormitory 300 0,8 1 0 1,5 0,5 w. t. 4 108 24 11 Hotel bedroom 200 0,8 1 0,25 1,25 0,3 w. t. 3 70 44 12 Canteen 200 0,8 0,97 0 2,5 1 w. t. 18 177 10 13 Restaurant 200 0,8 1,00 0 2,5 1 w. t. 18 236 14 14 Kitchens in non-residential buildings a 500 0,8 0,96 0 1,5 1 w. t. 90 56 1800 15 Kitchen – preparation room or

storerooma 300 0,8 1 0,5 1,5 1 w. t. 15 56 180

16 Toilets and sanitary facilities in non-residential buildings a

200 0,8 1 0,9 0,8 1 – 15 0 0

17 Other habitable rooms a 300 0,8 0,93 0,5 1,25 1 w. t. 7 92 8 18 Auxiliary spaces (without habitable

rooms) a 100 0,8 1 0,9 1,5 1 – 0,15 0 0

19 Traffic/circulation areas a, b 100 0 1 0,8 0,8 1 – 0 0 0 20 Storeroom, technical equipment room,

archive a, b 100 0,8 1 0,98 1,5 1 – 0,15 0 0

21 Server room, computer centre 500 0,8 0,96 0,5 1,5 0,5 – 1,3 15 1800 22 Workshop, assembly, manufactory 500 0,8 0,88 0 2 1 – 20 28 245 23 Spectator and audience areas (theatres

and event locations) 200 0,8 0,97 0 4 1 w. t. 40 186 0

24 Foyer (theatres and event locations) 300 0,8 1 0,5 4 1 w. t. 25 88 0 25 Stage (theatres and event locations) 1000 0,8 0,90 0 2,5 0,6 w. t. 0,3 0 0 26 Fair/congress building 300 0,8 0,93 0,5 5 1 w. t. 7 138 12 27 Exhibition rooms and museums with

conservation requirements 200 0,8 0,88 0 2 1 n. t. 2 28 0

28 Library/reading rooms 500 0,8 0,88 0 1,5 1 w. t. 8 168 0 29 Library/open stacks area 200 0,8 1 0 1,5 1 w. t. 2 42 0 30 Library – magazine and stores 100 0,8 1 0,9 1,5 1 w. t. 3 0 0 31 Sports hall (without public viewing area) 300 1 1 0,3 2 1 – 3 60 0 32 Garage buildings (for offices and private

use) 75 0 1 0,95 2 1 – 8 0 0

33 Garage buildings (public use) 75 0 1 0,8 4 1 – 16 0 0

DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

20

Table 4 (continued)

a It is permitted to take the usage and operating times (see columns 3 to 11) given as guideline values for the usage profile of a superordinate usage if they constitute reasonable assumptions on the basis of the building’s utilization concept.

b In order to facilitate definition of the zones, this type of usage may also be assigned to the zones for “auxiliary spaces without habitable rooms”.

c The monthly operating hours of HVAC operation tRLT-Betrieb shall be determined by weighting the respective days per month as listed at the bottom of Table 7 with the annual operating days as follows: tRLT-Betrieb = dmth/365 × dop,a × tv,op,d in h/mth.

d Humidity requirement: with tolerance range (w. t.); no tolerance range (n. t.); no specific requirements (–).

e No minimum outdoor supply-air volume flow rate need be taken into consideration for the times with set-back operation during weekends and holidays.

f No heat sources due to persons, equipment, machinery and appliances need be taken into consideration for the times with set-back (reduced temperature) operation during weekends and holidays.

g tv,op,d = tv,mech= tc,op,d = th*,op

h When stating the value of heat sources due to equipment, machinery and appliances ql,fac, it is assumed that the cooling equipment is a heat source (i.e. the condenser of the cooling equipment is located within the retail unit). If the condenser is located outside the building, a value of -170 Wh/(m2d) shall be used for ql,fac.

i The values of heat sources due to equipment, machinery and appliances ql,fac do not include heat sources from decorative lighting.

Table 5 — Guideline values of common boundary conditions applying to all types of usage according to Table 4

Internal set-point temperature for heating operation, ϑi,h,soll 21 °C a

Temperature reduction for set-back operation, Δϑi,NA 4 K

Internal set-point temperature for cooling operation, ϑi,c,soll 24 °C

Minimum temperature, heating, design rating, ϑi,h,min 20 °C

Maximum temperature, cooling, design rating, ϑi,c,max 26 °C

Dirt depreciation factor, FV 0,9

Dirt depreciation factor, k2 0,9

a If the internal set-point temperature for heating for a particular type of usage (e.g. workshop or storeroom) is below 19° C (usage at low indoor temperatures), a value of 17° C shall be assumed for both ϑi,h,soll and ϑi,h,min.

The respective boundary conditions shall only be applied if the environment in the room is conditioned by the building service to which these boundary conditions apply.

DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

21

Table 6 — Guideline values for the energy needfor domestic hot water supply of non-residential buildings

Energy need for domestic hot water supply qw,b,d a,b

Type of usage Usage dependent Area-specific Reference

area c

Number of peak

tappings per day

nSP

Office buildings 0,4 kWh per person and day 30 Wh/(m2·d) office floor area 1

Hospital ward or patient’s room 8 kWh per bed and day 530 Wh/(m2·d) wards and

rooms 1

School without showers 0,5 kWh per person and day 170 Wh/(m2·d) classrooms 1 School with showers 1,5 kWh per person and day 500 Wh/(m2·d) classrooms 2 Retail shop/department store

1 kWh per employee and day 10 Wh/(m2·d) sales areas 1

Workshop, industrial facility (for washing and showering)

1,5 kWh per employee and day 75 Wh/(m2·d)

area of workshop/ works

2

Modest hotel 1,5 kWh per bed and day 190 Wh/(m2·d) hotel bedrooms 2

Medium-class hotel 4,5 kWh per bed and day 450 Wh/(m2·d) hotel bedrooms 2

Luxury-class hotel 7 kWh per bed and day 580 Wh/(m2·d) hotel bedrooms 2

Restaurant, inn/pub 1,5 kWh per seat and day 1 250 Wh/(m2·d) public rooms 1 Home (for the aged, orphanage etc.) 3,5 kWh per person and day 230 Wh/(m2·d) rooms 2

Barracks 1,5 kWh per person and day 150 Wh/(m2·d) rooms 2 Sports facility with showers 1,5 kWh per person and day – – 1

Commercial catering kitchen d, canteen 0,4 kWh per meal – – 1

Bakery d 5 kWh per employee and day – – 1

Hairdresser/barber d 8 kWh per employee and day – – 1

Butcher with productiond 18 kWh per employee and day – – 1

Laundry d 20 kWh per 100 kg laundry – – 1 Brewery d 15 kWh per 100 l beer – – 1 Dairy d 10 kWh per 100 l milk – – 1

DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

22

a The monthly energy need Qw,b for domestic hot water is calculated as follows: Qw,b = qw,b × dmth/365 × dnutz × reference

parameter value, in kWh per month (see footnote c in Table 4). b In cases where the daily energy need for domestic hot water is less than 0,2 kWh per person and day or less than 0,2 kWh per

employee and day (corresponds roughly to 5 l per person or employee and day and a hot water temperature of 45° C), the energy need for domestic hot water can be ignored. This is the case, for instance, in offices and schools with a few individual hot water taps (washbasins, tea-kitchens, drink dispensers and/or caretaker rooms).

c The reference area is the net floor area ANGF.

d Energy need for hot water used in production processes. If the energy need for this form of usage is included in the balance calculations described in DIN V 18599-8, this shall be specifically stated whenever the respective results are quoted, used or published.

DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

23

7 Climatic data

7.1 Reference climate – monthly values

Table 7 shows the solar irradiance and outdoor temperatures of the reference climate of Germany for the individual months and for a year.

Table 7 — Solar irradiance and outdoor temperatures of the reference climate of Germany

Mean monthly solar irradiance Is

W/m2

Annual value

kWh/m2 Orientation Incli-nation

Jan Feb March Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan to DecHorizontal 0° 33 52 82 190 211 256 255 179 135 75 39 22 1 120

30° 51 67 99 210 213 250 252 186 157 93 55 31 1 216 45° 57 71 101 205 200 231 235 178 157 97 59 34 1 187 60° 60 71 98 190 179 203 208 162 150 95 60 35 1 104

South

90° 56 61 80 137 119 130 135 112 115 81 54 33 810 30° 45 62 93 203 211 248 251 183 149 87 49 28 1 177 45° 49 64 92 198 200 232 236 175 148 88 51 30 1 142 60° 49 62 88 185 182 208 213 161 140 85 51 30 1 063

South-east

90° 44 52 70 140 132 146 153 120 109 69 44 26 809 30° 45 62 93 203 211 248 251 183 149 87 49 28 1 177 45° 49 64 92 198 200 232 236 175 148 88 51 30 1 142 60° 49 62 88 185 182 208 213 161 140 85 51 30 1 063

South-west

90° 44 52 70 140 132 146 153 120 109 69 44 26 809 30° 33 51 78 181 199 238 240 170 129 72 38 21 1 062 45° 32 49 74 172 187 221 224 160 123 69 37 20 1 002 60° 30 46 68 160 171 201 205 148 114 65 35 19 923

East

90° 25 37 53 125 131 150 156 115 90 51 28 15 713 30° 33 51 78 181 199 238 240 170 129 72 38 21 1 062 45° 32 49 74 172 187 221 224 160 123 69 37 20 1 002 60° 30 46 68 160 171 201 205 148 114 65 35 19 923

West

90° 25 37 53 125 131 150 156 115 90 51 28 15 713 30° 22 39 63 151 180 222 221 150 105 57 28 16 918 45° 20 35 56 132 158 194 194 133 91 51 26 14 808 60° 18 32 49 116 139 168 170 118 81 46 23 13 711

