English-Kayah Li

Dictionary with Helps

by Khu Hte Reh

The author wishes to thank Payap University and the Payap Linguistics Institute,

Chiang Mai Thailand for sponsoring the English - Kayah Dictionary section of this

book. Payap University is a strong advocate for language communities in

Mainland Southeast Asia. A special thanks to the Payap Language Software

Group (Palaso Group) in the Linguistics Institute for their technical assistance. As

the creators of the WeSay dictionary program, they helped to transfer data,

program the mapping to incorporate the IPA phonetic entry and format the final

typeset copy.

Finally, this dictionary is the result of the efforts of the Kayah Li people

themselves who in recent years have resettled throughout the world. The author

wishes to thank those living in Winston Salem, North Carolina, for their help in

filling in the dictionary gaps and Khu Myar Reh for his help on the grammar

section.

The author wishes to also acknowledge the following helps:

The Modern Kayah Li – English Lexicon, pub. by the Karenni Literature

Department, 1994.

Nolan, Dr. Stephen with assistance from Nyi Nyi Lwin, Pocket Burmese

Dictionary: Burmese-English, English-Burmese, Periplus Editions, 2008.

Introduction

Kayah Li (Red Karen) is a Central Karenic language of the Tibeto Burman Language family. It

is spoken by the Kayah Li people from Myanmar. (Li means "red") The Kayah people live

predominantly in Kayah State, Shan State and along Thailand's northwestern border. In more

recent years, Kayah Li people have been given the opportunity to immigrate all over the world

from New Zealand and Australia to Finland, the USA and other countries. While there is no

recent census data to draw official figures from, an estimate of the Kayah Li speaking population

is over 100,000 people.

While the Kayah language has three dialects, western, eastern and northern, the reality is that

different speech varieties can be found from village to village. One man illustrated the richness

of varieties with some hyperbole, complaining that even in one household, the Kayah spoke

differently from each other.

In the following pages, the English-Kayah Dictionary with Helps is based on the Western Kayah

Li dialect from the Keliya area of Kayah State. The Keliya area might be called the "royal"

dialect or the prestige dialect due to its history as the home of the historically famous Chief

Kephodu. While the population of speakers is small, Chief Kephodu's fame, the prominent

history of the Keliya area, and a decision by the Kayah leadership, have impacted the choice to

base language development on the Western Kayah Li dialect. Furthermore, while there are three

different scripts and fonts used by the Kayah people, the author has chosen to use the Kebogyi

Script, developed by Thara Hta Bu Phae in the 1950s. It is the most accessible and familiar to

the Kayah who are living outside the homeland area.

The Dictionary and Helps are written with three audiences in mind. The first is the Kayah

people themselves who are interested in learning English and need resources or help to

understand a word in English. The second audience is the non-linguist who has an interest or

need to communicate with the Kayah. Whether they are a volunteer, case-worker helping the

Kayah in their resettlement to a third country or just a friend interested to learn to speak Kayah,

the author hopes they will find this resource helpful. The third audience is the linguist who

would like to understand more about the Kayah language sound system along with some

descriptive examples of its grammatical functions. That said, in order to make the Helps

accessable to a wider audience, I have intentionally sought to explain the linguistic aspects in an

easier to understand format.

The reader will surely find mistakes within the pages of this first edition. Despite this, the author

trusts that this will be a helpful foundation for the Kayah Li people to use as they develop

resources in their language.

The reader will find the following resources within this publication:

Structure of an Entry

Kayah Li Sound System Inventory

Special Features of Kayah Li

English - Kayah Dictionary

Appendix:

Guide to Kayah Li Language Sounds

Helpful Phrases Quick List

Grammatical Helps

More on the Kayah Li Sound System

Structure of an Entry:

To help the reader, here is an example of how dictionary entries are structured:

amazed adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤘꤢ / ʂɛ˦plɔ˨du˨/ lit. big heart der: ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤓꤛꤢ

Entry Part of

Speech

Kayah Gloss Pronunciation context/lit.

meaning

Derivatives/Other

Variations

angry adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤘꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨du˨/ lit. big heart ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤓꤛꤢ

Additional Phrases/Verb Phrases: Following an entry, additional phrases using the English

entry word may be included as sub-entries. Further, in order to demonstrate the productive verb

phrase in Kayah Li, the verb entry may also include serial verb sub-entries.

Here is an example of serial verb sub-entries following the verb 'come':

come v ꤟꤛꤢ /hja˧/ come and ask ꤟꤛꤢꤊꤝꤤ come change ꤟꤛꤢꤓꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ come see ꤟꤛꤢꤗꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ come take back ꤟꤛꤢꤖꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢ come take down ꤟꤛꤢꤖꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ

Kayah Li Sound System Inventory In the Western Kayah Li national script there are 24 consonants and 9 vowels (plus 9 breathy vowels), 1

diphthong and 3 tones. Each Kayah Li letter below is followed by it's corresponding sound according to

the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).

CONSONANTS

Kayah IPA Kayah IPA Kayah IPA

ꤊ = /k/ ꤒ = /t/ ꤚ = /r/

ꤋ = /kʰ/ ꤓ = /tʰ/ ꤛ = /j/

ꤌ = /g/ ꤔ = /n/ ꤜ = /l/

ꤍ = /ŋ/ ꤕ = /p/ ꤝ = /w/

ꤎ = /s/ ꤖ = /pʰ/ ꤞ = /ʂ/

ꤏ = /sʰ/ ꤗ = /m/ ꤟ = /h/

ꤐ = /z/ ꤘ = /d/ ꤠ = /v/

ꤑ = /ɲ/ ꤙ = /b/ ꤡ = /ʤ/

VOWELS

ꤢ = /a/ ꤥ = /o/ ꤢ = /u/

ꤣ = /ә/ ꤢ = /ɯ/ ꤢ = /e/

ꤤ = /i/ ꤢ = /ɛ/ ꤢ = /ɔ/

Each of the vowels can also occur with a breathy feature (marked in IPA by two dots below the vowel i.e. e)

DIPTHONG (incl. breathy) ꤛꤣ = /ɯә/

ꤟꤌꤣ = / ɯә/

TONES

- = low¹ ˨

- = mid³ ˧

- = mid-high ˦

SPECIAL FEATURES of Kayah Li:

1. Kayah is a TONAL language. English speakers are not familiar with tone but it makes a huge

difference to the meaning of a word. Two or three words may be spelled exactly the same but have

different meanings depending on whether the syllable has a low tone (1), mid tone (

3) or high tone (not

marked with a number).

¹Low tone: adjust your voice downward when you say the word

³Mid Tone: adjust your voice at a mid range

High Tone: adjust your voice at slightly higher than the mid

Does it sound hard? It is! Practice the following examples with a Kayah speaker and see if you can hear

the difference between the tones:

2. Breathiness: written with two dots under the vowel /a- / breathiness is a feature in the Western dialect

of the Kayah language and can result in two words that are spelled the same having different meanings.

The breathy word may sound a bit heavier to your ear. In other dialects of Kayah (northern, eastern),

breathiness is not a factor but because the script is written based on the Western dialect, the spellings of

words will contain breathiness. Compare the following examples:

English Word Phonetic Kayah

husband vɛ¹ ꤠꤢ

bamboo vɛ-¹ ꤠꤟꤢ

letter li¹ ꤜꤤ

the color red li -¹ ꤜꤟꤤ

English Word Phonetic Kayah

climb tʰya¹ ꤓꤛꤢ

sharp tʰya³ ꤓꤛꤢ

pig tʰya ꤓꤛꤢ

sour shyay¹ ꤏꤛꤢ

chicken shyay³ ꤏꤛꤢ

ten shyay ꤏꤛꤢ

A a

a little bit phr ꤒꤢꤊꤤꤖꤢ /ta˨ki˨pʰu˦/ phr ꤙꤢꤗꤢ /bɛ˨mɛ˦/

a lot adv ꤢ /ɛ˦/a short while ago pron ꤕꤟꤢꤔꤢ /pa˦ nu˨/abandon v ꤘꤛꤢꤊꤛꤢ /dja˨kja˧/; to put and leave

there v ꤠꤤꤊꤛꤢ /vi˧kja˧/; to throw away

abdomen n ꤟꤢꤊꤢ /hɔ˦ku˧/; belly; der. ꤟꤢ

abdominal pain n ꤏꤢꤟꤢ /sʰɛ˧hɔ˦/ v ꤏꤢꤟꤢ /sʰɛ˧hɔ˦/

ability n ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤘꤢ /tɛ˨ ʤja˦ tɛ ˨ dɛ˨/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤘꤢ

able adj ꤡꤟꤛꤢ /ʤja˦ /; can, able or learned; der. ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤙꤢ v ꤕꤢ /pe˦/; can; able

abomination n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤤꤐꤟꤢꤏꤤꤚꤟꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ʃi˦zɔ˦ ʃi˦rja˧ /; disgusting thing

aborted v ꤖꤢꤜꤢꤜꤝꤥ /pʰu˦la˨lwo˦/; miscarried

abounding adj ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤢꤒꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢ /ta˧ pɔ˨ta˧ pɛ˧ /about prep ꤢꤚꤤꤢꤊꤛꤢ /a˨ri˨a˨kja˧/ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤚꤤꤒꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ri˨tɛ˨ kja˧/; the details relating to adv ꤙꤢꤊꤛꤢꤔꤢ /bɛ˨kja˦na˦/

about to phr ꤊꤟꤢꤚꤟꤢ /kɯ˦re˦ /above prep ꤢꤋꤢ /a˨kʰu˨/above the head phr ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢꤓꤢ /kʰu˨klɔ˦tʰɛ˦/abscess n ꤠꤢꤓꤢ /va˧tʰe˨/; der. ꤓꤢꤞꤤꤓꤢꤠꤢ

absent adj ꤥꤒꤥ /o˨to˨/abyss n ꤊꤚꤢ /krɔ˧/; der. ꤊꤚꤢꤊꤢꤐꤟꤢ n

ꤗꤤꤕꤟꤥꤘꤢꤊꤢ /mi˨po˨du˨ku˧/accept v ꤐꤟꤢꤢꤖꤛꤢꤏꤢ /zɯ˦e˨pʰje˦sʰɯ˨/ v

ꤐꤟꤢꤢꤖꤛꤢꤏꤢ /zɯ˦e˨pʰje˦sʰɯ˨/accompany v ꤡꤛꤣꤚꤟꤥ /dʒɯᵊ˦ro˦/; go together

according to phr ꤡꤟꤢ /dʒu˦/account n ꤚꤢꤒꤟꤢꤚꤢ /rɯ˧tɛ˨ ra˧/

accurate adj ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ta˧ te˨ /; careful

accusation n ꤜꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢ /le˦ dja˨tɛ˨ ʂɯ˦/written charge n ꤜꤤꤘꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢ

/li˨dja˨tɛ˨ ʂɯ˦/accuse v ꤊꤢ /kɛ˨/; der. ꤕꤟꤢꤊꤢꤕꤟꤢꤔꤢ v ꤔꤢ

/nɛ˧ ka˨ kʰje˧/; der. ꤔꤢꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ v ꤘꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢ

/dja˨tɛ˨ ʂɯ˦/; der. ꤙꤢꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢ

falsely accuse v ꤊꤢꤙꤢꤊꤢꤙꤛꤢ /kɛ˨bɔ˧kɛ˨bje˨/accustomed adj ꤜꤟꤢꤊꤜꤥ ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /le˦ klo˧

me˨ pa˨nɯᵊ/; accustomed to doing adj ꤔꤢꤕꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /nɔ˧pa˨nɯᵊ˦/

ache v ꤏꤢ /sʰɛ˧/; der. ꤏꤢꤊꤚꤝꤤꤏꤢꤊꤚꤝꤥ

acne n ꤖꤢꤞꤢꤕꤚꤟꤛꤢ /pʰɔ˧ʂɯ˦prje˧ /across prep ꤙꤢꤚꤟꤢ /bɛ˦rɛ˧ /; across from

act v ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /me˨ tɛ˨ /; to do something

act brave phr ꤋꤢꤟꤢꤐꤢ /kʰɯ˧ha˧zɔ˦/; put on a brave face

act dead phr ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤞꤛꤢ /dʒje˦ ʂje˧/actually adv ꤊꤤꤟꤢꤜꤢꤊꤥꤗꤢ /ki˨he˦la˨ko˧ma˨/; if

you want to say truthfully

Adam's apple n ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤔꤤ /kja˧ ni˧/add v ꤏꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤕꤟꤥ /sʰu˨nɯᵊ˧po˦/; put more in v

ꤜꤟꤤꤕꤜꤢꤘꤛꤢꤗꤢ /li ˨ plɔ˨dja˦ma˨/; to add numbers

address n ꤥꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ /o˨kʰa˧le˦ /adequate adj ꤜꤣꤙꤢ /lə˦ba˧/adjust v ꤤꤠꤟꤤꤒꤥ /i˨vi ˧ to˧/; adjust the machine

admit v ꤕꤜꤝꤥꤔꤟꤌꤣ /plwo˧nɯᵊ˧/; allow to enter; der. ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤔꤟꤤ; ꤘꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ

adolescent adj ꤖꤢꤞꤢ ꤟꤤꤒꤥ /pʰu˦ʂɛ˨ hi˦to˨/adopt v ꤤꤔꤟꤤꤙꤟꤌꤣꤔꤟꤤ /i˦ni ˦ bɯᵊ˨ni ˦ /adorn v ꤒꤢꤚꤤꤏꤢꤏꤢ /ta˨ri˨sʰu˨sʰɛ˦/

2

adult n ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤘꤢ /ka˨ja˧du˨/adultery n ꤞꤢꤢꤗꤢ /ʂɯ˦u˧me˧/; wrong one's wife;

der. ꤞꤢꤢꤠꤟꤢ

adverb n ꤍꤟꤥꤗꤟꤢꤙꤢ /ŋo˦me˨ ba˧/; word that completes

advice n ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤑꤢ /tɛ˨ dʒja˨tɛ˨ ɲa˨/; counsel

advise v ꤘꤛꤢꤡꤛꤢ /dje˦dʒja˨/; to give advice

adviser n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢꤡꤛꤢ /prɛ˨ dje˦dʒja˨/; counselor

affirmative adj ꤢ /ɔ˨/; to answer "yes"

afraid v ꤞꤢꤤꤏꤢ /ʂɛ˦i˨sʰe˧/; der. ꤞꤢꤏꤢ

Africa n ꤢꤠꤖꤚꤤꤊꤢ /a˨fri˦ka˦/after prep -ꤋꤛꤢ /-kʰje˧/; der. ꤘꤣꤋꤛꤢ adv ꤔꤥ

/no˨/; afterwards; later; der. ꤢꤔꤥ

afternoon n ꤗꤟꤢꤊꤝꤟꤤꤜꤟꤛꤢ /mɔ˦ kwi ˦ lja˨ /; 1:00-2:00 PM n ꤗꤟꤢꤓꤟꤌꤣ /mɔ˦tʰɯᵊ˨/

afterwards n ꤏꤛꤢꤔꤥꤋꤛꤢ /ʃje˦no˨kʰje˧/; der. ꤘꤣꤔꤥꤘꤣꤋꤛꤢ

again adv ꤋꤛꤢꤞꤛꤢ /kʰje˧ʂja˦/; der. ꤋꤛꤢꤞꤛꤢꤕꤟꤥ

again and again phr ꤒꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣꤓꤛꤣ ꤒꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣ /tə˨pʰɯᵊtʰɯᵊ˧ tə˨pʰɯᵊ/; one time after another

against prep ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢꤊꤢ /me˨ ta˨kɛ˨/; on purpose

age n -ꤒꤣꤓꤢ /-tə˨tʰɯ˧/; generation n ꤔꤢ /na˨/; age (how many years are you)

agree v ꤏꤢꤒꤥ /sʰu˨to˧/; der. ꤏꤢꤊꤢ;

ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤏꤢꤒꤥ ꤞꤛꤣꤓꤛꤢꤏꤢꤙꤢ v ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤒꤥ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨to˧/ v ꤡꤟꤢ /ʤṳ˧/; agree or obey

agree together phr ꤡꤟꤢ ꤋꤛꤢꤜꤢ /dʒu˧ kʰje˧lu˧/; agree with each other; der. ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤒꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣ

agreeable adj ꤢꤒꤥꤢꤙꤢ /a˨to˧a˨bɛ˨/agriculture n ꤤꤏꤢꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /i˨sʰɔ˦e˨lja˦ /ahead adj ꤚꤟꤢ /re˦ /aim v ꤐꤢ /ze˨/

air n ꤊꤟꤢꤜꤢꤞꤢ /ke˦ la˨ʂɛ˦/airplane n ꤊꤟꤌꤣꤞꤢꤖꤢ /kɯᵊ˧ʂɔ˨pʰɔ˧/; der.

ꤟꤌꤣꤞꤢꤖꤢ

ajinomoto (msg) n ꤤꤞꤝꤤꤞꤥꤚꤥꤗꤢ /i˨ʂwi˦ʂo˧ro˧mɯ˨/; mono sodium glutamate

alcohol n ꤓꤛꤢꤏꤤꤕꤚꤟꤢ /tʰje˧ʃi˧pre˦ /alert adj ꤥꤞꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /o˨ʂa˧klja˧/; der. ꤞꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ

alien n ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢꤖꤢ /ke˦ klɔ˧pʰu˦/; person from outside the country

alive adj ꤥꤓꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ /o˨tʰwo˧prɛ˨ /; der. ꤓꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ

all pron ꤜꤟꤢ /lɔ˧ /; der. ꤜꤟꤢꤕꤜꤤ; ꤜꤟꤢꤊꤚꤛꤢ pron ꤜꤢꤟꤛꤢ /la˨hja˧/; used in reference with people pron ꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢ /lɔ˧ ʂu˨lɔ˧ ʂɛ˦/

all day phr ꤒꤣꤑꤢꤗꤟꤢꤟꤢ /tə˨ɲe˧mɔ˦ he˦/all gone phr ꤢꤜꤟꤢꤟꤢ /a˨lɔ˧ hɔ˦/allegiance v ꤐꤟꤢꤑꤟꤢ /zɯ˦ɲa˦ /allergic adj ꤚꤟꤢꤒꤥ /rɛ˧ to˨/allergy (food) v ꤢꤞꤢꤏꤢ /e˨ʂɯ˦sʰɛ˨/; eat-wrong-

food

alliance n ꤋꤥꤞꤛꤥ /kʰo˧ʂwo˦/; friends

allocate v ꤙꤢꤕꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /be˧pe˦ ta˧ /; divide up

allow v ꤕꤜꤝꤥ /plwo˧/allow to be free phr ꤕꤜꤝꤥꤕꤢꤜꤢ

/plwo˧pa˨la˧/allow to come phr ꤕꤜꤝꤥꤟꤛꤢ /plwo˧hja˧/allow to do phr ꤕꤜꤝꤥꤗꤟꤢ /plwo˧me˨ /allow to enter phr ꤕꤜꤝꤥꤔꤟꤌꤣ /plwo˧nɯᵊ˧/allow to go phr ꤕꤜꤝꤥꤡꤛꤣ /plwo˧ʤɯᵊ/allow to leave phr ꤕꤜꤝꤥꤓꤢꤡꤛꤣ

/plwo˧tʰe˨ʤɯᵊ/allow to return phr ꤕꤜꤝꤥꤊꤟꤢ /plwo˧ka˨ /allow to see phr ꤕꤜꤝꤥꤗꤛꤢ /plwo˧mja˦/

almost adv ꤊꤟꤢꤚꤟꤢ /kɯ˦re˦ /; about to happen adv ꤖꤢꤟꤛꤢꤟꤢ /pʰɯ˨hja˧hɔ˦/; close to arriving

