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Abstracts / Current Opinion in

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ast, present and future of tissue culture and geneticransformation research on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata.)

uhammad Aasim 1, Allah Bakhsh 2, Khalid Mehmood Khawar 2,ebahattin Ozcan 2

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karamanoglu Mehmetbeyniversity, Karaman, TurkeyDepartment of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University,nkara, Turkey

-mail address: mshazim@gmail.com (M. Aasim)

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is one of the most importantrought-tolerant summer food legume crop largely cultivated onens of millions of small farms in the drier zones of Africa withimited yield due to various biotic and abiotic stresses. It is alsorown in some Asian, South European, Central and South Ameri-an countries both as food and forage crops. Cowpea can play anmportant role in supplementing rural population diet due to itsow cost high protein, high calories, minerals and vitamins. Worldemand for legume feed protein is increasing gradually due to

ncreasing demand for animal food products. Therefore, there is aire need to develop new varieties combining traditional and mod-rn biotechnological techniques to meet these future challenges.eports concerning micropropagation and tissue culture studies ofowpea started during early 1980s with moderate success in 1990swing to recalcitrant nature of plant. However, during 2000s manyesearchers developed new protocols to overcome the problemf recalcitrance and consequently micropropagation. This reporteviews past and present tissue culture and genetic transformationesearch on cowpea and also focus on future prospects of cowpeaesearch using modern biotechnological techniques.

oi:10.1016/j.copbio.2011.05.427

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evelopments in pistachio biotechnology

ngin Tilkat 1, Ahmet Onay 2, Yelda Ozden 3, Hakan Yildirim 4,mine Ayaz Tilkat 1

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Literature, Universityf Batman, Batman, TurkeyDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dicle,iyarbakir, TurkeyDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Institute ofechnology, Kocaeli, TurkeyDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University oficle, Diyarbakir, Turkey

-mail address: etilkat@gmail.com (E. Tilkat)

This study provides information on different stages of pistachioicropropagation as a tool in plant biotechnology. Pistachio is an

mportant plantation crop grown in at least 19 countries across thelobe. In recent years, the pistachio has received a lot of attentionn the biotechnology research area. For the last three decades, thereas been a steady flow of information on pistachio biotechnologyesearch and now it is entering a new era. Regarding micropropa-ation, pistachio plants have been extremely difficult to establish

ue to a host of difficulties such as the high incidence of contamina-ion and the oxidation of phenolic compounds. The content of thistudy is concerned with new methods developed for the differenttages of micropropagation of pistachio: (1) installation of mature

tabD

hnology 22S (2011) S15–S152 S131

pical shoot tips and elimination of browning exudates; (2) forc-ng hardwood shoots; (3) forcing axenic leaves; (4) initiation ofmbryogenic masses (EMS); (5) encapsulation of somatic embryosnd axillary buds for storage; (6) the facilitation of rooting; and (7)pplication of molecular markers for the determination of geneticiversity. With these improved stages, the application of pistachioicropropagation in commercial clonal orchards is feasibility in

ear future as an alternative to traditional propagation.

oi:10.1016/j.copbio.2011.05.428

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ifferences in the Wheat leaf 2-DE protein profileetween cultivars and applied nitrogen levels

halid Hakeem 1, Muhammad Iqbal 1, Munir Ozturk 2, Mehmeterdal Sakcali 3

Hamdard University, Karachi, PakistanEge University, Izmir, TurkeyFatih University, Istanbul, Turkey

-mail address: sakcali@fatih.edu.tr (M.S. Sakcali)

Very little information is available on the proteome changesccurring in response to nitrogen amount. In this study twoimensional electrophoresis was used to investigate proteomeifferences between two contrasting cultivars of wheat (Triticumestivum) and the changes caused by nitrogen nutrition deficitn the leaf tissue. Some physiological features, such as N-uptakeinetics and activities of N-assimilation enzymes as well as proteinontent were measured previous to the proteomic analysis. Statis-ical analysis identified 152 differential protein spots in the selectedair wise comparisons of experimental conditions and correlatedith the expression cluster revealed by the PD Quest analysis. The

8 protein spots showing substantial difference in their expressionere subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time

f flight to deduce their possible functions. Many of these changeseferred to enzymes involved in different pathways implicated inhe balance of the energy, and redox status of the cell. Gene expres-ion analysis of these different proteins by quantitative real timeCR showed that the mRNA level was correlated well with the pro-ein level. This work provides an insight on the characterization ofroteome changes that occur in response to nitrogen deficiency inrop plants.

oi:10.1016/j.copbio.2011.05.429

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ermination and growth patterns of sugarbeet (Beta vul-aris L.) lines and cultivars at different ploidy levels

ustafa Yildiz, Nazif Korkmaz, Serap Kurumlu, Burak Onol, Cansuelci

Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ankara,nkara, Turkey

-mail address: serapkurumlu@hotmail.com (S. Kurumlu)

There are differences between diploid and polyploid plantsrom morphological, physiological and biochemical aspects. In thisesearch, the germination and growth patterns of sugarbeet geno-

ypes at different ploidy levels were evaluated. Two diploid (Felicitand Agnessa) and two tetraploid (CBM 315 and AD 440) sugar-eet genotypes were grown in boxes (50 × 25 cm) for 6 months.uring the study, morphological, analytical and cytological char-