North-west

90° 14 25 38 89 105 124 128 90 62 35 18 10 541 30° 22 39 63 151 180 222 221 150 105 57 28 16 918 45° 20 35 56 132 158 194 194 133 91 51 26 14 808 60° 18 32 49 116 139 168 170 118 81 46 23 13 711

North-east

90° 14 25 38 89 105 124 128 90 62 35 18 10 541 30° 20 34 54 137 173 217 214 142 90 49 26 15 857 45° 19 32 47 101 143 184 180 115 66 45 24 14 710 60° 17 29 44 79 109 143 139 90 59 41 22 13 575

North

90° 14 23 34 64 81 99 100 70 48 33 18 10 433 Outdoor temperature ϑe, in °C

–1,3 0,6 4,1 9,5 12,9 15,7 18,0 18,3 14,4 9,1 4,7 1,3 8,9

DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

24

Days per month dmth, in d

31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31

7.2 Reference climate – design rating values

Table 8 shows the solar irradiance and outdoor temperature values to be used to calculate the maximum required heating and cooling power when designing technical building installations.

Table 8 — Solar irradiance and outdoor temperature values of the reference climate of Germany to be used for calculating the maximum required heating power and cooling capacity

Maximum hourly solar irradiance on a design reference day IS,max Reference climate for Germany

W/m2

Heating Cooling Orientation Inclination

a January July September

Horizontal 0° 0 861 629

South 90° 0 604 783

South-east 90° 0 688 783

South-west 90° 0 688 777

East 90° 0 729 613

West 90° 0 729 613

North-west 90° 0 512 227

North-east 90° 0 512 277

North 90° 0 163 108

Daily mean outdoor temperature on a design reference day, in °C ϑe,min (heating) ϑe,max (cooling)

–12 24,6 18,9

a The values stated for zero inclination shall be used for all inclinations between 0° and 60°; for greater inclinations, the values stated for 90° shall be assumed.

DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

25

Annex A (informative)

Detailed usage profiles for non-residential buildings

A.1 General This Annex provides detailed data on the guideline values of the boundary conditions of use for non-residential buildings listed in Table 4, giving typical ranges of a number of parameters.

Table A.1 — Personal office (single occupant) Personal office (single occupant) No. 1 Usage times from to Daily usage time time of day 7:00 18:00 Annual usage days dnutz,a d/a 250 Daytime usage hours per annum tTag h/a 2543 Night-time usage hours per annum tNacht h/a 207 Daily operating hours, HVAC and cooling system time of day 5:00 18:00 Annual operating days of HVAC, cooling and heating systems dop,a d/a 250 Daily heating system operating hours time of day 5:00 18:00

Indoor room conditions (if conditioning is planned) Internal set-point temperature, heating operation ϑi,h,soll °C 21 Internal set-point temperature, cooling operation ϑi,c,soll °C 24 Minimum temperature, heating, design rating ϑi,h,min °C 20 Maximum temperature, cooling, design rating ϑi,c,max °C 26 Temperature reduction for set-back operation Δϑi,NA K 4 Humidity requirements – with tolerance

Minimum outdoor-air supply volume flow rate AV& Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person 40 Area-specific m3/(h·m2) 4 Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate or air change rate (in practice) from to Air change rate (general) h–1 2 3 Air change rate (cooling by ventilation only) h–1 4 8

Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 500 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8 Reduction factor kA – 0,84 Relative absence CA – 0,3 Space index k – 0,9 Reduction factor to account for building operating time Ft – 0,7

Occupancy Maximum occupancy density low mean high

m2 per person 18 14 10

Internal heat sources Maximum specific power (W/m2) Full-utilization hours (h/d)

low mean high Persons (70 W per person) 6 4 5 7 Equipment, machinery, appliances a 6 3 7 15 Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d) 42 72 132 a For equipment, machinery and appliances, low/mean/high corresponds to 50/100/150 W per person

DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

26

Table A.2 — Workgroup office

Workgroup office (two to six workplaces) No. 2

Usage times from to Daily usage times time of day 7:00 18:00 Annual usage days dnutz,a d/a 250

Daytime usage hours per annum tTag h/a 2543

Night-time usage hours per annum tNacht h/a 207

Daily operating hours of HVAC and cooling system time of day 5:00 18:00

Annual operating days of HVAC, cooling and heating systems dop,a d/a 250

Daily heating system operating hours time of day 5:00 18:00 Indoor room conditions (if conditioning is planned) Internal set-point temperature, heating operation ϑi,h,soll °C 21

Internal set-point temperature, cooling operation ϑi,c,soll °C 24

Minimum temperature, heating, design rating ϑi,h,min °C 20

Maximum temperature, cooling, design rating ϑi,c,max °C 26

Temperature reduction for set-back operation Δϑi,NA K 4

Humidity requirements – with tolerance

Minimum outdoor-air supply volume flow rate AV&

Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person 40 Area-specific m3/(h·m2) 4

Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate or air change rate (in practice) from to

