diesel regulations affecting public fleets pfsa meeting may 17, 2007 chris w dutton a-z bus sales...
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Diesel Regulations Affecting Diesel Regulations Affecting Public FleetsPublic Fleets
PFSA MeetingPFSA MeetingMay 17, 2007May 17, 2007
Chris W DuttonChris W Dutton
A-Z Bus SalesA-Z Bus Sales
Emission Solutions GroupEmission Solutions Group
AgendaAgenda
IntroductionIntroduction Background on ARB’s Diesel Risk Background on ARB’s Diesel Risk
Reduction PlanReduction Plan Overview of the On-Road Diesel Overview of the On-Road Diesel
Public Fleet ATCMPublic Fleet ATCM Technology: Retrofit and 2007Technology: Retrofit and 2007 Upcoming RegulationsUpcoming Regulations QuestionsQuestions
BackgroundBackground
In 1998, the California Air Resources In 1998, the California Air Resources Board (ARB) identified particulate Board (ARB) identified particulate matter (PM) from diesel engines as a matter (PM) from diesel engines as a toxic air contaminant (TAC)toxic air contaminant (TAC)• Over 1 million on-road & off-road Over 1 million on-road & off-road
vehiclesvehicles• 16,000 stationary engines16,000 stationary engines• 50,000 portable engines50,000 portable engines
BackgroundBackground
To address Diesel PM, ARB adopted To address Diesel PM, ARB adopted the Diesel Risk Reduction Plan the Diesel Risk Reduction Plan (DRRP) in 2000(DRRP) in 2000• Goal: Goal: significantly reduce diesel PM significantly reduce diesel PM
emissionsemissions• Three components:Three components:
Stringent standards for new enginesStringent standards for new engines Retrofit requirements for existing enginesRetrofit requirements for existing engines Control sulfur-content of diesel fuelControl sulfur-content of diesel fuel
BackgroundBackground As part of the DRRP, ARB recommended As part of the DRRP, ARB recommended
several air toxic control measures (ATCMs)several air toxic control measures (ATCMs) ATCMs already adopted:ATCMs already adopted:
• Transit busesTransit buses• Solid waste collection vehiclesSolid waste collection vehicles• Stationary enginesStationary engines• Portable equipmentPortable equipment• Transportation refrigeration enginesTransportation refrigeration engines• Idling controlsIdling controls• 2007 model year emission standards for 2007 model year emission standards for
heavy-duty trucks and off-road equipmentheavy-duty trucks and off-road equipment• Ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel Ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel
OverviewOverview
At the December 8, 2005 Board At the December 8, 2005 Board hearing, ARB adopted the public fleet hearing, ARB adopted the public fleet ATCMATCM• Continuation of the work directed by the Continuation of the work directed by the
DRRPDRRP• Does not apply to any public vehicles Does not apply to any public vehicles
that were already covered in previous that were already covered in previous ATCMs: ATCMs:
Solid waste collection vehiclesSolid waste collection vehicles Public transit vehicles Public transit vehicles School busesSchool buses
OverviewOverview On-road diesel On-road diesel
heavy-duty vehicles heavy-duty vehicles with a model year with a model year from 1960-2006from 1960-2006
Manufacturer’s Manufacturer’s Gross Vehicle Gross Vehicle Weight greater than Weight greater than 14,000 lbs14,000 lbs
Owned, leased, or Owned, leased, or operated by any operated by any municipality or municipality or utility companyutility company
Regulatory ApproachRegulatory Approach
Requires that the Best Available Requires that the Best Available Control Technology (BACT) be Control Technology (BACT) be installedinstalled
Vehicle-by-vehicle basisVehicle-by-vehicle basis Phased-in compliance schedule Phased-in compliance schedule
based on engine model yearbased on engine model year
BACT DefinitionsBACT Definitions1)1) Replace or repower vehicle with an engine certified Replace or repower vehicle with an engine certified
to the to the new 0.01 g/bhp-hr PM standardnew 0.01 g/bhp-hr PM standard for new for new 2007 model year engines (catch: not available until 2007 model year engines (catch: not available until 2007);2007);
2)2) Replace or repower vehicle with an engine certified Replace or repower vehicle with an engine certified to a to a 0.1 g/bhp-hr standard (1994 and above)0.1 g/bhp-hr standard (1994 and above) AND install the AND install the highest level verified highest level verified Diesel Diesel Emission Control StrategyEmission Control Strategy (DECS) (DECS);;
3)3) Replace or repower vehicle with an Replace or repower vehicle with an alternative-alternative-fuelfuel, heavy-duty pilot-ignition, or , heavy-duty pilot-ignition, or gasoline enginegasoline engine; ; or,or,
4)4) Install the Install the highest level verified DECShighest level verified DECS on an on an existing engine.existing engine.
