digital context: colombia september - bbva research · 2018. 9. 14. · digital context: colombia 3...

Digital Context: Colombia

1

Digital Context:

Colombia

September

2016


2

1 Digital scenario

2 Demand side

3 Supply side

4 Regulation side

• Overview

Outline


3

Overview

Colombia occupies an important position in terms of digital content

among Latin American countries

Internet use is higher than computer use because of the widespread

use of mobile devices

The proportion of people using the Internet daily has increased

considerably since 2014

Home is the main place of Internet use, and home use is growing

continuously

Cost is considered the main constraint on Internet access, although

this perception is weaker among young people

The use of Internet for educational purposes is higher than in other

countries of the region

Bogota is the only region in Colombia where more than 10% of internet

users use e-banking and e-commerce

The number of mobile-broadband subscriptions increased by a

multiple of 13 between 2009 and 2013


4

Digitisation Index Digital scenario:

1


5

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

USA

Chile Colombia

Peru

1.1. Structural digitisation index in 2015

The index comprises the measure of infrastructure level indicators, adoption and use of technologies, costs and regulatory conditions

Algeria

Qatar

Nigeria

Pakistan

Bangladesh

Paraguay

India

Venezuela

Vietnam

Peru

Argentina

Egypt

Ukraine

Greece

Philippines

Indonesia

Morocco

Thailand

Mexico

Sri Lanka

Italy

Poland

Bulgaria

Cyprus

China

Saudi Arabia

Croatia

Colombia

Slovenia

Kazakhstan

Russian Federation

Slovak Republic

Hungary

Turkey

Romania

Uruguay

Luxembourg

Brazil

Czech Rep.

South Africa

Ireland

Chile

United Arab Emirates

Belgium

Spain

Singapore

Austria

Portugal

Germany

Malaysia

Denmark

Latvia

Canada

Australia

France

United States

Sweden

Netherlands

Finland

Lithuania

Korea, Rep.

Japan

Estonia

Hong Kong SAR

United Kingdom


6

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

PER COL

TUR GBR

PER

COL

CHL

SGP

CHL PER COL

HKG

COL

IND

CHL

GBR

MEX COL

CHL

GBR

BGD

TUR

PER

COL

1.2. Structural digitisation index in 2015: by dimension

Affordability ICT Regulation Infrastructure

Individual usage Enterprises usage Content


7

Demand side 2


8

Note 1: Use of Internet 2007-2011: in last 12 months/ Use 2012 ongoing : in last month

Note 2: Percentages of access are related to the total households and the percentages of usage are related to the total

population with Internet access

Significant growth in the availability of mobile compared with the computer

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

2012 2013 2014 2015

Daily internet use Weekly internet use

Daily computer use Weekly computer use

(%)

Frequency of use (%)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Internet access Computer access

Mobile access Internet use

ICT access and Internet use

Increasing

frequency

of Internet

use

2.1. Computer and Internet: access at home and usage


9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Antioquía Bogotá Pacífico Centro-Oriente Caribe Orinoqua-Amazonas

Pe

rcen

tage

of

ho

use

ho

lds w

ith

In

tern

et a

cce

ss

2015 2012

AVERAGE 2015

2.2. Internet access at home: growth by region


10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Too expensive Lack of necessity Without a device toconnect

Lack of skills Can accesselsewhere

Perc

enta

ge o

f household

s w

ithout

Inte

rnet

access

2012 2015

The high cost is the main barrier to Internet access for households

Households without Internet access in 2015

Households without Internet access in 2012

The

percentage of

individuals

with Internet

access

problems is

decreasing

Barriers: perception by age

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

16-24 25-44 45-64 +65

%

High cost Lack of necessity Lack of skills

2.3. Barriers to home Internet access


11

48.8%

10,3%

2012 2015

Internet use:

People mostly access the Internet at home, followed by the place of work

Home Work Education centre Community telecentre Private centres Family/friends Others

38.9%

13.8% 18.1%

22.2% 43.2%

16.1%

15.5%

10.8%

6.0%

55.9%

Internet use:

2.4. Places for Internet use (last month)


12

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Communication Information Education Leisure E-banking E-commerce E-Government Other

2012 2015*Note: Options are not exclusive. Individuals can selected more than one activity simultaneously

(%)

Unlike other countries in the region, education is one of the most popular activities among Internet users