Air change rate (general) h–1 2 3 Air change rate (cooling by ventilation only) h–1 4 8 Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 500 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,84 Reduction factor kA – 0,92 Relative absence CA – 0,3 Space index k – 1,25 Reduction factor to account for building operating time Ft – 0,7 Occupancy Maximum occupancy density low mean high

m2 per person 18 14 10 Internal heat sources

Maximum specific power (W/m2) Full-utilization hours (h/d) low mean high

Persons (70 W per person) 6 4 5 7 Equipment, machinery, appliances a 6 3 7 15

Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d) 42 72 132 a For equipment, machinery and appliances, low/mean/high corresponds to 50/100/150 W per person

DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

27

Table A.3 — Landscaped office

Landscaped office (seven or more workplaces) No. 3




Daily operating hours of HVAC and cooling system time of day 5:00 18:00 Annual operating days of HVAC, cooling and heating systems dop,a d/a 250










Air change rate (general) h–1 2 3 Air change rate (cooling by ventilation only) h–1 4 8 Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 500 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8 Reduction factor kA – 0,93 Relative absence CA – 0 Space index k – 2,5 Reduction factor to account for building operating time Ft – 1 Occupancy Maximum occupancy density low mean high




Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d) 60 102 168 a For equipment, machinery and appliances, low/mean/high corresponds to 50/100/150 W per person

DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

28

Table A.4 — Meeting, conference or seminar room

Meeting, conference or seminar room No. 4










Humidity requirements – with tolerance Minimum outdoor-air supply volume flow rate AV&



Air change rate (common) h–1 5 7 Air change rate (cooling by ventilation only) h–1 10 15

Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 500 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8

Reduction factor kA – 0,93

Relative absence CA – 0,5

Space index k – 1,25 Reduction factor to account for building operating time Ft – 1


m2 per person 4 3 2

Internal heat sources Maximum specific power (W/m2) Full-utilization

hours (h/d) low mean high Persons (70 W per person) 4 18 24 35 Equipment, machinery, appliances 4 1 2 3

Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d) 76 104 152

DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

29

Table A.5 — Booking hall

Booking hall No. 5






Internal set-point temperature set-point temperature, cooling operation ϑi,c,soll

°C 24





Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person 20 Area-specific m3/(h·m2) –

Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate or air change (in practice) from to

Air change rate h–1 – – Air change rate, ventilation only h–1 – – Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 200 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8


Relative absence CA – 0




Maximum specific power (W/m2) Full-utilization

hours (h/d) low mean high

Persons (70 W per person) 6 4,5 6 9 Equipment, machinery, appliances 6 1,5 4 9,5


DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

30

Table A.6 — Retail shop/department store

Retail shop/department store No. 6 Usage times from to

Daily usage times time of day 8:00 20:00 Annual usage days dnutz,a d/a 300




Daily heating system operating hours time of day 6:00 20:00 Indoor room conditions (if conditioning is planned)

Internal set-point temperature, heating operation ϑi,h,soll °C 21








Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to

Air change rate h–1 – – Air change rate, ventilation only h–1 – –

Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 300

Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8





m2 per person 6 5 4

Internal heat sources Maximum specific power (W/m2) Full-utilization hours

(h/d) low mean high

DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

31

Persons (70 W per person) 6 12 14 18 Equipment, machinery, appliances 12 1 2 3


DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

32

Table A.7 — Retail shop/department store (food department with refrigerated products)

Retail shop/department store (food department with refrigerated products) No. 7













Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 – – Air change rate, ventilation only h–1 – –







m2 per person 6 5 4

Internal heat sources Maximum specific power (W/m2) Full-utilization

hours (h/d) low mean high Persons (70 W per person) 6 12 14 18 Equipment, machinery, appliances a 17 –12 –10 –8

DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

33

Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d) –132 –86 –28

a Chilled counters and display cabinets are heat sinks if the heat load is dissipated outside of the space being assessed, otherwise the standard value of 5 W/m2 shall be assumed. The daily full-utilization hours of chilled counters and display cabinets are lower at weekends; this is taken into account by assuming 300 usage days with 17 h/d full utilization.

DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

34

Table A.8 — Classroom (schools and nursery schools)

Classroom (schools and nursery schools) a No. 8












Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 – – Air change rate, ventilation only h–1 – – Lighting Maintained illuminance mE b lx 300 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8



Space index k – 2 Reduction factor to account for building operating time Ft – 0,9


m2 per person 3,5 3 2,5 Internal heat sources




DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

35

a The conditions of use listed here are mean values for primary and secondary schools. b 500 lx is required for special subject-related classrooms.

DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

36

Table A.9 — Lecture room, auditorium

Lecture room, auditorium No. 9












Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 – –

Air change rate, ventilation only h–1 – –





Space index k – 2,5 Reduction factor to account for building operating time Ft – 0,7


m2 per person 1,2 1 0,8

Internal heat sources


Persons (70 W per person) 6 59 70 88 Equipment, machinery, appliances 6 2 4 6


DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

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Table A.10 — Hospital ward or dormitory

Patient sleeping rooms Room with two beds in a hospital or infirmary No. 10









Temperature reduction for set-back operation Δϑi,NA K –


Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person – Area-specific m3/(h·m2) 4

Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 – – Air change rate, ventilation only h–1 – – Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 300 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8

Reduction factor kA – 1






Persons (70 W per person) 24 4 4,5 6 Machinery, equipment and appliances 6 2 4 6


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Table A.11 — Hotel room

Hotel bedroom Double room No. 11




Daily operating hours of HVAC and cooling systema time of day 0:00 24:00 Annual operating days of HVAC, cooling and heating systems dop,a d/a 365

Daily heating system operating hoursa time of day 0:00 24:00 Indoor room conditions (if conditioning is planned)

Internal set-point temperature, heating operation ϑi,h,soll °C 21






Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person 30 Area-specific m3/(h·m2) – Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to

Air change rate m3 per hour and room – 80

h–1 – –







m2 per person 12 10 8

Internal heat sources


Persons (70 W per person) 10 6 7 9

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Equipment, machinery, appliances 11 2 4 6 Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d) 82 114 156

a HVAC and heating systems are operated continuously around the clock.

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Table A.12 — Canteen

Canteen No. 12 Usage times from to Daily usage times time of day 8:00 15:00 Annual usage days dnutz,a d/a 250





Internal set-point temperature, cooling operationϑi,c,soll °C 24





Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person 30 Area-specific m3/(h·m2) 18 Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 – – h–1 – – Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 200 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8





m2 per person 1,4 1,2 0,8 Internal heat sources


Persons (70 W per person) 3 50 59 88 Equipment, machinery, appliances 5 1 2 3 Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d) 155 187 279

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Table A.13 — Restaurant

Restaurant No. 13Usage times from to Daily usage times time of day 10:00 24:00 Annual usage days dnutz,a d/a 300





Internal set-point temperature, cooling operationϑi,c,soll °C 24





Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person 30 Area-specific m3/(h·m2) 18 Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 – – h–1 – – Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 200 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8








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Table A.14 — Kitchen in non-residential building

Kitchen in non-residential building No. 14 Usage times from to Daily usage times time of day 10:00 23:00 Annual usage days dnutz,a d/a 300










Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person – Area-specific a m3/(h·m2) 90 Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 15 25 h–1 – – Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 300 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8







Persons (70 W per person) 7 8 8 8 Equipment, machinery, appliances b 6 200 300 400 Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d) 1256 1856 2456 a Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning requirements are specified in VDI 2052. b Sensible heat sources are assumed on the basis of the equipment example for mean equipment in accordance with VDI 2052, Annex

B.

DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

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Table A.15 — Kitchen – preparation room or storeroom

Kitchen – preparation room or storeroom No. 15 Usage times from to Daily usage times time of day 10:00 23:00 Annual usage days dnutz,a d/a 300










Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person – Area-specific a m3/(h·m2) 15 Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 – – Area-specific m3/(h·m2) – – Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 300 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8







Persons (80 W per person) 7 5 8 16 Equipment, machinery, appliances 6 20 30 40 Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d) 157 236 352 a The area-specific outdoor air supply volume flow rate is 6 m3/(h·m2) for areas which are used exclusively for storage purposes.

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Table A.16 — Toilets and sanitary facilities in non-residential buildings

Toilets and sanitary facilities in non-residential buildings No. 16 Usage times from to Daily usage times time of day 7:00 18:00 Annual usage days dnutz,a d/a 250









Humidity requirements – none Minimum outdoor-air supply volume flow rate AV&

Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person – Area-specific a m3/(h·m2) 15 Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 – – h–1 – – Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 100 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8





m2 per person – – – Internal heat sources


Persons (70 W per person) – – – – Equipment, machinery, appliances – – – – Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d) – – – a Outdoor-air supply volume flow rate as defined in AMEV RLT-Anlagen-Bau-93; cf. DIN 18017-3.

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Table A.17 — Other habitable rooms

Other habitable rooms Collective zone description, e.g. for staff and recess rooms, waiting rooms No. 17


















Persons (70 W per person) 4 18 23 35 Equipment, machinery, appliances 4 1 2 3 Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d) 76 100 152 a Outdoor-air supply volume flow rate as defined in AMEV RLT-Anlagen-Bau-93; cf. DIN 18017-3.

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Table A.18 — Auxiliary spaces (without habitable rooms)

Auxiliary spaces (without habitable rooms) Collective zone description, e.g. for cloakrooms, tea kitchens, storerooms, archives and corridors

No. 18

Usage times from to Daily usage times time of day 7:00 18:00 Annual usage days dnutz,a d/a 250 Daytime usage hours per annum tTag h/a 2543 Night-time usage hours per annum tNacht h/a 207 Daily operating hours of HVAC and cooling system time of day 5:00 18:00 Annual operating days of HVAC, cooling and heating systems dop,a d/a 250







Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person – Area-specific a m3/(h·m2) 0,15 Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 – – h–1 – – Lighting b Maintained illuminance mE b lx 100 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8







Persons (70 W per person) – – – – Equipment, machinery, appliances – – – – Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d) – – – a Outdoor-air supply volume flow rate as defined in AMEV RLT-Anlagen-Bau-93; cf. DIN 18017-3. b 200 lx for auxiliary spaces in which reading tasks are required.