3

adv ꤒꤢꤜꤤ /ta˨li˦/; almost to

almost right (correct) phr ꤖꤢꤒꤥ /pʰɯ˨to˧/; der. ꤖꤢꤒꤥꤒꤢꤜꤤ

alone adv ꤒꤢꤘꤢ /tɯ˦dɯ˨/; der. ꤥꤒꤢꤘꤢ; ꤘꤢ

along prep ꤚꤝꤥ /rwo˦/; along the side of; der. ꤥꤚꤝꤥ n ꤋꤢꤕꤚꤤ /kʰu˨pri˧/; along side?

alphabet n ꤜꤟꤤꤕꤜꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣ /li ˨ plɔ˨mɯᵊ˦/already adv ꤟꤢ /hɔ˦/also adv ꤊꤟꤌꤣ /kɯᵊ˧/altar n ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤢꤒꤛꤢꤚꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ lu˧tja˧rɛ˦ /; offering

shelf; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤢꤚꤟꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤢꤚꤟꤢꤓꤢ

alum n ꤜꤟꤢꤏꤛꤢ /lɔ˦ ʃje˨/always adv ꤕꤝꤟꤥ꤮ ꤒꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣ /pwo˧tə˨pʰɯᵊ˦/;

der. ꤕꤝꤟꤥꤖꤟꤌꤣ

am v ꤗꤢ /ma˨/; verb "to be"

amazed adj ꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢ /kʰje˦ʂu˨kʰje˦ʂɛ˦/ adj ꤓꤢꤙꤤꤓꤢꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢ /tʰe˨bi˦tʰe˨ta˨pa˨ /; shocked; der. ꤓꤢꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢ; ꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢ

America n ꤢꤗꤢꤚꤤꤊꤢꤊꤟꤢ /a˨me˨ri˦ka˨ke˦ /amniotic fluid n ꤖꤢꤓꤛꤢ /pʰu˦tʰje˧/among prep ꤊꤜꤢ /klɛ˧/; der. ꤢꤊꤜꤢ; ꤢꤊꤜꤢ

amount n ꤒꤟꤥ /to˦/ n ꤙꤢꤔꤛꤣ /ba˦nɯᵊ˨/ancestors n ꤗꤟꤌꤣꤖꤢꤖꤛꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣ ꤘꤣ꤮ ꤑꤢꤔꤢ

/mɯᵊ˦pʰɛ˧pʰje˧pʰɯᵊ˧ də˦ŋje˦nu˨/; parents and grandparents from the past

anchor n ꤜꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣ ꤞꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤘꤢ /le˦ me˨ o˨kɯᵊ˦ ʂɔ˨klje˧du˨/; that which causes the ship to stop

and conj ꤔꤢ /na˦/; joins two clauses conj ꤚꤢ /rɔ˦/and then phr ꤓꤛꤣꤚꤢ /thɯᵊ˧˧ ˧rɔ˦/anemia n ꤞꤝꤤꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢ /ʂwi˨hɛ˧dʒɛ˦/; lit. weak

blood

angel n ꤗꤟꤢꤋꤢꤒꤢꤔꤢꤖꤢ /mɔ˦ kʰu˨ta˨ne˦pʰu˦/; der. ꤒꤢꤔꤢꤖꤢ; ꤒꤢꤔꤢꤗꤟꤢꤋꤢꤖꤢ

anger v ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤘꤢ /me˨ ʂɛ˦plɔ˨du˨/ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤘꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦plɔ˨du˨/

angry adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤘꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨du˨/; lit. big heart; der. ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤓꤛꤢ

animal n ꤒꤟꤢꤖꤢꤒꤟꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ pʰu˦tɛ˨ lje˨ /ankle n ꤋꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣ ꤒꤢꤚꤢ /kʰa˧dɯᵊ˨ ta˨ra˧/ n

ꤋꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣ ꤏꤛꤢꤘꤛꤢ /kʰa˧dɯᵊ˨ ʃje˧dje˨/; the bumps on the side of the ankle; der. ꤋꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣ ꤗꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ

anoint v ꤕꤜꤟꤢ /plɔ˦ /; der. ꤕꤜꤟꤢ ꤔꤢ ꤓꤢꤓꤛꤢ

another adj ꤕꤟꤥ /po˦/ adj ꤢꤚꤟꤌꤣ /a˨rɯᵊ˨/; another one; other

answer v ꤟꤢꤏꤢ /he˦ʃɯ˨/; reply; der. ꤟꤢꤏꤥꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤏꤢ

ant n ꤒꤟꤢ /tɔ˦ /anus n ꤋꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢꤊꤢ /kʰa˧plje˦ku˧/anxiety n ꤒꤟꤢꤙꤢꤐꤟꤢꤙꤢꤞꤤ /tɛ˨ bɛ˨zɔ˨ bɛ˨ʂi˨/ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤊꤟꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ku˦tɛ˨ kja˧ /anxious adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤊꤟꤢ ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤊꤟꤛꤢ

/ʂɛ˦plɔ˨kṳ˦ ʂɛ˦plɔ˨kja˧ /; worried heart; der. ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤛꤢ; ꤙꤢꤊꤟꤢꤙꤢꤊꤟꤛꤢ v ꤙꤢꤐꤟꤢꤙꤢꤞꤤ /bɛ˨zɔ˨ bɛ˨ʂi˨/

anyone pron ꤢꤕꤢ ꤙꤢꤙꤢ /u˧pe˧ bɛ˨bɛ˨/; whoever

anytime adv ꤙꤤꤋꤢꤒꤢ꤮ ꤙꤢꤙꤢ /bi˦kʰɛ˧te˧ bɛ˨bɛ˨/; whenever

anywhere adv ꤙꤤꤒꤢ꤮ ꤒꤣꤖꤥ ꤙꤢꤙꤢ /bi˦te˧ tə˨pʰo˨ bɛ˨bɛ˨/; wherever

apologize v ꤊꤝꤤꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢ /kwi˧ʂɛ˦zɔ˨ /apostle n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤘꤣꤑꤢꤖꤢ /prɛ˨ də˨ɲa˧pʰu˦/apparition n ꤜꤟꤌꤣꤒꤢꤕꤚꤟꤛꤢ /lɯᵊ˧ta˨prja˨ /;

ghost

appeal n ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤝꤤꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ kwi˧ʂɛ˦zɔ˨ /; asking for mercy

appear v ꤥꤜꤟꤌꤣꤓꤛꤢ /o˨lɯᵊ˧tʰja˨/; der. ꤥꤜꤟꤌꤣ; ꤥꤓꤛꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ

appendix n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤒꤢꤔꤢ /pra˧ ta˨nɛ˦/; body part

appetite n ꤢꤠꤤꤥꤏꤢ /e˨vi˨o˧sʰɯ˧/apple n ꤖꤥꤞꤢ /pʰo˧ʂɛ˨/

4

appoint v ꤔꤝꤥꤓꤛꤢ /nwo˦tʰja˨/; der. ꤔꤝꤥ

appointment n ꤒꤟꤢꤔꤝꤥꤓꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ nwo˦tʰja˨/; the choosing of someone

approach v ꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤌꤣꤖꤢꤟꤢ /hja˧tɯᵊ˦pʰɯ˨hɔ˦/; to come arrive close to; der. ꤟꤛꤢꤖꤢ

aqueduct n ꤜꤟꤛꤢ /lja˧ /; dry river bed

aramanthus n ꤤꤊꤜꤟꤢꤜꤢ /i˨klɯ˨lɛ˨/; herb

arch n ꤋꤛꤢꤘꤛꤢꤋꤢ /kʰja˨dja˦kʰu˨/; foot

are v ꤗꤢ /ma˨/argue v ꤊꤚꤢꤊꤚꤟꤛꤢ /kre˦krja˦ /; der. ꤊꤚꤢ;

ꤊꤚꤟꤛꤢꤏꤢ; ꤊꤚꤢꤊꤚꤟꤛꤢꤏꤢ; ꤊꤜꤛꤢ; ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤏꤢ; ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤜꤢ v ꤊꤚꤢꤞꤛꤢꤊꤚꤢꤥ /kre˦ʂje˧kre˦o˨/; argue strongly and insistently

argument n ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤚꤢꤒꤟꤢꤊꤚꤟꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ kre˦tɛ˨ krja˦ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤚꤢꤊꤚꤟꤛꤢ

arm n ꤕꤜꤢ /pla˧/; der. ꤒꤢꤊꤟꤛꤢ

armadillo n ꤐꤟꤢ /zu˨/armpit n ꤕꤜꤢꤜꤟꤢ /pla˧le˧ /; der. ꤕꤜꤢꤜꤟꤢꤏꤢ

army n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤊꤜꤥ /klje˧klo˧/army unit n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤗꤟꤢꤘꤢ /klje˧mṳ˨du˨/aroma n ꤒꤟꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤗꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤏꤢ

/tɛ˨ nɯᵊ˨mɯ˦nɯᵊ˨sʰɯ˧/around adv ꤒꤢꤠꤤꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ /ta˨vi˧ta˨va˨ /; der.

ꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ; ꤥꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ; ꤥꤒꤢꤠꤤꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ adv -ꤠꤟꤢ /-vɔ˨ /; to go around; der. ꤡꤛꤣꤠꤟꤢ adv

ꤒꤢꤚꤤꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ /ta˨ri˦ta˨va˨ /; to turn around adv

ꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ /ta˨vɯ˨/arrange v ꤒꤢꤚꤤꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢ /ta˨ri˨ta˨rja˧/; prepare

arrest v ꤕꤟꤢ /pɯ˦/arrive v ꤒꤟꤌꤣ /tɯᵊ/; der. ꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤌꤣ; ꤊꤟꤢꤒꤟꤌꤣ

not arrive to phr ꤒꤟꤌꤣꤒꤥ /tɯᵊto˨/; not reach

unreachable adj ꤒꤟꤌꤣꤓꤝꤟꤥꤙꤢ ꤒꤥ /tɯᵊtʰwo˦bɛ˦ to˨/

arrogance v ꤖꤛꤢꤘꤢꤖꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /pʰje˦du˨pʰje˦tʰja˨lɯᵊ˧/; show arrogance

arrogant n ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤖꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤗꤢꤓꤛꤢꤖꤥ ꤢꤔꤟꤢ /ka˨ja˧ pʰje˦tʰja˨mɔ˦tʰja˨pʰo˨ a˨ne˦ /

arrow n ꤕꤜꤢ /plɛ˦/artery n ꤞꤝꤤꤊꤜꤥ /ʂwi˨klo˧/; vein; blood vessel

arthritis n ꤗꤟꤢꤓꤢꤛꤛꤢ /ma˧ tʰɯ˧zja˦/artist n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤚꤢꤐꤟꤢꤐꤟꤥ /prɛ˨ ra˧za˨ zo˨/;

person who draws pictures

as adv ꤖꤢ /pʰu˦/; like

as much as adv ꤥꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ /o˨ɛ˦krɯ˨/as usual phr ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤚꤢ /tɔ˧ prɛ˦/ascend v ꤓꤛꤢ /tʰja˨/; der. ꤊꤢꤓꤛꤢ

ascend and enter phr ꤓꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /tʰja˨nɯᵊ˧/ascend and ride phr ꤓꤛꤢꤏꤤꤘꤛꤢ /tʰja˨ʃi˨dja˦/ascend and rule phr ꤓꤛꤢꤕꤣ /tʰja˨pə˦/ascend and sit phr ꤓꤛꤢꤥꤔꤛꤢ /tʰja˨o˨nja˧/ascend and stay phr ꤓꤛꤢꤥ /tʰja˨o˨/ascend quickly phr ꤓꤛꤢꤏꤛꤥ /tʰja˨ʃjo˨/

ashamed adj ꤞꤢꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦ta˨rɛ˧ /; shy; der. ꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ

ashes n ꤊꤢꤖꤢ /kɔ˦pʰɛ˨/; der. ꤊꤢꤖꤢꤋꤢ;

ꤊꤢꤖꤢꤗꤢꤋꤢ n ꤗꤤꤤ /mi˨i˨/Asia n ꤢꤏꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢ /a˨ʃja˦ke˦ /Asians n ꤢꤏꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢꤖꤢ /a˨ʃja˦ke˦ pʰu˦/aside adv ꤒꤢꤖꤢꤡꤛꤣꤋꤥꤊꤛꤢ

/ta˨pʰa˧ʤɯᵊkʰo˦kja˧/ask v ꤊꤝꤤ /kwi˧/; request; der. ꤊꤝꤤꤓꤛꤢ v

ꤏꤢꤘꤛꤢ /sʰu˨dja˧/; ask as a question; der. ꤏꤢꤘꤝꤥ

ask-test-examine v ꤏꤢꤘꤛꤢꤏꤢꤡꤟꤢ /sʰu˨dja˧sʰu˨ʤe˨ /; der. ꤏꤢꤘꤛꤢ

asleep v ꤥꤗꤛꤢꤔꤟꤤ /o˨mje˧ni ˦ /; der. ꤥꤗꤛꤢꤔꤟꤤ

ꤏꤥꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢ

assemble v ꤡꤝꤤꤕꤜꤢꤓꤢꤕꤜꤢ; pull together the people; der. ꤓꤢꤡꤢ

assert v ꤟꤢꤏꤢꤊꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣ /he˦sʰɔ˧ka˨dɯᵊ/

5

assign v ꤘꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /dja˨ta˧ /; put down

asthma n ꤗꤢꤊꤚꤥ /mu˨kro˨/at prep ꤘꤣ /də˦/at least phr ꤕꤢꤒꤤꤒꤢꤘꤢ /pa˨ti˦ta˨dɯ˨/at once phr ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤌꤣꤒꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢ /ta˨plə˦ta˨plje˧/at that time (future) phr ꤙꤤꤔꤛꤣꤋꤢꤕꤟꤢ

/bi˦nɯᵊ˨kʰɛ˧pa˧ /at the foot of prep ꤋꤢꤛꤥ /kʰa˨jo˦/attack v ꤏꤢꤏꤢ /sʰa˦ʃɯ˨/; to fight against

attentive adj ꤙꤢꤞꤢꤙꤢꤞꤢ /be˨ʂu˨be˨ʂɛ˦/aunt n ꤗꤟꤌꤣꤘꤢ /mɯᵊ˦du˨/authority n ꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢꤏꤛꤥꤏꤢ /ta˨rje˧ʃwo˨sʰɔ˧/;

der. ꤐꤢꤕꤚꤟꤥ

avoid v ꤡꤛꤣꤠꤟꤢ /ʤɯᵊvɔ˨ /; to go around v ꤘꤟꤌꤣ

/dɯᵊ˨/; to fast from (i.e. food) v ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤕꤜꤝꤥ /dʒje˦ plwo˦/; avoid work v ꤚꤟꤢ /rɔ˨ /

awaken v ꤓꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢꤊꤢꤓꤢ /tʰu˨rja˧ ka˨tʰɔ˨/; der. ꤓꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ; ꤓꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢꤤꤓꤢ

award n ꤏꤛꤢꤐꤟꤢ /ʃje˧zu˦/ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤔꤟꤤꤋꤝꤥꤊꤢ /tɛ˨ ˨˨me˨ ni ˦ kʰwo˦kɛ˨/; payment for work

away from phr ꤥꤒꤢꤖꤢ /o˨ta˨pʰa˧/; der. ꤥꤒꤢꤖꤢꤐꤛꤢ; ꤒꤢꤖꤢꤊꤛꤢ; ꤒꤢꤖꤢꤡꤛꤣꤋꤥꤊꤛꤢ

ax n ꤊꤝꤥ /kwo˧/axle n ꤤꤊꤢ /i˨kɛ˨/

6

B b

baby n ꤖꤢꤕꤢꤒꤤ /pʰu˦pa˨ti˦/; child; der. ꤕꤢꤡꤟꤢꤕꤢꤒꤤꤖꤢ

back n ꤑꤟꤢ /ɲa˦ /; upper back of body; der. ꤑꤟꤢꤋꤢ adv ꤜꤟꤛꤢ /lje˧ /; to do something back to in response; der. ꤜꤟꤛꤢ ꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ prep ꤘꤣ ꤋꤛꤢ /də˦ kʰje˧/; in back; behind

back and forth phr ꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤟꤛꤢꤑꤢ /ka˨ kʰje˧hja˧ɲe˧/; physically but also with the meaning of changing your mind phr ꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤟꤛꤢꤑꤢ /ka˨ kʰje˧hja˧ɲe˧/; physical movement as well as changing your mind

back to life phr ꤓꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ /tʰwo˧prɛ˨ ka˨ /; back to life from death

backwards adv ꤞꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ /ʂje˦ka˨ kʰje˧/; walk backwards adv ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤝꤤ /ta˨klwi˦/; opposite

bad adj ꤢꤚꤛꤢꤒꤥ /a˨rja˦to˨/; not good; der. ꤚꤛꤢꤒꤥ

bag n ꤕꤟꤛꤢ /pje˧ /; der. ꤕꤟꤛꤢꤟꤥ

bail v ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤤ /me˨ ʂi˦/; to bail water

bait n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢ /tɛ˧ sʰɛ˨/; fish food

balance n ꤡꤝꤟꤢ /dʒwɛ˦ /; weight

balcony n ꤜꤢꤊꤢ /la˦kɯ˨/bald adj ꤗꤟꤢꤓꤢꤘꤢ /ma˧ tʰɛ˦dɛ˧/ball n ꤖꤢꤒꤢꤜꤢ /pʰa˦ta˨lu˧/; for playing n

ꤋꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤒꤢꤥ /kʰa˧nɯᵊ˨ta˨o˧/; the ball of the foot

ballot n ꤗꤟꤢ /mɛ˦ /bamboo n ꤠꤢ /vɛ˨/; der. ꤠꤢꤞꤢ

bamboo cluster n ꤠꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ /vɛ˨krɔ˨ /bamboo pole/stick n ꤠꤢꤜꤟꤢ /vɛ˨la˧ /bamboo shoot n ꤤꤙꤛꤢ /i˨bja˨/bamboo that holds curry n ꤤꤞꤝꤤꤗꤛꤢ

/i˨ʂwi˦mja˧/bamboo ties n ꤞꤢꤞꤢ /ʂu˨ʂɛ˧/; used to tie

bamboo together

banain n ꤊꤜꤢꤞꤢ /klɔ˨ʂɛ˨/; fruit

banana n ꤘꤤꤊꤜꤝꤤꤞꤢ /di˧klwi˧ʂɛ˨/; der. ꤘꤤꤊꤜꤝꤤꤍꤝꤟꤢꤞꤢ

banana tree n ꤍꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢ /ŋɛ˧ mɔ˦ /band n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤢꤒꤟꤢꤟꤌꤣ /tɛ˨ dɔ˨tɛ˨ ɯᵊ˦/; music

band

bank n ꤋꤥꤋꤢ /kʰo˧kʰu˨/; river bank n

ꤜꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢꤕꤜꤢꤚꤢ /le˧ dja˨plɔ˦rɯ˧/; der. ꤙꤢ

banyan tree n ꤊꤜꤢꤗꤟꤢ /klɔ˨mɔ˦ /; der. ꤊꤜꤢꤞꤢ

baptism n ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤜꤝꤥꤓꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ plwo˧tʰje˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ

Baptist n ꤙꤛꤢꤋꤛꤢ /bja˧kʰja˨/baptize v ꤕꤜꤝꤥꤓꤛꤢ /plwo˧tʰje˧/; der. ꤡꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ

baptizer n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤜꤝꤥꤓꤛꤢ /prɛ˨ plwo˧tʰje˧/; person that baptizes

barbecue v ꤤꤏꤢꤢ /i˨sʰɯ˦e˨/barber n ꤜꤟꤢꤡꤤ ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ ꤊꤜꤢ; place for

cutting hair

barefoot adj ꤋꤢꤘꤛꤢꤖꤢ ꤕꤢꤒꤥ /kʰu˨dja˦pʰa˦ pa˧to˨/

bark v ꤢ /ɔ˨/; the dog barks n ꤞꤢꤖꤢ /ʂɔ˨pʰa˦/; tree bark

barley n ꤙꤟꤌꤣꤙꤢꤜꤟꤤ /bɯᵊba˨li ˨ /; der. ꤞꤝꤤ

barn n ꤡꤛꤢ /ʤja˧/; silo; place for storing food; der. ꤙꤟꤌꤣꤡꤛꤢ

barrack n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤟꤤꤚꤟꤢ /klje˧hi˨ra˦ /; soldier's house

barrel n ꤏꤤꤑꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢ /ʃi˦ɲa˨ klu˧/; barrel of gun n ꤕꤢ /pu˧/

barren adj ꤏꤥꤖꤢ /sʰo˧pʰu˦/; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤢꤏꤥꤖꤢ

barrette n ꤋꤢꤏꤛꤢꤘꤢ /kʰu˨ʃja˦du˨/basic adj ꤋꤢꤏꤛꤢ /kʰa˧ʃje˦/; der.

ꤋꤢꤏꤛꤢꤋꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢ

basil n ꤜꤟꤢꤠꤟꤛꤢꤜꤢ /lɔ˦ vja˨ lɛ˨/

7

basket n ꤊꤚꤟꤤ /kri ˦ /; with head strap n ꤞꤢ /ʂu˨/ n ꤏꤛꤢꤓꤢ /ʃje˧tʰɔ˧/; used to cover chickens n

ꤖꤢꤕꤛꤢ /pʰɔ˦pje˨/; basket for fish n

ꤜꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢ /le˦ dʒɔ˧/bat n ꤕꤜꤢ /plɛ˦/; the animal; der. ꤕꤜꤢꤗꤢꤊꤢ

bathe v ꤤꤜꤟꤌꤣꤕꤜꤤꤤꤜꤟꤌꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣ /i˨lɯᵊpli˧i˨lɯᵊpʰɯᵊ/ v ꤤꤜꤟꤌꤣꤓꤛꤢ /i˨lɯᵊtʰje˧/

bathroom n ꤏꤢꤟꤢꤕꤟꤥ /sʰɛ˧hɔ˦po˨/battalion n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤒꤣꤚꤤ /klje˧tə˨ri˦/; 1000

soldiers; der. ꤙꤢꤡꤢ

batter v ꤜꤢꤞꤢꤏꤢ /la˨ʂɛ˦sʰɔ˧/; when the wind blows strongly against

battery n ꤙꤢꤓꤚꤟꤤ /bɛ˨tʰri ˨ /; borrowed word from English

battle v ꤏꤢꤒꤟꤢ /sʰa˦tɛ˨ /; to fight

bay n ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /ta˨nɔ˧ nɯᵊ˧/be careful phr ꤚꤟꤢ /rɔ˨ /; guard against; der.

ꤚꤟꤢꤔꤟꤤ

Be quiet! phr ꤞꤛꤣꤞꤛꤣ꤮ ꤥꤗꤛꤢ꤮ /ʂɯᵊ˨ʂɯᵊ˨ o˨mja˦/

be with v ꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣ /o˨kɯᵊ˧/beach n ꤓꤛꤢꤘꤢꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢꤓꤢ /tʰje˧du˨ta˨va˨ tʰɯ˧/;

shore; der. ꤓꤛꤢꤓꤢ n ꤕꤢꤜꤢꤓꤢ /pa˧lɛ˧tʰɯ˧/; ocean shore

beak (bird) n ꤓꤢꤋꤢꤢ /tʰu˨kʰa˧u˨/bean n ꤊꤢꤙꤤꤕꤜꤢ /kɔ˨bi˧plɔ˨/bear v ꤥꤋꤛꤢ /o˨kʰja˧/; able to suffer or withstand

n ꤓꤢ /tʰe˧/; the animal; der. ꤓꤢꤜꤢꤞꤢ

bear fruit phr ꤞꤢꤓꤛꤢꤖꤥꤓꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˨tʰja˨pʰo˧tʰja˨/; der. ꤞꤢꤓꤛꤢ; ꤞꤢꤓꤢ

bear in mind phr ꤞꤢꤑꤢꤞꤢꤔꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦ŋe˧ʂɛ˦ne˦ /beard n ꤋꤢꤏꤢ /kʰɛ˨ʃɯ˨/; chin hair

bearing n ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤙꤢꤒꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ kʰja˦bɛ˦tɛ˨ /; able to bear something; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤙꤢ

beat v ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢ /mɯ˧pɔ˨ /; to hit; punch; der. ꤗꤟꤢ; ꤗꤟꤢꤓꤢ v ꤕꤜꤤꤏꤢ /pli˦sʰɛ˧/; to spank v

ꤘꤢ /dɔ˨/; beat a drum; (also strum a guitar or play piano) v ꤕꤢ /pe˦/; to win

beat to death phr ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢ /mɯ˧ʂje˧/beating n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ mɯ˧tɛ˨ pɔ˨ /beautiful adj ꤒꤝꤟꤥ /two˦/; pretty

beautify v ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤝꤟꤥ /me˨ two˦/beauty n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤝꤟꤥꤒꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ two˦tɛ˨ rja˦/;

pretty and good

because conj ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢꤟꤢꤚꤢ /me˨ te˧he˦rɔ˦/; der. ꤗꤢꤒꤢꤟꤢꤚꤢ; ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢꤟꤢꤔꤛꤣꤗꤢ; ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢꤟꤢꤔꤛꤣꤚꤢ; ꤗꤢꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢꤟꤢꤚꤢ conj ꤢꤋꤢꤢꤋꤛꤢ /a˨kʰu˨a˨kʰje˧/; therefore: for that reason; der. ꤋꤢꤋꤛꤢ

become v ꤓꤝꤟꤥꤓꤛꤢ /tʰwo˧tʰja˨/; der. ꤓꤝꤟꤥ v

ꤥꤓꤛꤢ /o˨tʰja˨/; to happen

bed n ꤜꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢ /le˦ mje˧/; der. ꤜꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤚꤟꤢ;

ꤋꤢꤚꤟꤢ

bed bug n ꤒꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ /ta˨kre˨ /bedroom n ꤜꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤚꤥ /le˦ mje˧ro˧/bee n ꤠꤛꤢ /vja˦/; der. ꤘꤤꤍꤢ n ꤕꤜꤢ /plɯ˧/;

ground bee n ꤒꤢꤔꤤ /ta˨ni˧/; der. ꤒꤢꤋꤝꤥ

beef n ꤕꤟꤢꤐꤛꤢ /pu˦zje˨/; der. ꤕꤟꤢꤛꤛꤢ

beehive n ꤒꤢꤔꤤꤕꤜꤟꤌꤣ /ta˨ni˧plɯᵊ˨/; bee's nest

beer n ꤙꤤꤛꤢ /bi˨ja˨/; borrowed word from English

beet (sugar) n ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤢꤏꤢ /ta˨plɛ˨ʃɯ˧/beetle n ꤕꤟꤢꤤꤊꤚꤟꤢ /pu˦i˨krɛ˦ /before prep ꤒꤛꤢꤟꤤꤒꤥ /tja˨hi˦to˨/; der. ꤒꤛꤢꤟꤤ;

ꤒꤛꤢꤟꤤꤙꤤ prep ꤑꤢꤟꤛꤢ /ɲe˧hja˧/; in front of

beforehand adv ꤥꤔꤟꤢ /o˨ne˨ /; der. ꤔꤢ

befriend v ꤙꤢꤞꤛꤥꤔꤟꤤ /bɔ˦ʂjo˦ni ˦ /; to become friends with

beg v ꤊꤝꤤꤒꤢꤘꤢ /kwi˧ta˨dɯ˨/beggar n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤊꤝꤤꤢꤏꤢ /prɛ˨ kwi˧e˨sʰɛ˨/

8

begin v ꤡꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ʤa˦tʰja˨/; der. ꤡꤢ unknown -ꤜꤢ

/-lu˦/; first

beginning prep ꤊꤢꤜꤢꤋꤢ /ka˨lu˦kʰɛ˧/; der. ꤜꤢ;

ꤊꤢꤜꤢ; ꤋꤢꤏꤛꤢ

behave adv ꤞꤢꤚꤛꤢ /ʂa˧rja˧/; der. ꤞꤢꤚꤛꤢꤏꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ; ꤥꤓꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ ꤞꤢꤚꤛꤢ ꤚꤛꤢ

behavior n ꤒꤟꤢꤥꤞꤢꤚꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ o˨ʂa˧rja˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤥꤞꤢꤚꤛꤢꤏꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ n ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤞꤛꤣꤓꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨ʂɯᵊ˨tʰje˦/ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤢꤓꤢꤥꤔꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ka˨tʰɔ˨o˨nja˧/behind adv ꤋꤛꤢ /kʰje˧/; der. ꤋꤛꤢꤋꤢ; ꤘꤣ ꤋꤛꤢ

belief n ꤒꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢꤢ /tɛ˨ zɯ˦e˨/believe v ꤐꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤑꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ /zɯ˦ka˨ ɲa˦ ka˨ /; der.

ꤐꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ; ꤐꤟꤢꤢꤑꤟꤢꤢ

incorrect thinking or belief phr ꤒꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢꤢꤞꤢ

/tɛ˨ zɯ˦e˨ʂɯ˦/believer n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢꤢꤑꤟꤢꤢꤒꤟꤢ

/prɛ˨ zɯ˦e˨ɲa˦ e˨tɛ˨ /; Christian term for someone who believes; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢꤢ; ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢꤢꤒꤟꤢ; ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢꤢꤑꤟꤢꤢꤖꤢ; ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢꤢꤒꤟꤢꤖꤢ; ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤑꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ; ꤐꤟꤢꤢꤒꤟꤢꤖꤢ

bell n ꤜꤢꤓꤢꤞꤢ /la˨tʰa˦ʂɛ˨/belly n ꤟꤢꤊꤢ /hɔ˦ku˧/; abdomen

belly button n ꤘꤤꤙꤥ /di˧bo˧/; navel

below prep ꤢꤜꤟꤢ /a˨lɛ˧ /; der. -ꤜꤟꤢ

belt n ꤑꤟꤢꤓꤢ /ɲa˦ tʰa˦/; der. ꤑꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢꤗꤢꤑꤟꤢꤓꤢ n ꤑꤟꤢꤓꤢ /ɲa˦ tʰɔ˦/; der. ꤑꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢꤗꤢꤑꤟꤢꤓꤢ

bench n ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /kʰu˨klja˦/; chair

bend down phr ꤍꤟꤢꤒꤢꤊꤢ /ŋɔ˨ ta˨kɔ˨/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤍꤟꤢ phr ꤐꤢ /zɔ˦/; pull down; der. ꤐꤢꤊꤟꤢ

beneath prep ꤢꤜꤟꤢ /a˨lɛ˧ /; der. -ꤜꤟꤢ

benefit n ꤙꤝꤤꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢ /bwi˦ta˨rje˧/bent adj ꤊꤟꤢꤒꤢꤍꤟꤢ /kɔ˦ ta˨ŋɛ˨ /; to have a bent

back adj ꤒꤢꤊꤟꤢ /ta˨ka˨ /; curved

beseech v ꤊꤝꤤꤒꤢꤘꤢ /kwi˧ta˨dɯ˨/beside prep ꤋꤢꤏꤛꤢ /kʰa˧ʃje˦/; next to

best adj ꤚꤛꤢꤊꤜꤢꤜꤣ /rja˦klɔ˧lə˦/; der. ꤚꤛꤢꤜꤣ

good n ꤒꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ rja˦/ adj ꤢꤚꤛꤢ /a˨rja˦/; der. -ꤚꤛꤢ; ꤚꤛꤢꤚꤛꤢꤘꤢꤘꤢ adj ꤢꤒꤝꤟꤥ ꤗꤟꤥꤚꤛꤢ /a˨two˦ mo˨rja˦/; der. ꤢꤒꤝꤟꤥꤢꤚꤛꤢ adj ꤢꤏꤛꤣ /a˨ʃɯᵊ˧/; good seed; der. ꤢꤏꤛꤣꤚꤛꤢ

bet v ꤙꤛꤢ /bja˧/; gamble; der. ꤙꤛꤢꤢ v ꤙꤢ /bɔ˦/; der. ꤙꤢ ꤜꤢꤟꤛꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤙꤛꤢꤙꤝꤤ

betel nut n ꤗꤢꤞꤢ /mɛ˦ʂɛ˨/; der. ꤕꤢꤜꤢ

betray v ꤤꤏꤢꤞꤛꤢ /i˨sʰɛ˧ʂje˧/; sell to be killed; der. ꤤꤏꤢꤢ ꤢꤗꤝꤟꤤ

betrayer n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤤꤏꤢꤒꤟꤢ /prɛ˨ i˨sʰɛ˧ta˧ kja˧/betroth v ꤘꤝꤥ ꤖꤢꤠꤟꤢ /dwo˦ pʰu˦vɛ˨ /; der.

ꤟꤛꤢꤘꤝꤥꤜꤢꤕꤚꤢ

betrothal n ꤏꤥꤗꤟꤢꤏꤥꤘꤛꤢ /sʰo˧mɛ˧ sʰo˧dja˨/; der. ꤘꤝꤥ ꤖꤢꤠꤟꤢ

better adv ꤚꤛꤢꤊꤜꤢ /rja˦klɔ˧/; more good; der. ꤢꤚꤛꤢꤜꤣ; ꤚꤛꤢꤜꤣꤘꤢꤒꤢꤊꤤ adv ꤗꤟꤥꤜꤣ /mo˨ lə˦/; more happy or well

even better adj ꤚꤛꤢꤊꤜꤢꤕꤟꤥ /rja˦klɔ˧po˦ /good n ꤒꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ rja˦/ adj ꤢꤚꤛꤢ /a˨rja˦/;

der. -ꤚꤛꤢ; ꤚꤛꤢꤚꤛꤢꤘꤢꤘꤢ adj ꤢꤒꤝꤟꤥ ꤗꤟꤥꤚꤛꤢ /a˨two˦ mo˨rja˦/; der. ꤢꤒꤝꤟꤥꤢꤚꤛꤢ adj ꤢꤏꤛꤣ /a˨ʃɯᵊ˧/; good seed; der. ꤢꤏꤛꤣꤚꤛꤢ

between prep ꤢꤕꤜꤢꤊꤢ /a˨plɛ˨ku˧/; der. ꤕꤜꤢ

beware v ꤚꤟꤢꤔꤟꤤ /rɔ˨ ni ˦ /; be on your guard v

ꤥꤚꤟꤢꤥꤚꤟꤛꤢ /o˨rɔ˨ o˨rhje˧/; on guard

beyond prep ꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥꤊꤛꤢ /ta˨lwo˦kja˧/; der. ꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥ

Bible n ꤜꤤꤡꤢꤏꤢ /li˨ʤa˧sʰɛ˧/; holy book

biceps n ꤒꤢꤊꤟꤛꤢꤕꤜꤢ /ta˨kja˧ plɔ˨/; arm muscles

bicycle n ꤜꤟꤥꤤꤐꤟꤤ /lo˦i˨zi ˦ /big adj -ꤘꤢ /du˨/; der. ꤢꤘꤢ

bigger adj ꤘꤢꤜꤣ /du˨lə˦/

9

bile n ꤞꤛꤣꤓꤛꤢ /ʂɯᵊ˨tʰje˧/billow v ꤒꤢꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ta˨ɔ˧tʰja˨/; der. ꤗꤤꤋꤟꤌꤣ

ꤒꤢꤢꤓꤛꤢ

bind v ꤡꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢꤗꤢ /ʤɔ˧klɔ˨ ma˨/; der. ꤡꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢ

bird n ꤓꤢꤖꤢꤐꤟꤌꤣꤖꤢ /tʰu˨pʰu˦zɯᵊpʰu˦/; der. ꤓꤢ; ꤓꤢꤖꤢ

birth n ꤒꤟꤢꤥꤕꤢꤡꤟꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ o˨pa˨ʤɛ˦ lja˨ / v

ꤥꤕꤢꤡꤟꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /o˨pa˨ʤɛ˦ lja˨ /; der. ꤘꤛꤢꤥꤖꤢ; ꤖꤢꤥꤟꤢꤏꤢ

about to give birth phr ꤖꤢꤥ ꤒꤢꤜꤤꤟꤢ /pʰuo˨ ta˨li˦hɔ˦/

birthday n ꤥꤕꤢꤡꤟꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ ꤗꤟꤢꤔꤛꤢ /o˨pa˨ʤɛ˦ lja˨ mɔ˦ nje˧/

birthing v ꤖꤢꤥꤟꤢꤏꤢ /pʰu˦o˨hɔ˦sʰɛ˧/birthplace n ꤜꤟꤢꤥꤕꤢꤡꤟꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ

/le˦ o˨pa˨dʒɛlja˨ /bite v ꤢꤟꤢ /a˨ / v ꤤꤖꤌꤣ /i˨pʰə˧/; snake bite v

bitter adj ꤋꤢ /kʰɛ˨/; bitter taste; der. ꤢꤋꤢ n

bitterness n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤏꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦plɔ˨sʰɛ˧/; bitterness of the heart n ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢ /te,˨kʰɛ˨/; bitter taste

black adj ꤜꤟꤢ /lɔ˦ /; der. ꤢꤜꤟꤢ

black fly n ꤖꤟꤌꤣꤞꤢ /pʰɯᵊ˧ʂa˦/blackboard n ꤜꤟꤢꤙꤢꤘꤢ /lɔ˦ ba˨du˨/; chalkboard

bladder n ꤏꤛꤢꤖꤥ /ʃje˨pʰo˨/blame v ꤘꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢ /dja˨tɛ˨ ʂɯ˦/; place the

sin/blame v ꤊꤢ /kɛ˨/; to accuse

blanket n ꤤꤊꤟꤢ /i˨kɛ˧ /; der. ꤟꤤꤊꤟꤢ

blaspheme v ꤟꤢꤞꤢ /he˦ʂɯ˦/; speak wrongly about God or others; der. ꤟꤢꤞꤢꤟꤢꤖꤛꤢ

blaze v ꤚꤢꤓꤥꤓꤛꤢ /ra˨tʰo˧tʰja˨/; der. ꤚꤢꤓꤥꤘꤢ

bleed n ꤞꤝꤤꤒꤟꤢꤗꤢ /ʂwi˨ta˧ mɛ˦/; when drops of blood come down; der. ꤞꤝꤤꤓꤢ

blend adv ꤏꤤꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ʃi˧lja˦ /bless v ꤏꤢꤚꤤꤏꤢꤙꤢ /sʰɔ˧ri˨sʰɔ˧bu˧/; der. ꤏꤢꤚꤤ

blessing n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢꤚꤤꤏꤢꤙꤢ /tɛ˨ sʰɔ˧ri˨sʰɔ˧bu˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢꤚꤤ

blind adj ꤗꤢꤞꤢꤋꤤ /mɛ˨ʂɛ˨kʰi˦/; der. ꤗꤢꤞꤢꤜꤢ n

ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤗꤢꤞꤢꤋꤤ /ka˨ja˧ mɛ˨ʂɛ˨kʰi˦/; person who is blind

block v ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /me˨ ta˧ tɯ˧/; prevent

blood n ꤞꤝꤤꤓꤛꤢ /ʂwi˨tʰje˧/; der. ꤞꤝꤤ

blood pressure (high) n ꤞꤝꤤꤓꤛꤢ /ʂwi˨tʰja˨/blood vessel n ꤞꤝꤤꤊꤜꤥ /ʂwi˨klo˧/; vein; artery

blossom v ꤖꤢꤓꤛꤢꤖꤥꤓꤛꤢ /pʰɛ˦tʰja˨pʰo˧tʰja˨/; grow; der. ꤞꤢꤓꤛꤢ v ꤖꤥꤓꤢ /pʰo˧tʰe˨/

blow v ꤢꤟꤌꤣ /ɯᵊ˦/; i.e. blow a trumpet; der. ꤢꤟꤌꤣꤓꤛꤢ v ꤜꤢꤞꤢꤡꤛꤣ /la˨ʂɛ˦ʤɯ˦/; the wind blows; der. ꤜꤢꤜꤛꤢ v ꤊꤟꤌꤣ /kɯᵊ˧/; blow away; der. ꤊꤟꤌꤣꤊꤛꤢ v ꤟꤤꤋꤢꤤ /hi˧kʰa˧i˨/; blow nose

blow up v ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢ /me˨ pɔ˨ /; explode

blue adj ꤢꤒꤢꤖꤢ /a˨ta˨pʰɛ˨/blunt adj ꤢꤘꤢ /a˨dɯ˧/boa constrictor n ꤚꤟꤢꤒꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ru˦ta˨lja˦ /boar n ꤓꤛꤢꤖꤢꤏꤤꤘꤛꤢ /tʰja˦pʰɛ˧ʃi˧dje˨/; der.