BACT (Cont’d)BACT (Cont’d)
DECS devices are verified by ARB to one of DECS devices are verified by ARB to one of three levels:three levels:• Level 1 – greater than 25% reductionLevel 1 – greater than 25% reduction• Level 2 – greater than 50% reductionLevel 2 – greater than 50% reduction• Level 3 – greater than 85% reductionLevel 3 – greater than 85% reduction
Responsibility of owner to find highest Responsibility of owner to find highest level of DECS for each enginelevel of DECS for each engine
NoteNote that Level 1 DECS is not allowed on that Level 1 DECS is not allowed on Group 1 engines (1960-1987) Group 1 engines (1960-1987) • except for low population countiesexcept for low population counties
BACT by Yr. and TemperatureBACT by Yr. and Temperature
On-road Engine BACT CoverageToday
Pre-’88 ’91-93’88-90 ’94-02 2007…’03-06
200C
240C
Std DPF
Active DPF’sHorizon or Huss
TAvg. Exh
Low-temp DPF
(Currently Deverified)
Active DPF or L1
Latest Notice from CARB on BACTLatest Notice from CARB on BACT
Make sure you follow Executive Make sure you follow Executive Orders on the CARB Verification pageOrders on the CARB Verification page
Match engine years, manufacturer, &Match engine years, manufacturer, &
engine family number (which can be engine family number (which can be a challenge to find)a challenge to find)
A new statement from CARB has just A new statement from CARB has just been released and listed on the next been released and listed on the next slideslide
Latest Mail out on applying BACTLatest Mail out on applying BACT
DECS installed on inappropriate engines, vehicles, DECS installed on inappropriate engines, vehicles, and/or applications, or operated in a manner that and/or applications, or operated in a manner that is not compliant with the Executive Order are not is not compliant with the Executive Order are not verified configurations. Such configurations will verified configurations. Such configurations will not satisfy the BACT requirement of ARB fleet not satisfy the BACT requirement of ARB fleet rules, and could expose owners of affected rules, and could expose owners of affected vehicles or equipment to potentially significant vehicles or equipment to potentially significant civil penalties and fines. civil penalties and fines.
Go to this website for a complete copy:Go to this website for a complete copy:http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/mailouts/mouts_07.hhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/mailouts/mouts_07.htmtm
))
Engine Near Retirement ExtensionEngine Near Retirement Extension
Retirement:Retirement:• Sale outside of CaliforniaSale outside of California• Scrappage of the engineScrappage of the engine• Conversion to a low-usage vehicleConversion to a low-usage vehicle
If engine is within 1 year of If engine is within 1 year of retirementretirement• Get 1 year extension Get 1 year extension
Early Implementation ExtensionEarly Implementation Extension
Group 1: If BACT is applied to 50% of Group 1: If BACT is applied to 50% of vehicles in this group before Dec 31, vehicles in this group before Dec 31, 2007, then ARB will allow a delay for 2007, then ARB will allow a delay for 100% compliance to Dec 31, 2012100% compliance to Dec 31, 2012
Similar extension for Group 2Similar extension for Group 2
Early Implementation will enable Early Implementation will enable you to plan for retirementyou to plan for retirement
By delaying implementation you can By delaying implementation you can budget to add new 2007 compliant vehiclebudget to add new 2007 compliant vehicle
The new 2007 engine will have an active The new 2007 engine will have an active Diesel particulate FilterDiesel particulate Filter
There will be other changes made to the There will be other changes made to the vehicle. But a vehicle with a 2007 engine vehicle. But a vehicle with a 2007 engine will be compliant in CA. You will still have will be compliant in CA. You will still have to clean the DPF coreto clean the DPF core
DieselDiesel Particulate FilterParticulate Filter
•Passively Regenerating DPF. Temp. sensitive
•Precious metal catalyst on Silicon Carbide (SiC) substrate
•Modular “muffler” style product format
•PM, HC and CO reductions of >85%
What you should be doing now?What you should be doing now?
Use a spreadsheet to separate your Use a spreadsheet to separate your vehicles into Group 1, 2, or 3vehicles into Group 1, 2, or 3
Year of your vehicles, horsepower Year of your vehicles, horsepower and temperature will help determine and temperature will help determine BACTBACT
Data log a percentage of your Data log a percentage of your vehicles. Your emission contractor vehicles. Your emission contractor can complete or buy your own data can complete or buy your own data loggerlogger
What you should be doing now?What you should be doing now?