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Table A.19 — Circulation and traffic areas

Traffic areas Corridors No. 19











Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person – Area-specific m3/(h·m2) 0 Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 – – h–1 – – Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 100 Height of the work plane hNe m 0







Persons (70 W per person) – – – – Equipment, machinery, appliances a – – – – Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d) 0 0 0 a Normally ventilated by air flowing from adjacent zones.

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Table A.20 — Storeroom Storeroom Technical equipment, archives No. 20











Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person – Area-specific a m3/(h·m2) 0,15 Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 – – h–1 – – Lighting b Maintained illuminance mE

b lx 100 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8







Persons (70 W per person) – – – – Equipment, machinery, appliances – – – – Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d) – – – a Outdoor-air supply volume flow rate as defined in AMEV RLT-Anlagen-Bau-93; constant air flow rate over a 24-h period. b 200 lx for storerooms in which reading tasks are required.

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Table A.21 — Server room, computer centre Server room, computer centre No. 21 Usage times from to Daily usage times time of day 0:00 24:00 Annual usage days dnutz,a d/a 365 Daytime usage hours per annum tTag h/a 4407 Night-time usage hours per annum tNacht h/a 4353 Daily operating hours of HVAC and cooling system time of day 0:00 24:00 Annual operating days of HVAC, cooling and heating systems dop,a d/a 365




Maximum temperature, cooling, design rating ϑi,c,max °C 26 (28)b



Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person 40 Area-specific m3/(h·m2) – Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 – – h–1 – – Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 500 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8







Persons (70 W per person) 6 2 2,5 4 Equipment, machinery, appliances a 12 50 150 500 Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d) 612 1815 6024

DIN V 18599-10:2007-02

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a 50 W/m2: low occupancy, mainly workplaces with individual PCs; 150 W/m2: high occupancy, mainly workplaces with individual PCs; 500 W/m2: computer centre with computer cabinets or racks. b 28 °C if not permanently occupied.

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Table A.22 — Workshop Workshop Assembly, manufacturing

No. 22














Space index k – 2 Reduction factor to account for building operating time Ft – 1




Persons (70 W per person) 7 3 4 6 Equipment, machinery, appliances 7 25 35 45 Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d) 196 273 357 a Maximum admissible pollutant concentration limits (German: MAK-Werte) for workplaces shall be observed. HVAC requirements

and heat loads for assembly and production facilities in accordance with VDI 3802.

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Table A.23 — Spectator and audience areas

Spectator and audience areas Theatres and event locations No. 23











Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person 30 Area-specific m3/(h·m2) – Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 4 4,5 h–1 – – Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 200 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8








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Table A.24 — Theatre foyer

Theatre foyer No. 24 Usage times from to Daily usage times time of day 19:00 23:00 Annual usage days dnutz,a d/a 250










Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person 20 Area-specific m3/(h·m2) – Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 2 2,5 h–1 – – Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 300 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8








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Table A.25 — Stage

Stage Theatres and event locations No. 25











Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person – Area-specific m3/(h·m2) 0,3 Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 3 5 h–1 – – Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 1000 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8







Persons (70 W per person) – – – – Equipment, machinery, appliances – – – – Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d) – – –

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Table A.26 — Fair/congress building

Fair/congress building No. 26 Usage times from to Daily usage times time of day 9:00 18:00 Annual usage days dnutz,a d/a 150










Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person 20 Area-specific m3/(h·m2) – Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 – 8 Area-specific m3/(h·m2) – 20 Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 300 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8







Persons (70 W per person) 6 12 23 35 Equipment, machinery, appliances a 6 1 2 3 Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d) 73 150 228 a Depends on the type of fair.

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Table A.27 — Exhibtionrooms and museums

Exhibitionsrooms and museums with conservation requirements No. 27










Humidity requirements – without tolerance Minimum outdoor-air supply volume flow rate AV&

Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person 20 Area-specific m3/(h·m2) – Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 – – Area-specific m3/(h·m2) 3 10 Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 200 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8







Persons (70 W per person) 4 3,5 7 14 Equipment, machinery, appliances 0 0 0 0 Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d) 14 28 56

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Table A.28 — Library – reading rooms

Library – reading rooms No. 28 Usage times from to Daily usage times time of day 8:00 20:00 Annual usage days dnutz,a d/a 300










Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person 20 Area-specific m3/(h·m2) – Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 – – Area-specific m3/(h·m2) – 6 Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 500 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8





m2 per person 5 2,5 1,5 Internal heat sources



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Table A.29 — Library – open stacks area

Library – open stacks area No. 29 Usage times from to Daily usage times time of day 8:00 20:00 Annual usage days dnutz,a d/a 300










Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person 20 Area-specific m3/(h·m2) – Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 – – Area-specific m3/(h·m2) 3 12 Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 200 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8







