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Kunnen we de verspreiding van ESBLs voorkomen? In mens en dier! Dik Mevius

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Page 1: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

Kunnen we de verspreiding van ESBLs voorkomen? In mens en dier!

Dik Mevius

Page 2: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

Evolutie van ESBLs bepaald door selectie!!

Penicillin

Ampi/Amox

3rd/4th-gen Cefalosporines

TEM-1 ESBL Carb.

Carbepenems

OXA-48 NDM-1

Bla-z

Page 3: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

Canton & Coque

The CTX-M ß-lactamase pandemic

Current Opinion in Microbiology Volume 9, Issue 5 2006 466 - 475

Page 4: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

Sinds 2000: CTX-M pandemie

Canton & Coque`, 2006

Page 5: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

ESBLs zijn overdraagbaar

ESBLs liggen vaak op plasmiden

Horizontale overdracht mogelijk binnen bacteriesoorten (E. coli -> E. coli) maar ook tussen bacteriesoorten (E. coli -> Salmonella of Klebsiella)

Geen grenzen aan mogelijkheden van verspreiding

Voedselveiligheids probleem!!

Page 6: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

Extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing and AmpC‐producing Escherichia coli from livestock and companion animals, and their putative impact on public health: a global perspective

Clinical Microbiology and Infection Volume 18, Issue 7, pages 646-655, 23 APR 2012 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03850.x http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03850.x/full#f2

Ewers et al. 2012

Presenter
Presentation Notes
 Spatial and host distribution of Escherichia coli extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC types with regard to data and the references given in Tables S1 and S2. With the exception of the category ‘Companion animals—Asia’, all pie charts presented are based on a minimum number of eight studies. © This slide is made available for non-commercial use only. Please note that permission may be required for re-use of images in which the copyright is owned by a third party.
Page 7: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

Meer dan 300 ESBL-producerende E. coli isolaten uit UK, DE en NL vergeleken

Bronnen waren: mens, dier en vlees

Page 8: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

Figure 1. Isolates were grouped into 114 clusters at the 40% similarity level.

Wu G, Day MJ, Mafura MT, Nunez-Garcia J, et al. (2013) Comparative Analysis of ESBL-Positive Escherichia coli Isolates from Animals and Humans from the UK, The Netherlands and Germany. PLoS ONE 8(9): e75392. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075392 http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0075392

Page 9: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each
Page 10: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

Conclusie

ESBLs is een One-Health probleem Probleem bij de mens wordt

gedomineerd door mens – mens transmissie van succesvolle “mensen-ESBLs”

Bijdrage vanuit dieren door overdracht van ESBL-genen en plasmiden

Ewers et al. 2012

Page 11: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

Interventiemogelijkheden

Prikkel wegnemen Gebruik 3e/4e generatie cefalosporinen Overig antibioticumgebruik verminderen ivm co-selectie

Infectiecontrolemaatregelen en hygiene om verspreiding te voorkomen

Page 12: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

Effect van stoppen met gebruik van 3e-gen cefalosporinen

Ceftiofur gebruik in broederijen gestopt

Page 13: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each
Page 14: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

(a) Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time.

Agersø Y , and Aarestrup F M J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2013;68:569-572

© The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: [email protected]

Presenter
Presentation Notes
(a) Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs in Denmark are given for each quarter (primary vertical axis). One-year moving average; average of samples positive for ESC-producing E. coli for a 1 year period (secondary vertical axis). ND; not determined. (b) Occurrence of ESC-producing E. coli and distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes in pigs at slaughter and on pig farms and in pork. This figure appears in colour in the online version of JAC and in black and white in the print version of JAC.
Page 15: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

Effect vermindering overig antibioticumgebruik op darm E. coli

Page 16: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

ESBLs in kipfilets

84 – 100% pluimveevlees bevat ESBLs

Page 17: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

ESBL-attributie PPS (Topsectorenbeleid)