ꤓꤛꤢꤗꤟꤤ

board serial verb ꤡꤛꤣꤔꤟꤌꤣ ꤏꤤꤘꤛꤢ /dʒɯ˦nɯᵊ˧ ʃi˨dja˦/; get on and ride; der. ꤓꤛꤢ ꤏꤤꤘꤛꤢ n

ꤞꤢꤙꤛꤢ /ʂɔ˨bje˨/; plank; flat piece of wood

boast v ꤟꤢꤙꤢ ꤓꤛꤢꤗꤢꤓꤛꤢꤖꤥ /he˦bɛ˨ tʰja˨mɔ˦tʰja˨pʰo˨/; der. ꤓꤛꤢꤜꤣꤓꤛꤢꤗꤢ;

ꤖꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤗꤢꤓꤛꤢꤖꤥ ꤢꤔꤟꤢ

boasting n ꤒꤟꤢꤖꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤗꤢꤓꤛꤢꤖꤥ /tɛ˨ pʰje˦tʰja˨mɔ˦tʰja˨pʰo˨/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤖꤛꤢꤘꤢꤖꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤜꤣ

boat n ꤞꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /ʂɔ˨klje˧/; der. ꤞꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤖꤢ

bobby pin n ꤋꤢꤏꤛꤢꤖꤢ /kʰu˨ʃja˦pʰu˦/bodice n ꤡꤟꤢꤖꤢꤊꤢ /dʒa˨pʰu˦kɔ˧/body n ꤔꤟꤢ /ne˦ /; der. ꤔꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢ unknown

ꤔꤟꤢꤜꤟꤥ /ne˦ lo˨/; on the body

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finger n ꤊꤢꤔꤢ /ka˨nɔ˧/finger (middle) n ꤊꤢꤔꤢꤊꤜꤢꤗꤢ

/ka˨nɔ˧kla˧me˧/finger (ring) n ꤊꤢꤔꤢꤒꤢꤕꤜꤥ /ka˨nɔ˧ta˨plo˦/;

der. ꤊꤢꤔꤢꤘꤢꤐꤟꤢ

boil v ꤙꤢ /bɔ˦/; der. ꤙꤢꤟꤢ; ꤖꤥꤙꤢ v ꤜꤝꤥ /lwo˦/ v ꤗꤤꤓꤢꤗꤤꤊꤟꤢ /mi˧tʰɔ˧mi˧kɔ˨ /

bold adj ꤋꤢꤟꤢ /kʰɯ˧ha˧/; der. ꤟꤢꤙꤢꤋꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢꤟꤢ

bolt v ꤜꤝꤟꤥꤗꤢ /lwo˧ma˨/; bolt the door

bomber n ꤊꤟꤌꤣꤞꤢꤖꤢ ꤏꤢꤒꤟꤢ /kɯᵊ˧ʂɔ˨pʰɔ˧ sʰa˦tɛ˨ /; fighting plane

bone n ꤊꤚꤝꤤꤊꤚꤝꤥ /krwi˦krwo˦/; der. ꤊꤚꤝꤤ

skeleton n ꤊꤚꤝꤤꤕꤜꤢ /krwi˦plɔ˦/booger n ꤋꤢꤤꤊꤚꤢ /kʰa˧i˨kra˧/; dried nose mucus

book n ꤜꤤꤢ /li˨u˦/booklet n ꤜꤤꤢꤖꤢ /li˨u˦pʰu˦/boots n ꤋꤢꤘꤛꤢꤖꤢ ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤝꤥ /kʰu˨dja˦pʰa˦

ta˨plwo˦/; der. ꤋꤢꤖꤢꤒꤢꤕꤜꤝꤥ

border n ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤢ /ke˦ kɯ˧/; der. ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤢꤕꤜꤢ

bore v ꤊꤤ /ki˧/; press into with a pointed tool

bored adj ꤞꤢꤒꤢꤊꤜꤢ /sɛ˦ta˨kle˧/; see lazy

boredom n ꤊꤜꤢꤍꤝꤢ /klu˨ŋwɛ˧/born v ꤥꤕꤢꤡꤟꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /o˨pa˨ʤɛ˦ lhja˨/; der. ꤥꤓꤢ

borrow v ꤖꤛꤢꤊꤟꤌꤣ /pʰje˦kɯᵊ/; borrow for a little while v ꤖꤛꤢꤙꤢ /pʰje˦bɔ˨/; borrow money; der. ꤊꤝꤤꤙꤢꤊꤝꤤꤜꤟꤥ

boss n ꤘꤢꤋꤢ; der. ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤘꤢ; ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢꤘꤢ

both pron ꤞꤢꤔꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˦nje˧/bother v ꤗꤟꤢꤘꤤꤘꤛꤢ /me˨ di˦dja˧/; der.

ꤗꤟꤢꤘꤤꤘꤢꤘꤤꤘꤛꤢ v ꤗꤟꤢꤏꤢꤏꤢ /me˨ sʰu˦sʰa˦/

bothersome adj ꤏꤢꤏꤢ /sʰu˦sʰa˦/bottle n ꤊꤢ /kɔ˧/

bottom n -ꤜꤟꤢ /-lɛ˧ /; under n ꤋꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢ /kʰa˧plje˦/; buttocks

bounce v ꤔꤝꤟꤢ /nwɛ˦ /; bounce with feet

bow v ꤘꤢꤍꤟꤢ /da˦ŋɯ˨/; with your body; der. ꤘꤢꤍꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ; ꤘꤢꤍꤟꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ v ꤍꤟꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ŋɔ˨ lja˨ /; bow your head; der. ꤍꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ;

ꤒꤟꤢꤍꤟꤢ; ꤍꤟꤢꤒꤢꤊꤜꤝꤤ

bow down and pray phr ꤘꤢꤍꤟꤢꤡꤢꤙꤢ /da˦ŋɯ˨ʤɔ˦bɛ˧/; der. ꤘꤢꤍꤟꤢꤡꤢꤙꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ

bowl n ꤙꤢꤜꤟꤢ /be˧lɔ˦ /box n ꤒꤣ /tə˦/boy n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤢ /prɛ˦ kʰu˨/boyfriend n ꤋꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤢ /kʰo˧prɛ˨ kʰu˧/bra n ꤡꤟꤢꤟꤢꤊꤢ /dʒa˨ hɔ˦ku˧/; der. ꤡꤟꤢꤖꤢ

bracelet n ꤒꤢꤊꤟꤛꤢꤙꤥ /ta˨kja˧ bo˧/brag v ꤟꤢꤙꤢ ꤓꤛꤢꤗꤢꤓꤛꤢꤖꤥ /he˦bɛ˨

tʰja˨mɔ˦tʰja˨pʰo˨/; der. ꤓꤛꤢꤜꤣꤓꤛꤢꤗꤢ

braid v ꤤꤞꤛꤢꤤꤊꤟꤤ /i˨ʂje˨i˨ki ˦ / v ꤤꤠꤟꤤ /i˨vi ˧ /; to braid a rope

brain n ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢꤔꤟꤢ /kʰu˨klɔ˦nɔ˧ /brake v ꤤꤐꤟꤤ ꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣ /i˨zi ˦ o˨kɯᵊ˦/branch n ꤞꤢꤖꤛꤢ /ʂɔ˨pʰja˧/; tree branch; der.

ꤞꤢꤖꤛꤢꤖꤢ; ꤖꤛꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢ

brass n ꤒꤢꤜꤤꤙꤛꤢ /ta˨li˧bja˧/brave adj ꤋꤢꤟꤢ /kʰɯ˧ha˧/bread n ꤋꤢꤗꤢ /kʰɔ˦mu˧/break v ꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣ /o˨kɯᵊ/; pause; rest; der.

ꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣꤞꤢꤙꤢ v ꤗꤟꤢ ꤜꤢꤊꤟꤢ /me˨ la˨kɛ˦ /; to break; der. ꤘꤢꤊꤟꤢ v ꤤꤙꤤꤗꤢ /i˨bi˨mɯ˨/; break apart using two hands (i.e. bread)

break out phr ꤓꤢꤞꤤꤓꤢꤠꤢ /tʰe˨ʂi˦tʰe˨va˧/; with sores

breakable adj ꤕꤛꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢ /pje˦ʤja˦ /; able to be destroyed or broken adj ꤜꤢꤊꤟꤢꤐꤢ /la˨kɛ˦ zu˧/; easy to break; fragile

breakfast n ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤤ ꤏꤢꤢ /mɔ˦ li˧ sʰɛ˨e˨/; morning food

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breast n ꤔꤟꤌꤣ /nɯᵊ˦/breastplate n ꤡꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤓꤢ /ʤa˨ tɔ˦ tʰɛ˦/; metal

shirt

breathe v ꤞꤢ /ʂɛ˦/; der. ꤞꤢꤓꤢꤞꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ; ꤞꤢꤓꤛꤢ

unable to breath phr ꤊꤟꤢꤜꤢꤞꤢꤒꤟꤢꤙꤤ /ke˦ la˨ʂɛ˦tɯ˧bi˦/

breathing n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤞꤢꤓꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦nɯᵊ˧ʂɛ˦tʰe˨/

bride n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤥꤗꤟꤢ ꤗꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣ /prɛ˨ kʰo˧mɛ˧ mɔ˨mɯᵊ/

bridegroom n ꤋꤥꤗꤟꤢꤋꤢꤖꤢ /kʰo˧mɛ˧ kʰu˧pʰɛ˧/bridge n ꤋꤥ /kʰo˦/; a place for crossing

briefly adj ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤟꤣꤖꤢ /ta˨plə˨ pʰu˦/; der. ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤟꤣꤒꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢꤖꤢ;ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤟꤣꤒꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢ adj

bright v ꤜꤤꤒꤢꤋꤢꤚꤢꤏꤥ /li˧ta˨kʰɛ˧ra˨sʰo˧/brightness n ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤤꤒꤢꤋꤢ /tɛ˨ li˧ta˨kʰɛ˧/brilliance n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤋꤢꤚꤢꤏꤥ /tɛ˨ ta˨kʰɛ˧ra˨sʰo˧/bring v ꤖꤛꤢꤟꤛꤢ /pʰje˦hja˧/; take it and come;

der. ꤐꤟꤢꤟꤛꤢ

bring back phr ꤡꤝꤤꤊꤟꤢ /ʤwi˨ka˨ /; to physically bring back

bring in phr ꤖꤛꤢꤟꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /pʰje˦hja˧nɯᵊ˧/; take it and come in

Britain n ꤊꤢꤜꤢꤊꤟꤢ /ku˧la˧ke˦ /British n ꤊꤢꤜꤢ /ku˧la˧/; der. ꤊꤢꤜꤢꤖꤢ

brittle adj ꤊꤚꤢ /kru˦/; trees, branches, etc.

broad adj ꤜꤟꤛꤢ /lja˦ /; der. ꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ

broke adj ꤕꤛꤢ /pje˦/; destroyed adj ꤜꤢꤊꤟꤢ /la˨kɛ˦ /; broken bone

broken adj ꤢꤜꤢꤊꤟꤢ /a˨la˨kɛ˦ /; der. ꤊꤚꤝꤤ

ꤜꤢꤊꤟꤢ adj ꤖꤢꤊꤛꤢ /pʰɛ˦kja˧/; to break or split apart

bronze n ꤒꤢꤜꤤꤙꤛꤢ /ta˨li˧bja˧/brook n ꤓꤛꤢꤊꤜꤥꤖꤢ /tʰje˧klo˧pʰu˦/; stream

broom n ꤤꤘꤢ /i˨du˧/; der. ꤤꤘꤢꤞꤢ

brother (older) n ꤠꤟꤛꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤢ /vja˦ prɛ˨ kʰu˧/brother (younger) n ꤕꤟꤌꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤢ

/pɯᵊ˦prɛ˨ kʰu˧/brother-in-law n ꤋꤤ /kʰi˧/; term for brother-in-

law who is the opposite sex from yourself n ꤔꤢ /na˨/; term for brother-in-law when your in-law is also male

brothers n ꤕꤟꤌꤣꤠꤟꤛꤢ /pɯᵊ˦vja˦ /; siblings (male or female)

brothers and sisters phr ꤕꤟꤌꤣꤠꤟꤛꤢ /pɯᵊ˦vja˦ /brown adj ꤢ /ɔ˦/; der. ꤢꤊꤚꤢ; ꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢ

brush v ꤋꤝꤤ ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /kʰwi˦ kʰu˨lɯᵊ˨/; to brush hair n ꤜꤟꤢꤋꤝꤤ ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /le˦ kʰwi˦ kʰu˨lɯᵊ˨/; brush for hair v ꤓꤢ /tʰɯ˦/; to brush (i.e. paint)

brutal (person) n ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤟꤢ ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤊꤢꤊꤢ /ka˨ja˧ha˧ ka˨ja˧ka˧kɛ˨/

buck n ꤊꤚꤢꤖꤢ /krɔ˦pʰɛ˧/bucket n ꤓꤛꤢꤕꤢ /tʰje˧pu˦/buckle n ꤏꤢꤓꤢ /sʰu˨tʰɔ˧/; belt buckle

buddha n ꤡꤟꤢꤙꤝꤤ /dʒɔ˦ bwi˦/; der. ꤙꤟꤥꤘꤟꤢ

Buddhist n ꤡꤢꤙꤢ ꤡꤟꤢꤙꤝꤤ /dʒɔ˦bɛ˧ dʒɔ˦ bwi˦/; worships Buddhist

Buddhist monastery n ꤡꤟꤢꤙꤝꤤꤟꤥ /dʒɔ˦bwi˦ho˧/

buffalo n ꤕꤢꤔꤟꤢ /pa˨nɛ˦ /; water buffalo; der. ꤕꤢꤔꤟꤢꤗꤟꤤ

buffet v ꤏꤢꤏꤢ /sʰa˦sʰɯ˨/; by the wind

bug n ꤞꤤ /ʂi˦/ n ꤒꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ /ta˨kre˨ /; bed bug

bugle n ꤤꤊꤟꤥ /i˨ko˦/; made with a buffalo's horn

build v ꤤꤏꤢ /i˨sʰɔ˦/; der. ꤤꤏꤢꤥ; ꤤꤏꤢꤓꤛꤢ;

ꤤꤏꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ v ꤡꤢ /dʒɔ˦/ v ꤗꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ /me˨ tʰja˨/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤘꤢꤓꤛꤢꤓꤢꤓꤛꤢ

builder n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤏꤢꤟꤤ /prɛ˨ sʰɔ˦hi˨/; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤏꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤟꤤ

bull n ꤕꤟꤢꤖꤢ /pu˦pʰɛ˧/; male cow

12

bullet n ꤏꤤꤑꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢ /ʃi˦ɳa˨ plɔ˨/bump n ꤒꤢꤔꤢ /ta˨nu˨/; raised area

burden n ꤒꤟꤢꤠꤤꤒꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ vi˦tɛ˨ za˦ /; der. ꤤꤐꤟꤢ v ꤗꤟꤢꤓꤌꤣꤗꤟꤢꤑꤢ /me˨ tʰɯᵊ˨me˨ ɲe˦/

burglars n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢꤖꤢ ꤛꤢꤕꤜꤢꤖꤢ ꤢ /prɛ˨ pɯ˦pʰe˨ jɛ˦plɛ˦pʰe˨ u˧/

Burma n ꤗꤟꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢ /mja˨ ke˦ /Burman n ꤗꤟꤛꤢꤜꤟꤢ /mja˨ lɔ˨ /Burmese n ꤗꤟꤛꤢꤍꤟꤥ /mja˨ ŋo˦/; the language

burn v ꤤꤏꤢꤢ /i˨sʰɯ˦ɯ˧/; der. ꤢ; ꤏꤢꤢ;

ꤏꤢꤊꤟꤛꤢ; ꤏꤢꤢ n ꤗꤤꤜꤢꤢ /mi˨la˦ɯ˧/ v

ꤗꤤꤜꤝꤥ /mi˨lwo˦/; to get burned; der. ꤗꤤꤢ

burp v ꤕꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣ /pa˨ɯᵊ˧/; der. ꤏꤤꤕꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣ

burst v ꤖꤢꤕꤛꤢꤊꤛꤢ /pʰɛ˦pje˦kja˧/; burst and broken v ꤕꤟꤢꤕꤚꤌꤣ /pɔ˦ prə˦/

bury v ꤤꤜꤟꤌꤣ /i˨lɯᵊ/; to bury a person; der. ꤤꤜꤟꤌꤣꤔꤟꤌꤣ v ꤏꤢꤕꤜꤢ /sʰɔ˦plɯ˧/; plant by burying

bus n ꤜꤟꤥꤙꤢ /lo˦ba˦/bus station n ꤜꤟꤢꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣ ꤜꤟꤥꤙꤢ ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ

/le˦ o˨kɯᵊ˦ lo˦ba˦ kʰa˨le˦ /bus stop n ꤜꤟꤥꤙꤢ ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ ꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣ /lo˦ba˦

kʰa˧le˦ o˨kɯᵊ˦/bush n ꤡꤟꤢꤡꤟꤌꤣ /ʤa˧ ʤɯᵊ/; der.

ꤡꤟꤢꤡꤟꤌꤣꤡꤟꤢꤕꤚꤛꤢꤗꤟꤢ n ꤞꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ʂɔ˨tɔ˧ /; low bush or small tree

business v ꤗꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤋꤢ /me˨ kɯ˦me˨ kʰa˦/; to do business n ꤤꤏꤢꤤꤕꤚꤟꤤ /i˨sʰɛ˧i˨pri ˨ /; buy and sell

business person n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤋꤢ /prɛ˨ me˨ kɯ˦me˨ kʰa˦/; person who does business

busy adj ꤥꤊꤥꤒꤥ /o˨ko˧to˨/; not free

but conj ꤗꤢꤔꤢꤚꤢ /ma˨na˦rɔ˦/; der. ꤗꤢꤔꤢ;

ꤒꤢꤘꤣꤚꤢ; ꤙꤢꤚꤤꤚꤢ

Butea tree n ꤊꤥꤗꤟꤢ /ko˨mɔ˦ /; type of tree that flowers

butterfly n ꤕꤤꤕꤟꤛꤢ /pi˧pja˦ /buttocks n ꤋꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢ /kʰa˧plje˦/; bottom

button n ꤡꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢ /dʒa˨plɔ˨/; der. ꤡꤟꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ

buy v ꤤꤕꤚꤟꤤ /i˨pri ˨ /; der. ꤤꤕꤚꤟꤤꤢꤕꤚꤟꤤꤥ

buy and sell phr ꤤꤕꤚꤟꤤꤤꤏꤢ /i˨pri ˨ i˨sʰɛ˧/; der. ꤤꤕꤚꤟꤤꤤꤏꤢꤒꤟꤢ

by prep ꤔꤢ /na˦/; see 'with'

by oneself phr ꤔꤟꤤꤘꤢ /ni ˦ dɯ˨/ adv ꤔꤟꤤꤘꤛꤢ /ni ˦ dje˦/

bypass v ꤋꤢꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥꤡꤛꤣꤒꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /kʰɛ˧ta˨lwo˦ʤɯᵊta˨lje˨ /; to go past

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C c

cabbage n ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤢꤙꤥ /ta˨plɛ˨bo˨/cabin n ꤟꤤꤖꤢ /hi˨pʰu˦/; small house

cackle v ꤏꤛꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣꤊꤢꤒꤢ /ʃje˧mɯᵊka˨te˦/; sound of a chicken

cafe n ꤓꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢꤏꤢꤊꤜꤢ /tʰje˧ku˦sʰɛ˧klɛ˧/; tea shop

cage n ꤢꤕꤟꤥ /a˨po˨/ v ꤘꤢꤥ /dɔ˦o˨/; to place in a cage

calendar n ꤜꤤꤔꤢꤜꤢ /li˨na˨lɛ˧/calf n ꤕꤟꤢꤖꤢ /pṳ˦pʰu˦/; der. ꤕꤟꤢꤖꤢꤖꤢ

call v ꤢ /ɛ˦/call out phr ꤢꤓꤢꤊꤟꤢ /ɛ˦tʰe˨ka˨ /; der. ꤢꤓꤢ

call to come down phr ꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ɛ˦ta˧ /call to come together phr ꤢꤟꤛꤢꤕꤜꤢꤒꤟꤣ

/ɛ˦hja˧plɔ˦tə˦ /; der. ꤢꤥꤕꤜꤢ

call to leave phr ꤢꤓꤢꤡꤛꤣ /ɛ˦tʰe˨ʤɯᵊ/call to meet phr ꤢꤥꤊꤢ /ɛ˦o˨ku˦/call to return phr ꤢꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ /ɛ˦ka˨ kʰje˧/; der.

