dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · dimensions of certain self-similar...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Dimensions of certain self-similar measures
Nikita Sidorov
The University of Manchester
April 20, 2011
![Page 2: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Bernoulli convolutions
Let λ ∈ (0, 1/2) and let νλ be the Bernoulli convolution associatedwith λ.
![Page 3: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Bernoulli convolutions
Let λ ∈ (0, 1/2) and let νλ be the Bernoulli convolution associatedwith λ.
We will concentrate on the case when λ ∈ (1/2, 1) and λ−1 is aPisot number, i.e., an algebraic integer > 1 whose other Galoisconjugates are < 1 in modulus.
![Page 4: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Bernoulli convolutions
Let λ ∈ (0, 1/2) and let νλ be the Bernoulli convolution associatedwith λ.
We will concentrate on the case when λ ∈ (1/2, 1) and λ−1 is aPisot number, i.e., an algebraic integer > 1 whose other Galoisconjugates are < 1 in modulus.
Theorem (Erdos 1939, Garsia 1963, Przytycki-Urbanski 1989,Lalley 1998, . . . )
![Page 5: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Bernoulli convolutions
Let λ ∈ (0, 1/2) and let νλ be the Bernoulli convolution associatedwith λ.
We will concentrate on the case when λ ∈ (1/2, 1) and λ−1 is aPisot number, i.e., an algebraic integer > 1 whose other Galoisconjugates are < 1 in modulus.
Theorem (Erdos 1939, Garsia 1963, Przytycki-Urbanski 1989,Lalley 1998, . . . )
• The measure νλ is singular and exact-dimensional;
![Page 6: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Bernoulli convolutions
Let λ ∈ (0, 1/2) and let νλ be the Bernoulli convolution associatedwith λ.
We will concentrate on the case when λ ∈ (1/2, 1) and λ−1 is aPisot number, i.e., an algebraic integer > 1 whose other Galoisconjugates are < 1 in modulus.
Theorem (Erdos 1939, Garsia 1963, Przytycki-Urbanski 1989,Lalley 1998, . . . )
• The measure νλ is singular and exact-dimensional;
• dim(νλ) = Hλ < 1;
![Page 7: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Bernoulli convolutions
Let λ ∈ (0, 1/2) and let νλ be the Bernoulli convolution associatedwith λ.
We will concentrate on the case when λ ∈ (1/2, 1) and λ−1 is aPisot number, i.e., an algebraic integer > 1 whose other Galoisconjugates are < 1 in modulus.
Theorem (Erdos 1939, Garsia 1963, Przytycki-Urbanski 1989,Lalley 1998, . . . )
• The measure νλ is singular and exact-dimensional;
• dim(νλ) = Hλ < 1;
That is,
limh→0
log νλ(x − h, x + h)
log h≡ Hλ for νλ-a.e. x .
![Page 8: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Question. What is the numerical value of Hλ for a given Pisot λ−1?
![Page 9: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Question. What is the numerical value of Hλ for a given Pisot λ−1?
Theorem (Alexander-Zagier, 1991)
For λ =√5−12
we have
Hλ = 0.995713 . . .
![Page 10: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Question. What is the numerical value of Hλ for a given Pisot λ−1?
Theorem (Alexander-Zagier, 1991)
For λ =√5−12
we have
Hλ = 0.995713 . . .
Similar techniques apply to the multinacci λ, i.e., the roots ofxm + xm−1 + · · ·+ x = 1.
![Page 11: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Question. What is the numerical value of Hλ for a given Pisot λ−1?
Theorem (Alexander-Zagier, 1991)
For λ =√5−12
we have
Hλ = 0.995713 . . .
Similar techniques apply to the multinacci λ, i.e., the roots ofxm + xm−1 + · · ·+ x = 1.