Data logging results will determine Data logging results will determine whether you will need a passive or active whether you will need a passive or active diesel particulate filterdiesel particulate filter
With this preliminary work done you can With this preliminary work done you can now move forward to order emission now move forward to order emission devices devices
Remember that lead time for delivery of Remember that lead time for delivery of product is running 3-8 weeks today and product is running 3-8 weeks today and could get longer in the futurecould get longer in the future
Horizon™ EPFHorizon™ EPF
Air pump box
Plug & socketThermocouples
Controls box
Exhaust flow
Insulated PM filter
Wiring harness
Electric heaterEngine exhaust inspection port
Backpressure & temp ports
Horizon System Schematic Horizon System Schematic
ElectricHeater Module
Air Pump
System Controls
Grid Power208/240 V
18 Amp Max draw
Exhaust Flow PM Filter
On-boardVehicle
Engine RPM, Boost
Outlet temp
Bac
kpre
ssur
e &
inle
t te
mp
Notification lights
How It Works (Pulsing Flow)How It Works (Pulsing Flow)
Blower provides Blower provides constant low flow for constant low flow for ash entrapmentash entrapment
Air tank builds to ≈10 Air tank builds to ≈10 PSI from shop airPSI from shop air
Diaphragm opens and Diaphragm opens and releases high flow releases high flow pulse (≈ 1 every 20 pulse (≈ 1 every 20 seconds)seconds)
1 cleaning cycle is 15 1 cleaning cycle is 15 minutesminutes
InstallationInstallation Due to its weight, Due to its weight,
additional support brackets additional support brackets may be requiredmay be required
For a direct fit For a direct fit replacement, remove the replacement, remove the original muffler and install original muffler and install the DPF using new clampsthe DPF using new clamps
Depending on the Depending on the temperature trace, temperature trace, wrapping the filter with a wrapping the filter with a heat blanket may be heat blanket may be requiredrequired
If mounted rigidly to the If mounted rigidly to the chassis, use flex before the chassis, use flex before the DPF’s inlet side to isolate DPF’s inlet side to isolate engine vibrationsengine vibrations
Approaches include:Approaches include:• Accelerated turnover to cleaner enginesAccelerated turnover to cleaner engines• Retrofit with BACTRetrofit with BACT• Idling limitationsIdling limitations• Registration, record keeping, reporting, and/or Registration, record keeping, reporting, and/or
inspectionsinspections
Next workshop is coming soonNext workshop is coming soon
Diesel Off-Road EquipmentDiesel Off-Road Equipment
Diesel Off-Road EquipmentDiesel Off-Road Equipment
GroupGroupEngine Engine
Model YearsModel Years
Compliance Phase-in DatesCompliance Phase-in Dates
25%25% 50%50% 75%75% 100%100%
11 Pre-1988Pre-1988 20072007 20082008 20092009 20102010
22 1988-19951988-1995 20082008 20092009 20102010 20112011
33 1996-20021996-2002 20092009 20102010 20112011 20122012
44 2003-20062003-2006 20102010 20112011 20122012 20132013
55 2007-20142007-2014
Model Model Year (MY) Year (MY)
+ 4+ 4 MY + 5MY + 5 MY + 6MY + 6 MY + 7MY + 7
Rule OverviewRule Overview
Fleet Size Fleet Size CategoryCategory
DescriptionDescription Compliance Compliance DatesDates
SmallSmall
<1500 HP & Small business or <1500 HP & Small business or municipality or Low population municipality or Low population county municipality fleetcounty municipality fleet
2015-2025 2015-2025 PM onlyPM only
MediumMedium
1501-5000 HP and not small CA 1501-5000 HP and not small CA state and US Govt.state and US Govt.
2010-20202010-2020
PM & NOxPM & NOx
LargeLarge
5001 HP>, Private Owned5001 HP>, Private Owned 2009-20202009-2020
PM & NOxPM & NOx
Useful WebsitesUseful Websites
Diesel Risk Reduction PlanDiesel Risk Reduction Plan• http://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/dieselrrp.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/dieselrrp.htm
Public FleetsPublic Fleets• http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/publicfleets/publicfleets.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/publicfleets/publicfleets.htm• http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/dpmcm05/dpmcm05.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/dpmcm05/dpmcm05.htm
Off-Road Diesel EquipmentOff-Road Diesel Equipment• http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/ordiesel/ordiesel.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/ordiesel/ordiesel.htm
Off-Road LSI EquipmentOff-Road LSI Equipment• http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/offroad/orspark/orspark.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/offroad/orspark/orspark.htm