ꤢꤊꤟꤢ

calm v ꤥꤟꤌꤣꤥꤞꤝꤢ /o˨hɯᵊ˨o˨ʂwɛ˦/; der. ꤥꤟꤌꤣ adj ꤊꤟꤢꤒꤢꤡꤣ /ke˦ ta˨ʤə˦/; no wind or waves adj ꤞꤛꤣꤊꤚꤢ /ʂɯᵊ˨kre˧/; quiet

Cambodia n ꤋꤢꤙꤟꤢꤘꤤꤛꤢ /kʰa˨bɔ˦ di˦ja˦/camel n ꤒꤢꤞꤤꤙꤟꤌꤣꤘꤢ /ta˨ʂi˦bɯᵊ˧du˨/camera n ꤋꤢꤗꤣꤚꤢ /kʰɛ˨mə˨ra˨/; borrowed word

from English n ꤜꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢꤐꤟꤥ /le˦ mɯ˧za˦ zo˨/

can v ꤡꤟꤛꤢ /ʤja˦ /; able v ꤕꤢ /pe˦/; able

Canada n ꤋꤢꤔꤢꤘꤢꤊꤟꤢ /kʰɛ˨ne˨da˨ke˦ /cancer n ꤋꤢꤎꤣ /kʰɛ˨sə˨/; borrowed word from

english

candle n ꤒꤢꤚꤢꤙꤥ /ta˨rɛ˦bo˧/candy n ꤋꤢꤏꤢꤕꤜꤢ /kʰɛ˨ʃɯ˧plɔ˨/

canine (teeth) n ꤋꤢꤋꤛꤢꤓꤝꤤ /kʰu˨kʰje˧tʰwi˨/; teeth

canker sore v ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤊꤢꤏꤢ /kja˧ ku˧sʰɛ˧/; when the inside of the mouth hurts

cannot v ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤒꤥ /ʤja˦ to˨/; unable; incapable of doing v ꤗꤟꤢꤙꤢꤒꤥ /me˨ bɛ˦to˨/; not able to succeed in doing v ꤔꤟꤤꤒꤥ /ni ˦ to˨/; cannot

canvass v ꤡꤝꤤꤗꤟꤢ /dʒwi˨mɛ˦ /; help to get elected

cape n ꤊꤜꤢꤒꤢꤘꤢ /klɯ˦ta˨dɯ˨/capital n ꤠꤟꤤꤗꤟꤌꤣ /vi ˧ mɯᵊ/; lit. city-mother n

ꤚꤢꤚꤢ /rɯ˧ra˧/; money

capsize v ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢ /ta˧ klɔ˧ /; spill over

car n ꤜꤟꤥꤡꤢ /lo˦dʒɛ˦/car park n ꤜꤟꤢꤙꤢꤥ ꤜꤟꤢꤡꤢ ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ /le˦ be˨o˨

lɔ˦ dʒɛ˦ kʰa˧le˦ /; place for putting the car

carcass n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤒꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɔ˧tɛ˨ lɔ˨ /; rottenness; decay

card n ꤜꤤꤙꤢ /li˨ba˨/; paper

cardboard n ꤡꤟꤢꤙꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣ /dʒe˨ ba˨dɯᵊ˧/; thick paper

cards (playing) v ꤙꤢ ꤖꤢ /ba˦ pʰa˦/; to play cards

care n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤋꤝꤢ /tɛ˨ mja˦kʰwɛ˨/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤋꤝꤢ

care for v ꤗꤛꤢꤋꤝꤢ /mja˦kʰwɛ˨/; to take care of; der. ꤗꤛꤢꤔꤟꤤꤋꤝꤢꤔꤟꤤ

carefully adv ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ta˧ te˨ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢ

careless adj ꤘꤛꤢꤞꤢꤘꤛꤢꤞꤢꤒꤥ /dja˨ʂu˨dja˨ʂɛ˦to˨/; to not pay attention to adj ꤋꤝꤢꤚꤛꤢꤒꤥ /kʰwɛ˨rja˦to˨/; not care for well adj ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤥ /ta˧ te˨ to˨/

carnelian n ꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢ ꤏꤛꤢꤞꤝꤤ /lɔ˦ ʂe˦ ʃje˧ʂwi˨/; kind of gem

carpet n ꤜꤟꤢꤘꤢ /le˦ dɛ˧/

14

carrot n ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤢꤒꤟꤛꤢꤜꤟꤤ /ta˨plɛ˨tje˦ li ˨ /; der. ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤢꤒꤟꤛꤢꤙꤢ

carry v ꤐꤟꤢ /za˦ /; on the shoulder (bamboo poles, etc.); der. ꤐꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ; ꤐꤟꤢꤡꤛꤣ v ꤏꤢ /sʰa˧/; carry over the shoulder (bag, pocket book, sash); der. ꤏꤢꤙꤢꤜꤝꤥ v ꤠꤤ /vi˦/; carry with a head strap (basket); der. ꤠꤤꤐꤟꤢ v ꤊꤟꤌꤣ /kɯᵊ/; carry on or over the head (i.e. umbrella) v ꤠꤢ /va˨/; carry a backpack, two shoulder straps v

ꤕꤤ /pi˨/; carry a small child with a long cloth on the back; der. ꤕꤤꤚꤟꤛꤢ v ꤚꤟꤛꤢ /rhja˦/; carry a knife at your side v ꤡꤟꤢ /ʤɔ˧/; lift and carry (box, things); der. ꤡꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ serial verb ꤖꤛꤢꤟꤛꤢ; carry a child v -ꤓꤢ /tʰɔ˧/; carried or blown by the wind (i.e. a boat)

carry a heavy load phr ꤠꤤꤓꤌꤣꤐꤟꤢꤓꤌꤣ /vi˦tʰɯᵊ˨za˦ tʰɯᵊ˨/

cart n ꤜꤟꤥ /lo˦/; cart

cartilage n ꤊꤚꤝꤤꤡꤟꤢ /krwi˦ʤɛ˦ /cartwheel v ꤠꤤꤒꤢꤊꤜꤝꤤ /vi˧ta˨klwi˦/cash n ꤚꤢ /rɯ˧/cassava n ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤞꤢ /krɯ˨ʂɔ˨/cat n ꤓꤛꤥ /tʰwo˦/cat (Asiatic golden) n ꤓꤛꤥꤗꤟꤤ /tʰwo˦mi ˨ /catch v ꤜꤟꤢꤜꤢ /lɯ˨lɛ˦/; to catch up to; der.

ꤜꤟꤢꤜꤢ ꤒꤥ

cattle n ꤕꤟꤢꤕꤢꤔꤟꤢ /pṳ˦pa˨nɛ˦ /cauliflower n ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤢꤖꤥ /ta˨plɛ˨pʰo˧/cause trouble phr ꤗꤟꤢ ꤏꤢꤏꤢꤗꤢꤟꤛꤢ /me˨

sʰu˦sʰa˦ma˨hja˧/cave n ꤊꤚꤢꤊꤢ /krɔ˧ku˧/; der. ꤜꤟꤢꤊꤢ

ceiling n ꤗꤟꤢꤘꤢ /ma˧ dɛ˦/ n ꤒꤢꤡꤟꤢꤋꤢ /ta˨dʒɔ˨ kʰu˨/; der. ꤒꤢꤡꤟꤢ

celebrate v ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤝꤢꤘꤢ /me˨ pwɛ˨du˨/; make a big celebration; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤝꤢ

celebration n ꤤꤜꤢ /i˨lu˧/ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤕꤝꤢꤗꤟꤢꤜꤢ /tɛ˨ me˨ pwɛ˨me˨ la˧/; der. ꤕꤝꤢ; ꤕꤝꤢꤗꤟꤢꤑꤢ

celery n ꤖꤥꤡꤟꤤꤖꤢꤜꤢ /pʰo˧dʒi ˧ pʰu˦lɛ˨/; der. ꤖꤥꤡꤟꤤꤟꤢꤜꤢ

cell phone n ꤓꤢꤜꤤꤖꤥ /tʰɛ˨li˨pʰo˧/; telephone

cement n ꤜꤟꤢꤒꤢꤗꤢꤙꤢ /lɔ˦ ta˨ma˦bɯ˨/cemetery n ꤜꤟꤌꤣꤋꤢ /lɯᵊ˧kʰu˨/censer n ꤘꤤꤙꤢꤓꤢꤒꤢꤢ /di˧be˧tʰɛ˧ta˨ɛ˨/center n ꤊꤜꤢꤗꤢ /kla˧me˧/; der. ꤊꤜꤢꤗꤢꤊꤜꤢꤗꤢ;

ꤊꤜꤢꤗꤢꤊꤢ

centipede n ꤒꤢꤓꤢ /ta˨tʰɛ˦/certain adj ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ta˧ te˨ /; careful

chaff n ꤙꤟꤌꤣꤞꤢ /bɯᵊʂu˨/chain n ꤏꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤓꤢ /sʰu˨plje˨tɔ˦ tʰɛ˦/; der.

ꤒꤟꤢꤓꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢ

chair n ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /kʰu˨klja˦/; der. ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤖꤢ

chalk n ꤟꤢꤙꤢ /he˨bu˧/chalkboard n ꤜꤟꤢꤙꤢꤘꤢ /lɔ˦ ba˨du˨/; blackboard

challenge v ꤢꤊꤟꤢꤢꤏꤝꤢ /ɛ˦kɯ˦ɛ˦sʰwe˧/chance n ꤢꤋꤝꤢꤢꤛꤢ /a˨kʰwa˦a˨ja˨/; opportunity

change v ꤓꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /tʰu˨lja˨ /; der. ꤓꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢ

v ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /ta˨klja˨/ v ꤓꤝꤟꤥꤓꤛꤢ ꤋꤥꤋꤛꤢ /tʰwo˧tʰja˨ kʰo˦kʰje˧/; to become different

changeable adj ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢ /ta˨klja˨ʤja˦ /; able to change

chapped adj ꤖꤢꤕꤟꤢꤖꤢ /pʰa˦pɔ˦ pʰɛ˦/; dry skin

chapter n ꤢꤗꤟꤢꤘꤢ /a˨ma˧ du˨/character n ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤢꤓꤢꤥꤔꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ka˨tʰɔ˨o˨nja˧/ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤥꤞꤢꤚꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ o˨ʂa˧rja˧/ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢꤞꤢꤘꤛꤢꤞꤢ /tɛ˨ dja˨ʂu˨dja˨ʂɛ˦/; der. ꤘꤛꤢꤞꤢꤘꤛꤢꤞꤢ

charcoal n ꤊꤢꤖꤢꤞꤢ /kɔ˦pʰɛ˨ʂu˨/charge v ꤙꤢꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢ /be˨tɛ˨ ʂɯ˦/; accuse v

ꤟꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢꤗꤢꤊꤛꤢ /he˦klɔ˨ ma˨kja˧/; to command

chase v ꤜꤟꤢ /lɯ˨/; pursue; der. ꤊꤚꤝꤥꤜꤟꤢ;

ꤜꤟꤢꤊꤚꤝꤥ n ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ lɯ˨/chase to catch phr ꤜꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢ /lɯ˨pɯ˦/

15

chasm n ꤜꤟꤛꤢꤐꤟꤢꤘꤢ /lja˧ ˧˧za˧ du˨/cheap adj ꤢꤍꤟꤢꤊꤢ /a˨ŋu˨kɔ˨/cheat v ꤢꤒꤟꤢꤥꤕꤜꤢ /e˨tɯ˧o˧plɛ˨/ v ꤘꤢꤢ ꤢꤋꤢ

/da˧e˨ u˧kʰu˨/; rip off; cheat

check v ꤓꤢꤡꤟꤢ /tʰɯ˦dʒe˨ /; der. ꤓꤢꤗꤛꤢ

cheek n ꤋꤢꤜꤤꤏꤛꤢ /kʰa˧li˦ʃje˦/; der. ꤔꤟꤤꤏꤛꤢ

cheetah n ꤕꤟꤌꤣꤋꤤꤊꤚꤤ /pʰɯᵊ˧kʰi˧kri˦/chef n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤤꤖꤥ ꤏꤢꤢ /prɛ˨ i˨pʰo˧ sʰɛ˨e˨/; person

who cooks food

cherubim n ꤋꤢꤚꤢꤙꤢ /kʰe˨ru˦be˨/; transliteration of cherubim

chest n ꤒꤢꤥ /ta˨o˧/chew v ꤤꤏꤛꤢ /i˨ʃja˧/chick n ꤏꤛꤢꤖꤢ /ʃje˧pʰu˦/chicken n ꤏꤛꤢ /ʃje˧/; hen n ꤏꤛꤢꤐꤛꤢ /ʃje˧zje˨/;

chicken meat

chicken egg n ꤏꤛꤢꤘꤛꤢ /ʃje˧dje˨/chickpea n ꤊꤢꤙꤤ ꤙꤛꤢꤊꤛꤢ /kɔ˦bi˧ bja˧kje˧/child n ꤕꤢꤡꤟꤢꤖꤢ /pa˨ʤɛ˦ pʰu˦/; der. ꤕꤢꤡꤟꤢ;

ꤖꤢ n ꤖꤢꤕꤢꤒꤤ /pʰu˦pa˨ti˦/; small child

childhood n ꤕꤢꤡꤟꤢꤋꤢ /pa˨ʤɛ˦ kʰɛ˧/children n ꤖꤢꤗꤢꤖꤢꤋꤢ /pʰu˦mɔ˨pʰu˦kʰu˧/; der.

ꤖꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ n ꤕꤢꤡꤟꤢ /pa˨dʒɛ˦ /; der. ꤕꤢꤡꤟꤢꤖꤢ

chile pepper n ꤞꤢꤟꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˨hja˦/; der. ꤞꤢꤟꤛꤢꤞꤢ

chilly adj ꤊꤟꤢꤚꤟꤥꤒꤢꤔꤟꤛꤢ /ke˦ ro˦ta˨nja˧ /; cold and shaking

chimpanzee n ꤐꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ /zɔ˧ kɯ˦/chin n ꤋꤢ /kʰɛ˨/China n ꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ /he˧ke˦ /Chinese n ꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤖꤢ /he˧ke˦ pʰu˦/; Chinese

people

chocolate n ꤡꤛꤢꤊꤜꤢ /dʒjɔ˦klɛ˦/; borrowed word from English

choke v ꤋꤛꤢꤙꤤ /kʰja˦bi˦/; der. ꤞꤢꤙꤤ v ꤡꤤ /ʤi˨/; to choke or strangle v ꤢꤒꤢꤓꤢ /e˨ta˨tʰɔ˦/; to get something stuck in your throat

cholera n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤ ꤏꤢꤟꤢꤜꤟꤥ /tɛ˨ ʃwi˦ sʰɛ˧hɔ˦lo˨/

choose v ꤔꤝꤥꤖꤛꤢꤔꤝꤥꤗꤟꤢ /nwo˦pʰje˦nwo˦me˨ /; der. ꤔꤝꤥꤖꤛꤢ; ꤔꤝꤥ

choosing n ꤒꤟꤢꤔꤝꤥꤓꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ nwo˦tʰja˨/; appointing

chop v ꤤꤊꤝꤥ /i˨kwo˧/; with an ax; der. ꤤꤊꤝꤥꤊꤟꤢ; ꤤꤊꤝꤥꤋꤢ v ꤤꤊꤜꤟꤛꤢ /i˨klja˧ / v

ꤕꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ /pa˧ kɛ˦ /; cut; slice

Christ n ꤋꤚꤤ /kʰri˦/Christian n ꤋꤚꤤꤖꤢ /kʰri˦pʰu˦/chuckle v ꤑꤟꤢꤟꤌꤣꤑꤟꤢꤞꤝꤢ /ɲe˧ hɯᵊ˨ɲe˧ ʂwɛ˦/;

der. ꤑꤟꤢꤟꤌꤣ

church n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢꤢꤒꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢꤗꤟꤢ /prɛ˨ zɯ˦e˨tɛ˨ plɔ˦mṳ˨/; referring to the church as a group of people; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤢꤙꤢꤟꤥꤖꤢ n ꤞꤢꤚꤢ /ʂɔ˦rɔ˦/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤢꤙꤢꤟꤥ

cigar n ꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢꤙꤥ /ta˨rje˨bo˧/cigarette n ꤎꤤꤊꤚꤢ /si˦krɛ˦/; borrowed word from

English n ꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢꤙꤥꤙꤢ /ta˨rje˨bo˧bu˧/circle n ꤒꤢꤜꤢ /ta˨lu˧/; round

circumcise v ꤘꤢꤒꤢꤜꤤꤖꤢ /dɯ˦ta˨li˦pʰa˦/circumcision n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤢꤒꤢꤜꤤꤖꤢ

/tɛ˨ dɯ˦ta˨li˦pʰa˦/citizens n ꤓꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢꤖꤢ /tʰje˧ke˦ pʰu˦/; citizens of

a country; der. ꤓꤛꤢꤖꤢ; ꤊꤟꤢꤖꤢ n ꤠꤟꤤꤊꤢꤖꤢ /vi ˧ ku˧pʰu˦/; citizens of a city; der. ꤠꤟꤤꤖꤢ n ꤓꤛꤢꤜꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤊꤢꤖꤢ /tʰje˧le˦ ke˦ ku˧pʰu˦/; citizens of a kingdom

citrus n ꤞꤢꤞꤝꤤꤞꤢ /ʂɔ˨ʂwi˦ʂɛ˨/city n ꤠꤟꤤ /vi ˧ /; der. ꤠꤟꤤꤘꤢ; ꤠꤟꤤꤘꤢꤠꤟꤤꤓꤢ

city gate phr ꤠꤟꤤꤊꤢꤘꤢ /vi ˧ ka˨da˧/city leaders phr ꤠꤟꤤ ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢꤋꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /vi ˧

