digital divide university of the philippines college of education educational technology department...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Digital Divide
University of the PhilippinesCollege of Education
Educational Technology DepartmentEDUC190 – Computers in Education
Ferdinand B. Pitagan, PhDProfessor of Education
![Page 2: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Sharing your experience
• What kinds? – mobile phone, iPod, Wiki? Blogs (facebook, mixi..)? Skype? etc.
• For what?• How often?• individual differences?
![Page 3: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Gap
AccessSkills
KnowledgeAttitude
ICT: information and communications technology
Digital haves - Info rich
Digital not haves - Info poor
![Page 4: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
NationsGenerations
GendersEthnic groups
“Education”Economic
levelsSocial statusLanguages
A series of Gaps
Digital haves - Info rich
Digital not haves - Info poor
![Page 5: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Evolution of Digital Technologies
1) Provide opportunities2) Create problems
![Page 6: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Digital Technologies
Changes in Society
Education(Policies, Practices)
Digital Divide
Digital Opportunities
![Page 7: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Why Digital Divide is an important issue….
![Page 8: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Digital Divide
a deepening of existing forms of exclusion
Unemployed, poor, housebound, disabled,
less educated, minoritiesWomen/girls
![Page 9: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Finding Facts
![Page 10: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 12: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Internet World Statistics (2009) http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
![Page 13: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 15: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Digital Divide at A Glance (ITU figures)
• less than 3 out of every 100 Africans • 1 out of every 2 inhabitants of the G8
countries • top 20 countries (Internet bandwidth)
---80% of all Internet users • 30 countries with an Internet
penetration of less than 1% • 429 million Internet users in G8 • 444 million Internet users in non-G8 • Mobile = 34% of the world’s total
mobile users from G8 countries – 14% world population
G8- Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the UK and the US
![Page 16: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Digital Divide
Economic factors
Other factors
Social factors (gender, race..)
Cultural factors
![Page 17: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Internet Users by Income level of country (2003)
Asahi Statistics p.189
• High-income : 65.5%• Upper middle income : 7.8%• Lower middle income : 21.5%• Low-income : 5.6%
![Page 18: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
UCLA World Internet Project (2004)- Internet Users -
Britain men 63.6; women 55.0Germany men 50.4; women 41.7Hungary men 20.3; women 15.1Italy men 41.7; women 21.5Japan men 54.7; women 46.2Korea men 67.8; women 53.8Macao men 37.8; women 28.8Singapore men 47.2; women 34.0Spain men 46.4; women 27.2Sweden men 67.7; women 64.4Taiwan men 25.1; women 23.5United States men 73.1; women 69.0
![Page 20: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
“…86 percent of women ages 18 to 29 were online, compared with 80 percent of men in the same age group.
“…among the older group, those age 65 and older, 34 percent of men are online, compared with 21 percent of women.”
USA, Washingtonpost Thursday, December 29, 2005
![Page 21: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
White Paper on information and Telecommunications in Japan
http://www.johotsusintokei.soumu.go.jp/whitepaper/eng/WP2002/press_information01.pdf
![Page 22: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Japan
Digital divide
Age
Computer anxiety Nigate-ishiki
Computer experience
Handwriting
Language non-alphabet writing)
Culture!
Education!
![Page 23: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Japan
Regional gap
Internet Use via Mobiles
Generation gap- Old people
People with disabilities
Housewives
![Page 24: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
What do these mean?
![Page 25: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Not easy to stop/lessen gaps
Need for awareness
Need for strong policies
Need for international collaboration
Need for education
If we don’t do anything about it….
![Page 26: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
What can we do?
![Page 27: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
World Summit on the Information Society
http://www.itu.int/wsis/tunis/newsroom/stats/Building-digital-bridges_2005.pdf
1. International Collaboration“UNDP etc – e Vietnamese Village”“Japan – Asian Broadband Project”
2. NGOs/Public sectors“Brazil – Tele-centers”
3. National Policies“Egypt – E-readiness Plan”“Korean Agency for Digital Opportunity”
4. Business Involvement “Sudan – SUDATEL”
#### Individual efforts
![Page 28: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
- 8 key areas for policy suggested-
1. Access for all to HW & SW2. Changed roles of teachers/learners3. Promoting lifelong learning4. Quality assurance5. Enhanced citizenship6. Brokering services and agencies7. Support, encourage & direct research8. Change in role of policy-maker in education
World Summit on the Information Society
![Page 29: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Free discussion - What do you think?