Samenwerking tussen DLO (CVI) UU (UMCU, IRAS, I&I, Informatica) GD RIVM PVE/PPE VionFood Group, van Drie Group

Page 18: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

10 december 2013 18

Doelstellingen project

1.Vaststellen kwantitatieve bijdragen van dierlijke reservoirs van Extended Spectrum beta-lactamase producerende bacteriën (ESBLs) aan humane ESBL-geassocieerde cases

2.Bepalen transmissieroutes

• Direct contact, consumptie, milieuroutes, buitenland

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Reducties: prevalenties of aantallen
Page 19: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

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Reservoirs en ketens

Page 20: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

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Overdracht van ESBL’s van dieren naar mensen

Nigel French, pers. comm.

Page 21: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

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Risicofactoren ESBL infecties ● Invasieve infecties

– Recent gebruik antibiotica (m.n. fluoroquinolonen en cephalosporinen) – Onderliggende ziekte / hoge leeftijd – Eerdere ziekenhuisopname – Invasieve handelingen – Geboorte buiten Europa

● Urineweginfecties – Recent gebruik antibiotica (m.n. fluoroquinolonen en cephalosporinen) – Onderliggende ziekte (m.n. chronische urineweginfecties) – Verblijf in een verpleeghuis

● Kolonisatie (algemene bevolking) – Geboorte buiten Europa / reizen – Contacten binnen het huishouden – Contact met (landbouw)huisdieren (maar lagere prevalentie in

pluimveerijke gebieden)

A substantial number of community cases did not live in an RCH nor had

been recently hospitalised, suggesting the independent generation of ESBL-

producing enterobacteria in the broader community (Moor et al., 2008)

In 10 outbreaks, two or more diners shared the same ESBL-PB, and in four of them, the strain was shared with the

food handlers (Lavilla et al., 2008)

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Perceptie

Page 23: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

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Producten ESBL-attributie Kwantitatieve gegevens over het voorkomen en de karakteristieken van ESBLs in dierlijke productieketens, het milieu, dierlijke producten en de mens

Diepgaand onderzoek naar genetische associaties

Wiskundige modellen over de attributie van ESBLs bij mensen aan verschillende reservoirs (dieren en mensen) en de bijdrage van verschillende ketens aan de blootstelling van de mens

Kwantitatieve inschatting van effect van reducties van ESBLs in dierreservoirs en in de ketens op voorkomen van ESBLs bij de mens

Page 24: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

Pedigree N = 5 (UK) GGPS N = 50 (UK)

Hatcheries = 1

GPS Rearing N = ± 17 GPS Production N = ± 40

PS-H N = ± 3

PS Rearing N = ± 98 PS production N = 242

Broiler-H N = ± 16

Broiler farms N = ± 735

Vleeskuiken productie pyramide (Dierikx et al 2013)

UK/US CMY-2

ESBLs

CTX-M-1, CMY-2, SHV-12, TEM-52, CTX-M-2, .....

Combinatie van verticale transmissie, recirculatie en introductie

Intro

duct

ie u

it be

smet

milie

u

Page 25: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

Mogelijkheden om in te grijpen

Optimale hygiene Broederij Vleeskuikensbedrijf

• Beide zwaar besmet met ESBLs

Competitive Exclusion (Aviguard, Broilact) Voorkomen van kolonisatie

bij jonge dieren Sterk gereduceerd

antibioticumgebruik

Page 26: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

Conclusie

Het voorkomen van ESBLs bij mensen en dieren is een gezamenlijk probleem

Controle is alleen mogelijk door een gezamenlijke aanpak

Page 27: Dik Mevius - RIVM...\ 愀尩 Occurrence of ESC producing E. coli in pigs at slaughter over time. Kilograms of cephalosporin registered for use in pigs\ഠin Denmark are given for each

Carbepenemases in dieren. Zijn we voorbereid?