Theorem (Hare-S, 2010)
1. We have Hλ > 0.81 for all Pisot λ ∈ (1/2, 1).
2. For λ−1 < 1.7 we have Hλ > 0.87.
3. For the small Pisot numbers β = λ−1 we have the following
individual lower bounds:
![Page 12: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Garsia’s entropy: a lower bound
Minimal polynomial of β β Depth Lower Bnd for Hλ
x3 − x − 1 1.3247 17 .88219
x4 − x3 − 1 1.3803 16 .87618
x5 − x4 − x3 + x2 − 1 1.4433 15 .89257
x3 − x2 − 1 1.4656 15 .88755
x6 − x5 − x4 + x2 − 1 1.5016 14 .90307
x5 − x3 − x2 − x − 1 1.5342 15 .89315
x7 − x6 − x5 + x2 − 1 1.5452 13 .90132
x6 − 2x5 + x4 − x2 + x − 1 1.5618 15 .90719
x5 − x4 − x2 − 1 1.5701 15 .88883
x8 − x7 − x6 + x2 − 1 1.5737 14 .90326
x7 − x5 − x4 − x3 − x2 − x − 1 1.5900 15 .89908
x9 − x8 − x7 + x2 − 1 1.5912 14 .90023
Table: Lower bounds for Garsia’s entropy for all Pisot numbers < 1.6
![Page 13: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Question. Are multinacci parameters local maxima for the functionλ 7→ Hλ?
![Page 14: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Two-dimensional model
Another way of looking at Bernoulli convolutions is via IFS:consider two maps
g0(x) = λx , g1(x) = λx + 1
taken with equal probabilities.
![Page 15: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Two-dimensional model
Another way of looking at Bernoulli convolutions is via IFS:consider two maps
g0(x) = λx , g1(x) = λx + 1
taken with equal probabilities. Then νλ is the invariant measure forthis probabilistic IFS.
![Page 16: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Two-dimensional model
Another way of looking at Bernoulli convolutions is via IFS:consider two maps
g0(x) = λx , g1(x) = λx + 1
taken with equal probabilities. Then νλ is the invariant measure forthis probabilistic IFS.
Now take any three non-collinear points a1, a2, a3 ∈ R2 and put
fj(x) = λx+ (1− λ)aj , j = 1, 2, 3.
![Page 17: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Two-dimensional model
Another way of looking at Bernoulli convolutions is via IFS:consider two maps
g0(x) = λx , g1(x) = λx + 1
taken with equal probabilities. Then νλ is the invariant measure forthis probabilistic IFS.
Now take any three non-collinear points a1, a2, a3 ∈ R2 and put
fj(x) = λx+ (1− λ)aj , j = 1, 2, 3.
Let Sλ denote the attractor for this IFS.
![Page 18: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The most famous case is λ = 1/2:
The Sierpinski Gasket
![Page 19: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The fat Sierpinski Gasket for λ = 0.59(zero Lebesgue measure?)
![Page 20: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Golden Gasket, λ =√5−12
≈ 0.618.
![Page 21: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The fat Sierpinski Gasket for λ = 0.65(has a nonempty interior)
![Page 22: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Suppose λ−1 is Pisot and µλ is the invariant measure for the IFS(the projection of (1/3, 1/3, 1/3)).
![Page 23: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Suppose λ−1 is Pisot and µλ is the invariant measure for the IFS(the projection of (1/3, 1/3, 1/3)).
Question. Is it true that
dim(µλ) < dimH Sλ?
![Page 24: Dimensions of certain self-similar measures · 2011. 4. 26. · Dimensions of certain self-similar measures Nikita Sidorov TheUniversityofManchester April 20, 2011](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052617/60af1d892c034f4bec11097a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Suppose λ−1 is Pisot and µλ is the invariant measure for the IFS(the projection of (1/3, 1/3, 1/3)).
Question. Is it true that
dim(µλ) < dimH Sλ?
Note that if λ = 1/2, then µλ is the normalized Hausdorff measure(for s = log 3/ log 2), whence these are equal.