Most

popular

activities

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

2012 2013 2014 2015

E-commerce E-banking

x 1.5 x 1.3 (%)

2.5. Internet activities: usage in last 12 months


13

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Bogotá Antioquía Caribe Pacífico Centro-Oriente Orinoqua-Amazonas

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

Inte

rne

t u

se

rs

2015 2012

AVERAGE 2015

2.6. Online banking: changes by region


14

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Bogotá Antioquía Caribe Pacífico Centro-Oriente Orinoqua-Amazonas

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

Inte

rne

t u

se

rs

2015 2012

AVERAGE 2015

2.7. E-commerce: changes by region


15

Internet Online banking E-commerce

High Medium Low

2.8. Geographical distribution in 2015: usage in the last month


16

2012 2015

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Student

16-24

Unemployed

Primary

Sup. University

65 +

Quartile 4

Quartile 3

Quartile 1

Employed

Secondary

No studies

45-64

25-44

Quartile 2

Female

Male

Sup. No University

EMPLOYMENT

EDUCATION

AGE

GENDER

INCOME

2.9. Population characteristics: Internet use (%)


17

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25

Student

16-24

Unemployed

Primary

Sup. University

65 +

Quartile 4

Quartile 3

Quartile 1

Employed

Secondary

No studies

45-64

25-44

Quartile 2

Female

Male

Sup. No University

Student

16-24

Unemployed

Primary

Sup. University

65 +

Quartile 4

Quartile 3

Quartile 1

Employed

Secondary

No studies

45-64

25-44

Quartile 2

Female

Male

Sup. No University

Online banking E-commerce

EMPLOYMENT

EDUCATION

AGE

GENDER

INCOME

2.10. Population characteristics (% of Internet users, 2015)


18

Supply side 3


19

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140

50

100

150

200

250

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

55.33

50.76

X 15

Colombia Spain

2013

Spain

99%

Colombia

100%

Mobile population

Coverage 0.29 COLOMBIA, 2014

0.15 SPAIN, 2014

X 3

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

On-net Colombia

On-net Spain Off-net Spain

Off-net Colombia

Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions (millions) Domestic mobile-telephone traffic (billions of minutes)

Tariffs: Mobile-cellular prepaid-1 min call (USD)

3.1. Mobile situation


20

Cable módem DSL FibraFibre Cable modem

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Colombia Spain

X 14

X 2

2005 2013 2005 2013

Colombia Spain

45%

54%

Colombia Spain

1 Mbit/s

Colombia Spain 18%

77%

5%

3.2. Fixed broadband Fixed broadband speed, (in Mbit/s)

Fixed broadband subscriptions (millions)

US

D

Colombia 2013

Fixed broadband monthly

subscription charge

US$31 2014

Fixed broadband monthly

subscription charge

US$36 2014

Spain 2013


21

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Colombia Spain0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Colombia Spain

X 13

X 7

2009 2013

Colombia Spain

2009 2013 2009 2013

Colombia Spain

2009 2013

X 13

X 7

25.1%

67.2%

10.3%

66.9%

10.1%

25.0%

Note1: Numbers within the bars show the percentage of subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

Note2: The wireless broadband indicator is comprised of subscriptions to broadband satellite, fixed wireless and mobile network

3.3. Wireless broadband

Total wireless broadband subscriptions (millions) Mobile-broadband subscriptions (millions)

99.6% of all wireless broadband subscriptions correspond to mobile-broadband


22

Regulation side 4


23

4.1. ICT laws: correlation between regulatory efficiency and piracy

High income OECD countries Rest (Colombia is highlighted in green)

Source : BBVA Research & World Economic Forum Source: BBVA Research & World Economic Forum

ARG

BRA

CHL CHN

COL

DNK

FIN

FRA

DEU

IND

ITA

MEX

PER

SGP

ESP

TUR

GBR

USA

VEN

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Eff

icie

ncy o

f le

gal syste

m in c

halle

ngin

g r

egs,

1-7

(b

est)

Laws relating to ICT, 1-7 (best)

CHL

FIN

FRA

DEU

ITA

LUX

NOR

ESP

GBR

USA

BRA

CHN

COL

IND

MEX

PER

SGP

TUR

VEN

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7S

oft

ware

piracy r

ate

, %

soft

ware

insta

lled

Laws relating to ICT, 1-7 (best)