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kʰu˨klɔ˦kʰu˨klja˧/; municipal government

city street phr ꤠꤟꤤꤊꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /vi ˧ ku˧klja˦/city walls phr ꤠꤟꤤꤒꤢꤚꤢꤊꤢ /vi ˧ ta˨rɛ˦ku˧/

civet cat n ꤓꤛꤥꤒꤢꤞꤤ /tʰwo˦ta˨ʂi˦/; der. ꤓꤛꤥꤔꤟꤌꤣꤗꤢ

civil war n ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢ /ke˦ ku˧ tɛ˨ sʰa˦/; war inside the country

claim v ꤘꤢꤊꤝꤥ /da˦kwo˦/clamp v ꤊꤜꤥꤗꤢ /klo˦ma˨/ v ꤘꤢꤘꤛꤢ /da˦dje˦/;

squeeze together to pick up

clap v ꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢ ꤒꤢꤋꤢꤊꤢ /plja˦ ta˨kʰu˨ku˧/clarity n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤑꤢꤕꤜꤥꤖꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦ɲe˧plo˧pʰɛ˦/;

clear understanding

clashing adj ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢꤒꤥ /krɯ˧klɛ˧to˨/; don't get along together

clasp v ꤊꤚꤟꤤ /kri ˨ / n ꤓꤢꤏꤛꤢ /tʰɛ˦ʃja˦/; clips

class n ꤒꤟꤥ /to˦/; stage; level; der. ꤢꤒꤟꤥꤢꤒꤢ

clay n ꤟꤢꤤ /he˨i˧/clean adj ꤗꤝꤟꤥꤕꤜꤤꤞꤤꤕꤜꤥ /mwo˧ pli˧ʂi˧plo˨/;

der. ꤗꤝꤟꤥꤕꤜꤤ; ꤗꤝꤟꤥꤕꤜꤤꤙꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣ; ꤖꤟꤌꤣꤗꤝꤟꤥ v ꤏꤤꤕꤜꤤꤏꤤꤕꤜꤟꤢ /ʃi˧pli˧ʃi˧plɛ˦ /; der. ꤏꤤꤕꤜꤤ; adj -ꤏꤢ /-sʰɛ˦/; clean water n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤝꤟꤥꤕꤜꤤꤞꤤꤕꤜꤥ /tɛ˨ mwo˧pli˧ʂi˧plo˨/; clean or pure; i.e. a pure heart v ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤜꤤꤗꤟꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣ /me˨ pli˧me˨ pʰɯᵊ˦/; to clean or cleanse; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤜꤤ; ꤗꤟꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣ; ꤗꤟꤢꤗꤝꤟꤥ adj ꤖꤟꤌꤣ /pʰɯᵉ˦/; white and clean v ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢ /me˨ la˦ /; to clear v ꤓꤢꤗꤝꤟꤥ /tʰɯ˦mwo˧/; wipe clean

cleansing n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤗꤝꤟꤥꤕꤜꤤ /tɛ˨ me˨ mwo˧ pli˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤗꤝꤟꤥꤕꤜꤤꤞꤤꤕꤜꤥ

clear adv ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢ /ta˧ plu˦/; in terms of understanding clearly adj ꤏꤛꤢꤊꤢꤜꤤ /ʃje˦ka˨li˧/; transparent adv ꤜꤟꤌꤣꤜꤤ /lɯᵊ˧li˧/; plainly v ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢꤜꤤ /me˨ la˦ li˧/; clear (brush, weeds, etc.) adj ꤖꤟꤌꤣ /pʰɯᵊ˦/; white and clean

clearly adv ꤜꤟꤌꤣꤕꤜꤥ /lɯᵊ˧plo˧/; to explain clearly; der. ꤕꤜꤥꤚꤛꤢꤜꤢ; ꤜꤟꤌꤣꤜꤤ adv ꤜꤤꤖꤥꤚꤛꤢ /li˧pʰo˦rja˦/; see clearly adv

clerk n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤢ /prɛ˨ me˨ ta˨ra˨/clever adj ꤜꤤꤗꤛꤢ /li˨mja˧/; shrewd

cleverness n ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤘꤢ /tɛ˨ ʤja˦ tɛ ˨ dɛ˨/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤘꤢ

cliff n ꤒꤢꤑꤢ /ta˨ɲa˨/ n ꤜꤟꤢ /la˦ /; der. ꤜꤟꤢꤏꤥ

climate n ꤒꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤞꤢ /ta˨lje˨ ʂɛ˦/climb v ꤓꤛꤢ /tʰja˨/; ascend

cling to v ꤘꤤꤊꤜꤟꤢ /di˦kla˦ /clock n ꤗꤢꤒꤥ /mɯ˧to˧/close v ꤗꤟꤢꤙꤤ /me˨ bi˦/; shut; der. ꤞꤢꤙꤤ adv

ꤒꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ta˨tɔ˨ /; near in distance; blood relative; belonging to oneself; der. ꤒꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣꤒꤢꤒꤟꤢ; ꤏꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ; ꤖꤢꤒꤢꤒꤟꤢ adj ꤖꤢ /pʰɯ˨/; to be close by; der. ꤥꤖꤢ; ꤥꤖꤢꤥꤝꤥ; ꤖꤢꤑꤢ v ꤙꤢꤊꤚꤟꤤꤙꤤ /bɔ˨kri ˨ bi˦/; close your eyes shut v ꤕꤣꤙꤤ /pə˧bi˦/; close your mouth tightly

close off v ꤤꤚꤟꤢꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢꤙꤤ /i˨ra˨ ta˨va˨ bi˦/; to put a wall or fence around; enclose v ꤡꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤙꤤ /ʤɔ˦ ta˧ tɯ˧bi˦/; close off with a curtain v ꤞꤢꤙꤤ /ʂɛ˧bi˦/; obstruct

close to arriving phr ꤖꤢꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤌꤣꤟꤢ /pʰɯ˨hja˧tɯᵊhɔ˦/

cloth n ꤤꤊꤟꤢ /i˨kɛ˧ / n ꤎꤢꤒꤢꤕꤚꤟꤛꤢ /sa˨ta˨prhje˧/; thin and transparent cloth n ꤙꤢꤢ

/bɛ˨u˧/; der. ꤙꤢꤢꤊꤚꤤ

piece of cloth n ꤊꤢꤐꤟꤢ /ka˨zɛ˧ /clothes n ꤟꤛꤢꤊꤢꤡꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢ /hje˨kɯ˧dʒa˨ʂja˦/clothing n ꤟꤛꤢꤡꤟꤢ /hje˨ʤa˨ /; der.

ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤢꤒꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤢꤟꤛꤢꤞꤛꤢꤡꤟꤢ n ꤜꤟꤢꤊꤢꤜꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢ /le˦ kɯ˧le˦ ʂja˦/

cloud n ꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /ɔ˦lɯᵊ/cloudless adj ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢ /mɔ˦ la˦ /cloudy n ꤊꤟꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣ /ke˦ ɯᵊ˨/; der. ꤊꤟꤢꤜꤢ adj

ꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ ꤘꤟꤌꤣ /ɔ˨lɯᵉ˦ dɯᵉ˧/; overcast adj

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ꤋꤤꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /kʰi˦ɔ˦lɯᵊ˦/; dark clouds adj ꤢꤚꤟꤌꤣ /ɔ˦rɯᵊ˦/; referring to vision

clsf (animals) Classifier -ꤘꤟꤌꤣ /-dɯᵊ˧/; der. ꤒꤣꤘꤟꤌꤣ Classifier -ꤊꤜꤢ /-klɔ˦/; group of animals; der. ꤒꤣꤊꤜꤢ

clsf (blanket) Classifier -ꤕꤟꤢ /-pɯ˨/; der. ꤒꤣꤕꤟꤢ

Classifier -ꤟꤢ /-hɯ˧/; der. ꤒꤣꤟꤢ

clsf (books) Classifier ꤢ /u˦/; der. ꤒꤣꤢ

clsf (branch/tree) Classifier -ꤖꤛꤢ /-pʰja˧/clsf (bundle) Classifier ꤊꤜꤢ /klɔ˧/; firewood

clsf (coin) Classifier -ꤗꤛꤢ /-mje˦/clsf (decorative leg rings) Classifier ꤠꤟꤢ /vɔ˨ /clsf (dessert) Classifier -ꤙꤢ /-bɯ˨/; der. ꤒꤣꤙꤢ

clsf (fish, leaves, money, birds) Classifier ꤙꤢ /bɛ˨/; der. ꤒꤣꤙꤢ

clsf (flat things) Classifier ꤙꤢ /ba˨/; blanket, book, shirt, paper

clsf (flower) Classifier -ꤖꤥ /-pʰo˧/clsf (friend) Classifier ꤞꤛꤥ /ʂwo˦/clsf (garden plot; field) Classifier -ꤜꤟꤢ /-le˦ /;

der. ꤒꤣꤜꤟꤢ

clsf (general things) Classifier ꤡꤣ /ʤə˨/; der. ꤒꤣꤡꤣ

clsf (group of animals) Classifier ꤊꤜꤢ /klɔ˦/clsf (group of people) Classifier ꤗꤟꤢ /mṳ˨/clsf (hill; seed) Classifier ꤕꤜꤢ /plɔ˨/clsf (hour) Classifier -ꤗꤢ /-mɯ˧/clsf (island) Classifier -ꤊꤜꤢ /-klɯ˦/clsf (item in family of like things) Classifier

ꤊꤟꤌꤣ /kɯᵊ˨/clsf (item of clothing) Classifier ꤕꤟꤢ /pɯ˨/clsf (language) Classifier ꤗꤢ /mɯ˧/clsf (large items; fruits, things, house) Classifier

ꤗꤢ /me˧/

clsf (leg rings) Classifier ꤠꤟꤢ /vɔ˨ /clsf (levels) Classifier -ꤒꤟꤥ /-to˦/clsf (long things; river, tree) Classifier ꤙꤥ /bo˧/clsf (nights) Classifier -ꤞꤢ /-ʂɛ˧/clsf (one sleeve; one shoe) Classifier ꤖꤛꤢ /pʰje˨/clsf (pairs of things) Classifier -ꤖꤢ /-pʰu˨/clsf (parts, sections) Classifier -ꤊꤛꤢ /-kje˧/clsf (person) Classifier -ꤕꤚꤟꤢ /-prɛ˨ /; der.

ꤒꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢ

clsf (piece) Classifier ꤊꤥ /ko˨/; piece of wood, bamboo, money

clsf (places) Classifier -ꤖꤥ /-pʰo˨/clsf (plants, trees, flowers) Classifier ꤗꤟꤢ /mɔ˦ /clsf (round thing) Classifier -ꤠꤟꤢ /-vɔ˨ /clsf (scroll) Classifier -ꤊꤜꤢ /-klu˧/clsf (thick things) Classifier ꤘꤟꤌꤣ /dɯᵊ˧/clsf (thing) Classifier -ꤡꤣ /-ʤə˨/; der. ꤒꤣꤡꤣ

clsf (things that...) Classifier ꤗꤢ /me˧/clsf (things) Classifier ꤗꤤ /mi˧/clsf (time) n -ꤟꤢ /-hɯ˨/clsf (town, city) Classifier -ꤠꤟꤤ /-vi ˧ /clsf (transportation) Classifier ꤋꤢ /kʰu˨/clsf (trees/plants) Classifier -ꤞꤢ /-ʂɔ˨/clsf (two sides) Classifier -ꤋꤥ /-kʰo˦/clsf (verse, point) Classifier -ꤗꤟꤢ /-ma˧ /clsf (village) Classifier -ꤘꤢ /-dɔ˧/; der. -ꤏꤥ

clsf (vineyard) Classifier -ꤖꤢ /-pʰɛ˨/clsf (well, pool, lake) Classifier -ꤢ /-ɔ˨/clsf (wings) Classifier -ꤊꤚꤢ /-krɯ˨/clsf (word) Classifier -ꤗꤢ /-mɯ˦/; der. ꤒꤣꤗꤢ

clsf (written materials, paper, map) Classifier -ꤙꤢ /-ba˨/

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club n ꤤꤗꤟꤢꤤꤕꤟꤢ /i˨mɯ˧i˨pɔ˨ /; der. ꤤꤗꤟꤢ;

ꤤꤕꤟꤢ

cluck v ꤊꤢꤘꤢ /ka˨da˦/; a clucking noise to drive away cows or buffalo

cluttered adj ꤒꤢꤖꤤꤒꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣ /ta˨pʰi˧ta˨pʰɯᵊ˨/; messy

co-worker n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤚꤟꤥꤜꤢꤒꤟꤢ /prɛ˨ me˨ ro˦lu˧tɛ˨ /; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤣꤒꤟꤢ

coal n ꤗꤤꤊꤜꤝꤥ /mi˨klwo˦/coarse adj ꤞꤝꤢꤒꤢꤊꤟꤢ /ʂwɛ˦ta˨ka˧ /; rough

coast n ꤋꤥꤗꤟꤢꤋꤥꤜꤥ /kʰo˧ma˦ kʰo˧lo˨/coat v ꤡꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢꤘꤢ /ʤa˨ klɔ˧du˨/; an outer large

shirt; der. ꤡꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢ

coax v ꤤꤜꤥꤤꤜꤛꤢ /i˨lo˨i˨lja˦/; tempt

cobra n ꤚꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢ /ru˦plɔ˨/; der. ꤚꤟꤢꤞꤢ

cock n ꤏꤛꤢꤖꤢ /ʃje˧pʰɛ˧/; chicken (male)

cockerel n ꤏꤛꤢꤖꤢꤖꤢ /ʃje˧pʰɛ˧pʰu˦/cockroach n ꤜꤟꤢꤊꤤ /lɔ˨ ki˦/cocky adj ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤘꤢ ꤘꤛꤢꤔꤟꤢ /ta˨ne˨ du˨

dje˦ne˦ /; think great of oneself

coconut n ꤗꤢꤢꤞꤢ /ma˦u˨ʂɛ˨/coconut oil n ꤗꤢꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ma˦u˧tʰje˧/cocoon number ꤞꤤꤜꤢ /ʂi˦lu˨/; der. ꤞꤤꤜꤢꤊꤢ

coffee n ꤊꤢꤖꤤ /ka˨pʰi˨/; borrowed word from English

coffin n ꤜꤥ /lo˧/; der. ꤜꤟꤌꤣꤤꤜꤥ

coil v ꤤꤠꤟꤢ /i˨va˨ / v ꤤꤙꤤ /i˨bi˧/; using rope or metal wire

coin n ꤚꤢꤛꤝꤟꤢ /rɯ˧zwɛ˨/cold adv ꤊꤟꤢꤚꤟꤥꤊꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤ /ke˦ ro˦ke˦ sʰwi˦/;

related to weather; der. ꤊꤟꤢꤚꤟꤥ adj ꤊꤢꤡꤟꤢ /ka˨ʤṳ˦/; der. ꤓꤛꤢꤊꤢꤡꤟꤢ; ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤢ n ꤞꤢꤢ /ʂɛ˦ɔ˦/; common cold

collaborate v ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢꤗꤟꤢꤡꤢ /me˨ plɔ˦me˨ dʒɯ˧/

collapse v ꤜꤢꤒꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /la˨ta˧ prɔ˨ /; to fall down destroyed v ꤜꤢꤋꤢꤜꤢꤕꤟꤢ /la˨kʰɯ˦la˨pɔ˨ /; when a person falls down

collar v ꤕꤜꤢꤘꤢ /pla˧da˧/; body part

colleague n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤚꤟꤥꤒꤟꤢ /prɛ˨ me˨ ro˦ tɛ ˨ /; fellow worker

collect v ꤤꤓꤌꤣꤕꤜꤢ /i˨tʰɯᵊ˨plɔ˦/; der. ꤤꤓꤌꤣ v

ꤊꤝꤥ /kwo˧/; collect taxes, offerings v

ꤙꤢꤕꤜꤢ /be˨plɔ˦/; combine; der. ꤘꤛꤢꤕꤜꤢ v

ꤓꤢꤕꤜꤢ /tʰɔ˦plɔ˦/; pull together

collide v ꤕꤟꤢꤙꤢ /pɔ˦ bɛ˨/color n ꤢꤜꤢ /a˨la˨/colorless adj ꤢꤜꤢꤥꤒꤥ /a˨la˨o˨to˨/colt n ꤒꤢꤞꤤꤖꤢ /ta˨ʂi˦pʰu˦/coma v ꤓꤛꤢꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢ /tʰja˨ta˨pa˨ /; unconscious

comb n ꤊꤢꤞꤛꤢ /kɔ˦ʂje˨/ v ꤤꤋꤝꤤ /i˨kʰwi˦/; der. ꤋꤝꤤꤕꤚꤟꤥ n ꤏꤛꤢꤋꤢꤘꤤ /ʃje˧kʰa˧di˨/; comb on the rooster's head

combine v ꤙꤢꤕꤜꤢ /be˨plɔ˦/; collect v

ꤘꤛꤢꤒꤟꤣ /dja˨tə˦ /; put together

come v ꤟꤛꤢ /hja˧/come see phr ꤟꤛꤢꤗꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ /hja˧mja˦tʰje˨/come take back phr ꤟꤛꤢꤖꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢ

/hja˧pʰje˦ka˨ /come and argue phr ꤟꤛꤢꤊꤚꤢꤟꤛꤢꤊꤚꤟꤛꤢ

/hja˧kre˦hja˧krja˦ /come arrive phr ꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤌꤣ /hja˧tɯᵊ/come ask phr ꤟꤛꤢꤊꤝꤤ /hja˧kwi˧/come ask for mercy phr ꤟꤛꤢꤊꤝꤤꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢ

/hja˧kwi˧ʂɛ˦zɔ˨ /come become phr ꤟꤛꤢꤓꤝꤟꤥꤓꤛꤢ

/hja˧tʰwo˧tʰja˨/come bend down and look phr

ꤟꤛꤢꤍꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤡꤝꤟꤥ /hja˧ŋɔ˨ mja˦ʤwo˧/come call phr ꤟꤛꤢꤢ /hja˧ɛ˦/come change phr ꤟꤛꤢꤓꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /hja˧tʰu˨lja˨ /

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come choose phr ꤟꤛꤢꤔꤝꤥꤖꤛꤢ /hja˧nwo˦pʰje˦/

come cry phr ꤟꤛꤢꤍꤟꤌꤣ /hja˧ŋɯᵊ/come down phr ꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /hja˧ta˧ / v

ꤟꤤꤒꤟꤢ /hi˦ta˧ /; descend

come eat phr ꤟꤛꤢꤢ /hja˧e˨/come enter and see phr ꤟꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤗꤛꤢ

/hja˧nɯᵊ˧mja˦/come explain phr ꤟꤛꤢꤟꤢꤏꤥ /hja˧he˦sʰo˨/come fight phr ꤟꤛꤢꤏꤢ /hja˧sʰa˦/come grab phr ꤟꤛꤢꤕꤟꤢ /hja˧pɯ˦/come kiss phr ꤟꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤗꤢ /hja˧nɯᵊ˨mɯ˦/come meet phr ꤟꤛꤢꤥꤊꤢꤥꤊꤛꤢ

/hja˧o˨ku˦o˨kja˦/; to come and have a meeting together phr ꤟꤛꤢꤗꤛꤢꤏꤢ /hja˧mja˦sʰɯ˨/

come open phr ꤟꤛꤢꤙꤢꤗꤥ /hja˧ba˦mo˧/come out to see phr ꤟꤛꤢꤓꤢꤗꤛꤢ

/hja˧tʰe˨mja˦/come pray phr ꤟꤛꤢꤡꤢꤙꤢ /hja˧ʤɔ˦bɛ˧/come put in phr ꤟꤛꤢꤏꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /hja˧sʰu˨nɯᵊ˧/come question phr ꤟꤛꤢꤏꤢꤘꤛꤢ /hja˧sʰu˨dja˧/come say phr ꤟꤛꤢꤟꤢ /hja˧he˦/come send phr ꤟꤛꤢꤞꤢ /hja˧ʂu˧/come speak phr ꤟꤛꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢ /hja˧he˦bɛ˨/come stand phr ꤟꤛꤢꤊꤢꤓꤢ /hja˧ka˨tʰɔ˨/come stay phr ꤟꤛꤢꤥ /hja˧o˨/come take phr ꤟꤛꤢꤖꤛꤢ /hja˧pʰje˦/come take care of phr ꤟꤛꤢꤗꤛꤢꤋꤝꤢ

/hja˧mja˦kʰwɛ˨/come take down phr ꤟꤛꤢꤖꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ

/hja˧pʰje˦ta˧ /come up phr ꤟꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ /hja˧tʰja˨/come visit phr ꤟꤛꤢꤥꤜꤢ /hja˧o˨le˧/

come again phr ꤟꤛꤢ ꤋꤛꤢꤞꤛꤢ /hja˧ kʰje˧θja˦/

come in phr ꤟꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /hja˧nɯᵊ˧/; enter

comfort v ꤤꤜꤢꤤ /i˨lɔ˧i˦/; der. ꤤꤜꤢ

comma n ꤏꤛꤢ /ʃja˦/command v ꤗꤢꤊꤛꤢꤍꤟꤥ /me˨kja˧ŋo˦/; der.