Persons (70 W per person) 6 3,5 7 14 Equipment, machinery, appliances 0 0 0 0 Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d) 21 42 84

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Table A.30 — Library – magazine and stores

Library – magazine and stores No. 30 Usage times from to Daily usage times time of day 8:00 20:00 Annual usage days dnutz,a d/a 300










Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person – Area-specific m3/(h·m2) 3 Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 – – Area-specific m3/(h·m2) 3 12 Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 100 Height of the work plane hNe m 0,8







Persons (70 W per person) – – – – Equipment, machinery, appliances – – – – Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d) – – –

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Table A.31 — Sports hall

Sports hall (without viewing area) No. 31 Usage times from to Daily usage times time of day 8:00 23:00 Annual usage days dnutz,a d/a 300










Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person 60 Area-specific m3/(h·m2) – Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 – 6 Area-specific m3/(h·m2) – – Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 300 Height of the work plane hNe m 1








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Table A.32 — Garage buildings (for offices and private use)

Garage buildings (for offices and private use) No. 32





Daily heating system operating hours time of day 5:00 18:00 Indoor room conditions (if conditioning is planned) Internal set-point temperature, heating operation ϑi,h,soll °C –

Internal set-point temperature, cooling operation ϑi,c,soll °C –

Minimum temperature, heating, design rating ϑi,h,min °C –

Maximum temperature, cooling, design rating ϑi,c,max °C –



Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person – Area-specific a m3/(h·m2) 8 Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 – – h–1 – – Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 75 Height of the work plane hNe m 0







Persons (70 W per person) – – – – Equipment, machinery, appliances – – – – Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d) – – – a Air volume flow rate depends on the volume of traffic, cf. VDI 2053.

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Table A.33 — Garage buildings (public use)

Garage buildings (public use) No. 33





Daily heating system operating hours time of day – – Indoor room conditions (if conditioning is planned) Internal set-point temperature, heating operation ϑi,h,soll °C – Internal set-point temperature, cooling operation ϑi,c,soll °C –

Minimum temperature, heating, design rating ϑi,h,min °C –

Maximum temperature, cooling, design rating ϑi,c,max °C –


Humidity requirements – None Minimum outdoor-air supply volume flow rate AV&

Occupancy-specific (person-related) m3 per hour and person – Area-specific a m3/(h·m2) 8 Mechanical outdoor-air supply volume flow rate (in practice) from to Air change rate h–1 – – h–1 – – Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx 75 Height of the work plane hNe m 0







Persons (70 W per person) – – – – Equipment, machinery, appliances – – – – Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) (Wh/m2·d) – – – a Air volume flow rate depends on the volume of traffic, cf. Regulations on garage buildings and VDI 2053.

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Annex B (informative)

Determination of daytime and night-time hours

B.1 General

The number of daytime and night-time hours needs to be known in order to be able to determine the energy need and energy use for lighting in accordance with DIN V 18599-4. The approximate method described below can be used in cases where the daytime and night-time hours for the types of usage listed in Table 4 are to be determined due to deviating operating times or when a totally different type of usage is specified.

B.2 Calculating daytime and night-time hours

The method described below can be used to determine the number of daytime hours tTag and night-time hours tNacht on a monthly basis for a known latitude ϕ and a specified beginning of usage tstart and end of usage tende. The hours between sunrise and sunset are considered to be daytime hours.

The times tTag,i and tNacht,i for each month are calculated using equations (B.1) and (B.2):

tTag,i = Ni × Cwe ((tende – tstart) – (tbs,i + tas,i)) (B.1)

tNacht,i = Ni × Cwe (tbs,i + tas,i) (B.2)

where

Ni is the number of days in the respective month; Ni = [31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31] with i = 1 to 12;

Cwe is the reduction factor to account for weekends; the value of Cwe to account for all weekends is 5/7, if no weekends are taken into consideration Cwe is equal to 1;

tstart is the time of the beginning of usage;

tende is the time of the end of usage;

tbs,i is the usage time before sunrise;

tas,i is the usage time after sunset.

The times before sunrise tbs,i and after sunset tas,i are determined using equations (B.3) and (B.4).

⎩⎨⎧ >−

=otherwise0

if, start,sunrise,start,sunrise,bs,

iiiii

ttttt (B.3)

⎩⎨⎧ >−

= ,otherwise0

if sunset,ende,sunset,ende,as,

iiii

ttttt (B.4)

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where

tsunset is the sunset time;

tsunrise is the sunrise time.

The time of sunrise tsunrise and the time of sunset tsunset are calculated using equations (B.5) and (B.6) :

tsunrise,i = (12 – ωi /15°) – teq(Ji)/60 (B.5)

tsunset,i = (12 + ωi /15°) – teq(Ji)/60 (B.6)

where

ωi is the hour angle;

teq is the equation of time.