24

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

ArgentinaEl SalvadorGuatemala

BoliviaAustriaMexico

JamaicaCosta Rica

TurkeyCanada

GermanyColombia

Korea, RepPeru

BrazilSpain

UruguayChile

United KingdomAustralia

No. New Firms per 1,000 workers

4.2. Ease of doing business & entrepreneurship

Source: BBVA Research & World Economic Forum Source: Doing Business (World Bank Group)

ARG BRA

COL

IND

MLT

MEX

PER

SGP

TUR

AUS

CHL

DNK FIN

FRA DEU

ITA

KOR

NOR

ESP

SWE GBR 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

0 5 10 15 20

Ease o

f doin

g b

usin

ess R

ankin

g

No. new firms per 1,000 workers

High income OECD countries Rest (Colombia is highlighted in green)


25

Colombia 3.5

Median 3.7

4.3. Political and regulatory environment Weak

Medium

High

No data

Weak

Medium

High

No data

Source: BBVA Research & World Economic Forum, 2015

Note: In order to measure the political and regulatory environment, indicators such as ICT-related laws, piracy rates,

efficiency of legal system and protection of intellectual property are taken into account.

The political and

regulatory

environment of

Colombia is similar

to the global

median


26

Appendices 5


27

Users

adoption

Firms

adoption

Infrastructure Cost

Regulation

Content

Fixed (wired)-broadband speed, in Mbit/s.

International Internet bandwidth. It is measured in

bits per second per Internet user.

Percentage of total population covered by a mobile

network signal.

International Internet bandwidth in megabits per

second (Mbit/s).

Active mobile-broadband subscriptions.

Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions.

Mobile telephone subscriptions

Percentage of households with Internet access at

home.

Proportion of individuals that used the Internet in the

last 12 months.

How widely used are virtual social networks in the

country?

To what extent do businesses use ICT for transactions

with other businesses in the country?

To what extent do businesses use Internet for selling

their goods and services to consumers in the country?

To what extent do businesses adopt new technology

in the country?

[1 = not at all; 7 = to a great extent]

Monthly subscription charge for fixed (wired)

broadband Internet service (PPP $). Fixed (wired)

broadband is considered to mean any dedicated

connection to the Internet at downstream speeds

equal to, or greater than, 256 kilobits per second,

using DSL.

How developed are your country’s laws relating to

the use of ICT (e.g., electronic commerce, digital

signatures, consumer protection)?

[1 = not developed at all; 7 = extremely well-developed]

The Government Online Service Index assesses the

quality of government’s delivery of online services on

a 0-to-1 (best) scale. There are four stages of service

delivery: Emerging, Enhanced, Transactional and

Connected. In each country, the performance of the

government in each of the four stages is measured as

the number of services provided as a percentage of

the maximum services in the corresponding stage.

Users’

adoption

Infrastructure

Firms’

adoption

Regulation

Cost

Content

Composition of the Digitisation Index


28

Survey conducted by the National Administrative Department of Statistics

(DANE) of Colombia since 2007

It is a special information and communication technology module (MTIC in the

Spanish abbreviation) included in the abbual “Great Integrated Household

Survey” (GEIH). From 2012 on, the information can be found in the Quality of

Life Survey (ECV)

The main objective is to measure the coverage, access and use of information

and communications technology in households and by individuals

Source of data from the Demand Side: GEIH and ECV


29

The World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database contains time series data

for the years 1960, 1965, 1970 and annually from 1975 to 2014. These data are

available for over 200 economies, however the availability of data for the different

indicators and years can vary

The data are collected from an annual questionnaire sent to official economy

contacts, usually the regulatory authority or the ministry in charge of

telecommunication and ICT. Additional data are obtained from reports provided

by telecommunication ministries, regulators and operators and from ITU staff

reports

Source of data from the Supply Side: World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database (ITU, 2015)


30

Financial Inclusion David Tuesta Lead Economist

Víctor Adame Javier Alonso Alfonso Arellano Noelia Cámara Rosa Mª Oliveros Lucía Pacheco Mª Luisa Pérez

Colombia Juana Téllez Chief Economist Fabián Mauricio García Mauricio Hernández Mª Claudia Llanes José Vicente Romero

For further information, please contact [email protected] or [email protected]

digital context: colombia september - bbva research · 2018. 9. 14. · digital context: colombia 3...

Documents