“Teachers should be trained and retrained to effectively and efficiently use ICT in teaching and management!”
– from digital divide/opportunities perspective
Singapore and Korea -Training, retraining every 3 yrs
-30% of teaching hours/curriculum- ICT use in teacher evaluation
- All classrooms connected to the high-speed Internet
![Page 30: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Digital Opportunities
ICT, helping to overcome some forms of exclusion
Distance learning to remote areasVillage tele-centers with ICT
Maori education in NZ
![Page 31: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Lifelong society
Digital technologies
![Page 32: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Education
Youth, prepare for changing world
Adults, enable to participate in this world
Everyone, continue to update
![Page 33: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Do you see any Digital Divide in Education??
![Page 34: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Digital Divide in Education
-Digital divide in investment (input)-Digital divide in ICT use (process)-Digital divide in people (output)
![Page 35: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
1. Digital Divide in Investment
Input Factors
Hardware, Materials (software), Connectivity; Integration of ICT in curriculum; Supports; Policies
![Page 36: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Computer equipment in schools Source: Japan, MEXT (2005)
# of students
per compute
r
% of the Internet access
(school)
% of the Internet access
(classroom)
Elementary
9.6 99.9
48.8 (average)
Lower Secondary
6.9 99.9
Upper Secondary
5.5 99.9
![Page 37: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
“why is it important to understand and
lesson digital divide in investment
in formal education?”
![Page 38: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
“Schools or educational
institutions can play a compensatory equalising role.”
![Page 39: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
2. Digital Divide in ICT Use
Process Factors
Different approaches to ICT use- Used for advanced applications
and thinking?- Used for basic skill training?- Used for computer games?
![Page 40: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
University Faculty’s Use of ICT in TeachingSource: Japan, NIME (2003)
9.3
12.0
13.8
13.0
28.1
13.7
14.3
22.6
25.4
0.80.9
16.3
0 20 40 60 80 100
Posting lecture video on web
Posting instructional materials on web
Students report submission by email
Presentation tools
Q & A by email
Administrative communication by email
used always
used often
![Page 41: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
As a presentation tool?
As a simple communication tool?
As an administrative tool?
As a problem-solving tool?
As a creation tool?
As a research tool?
![Page 42: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Gaps between teachers and students,
among teachers and among students
in terms ofSkills & KnowledgeWays of using ICT
Attitude
![Page 43: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
3. Digital Divide in Different Groups
“What is more important is to empower people……..” (Week2-reading#1 “Learning to bridge the DD - p.56)”
Human (Outcome) Factors
Digital literacy? - ICT skills / knowledge - confidence - competencies
![Page 44: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
ICT Skills (University, Perception)Source: NIME (2003)
“I do not have adequate ICT skills and knowledge”
- More faculty than students- More older people than younger ones- More people in humanities and social sciences than those in natural sciences and engineering
![Page 45: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Some policies (Education)
1. USA – “E-rate program” 2. EU- “eLearning Action Plan”3. Japan - “Millennium Project”,
“E-Japan Strategy” 4. Romania – “Multipurpose Community
Telecenters”
![Page 46: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Digital divide in informal learning(more learning happens outside schools)
Home differencesDifferences at work
Differences in communities
![Page 47: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Digital Divide
Understanding the issue from various perspectives
- As a teacher in the future- As a university student
“To make ICT used and useful”
![Page 48: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Group Activity
DIGITAL DIVIDE in the PHILIPPINES
![Page 49: Digital Divide University of the Philippines College of Education Educational Technology Department EDUC190 – Computers in Education Ferdinand B. Pitagan,](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032722/56649f505503460f94c737ec/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
NEXT MEETING
Approaches in using media for instruction