Equation (B.7) is used to calculate the hour angle, ωi:

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛−=

))((cos)(cos))((sin)(sin

cosi

ii J

Jarc

δϕδϕ

ω (B.7)

where

ϕ is the geographical latitude of the location;

Ji is the day of the month: in this case, the 15th day of each month is used as a reference: Ji = [15, 46, 74, 105, 135, 166, 196, 227, 258, 288, 319, 349];

δ is the declination of the sun.

The following equation is used to calculate the declination of the sun:

δ (J) = 0,394 8 – 23,255 9 × cos(J + 9,1°) – 0,391 5 × cos(2 × J’ + 5,4°) – 0,176 4 × cos(3 × J’ + 26,0°)(B.8)

Equation (B.9) is used to determine the equation of time:

teq(J) = 0,006 6 + 7,352 5 × cos(J + 85,9°) + 9,935 9 × cos(2 × J + 108,9) + 0,338 7 × cos(3 × J + 105,2)(B.9)

with

J = J × 360°/365.

The annual daytime and night-time hours are the sum totals of the monthly values as expressed by equations (B.10) and (B.11) respectively:

∑=

=12

1Tag,Tag

itt i (B.10)

∑=

=12

1Nacht,Nacht

itt i (B.11)

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Annex C (informative)

Form for documentation of a usage profile for non-residential buildings

C.1 General

This Annex contains a form for documenting a usage profile for non-residential buildings. The form is structured in the same way as the tables in Annex A, except that it only contains the boundary conditions of use required for calculating the energy efficiency of buildings according to this document. Details of the outdoor supply-air volume flow rate and the range of the information on occupancy density and internal heat sources have been omitted.

C.2 Form for documentation of boundary conditions of use according to DIN V 18599-10

Reproduction of this form is permitted.

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Form for documentation of the boundary conditions of use according to DIN V 18599-10

Type of usage: Usage times from to Daily usage times time of day Annual usage days dnutz,a d/a

Daytime usage hours per annum tTag h/a

Night-time usage hours per annum tNacht h/a

Daily operating hours of HVAC and cooling system time of day Annual operating days of HVAC, cooling and heating systems dop,a d/a Daily heating system operating hours time of day Indoor room conditions (if conditioning is planned) Internal set-point temperature, heating operation ϑi,h,soll °C

Internal set-point temperature, cooling operation ϑi,c,soll °C

Minimum temperature, heating, design rating ϑi,h,min °C

Maximum temperature, cooling, design rating ϑi,c,max °C

Temperature reduction for set-back operation Δϑi,NA K

Humidity requirements – Minimum outdoor-air supply volume flow rate AV& Area-specific m3/(h·m2)

Lighting Maintained illuminance mE lx Height of the work plane hNe m

Reduction factor kA –

Relative absence CA –

Space index k – Reduction factor to account for building operating time Ft –

Occupancy Maximum occupancy density

m2 je Person

Internal heat sources Persons ql,p Wh/(m2·d)

Equipment, machinery, appliances ql,fac Wh/(m2·d)

Heat gains per day (ql,p + ql,fac) Wh/(m2·d)

Notes:

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Bibliography

[1] Arbeitskreis Maschinen- und Elektrotechnik staatlicher und kommunaler Verwaltungen (AMEV): Hinweise zur Planung und Ausführung von Raumlufttechnischen Anlagen für öffentliche Gebäude (RLT-Anlagenbau 2004) (German national and local administration bodies’ working group on mechanical and electrical engineering: Notes on planning and implementing HVAC systems for public buildings (HVAC system design 2004))

[2] Arbeitskreis Maschinen- und Elektrotechnik staatlicher und kommunaler Verwaltungen (AMEV): Hinweise für die Innenraumbeleuchtung mit künstlichem Licht in öffentlichen Gebäuden (Beleuchtung 2000) (German national and local administration bodies’ working group on mechanical and electrical engineering: Notes on indoor lighting of public buildings by artificial light (Lighting 2000))

[3] Hörner, M., Siering, K. und Knissel, J.: Methodik zur Erfassung, Beurteilung und Optimierung des Elektrizitätsbedarfs von Gebäuden — Modul 1.2 Standardnutzungen (Version 1.0) (Methods of determining, assessing and optimizing the electrical energy demand of building — Module 1.2 Standard uses (Version 1.0)); Institut Wohnen und Umwelt, Darmstadt (2005)

[4] Schramek, Ernst-Rudolf (Publisher): Taschenbuch für Heizung und Klimatechnik (Heating and environmental conditioning handbook). Oldenbourg Industrieverlag, München. 72nd edition (2005)

DIN 18017-3, Ventilation of bathrooms and WCs without outside windows by fans

DIN 18032-1, Halls and rooms for sports and multi-purpose use — Part 1: Planning principles

DIN EN 12464-1, Light and lighting — Lighting of workplaces — Part 1: Indoor workplaces

DIN EN 13779, Ventilation for non-residential buildings — Performance requirements for ventilation and room-conditioning systems

VDI 2052, Ventilation equipment for kitchens

VDI 2053, Air treatment systems for car parks

VDI 3802, Air conditioning systems for factories

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