ꤗꤢꤊꤛꤢ; ꤟꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢꤗꤢꤊꤛꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤢꤊꤛꤢꤍꤟꤥ /tɛ˨ me˨kja˧ŋo˦/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤢꤊꤛꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢꤍꤟꤥ v ꤔꤢ /nɔ˧/; ask to do

commandment n ꤍꤟꤥꤗꤢꤊꤛꤢ /ŋo˦me˨kja˧/committee n ꤊꤢꤗꤤꤒꤤ /kɔ˨mi˨ti˨/; borrowed word

from English

commotion n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢꤏꤤꤏꤢꤏꤢ /tɛ˨ sʰu˦ʃi˧sʰu˦sʰa˦/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢꤏꤢ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤢꤒꤢꤕꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ta˨rɯ˧ta˨pja˧/community n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤢꤕꤜꤢꤢꤗꤟꤢ

/prɛ˨ a˨plɔ˦a˨mu˨ /; group of people

company n ꤙꤢꤕꤜꤢ /bɛ˦plɔ˦/; 30 soldiers

compare v ꤒꤢꤜꤣ /ta˨lə˨/; der. ꤒꤢꤜꤣꤗꤛꤢ; ꤒꤢꤜꤣ

ꤙꤛꤢꤙꤢ v ꤒꤢꤚꤢꤘꤢ /te˧ra˨dɯ˧/; der. ꤒꤢꤜꤣ

ꤒꤢꤚꤢꤘꤢꤗꤛꤢ v ꤒꤢꤘꤤꤡꤢ /te˧di˧dʒɛ˧/compassion n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢꤙꤢ

/tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦zɔ˨ kla˨ bɛ˨/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢ

compensate v -ꤜꤟꤛꤢ /-lje˧ /; pay back

compensation n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤚꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /klje˧rɯ˧lhje˧/; compensation for war; der. ꤚꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ

compete v ꤘꤤꤡꤢ /di˦ʤɛ˧/competence n ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤘꤢ /tɛ˨ dʒja˦ dɛ˨/; ability

competent v ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤘꤢ /ʤja˦ dɛ˨/competition n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤤꤡꤢ /tɛ˨ di˦ʤɛ˧/complain v ꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤟꤢꤟꤛꤢ /he˦ka˨ he˨hja˧/; also:

give reasons, tell here and there

complete adj ꤓꤛꤣꤕꤜꤢ /tʰɯᵊ˧plɯ˦/; finished already; der. ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤢ adj ꤥꤕꤝꤟꤥꤥꤘꤝꤥ /o˨pwo˧ o˨dwo˧/ prep ꤓꤛꤣꤟꤢ /tʰɯᵊ˧hɔ˦/; der.

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ꤓꤛꤣ v ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢꤘꤢꤊꤛꤢ /me˨ ta˨dɯ˨kja˧/; finish; bring to an end; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤓꤛꤣ; ꤗꤟꤢꤓꤛꤣꤕꤜꤢ; ꤗꤟꤢꤓꤛꤣꤗꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢ adj ꤙꤢ /ba˧/; full; der. ꤙꤢꤟꤢ

completed v ꤗꤟꤢꤓꤛꤣꤟꤢ /me˨ tʰɯᵊ˧hɔ˦/completely adv ꤜꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢꤒꤢꤊꤜꤤ /lɔ˧ la˦ ta˨kli˨/;

do fully do something i.e. conquer completely; der. ꤜꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢꤊꤢꤞꤢ

compliment n ꤍꤟꤥ ꤓꤢꤞꤢ /ŋo˨ tʰu˨ʂɛ˦/ v

ꤓꤢꤞꤢ /tʰu˨ʂɛ˦/; to praise

comply v ꤜꤟꤢꤜꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ /lɯ˨lɛ˦ʂɛ˦plɔ˨/; indulge

compress v ꤜꤢꤊꤜꤟꤛꤢ /la˨klja˨ /compromise v ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤗꤤꤋꤛꤢꤜꤢ

/ʂɛ˦plɔ˨mi˧kʰje˧lu˧/compute v ꤘꤛꤢꤗꤢ /dja˦ma˦/; record

computer n ꤊꤢꤕꤛꤢꤒꤣ /kɔ˨pju˨tə˨/; borrowed word from English

conceal v ꤙꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣꤙꤢꤙꤤ /be˨ɯᵊ˦be˨bi˦/; hide

conceited adj ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤘꤢ ꤘꤛꤢꤔꤟꤢ /ta˨ne˨ du˨ dje˦ne˦ /; think great of oneself; der. ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤕꤣ;

ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤘꤢ adj ꤖꤛꤢꤘꤢꤔꤟꤢ /pʰje˦du˨ne˦ /concinna leaves n ꤏꤛꤢꤗꤢꤜꤢ /ʃje˨mɯ˧lɛ˨/conclusion n ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢꤒꤢꤘꤢ /tɛ˨ he˦bɛ˨ta˨dɯ˨/condemn v ꤐꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /zṳ˧ta˨rja˧ ta˧ / v

ꤙꤢꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢ /be˨tɛ˨ ʂɯ˦/; accuse; charge

conference n ꤒꤟꤢꤥꤊꤢꤥꤊꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ o˨ku˦u˨kja˦/; meeting

confess v ꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ɔ˦lja˨ nɯᵊ˨lja˨ /confidence n ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ kʰɯ˧tɛ˨ ha˧/confident adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤋꤢ ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤟꤢ

/ʂɛ˦plɔ˨kʰɯ˧ ʂɛ˦plɔ˨ha˧/confirm v ꤙꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢꤗꤢ /be˨klɔ˨ ma˨/; der.

ꤘꤛꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢꤗꤢ

confiscate v ꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢꤊꤛꤢ /hɔ˧plɔ˦kja˧/conflicting v ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢꤒꤥ /krɯ˧klɛ˧to˨/; not at

peace with another

confounded v ꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢꤤꤟꤢ /ta˨pa˨ i˨hɯ˦/confuse v ꤗꤟꤢꤏꤢꤏꤤꤏꤢꤏꤢ /me˨ sʰu˦ʃi˧sʰu˦sʰa˦/confused adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤏꤢꤏꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨sʰu˦sʰa˦/confusing adj ꤏꤢꤏꤢ /sʰu˦sʰa˦/connect v ꤕꤜꤝꤥꤓꤢ /plwo˧tʰɯ˧/connected adj ꤕꤜꤝꤥꤓꤢ ꤥꤔꤢ ꤟꤢ /plwo˧tʰɯ˧

o˨ne˨ hɔ˦/conquer v ꤏꤢꤕꤢ /sʰa˦pe˦/consider v ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢ /ta˨ne˨ mja˦/; der.

ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ v ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢꤕꤜꤤ /ta˨ne˨ plɯ˦pli˦/; consider all the options

consideration n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢ ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤕꤟꤢ ꤘꤣ ꤢꤑꤢ /tɛ˨ ta˨ne˨ ʤja˦ pe˦ də˦ u˧ɲe˧/; able to think of others

console v ꤤꤜꤢ /i˨lɔ˧/constipation n ꤤꤒꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢ /i˨ta˨ʤje˧ /consult v ꤘꤣꤑꤢꤜꤢ /də˨ɲa˧lu˧/consume v ꤢꤜꤟꤢ /e˨lɔ˧ /contagious adj ꤚꤟꤢꤔꤟꤤ ꤡꤟꤛꤢ /rɛ˦ ni ˦ dʒja˦ /contend v ꤏꤢꤒꤢꤔꤛꤢ /sʰa˦ta˨nja˧/; der. ꤏꤢꤏꤢ

content adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤗꤤ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨mi˧/; der. ꤘꤛꤢꤗꤤꤡꤟꤛꤢ v ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤗꤤ /me˨ ʂɛ˦plɔ˨mi˧/

contentment n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤗꤤ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦plɔ˨mi˧/continent n ꤊꤟꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣ /ke˦ mɯᵊ/continue v ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢꤟꤛꤢ /me˨ ple˨hja˧/ v

ꤡꤛꤣꤕꤢꤟꤛꤢ /dʒɯᵊpa˨hja˧/; go forward; der. ꤕꤢꤟꤛꤢ

contract n ꤜꤤꤊꤜꤟꤢꤗꤢ /li˨klɔ˨ ma˨/contrary adj ꤋꤥ /kʰo˦/; different

control v ꤋꤢ /kʰɔ˧/; control our bodies or hearts; der. ꤋꤢꤕꤢ v ꤕꤢꤢꤕꤢꤥ /pe˦e˨pe˦o˧/; force

convenient adj ꤢꤒꤥꤢꤙꤢ /a˨to˧a˨ebɛ˨/; perfect

conversation n ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢꤋꤛꤢꤜꤢ /tɛ˨ he˦bɛ˨kʰje˧lu˧/

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converse v ꤟꤢꤙꤢꤟꤢꤏꤛꤣ ꤋꤛꤢꤜꤢ /he˦bɛ˨he˦ʃɯᵊ˧ kʰje˧lu˧/

convinced v ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤒꤟꤛꤢ /ta˨ne˨ thja˦/cook v ꤤꤖꤥ /i˨pʰo˧/; der. ꤖꤥꤢ v ꤤꤙꤢ /i˨bɯ˧/;

cook in coals

cooked adj ꤏꤝꤤ /sʰwi˦/; cooked rice adj ꤝꤥ /wo˧/cool adj ꤊꤢꤡꤟꤢ /ka˨dʒu˦/ v ꤕꤢꤜꤝꤤ /pa˨lwi˧/;

cooling

cooperate v ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢꤗꤟꤢꤡꤢ /me˨ plɔ˦me˨ dʒɯ˧/cooperation n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢꤗꤟꤢꤡꤢ

/tɛ˨ me˨ plɔ˦me˨ dʒɯ˧/; grouped together

copper n ꤊꤚꤢ /kre˧/ n ꤒꤢꤜꤤ /ta˨li˧/copulate v ꤠꤛꤢ /vja˨/copy v ꤗꤟꤢꤙꤢꤙꤢ /me˨ ba˦bɯ˧/; imitate

cord n ꤤꤕꤜꤤ /i˨pli˦/core of tree n ꤊꤤ /ki˦/coriander n ꤖꤥꤡꤟꤤꤜꤢ /pʰo˧dʒi ˧ lɛ˨/corn n ꤏꤤꤜꤢ /ʃi˨lɔ˧/; der. ꤋꤢꤞꤢ

corner n ꤢꤔꤟꤢ /a˨na˦ /corpse n ꤜꤟꤌꤣꤒꤟꤥ /lɯᵊ˧to˨/; dead body

correct v ꤤꤞꤛꤥꤚꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢ /i˨ʂjo˦rja˦ka˨ / adj ꤒꤥ /to˧/; correct; right; der. ꤢꤒꤥꤢꤙꤢ

exactly right adj ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤥꤒꤟꤢꤙꤢ /ta˧ to˧ta˧ bɛ˨/corrode v ꤓꤢꤤꤓꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ /tʰe˨i˨tʰe˨krɔ˨ /corrosion n ꤒꤟꤢꤓꤢꤤꤓꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ tʰe˨i˨tʰe˨krɔ˨ /;

rust

cost n ꤢꤍꤟꤢ /a˨ŋu˨/costly adj ꤍꤟꤢꤘꤢꤕꤚꤟꤤꤘꤢ /ŋṳ˨du˨pri ˨ du˨/; the

cost is great; der. ꤍꤟꤢꤘꤢ

cotton n ꤒꤢꤖꤛꤢ /ta˨pʰja˦/; der. ꤒꤢꤖꤛꤢꤗꤟꤢ

cotton gin n ꤤꤊꤟꤥ /i˨ko˨/; machine that separates the seeds from the cotton

cough v ꤒꤢꤋꤢ /ta˨kʰɯ˦/counsel n ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤑꤢ /tɛ˨ dʒja˨tɛ˨ ɲa˨/

counselor n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢꤡꤛꤢ /prɛ˨ dje˦dʒja˨/; adviser

count v ꤘꤛꤢꤗꤢ /dja˨ma˦/; der. ꤘꤛꤢ ꤗꤢꤒꤥ

country n ꤓꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢ /tʰje˧ke˦ /; der. ꤊꤟꤢ n

ꤊꤟꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣ /ke˦ mɯᵊ/country at peace phr ꤊꤟꤢꤞꤛꤣꤊꤟꤢꤊꤚꤢ

/ke˦ ʂɯᵊ˨ke˦ kre˧/couple n ꤔꤛꤢꤞꤛꤣ /nje˧ʂɯᵊ˧/; two or three n

ꤗꤢꤠꤟꤢ /me˧vɛ˨ /; wife-husband

courage n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤋꤢꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦plɔ˨kʰɯ˧ha˦/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢ

courageous adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤋꤢꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨kʰɯ˧ha˧/; der. ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤋꤢ ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤟꤢ; ꤋꤢꤟꤢ; ꤟꤢ n ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤟꤢ ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤊꤢꤊꤢ /ka˨ja˧ha˧ ka˨ja˧ka˧kɛ˨/; a person with courage

court n ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤤꤚꤛꤢꤟꤥ /tɛ˨ ʤi˨rja˨ho˧/; place of punishment; der. ꤜꤟꤢꤡꤤꤚꤛꤢ ꤢꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ

courtyard n ꤟꤤꤠꤟꤤꤊꤢ /hi˨vi ˧ ku˧/; within the wall around the house

cousin n ꤕꤟꤌꤣꤙꤢ /pɯᵊbu˧/cousin (first) n ꤒꤣꤕꤟꤌꤣꤙꤢ /tə˨pɯᵊbu˧/cousin (second) n ꤔꤛꤢꤕꤟꤌꤣꤙꤢ /nje˧pɯᵊ˦bu˧/

covenant n ꤒꤟꤢꤣꤜꤟꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ə˧lja˨ /; agreement; promise; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤜꤟꤛꤢ v ꤢꤗꤢꤏꤢ /e˨ma˨sʰɛ˨/

cover v ꤤꤓꤢ /i˨tʰɔ˦/; with a blanket v

ꤊꤢꤊꤟꤌꤣꤙꤤ /kɛ˧kɯᵊbi˦/ v ꤕꤜꤢꤙꤤ /plɯ˧bi˦/; bury v ꤗꤟꤢꤙꤤ /me˨ bi˦/; cover; shut v

ꤡꤢꤢꤙꤤ /dʒa˨ɔ˦bi˦/; cover over n ꤋꤢꤘꤢ /kʰu˨dɔ˦/; i.e. bottle cap v ꤒꤟꤤꤙꤤ /ti ˨ bi˦/; to cover your ears

covered adj ꤊꤜꤥ /klo˦/ adj ꤤꤕꤜꤢ /i˨plɯ˨/; covered with water

cow n ꤕꤟꤢ /pṳ˦/; der. ꤕꤟꤢꤊꤢꤜꤤ; ꤕꤟꤢꤤꤜꤢ;

ꤕꤟꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣ; ꤕꤟꤢꤖꤢ

cowardly adj ꤒꤢꤚꤟꤌꤣ /ta˨rɯᵊ˨/crab n ꤏꤛꤥ /ʃwo˨/; der. ꤏꤝꤥ

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crack v ꤖꤢꤚꤢ /pʰɛ˦re˦/; shatter

cracked adj ꤕꤟꤢꤖꤢ /pɔ˦ pʰɛ˦/; exploded

cradle n ꤤꤡꤟꤢ /i˨ʤɔ˧ /crash v ꤕꤟꤢꤙꤢ /pɔ˦ bɛ˨/; i.e. car crash

crawl v ꤕꤢꤍꤟꤢꤡꤛꤣ /pu˧ŋɔ˧ dʒɯ˦/crayon n ꤜꤤꤙꤥꤢꤜꤢ /li˨bo˧a˨la˨/crazy adj ꤒꤢꤗꤝꤤꤞꤢꤚꤟꤢ /ta˨mwi˧ʂɛ˧rɛ˨ /; der.

ꤒꤢꤗꤝꤤ

create v ꤙꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤒꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /bja˦lja˨ te˧lja˨ /; der. ꤙꤛꤢ; ꤙꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ; ꤒꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ

create anew phr ꤙꤛꤢꤒꤢꤕꤜꤢꤞꤢ /bja˦ta˨ple˨ʂɛ˧/creation n ꤒꤟꤢꤙꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ bja˦lja˨ /; created

things; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤙꤢꤙꤛꤢ

creator n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤙꤛꤢ /prɛ˨ bja˦/crevasse n ꤊꤚꤢ /krɔ˧/crime n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɯ˦/; sin; mistake

cripple n ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤘꤢꤒꤢ /ka˨ja˧ da˦tɔ˧/; der. ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤘꤢꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ

crippled adj ꤋꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣꤒꤟꤢ /kʰa˧dɯᵊ˨tɯ˧/; foot is cut off adj ꤘꤢꤒꤢ /da˦tɔ˧/; der. ꤘꤢꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ

criticism n ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤤꤏꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ pa˨ʤje˦ i˨ʃje˦/

criticize v ꤕꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤤꤏꤛꤢ /pa˨ʤje˦ i˨ʃje˦/; der. ꤕꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢ

crocodile n ꤒꤢꤐꤟꤢ /ta˨zɛ˦ /crooked adj ꤊꤢꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ka˨plja˨ /; liar; crooked

person; der. ꤊꤢ v ꤡꤢꤒꤥ /ʤɔ˦to˨/; not straight adj ꤒꤢꤊꤤꤒꤢꤊꤟꤢ /ta˨ki˧ta˨ka˨ /; crooked road; der. ꤒꤢꤊꤟꤢ

crop n ꤞꤢꤞꤢꤠꤢꤖꤥ /ʂɔ˨ʂɛ˨vɛ˨pʰo˧/; fruit-flower n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤙꤥ /tɛ˨ mɔ˦ tɛ˨ bo˧/; general word for vegetation n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤒꤟꤢꤖꤥ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˨tɛ˨ pʰo˧/; fruit or harvest

good crop-fruit phr ꤞꤢꤒꤝꤟꤥꤞꤢꤚꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˨two˦ ʂɛ˨rja˦/

cross n ꤒꤥꤜꤛꤢꤟꤤꤓꤢ /to˧lja˧hi˨tʰɯ˨/; the Christian cross n ꤟꤤꤓꤢꤘꤤꤊꤢ /hi˨tʰɯ˨di˦kɛ˨/

crossbow n ꤊꤜꤛꤢ /klje˨/crow v ꤤꤢ /i˨u˨/; der. ꤤꤢꤒꤢꤐꤛꤢ; ꤤꤢꤓꤛꤢ n

ꤡꤢꤠꤢ /dʒɔ˦vɛ˨/crowd n ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤙꤢꤗꤟꤢ /ka˨ja˧ bɛ˦mṳ˨/; der.

ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤙꤢꤊꤜꤢꤙꤢꤗꤟꤢ v ꤒꤢꤘꤝꤤꤒꤢꤏꤛꤢ /ta˨dwi˦ta˨ʃja˨/

crowded adj ꤥꤕꤜꤢꤥꤖꤢ /o˨plu˨o˨pʰɛ˨/; der. ꤥꤕꤜꤢ; ꤥꤕꤜꤢꤥꤕꤜꤢ

crowding v ꤒꤢꤘꤝꤤꤒꤢꤏꤛꤢ /ta˨dwi˦ta˨ʃja˨/crown v ꤊꤜꤝꤟꤥꤓꤛꤢ /klwo˧tʰja˨/; to crown or

place on the head n ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤝꤟꤥꤓꤢ /kʰu˨klwo˧tʰɛ˧/; gold crown

cruel v ꤗꤟꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤡꤢ /me˨ dʒje˧ dʒɯ˨/; to treat severely; persecute

crumbs n ꤏꤢꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤟꤌꤣꤒꤟꤢꤠꤟꤢ /sʰɛ˨e˨ ta˧ kɯᵊta˧ vɛ˧ /; food that has fallen

crush v ꤗꤢ ꤊꤢꤕꤚꤟꤤ /mɯ˨ ka˨pri ˧ / v

ꤐꤟꤤꤒꤟꤢ /zi ˦ ta˧ /; crush with the foot

cry v ꤍꤟꤌꤣ /ŋɯᵊ/; der. ꤍꤟꤌꤣꤙꤢꤟꤢꤏꤤ;

ꤍꤟꤌꤣꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢ; ꤍꤟꤌꤣꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢꤍꤟꤌꤣꤚꤟꤛꤢ; ꤍꤟꤌꤣꤞꤛꤢꤍꤟꤌꤣꤥ v ꤗꤢꤞꤢꤓꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /mɛ˨ʂɛ˨tʰje˧ta˧ /; der. ꤗꤢꤞꤢꤓꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ

cucumber n ꤘꤛꤢꤞꤢ /dje˧ʂɛ˨/culture n ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢꤘꤢꤞꤢꤚꤛꤢ

/te˨ dʒɛ˦ dɛ˨ʂa˧rja˧/; der. ꤜꤟꤢꤊꤜꤥ

cumin n ꤋꤢꤗꤢ /kʰa˨mɛ˦/; transliteration of the spice cumin

cup n ꤙꤢ /be˧/; der. ꤓꤛꤢꤙꤢ

cure v ꤐꤢꤜꤢꤗꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ /za˨la˨me˦ ka˨ /; der. ꤐꤢꤏꤤꤗꤟꤢ adj ꤚꤟꤤ /ri ˨ /

curled adj ꤘꤢꤋꤟꤌꤣ /da˦kʰɯᵊ˧/; curled up; der. ꤥꤗꤛꤢ ꤘꤢꤋꤟꤌꤣ

currency n ꤚꤢ /rɯ˧/; money

current n ꤓꤛꤢꤓꤝꤤꤊꤜꤥ /tʰje˧tʰwi˦klo˧/; water flow

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curry n ꤤꤞꤝꤤ /i˨ʂwi˦/curse v ꤤꤏꤢꤟꤢ /i˨sʰɔ˧ha˧/; der. ꤤꤏꤢꤤꤙꤢ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ sʰɔ˧ha˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤤꤏꤢꤤꤙꤢ

curtain n ꤤꤊꤟꤢꤙꤢꤘꤢ /i˨kɛ˧ ba˨du˨/; large cloth n ꤙꤢꤢꤜꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤙꤤ /bɛ˨u˧le˦ me˨ bi˦/

curve n ꤒꤢꤊꤟꤢ /ta˨ka˨ /curvy adj ꤒꤢꤊꤤꤒꤢꤊꤟꤢ /ta˨ki˧ta˨ka˨ /; crooked;

not straight; der. ꤒꤢꤊꤟꤢ

custom n ꤜꤟꤢꤊꤜꤥ /le˦ klo˧/; der. ꤜꤟꤢꤊꤜꤥꤜꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ n ꤚꤥꤚꤛꤢ /ro˨rja˧/; folklore

cut v ꤤꤡꤤ /i˨ʤi˧/; cutting hair v ꤤꤡꤟꤥꤒꤟꤢ /i˨ʤo˧ tɯ˧/ v ꤤꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ /i˨kɛ˦ ka˨ /; cutting of small things; der. ꤊꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ v ꤐꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ /zɔ˦ kɛ˦ ka˨ /; to cut off a branch v ꤕꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /pa˧ tɯ˧/; to cut or slice with an ax or sword; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ v ꤘꤢ /cut with a knife/; cut back and forth; sawing v ꤖꤟꤌꤣꤊꤛꤢ /pʰɯᵊ˧kje˧/; split; cut with knife v ꤓꤛꤢ /tʰja˧/ v ꤕꤚꤢꤖꤢ /pra˧pʰɛ/; cut open; operate

cute adj ꤞꤢꤒꤢꤡꤢ /ʂɛ˦ta˨ʤa˦/; cute baby; der. ꤒꤝꤟꤥ ꤞꤢꤒꤢꤡꤢ ꤋꤥꤘꤢ

cymbal n ꤡꤢꤡꤛꤢ /ʤa˦ʤje˦/

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D d

daily adv ꤕꤝꤟꤥꤑꤢꤕꤝꤟꤥꤞꤢ /pwo˧ɲe˧pwo˧ ʂɛ˧/dam n ꤓꤛꤢꤋꤟꤢ /tʰje˧kʰɔ˨ ˨˨/damage v ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤛꤢ /me˨ pje˦/damaged adj ꤢꤕꤛꤢꤢꤜꤟꤢ /a˨pje˦a˨lu˦/dance v ꤤꤜꤢ /i˨le˧/; der. ꤤꤜꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤤꤜꤢꤗꤟꤛꤢ

v ꤕꤢꤑꤟꤢ ꤜꤢꤠꤟꤢ /pa˨ɲa˦ la˨vɔ˧ /danger n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢꤞꤢ ꤞꤢꤤꤏꤢ /tɛ˨ ta˨rɔ˨ ʂɛ˦

ʂɛ˦i˨sʰe˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢ

dangerous adj ꤞꤢꤤꤏꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˦i˨ʃe˧dʒja˦ /; frightening

dare v ꤥꤙꤢ /o˨bɯ˨/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤙꤢ v

ꤢꤊꤟꤢꤢꤏꤝꤢ /ɛ˦kɯ˦ɛ˦sʰwe˧/daring adj ꤙꤢ /bɯ˨/; der. ꤙꤢꤒꤥ

dark adj ꤋꤤꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ /kʰi˦ta˨rɯ˨/; der. ꤢꤋꤤ;

ꤋꤤꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢ adj ꤗꤟꤢꤋꤤꤢ /mɔ˦ kʰi˦ɔ˦/; early in the morning before it's still light

darken v ꤗꤟꤢꤋꤤꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢ /me˨ kʰi˦me˨ ta˨pa˨ /; to cause to not see; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤋꤤ

darkness n ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤤꤒꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ kʰi˦tɛ˨ lɔ˨ /; der. ꤋꤤ; ꤢꤋꤤ; ꤋꤤꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤤ; ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤤꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢ adj ꤋꤤꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ

date n ꤑꤢꤞꤢ /ɲe˧ʂɛ˧/; day

daughter n ꤖꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤢ /pʰu˦prɛ˨ mɔ˨/; der. ꤖꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤢꤖꤢ n ꤖꤢꤗꤢ /pʰu˦mɔ˨/; term of endearment

daughter-in-law n ꤘꤛꤢ /dja˨/dawn n ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤤꤙꤢ /mɔ˦ li˧bu˧/; daybreak; der.

ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤤꤚꤟꤥ

day n ꤗꤟꤢꤑꤢ /mɔ˦ ɲe˧/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤑꤢꤗꤟꤢꤞꤢ

day after tomorrow phr ꤏꤥꤠꤤ /sʰo˧vi˦/day off (holiday) n ꤗꤟꤢꤑꤢꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣ

/mo˦ ɲe˧o˨kɯᵊ˦/daytime n ꤗꤟꤢꤏꤢꤊꤜꤢ /mɔ˦ sʰɛ˧klɛ˧/

dead adj ꤞꤛꤢꤟꤢ /ʂje˧hɔ˦/; der. ꤞꤢꤒꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢꤊꤛꤢ

n ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤞꤛꤢ /ka˨ja˧ʂje˧/deaf adj ꤋꤢꤜꤢꤊꤢꤢ /kʰa˧lɛ˨ka˨ɔ˧/deal v ꤤꤏꤢꤤꤕꤚꤟꤤ /i˨sʰɛ˧i˨pri ˨ /; buy and sell

death n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂje˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣꤖꤢ

debt n ꤏꤢ /sʰu˨/; der. ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤏꤢ; ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤏꤢꤥ;

ꤏꤢꤥ

decay v ꤞꤢ /ʂɔ˧/deceive v ꤊꤜꤝꤥꤜꤢꤟꤥ /klwo˨la˨ho˧/; disguise-lie

v ꤜꤢꤟꤥꤢꤢ /la˨ho˧e˨u˧/; der. ꤜꤢꤟꤥꤜꤟꤛꤢ;

ꤜꤢꤟꤥꤜꤢꤠꤟꤛꤢ v ꤤꤜꤥꤜꤢꤟꤥ /i˨lo˨la˨ho˧/; to tempt

deceiver n ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢ /ka˨ja˧ka˨ /; crooked person n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤤꤜꤥꤤꤜꤛꤢ /prɛ˨ i˨lo˨i˨lja˦/

December n ꤘꤤꤐꤟꤢꤙꤣ /di˨ze˨ bə˨/; borrowed word from English

deception n ꤒꤟꤢꤤꤜꤥ ꤜꤢꤟꤥꤢ ꤢ /tɛ˨ i˨lo˨ la˨ho˧e˨ u˧/

decide v ꤒꤢꤐꤛꤢꤥꤔꤟꤢ /ta˨zje˨o˨ne˨ / v

ꤘꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ /dja˨lja˨ ʂɛ˦plɔ˨/; der. ꤙꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ

decision n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤐꤛꤢꤥꤔꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ta˨zje˨o˨ne˨ /declare v ꤟꤢꤏꤥ ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /he˦sʰo˨ ta˧ lɯᵊ˧/decompose v ꤖꤢꤊꤚꤢꤞꤢꤚꤟꤢ /pʰa˦kra˧ʂɔ˧re˦ /;

when a seed decomposes in the soil

decorate v ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤝꤟꤥꤗꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢ /me˨ two˦ me˨ rja˦/

decrease v ꤛꤥ /jo˨/; der. ꤛꤥꤊꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ v

ꤒꤟꤢꤛꤝꤥ /ta˧ zjo˨/; decrease in amount

dedicate v ꤙꤢꤡꤢꤏꤢ /be˨ʤa˧sʰɛ˧/; put-holy

deduct v ꤓꤢꤓꤢ /tʰɔ˦tʰe˨/deep adj ꤐꤟꤢ /za˧ /; der. ꤐꤛꤢ

deepen v ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢ /me˨ ta˧ za˧ /

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deer n ꤊꤚꤢ /krɔ˦/; der. ꤊꤚꤢꤖꤢ; ꤊꤚꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣ n

ꤒꤢꤋꤛꤢ /ta˨kʰje˧/; yellow deer

deer (yellow) n ꤒꤢꤋꤛꤢ /ta˨kʰje˧/defeat v ꤕꤢ /pe˦/; win

defecate v ꤤꤓꤢ /i˨tʰe˨/defend v ꤟꤢ ꤜꤢꤕꤜꤢꤔꤟꤤ ꤔꤟꤢꤔꤟꤢ /he˦

la˨plɛ˦ni ˦ nɛ˨ ne˦ /; to speak in defense of yourself; der. ꤟꤢꤙꤢꤏꤤꤕꤜꤢ v ꤋꤢꤏꤢꤏꤢ /kʰa˨sʰa˦ʃɯ˨/; to fight in defense v ꤒꤢꤊꤟꤢꤔꤟꤤ

/ta˨kɛ˨ ni ˦ /; protect

defense n ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢꤏꤤꤕꤜꤢ /tɛ˨ he˦bɛ˨ʃi˧plɛ˦/; speaking in defense of oneself

definitely adv ꤢꤒꤟꤢꤢꤒꤟꤢ /a˨ta˧ a˨te˨ /definitely not adv ꤔꤟꤢꤒꤥ /na˦ to˨/defraud v ꤢꤒꤟꤢꤥꤕꤜꤢ /e˨tɯ˧o˧plɛ˨/delay v ꤗꤟꤢꤋꤢꤗꤟꤢꤐꤢ /me˨ kʰɔ˧me˨ zɔ˧/; to put

off; hesitate; do slowly; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤟꤛꤢꤐꤟꤢ

delete v ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤜꤤꤊꤛꤢ /me˨ pli˧kja˧/deliberate v ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ta˨ne˨ ta˧ te˨ /;

think-carefully; der. ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢꤕꤜꤤ

deliberately adj ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢꤊꤢ /me˨ ta˨kɛ˨/; to do on purpose

delicate adj ꤢꤡꤟꤢꤢꤔꤢ /a˨dʒɛ˦a˨nu˦/delicious adj ꤢꤠꤤꤢꤏꤢ /a˨vi˨a˨ʃɯ˧/; tasty; der.

ꤢꤠꤤ

deliver v ꤗꤟꤢꤏꤤꤕꤜꤢ /me˨ ʃi˧plɛ˦/; cause to escape

deliverance n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤤꤕꤜꤢ /tɛ˨ ʃi˧plɛ˦/delusion n ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤢꤟꤥꤡꤟꤛꤢꤘꤢ

/tɛ˨ la˨ho˧ʤja˦ dɛ˨/; clever lie

demand n ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤝꤤꤓꤛꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /tɛ˨ kwi˧tʰja˨lɯᵊ˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤝꤤꤕꤜꤤ

democracy n ꤘꤟꤤꤗꤥꤊꤚꤢꤎꤤ /di ˨ mo˨kre˨si˨/; borrowed word from English

demolish v ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /me˨ ta˧ prɔ˨ /

demon n ꤋꤤꤔꤢꤋꤤꤔꤢ /kʰi˧ne˦kʰi˧nɔ˧/; der. ꤋꤤꤔꤢ; ꤋꤤꤔꤢꤗꤢꤗꤟꤛꤢ; ꤋꤤꤔꤢꤚꤤꤡꤟꤛꤢ n ꤜꤟꤌꤣꤔꤢ ꤗꤢꤗꤟꤛꤢ; evil spirit

dental disease n ꤋꤢꤋꤛꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤ /kʰu˨kʰje˧ tɛ˨ ʃwi˦/

dentist n ꤋꤢꤋꤛꤢ ꤞꤢꤚꤢ /kʰu˨kʰje˧ ʂa˦ra˦/; teeth doctor

deny v ꤓꤢꤙꤤꤗꤟꤢꤙꤤ /tʰe˦bi˦me˨ bi˦/; der. ꤓꤢꤙꤤ;

ꤓꤢꤏꤢ; ꤓꤢꤏꤢꤙꤤꤊꤛꤢ; ꤏꤢꤗꤝꤥ v ꤊꤚꤢꤏꤢꤕꤜꤤ /kre˦sʰɯ˨pli˦/ v ꤛꤥ /jo˨/; deny/refuse/do not want to give to

depart v ꤓꤢ /tʰe˨/; leave; exit; der. ꤓꤢꤡꤛꤣ

department n ꤗꤢꤙꤥ /ma˦bo˧/departure time n ꤓꤢꤡꤛꤣ ꤢꤏꤛꤣꤢꤋꤢ /tʰe˨dʒɯ˦

a˨ʃɯᵊ˦a˨kʰɛ˧/depend v ꤞꤢꤜꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦lɛ˨ /; der. ꤞꤢꤜꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢꤔꤟꤤ

v ꤡꤟꤢ /ʤṳ˦/; up to you; depends on you v

ꤒꤢꤒꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ta˨te˨tʰja˨/deplete v ꤛꤥꤊꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /jo˨ka˨lja˨ /; decrease

deposit v ꤙꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ ꤚꤢ /be˨nɯᵊ˧ rɯ˧/; to put in money

descend v ꤒꤟꤢ /ta˧ /; der. ꤟꤤꤒꤟꤢ v ꤊꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ka˨lja˨ /; to step off or get off something like a car; be descended from; der. ꤜꤟꤛꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ v ꤟꤤꤒꤟꤢ /hi˦ta˧ /; to descend down a mountain;

descendants n ꤊꤜꤝꤤꤊꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /klwi˧ka˨lja˨ /; der. ꤊꤜꤝꤤꤜꤛꤢꤖꤢ; ꤖꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤜꤟꤢ

descended from phr ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤜꤝꤤꤒꤟꤢꤜꤛꤢ ꤊꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ta˧ klwi˧ta˧ lja˧ ka˨lja˨ /; down-relative-down; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ v ꤤꤡꤢꤒꤟꤢ /i˦ʤɯ˧ta˧ /

describe v ꤟꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /he˦lɯᵊ˧/; der. ꤘꤛꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ

desert v ꤊꤟꤢꤖꤢꤊꤛꤢ /ka˨ pʰe˨kja˧/; to leave; der. ꤓꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ n ꤊꤟꤢꤏꤢꤓꤛꤢꤊꤛꤢ ꤜꤟꤢꤒꤢꤗꤢꤋꤢ

/ke˦ sʰɛ˧tʰje˧kja˨ lɔ˦ ta˨ma˦kʰu˨/; wilderness; der. ꤊꤜꤢ; ꤜꤟꤢꤒꤢꤗꤢꤗꤢ ꤑꤟꤢꤋꤢ n ꤜꤟꤢꤗꤤꤏꤥꤊꤜꤢ /la˦ mi˨sʰo˨klɛ˧/

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deserve v ꤊꤢꤙꤢ /kɔ˨bɛ˨/; der. ꤒꤥꤊꤢꤔꤟꤤ

desire v ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤥ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨o˨/ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢꤞꤢꤜꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ sɛ˦zɯ˦ʂɛ˦lɔ˧ /despise v ꤞꤢꤒꤢꤋꤥ /ʂɛ˦ta˨kʰo˧/dessert n ꤊꤢꤗꤢ /kɔ˦mu˧/destroy v ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤛꤢ /me˨ pje˦/; der.

ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤛꤢꤗꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ; ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤛꤢꤕꤜꤢ v -ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /-ta˧ prɔ˨ /; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ v

ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤚꤌꤣ /me˨ prɯᵊ˦/destructible adj ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤛꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢ /me˨ pje˦ʤja˦ /;

able to be destroyed

destruction n ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ pje˦tɛ˨ kja˧/; brokenness n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ me˨ ta˧ prɔ˨ kja˧/; the work of destruction

details n ꤒꤟꤢꤚꤤꤒꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ri˨tɛ˨ kja˧/; news; information; der. ꤢꤚꤤꤢꤊꤛꤢ

detestable adj ꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢꤞꤢꤚꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˦zɔ˦ ʂɛ˦rja˧/develop v ꤗꤟꤢꤘꤢꤓꤛꤢꤓꤢꤓꤛꤢ

/me˨ du˨tʰja˨tʰu˧tʰja˨/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤘꤢꤓꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ

development n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤢꤓꤛꤢꤓꤢꤓꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ du˨tʰja˨tʰu˨tʰja˨/

devil n ꤋꤤꤔꤢꤚꤤꤡꤟꤛꤢ ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢ /kʰi˧ne˦ri˨dʒja˦ kʰu˨klɔ˦/; satan; the head of demons; der. ꤖꤤꤞꤢꤜꤢ

devoted adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤤꤡꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨i˦ʤɯ˧/; heart-joined adv ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ /krɯ˧krɯ˧/; devotedly

dew n ꤓꤛꤢꤒꤢꤏꤤ /tʰje˧ta˨ʃi˦/diabetes n ꤤꤏꤛꤢꤏꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤ /i˨ʃje˨ʃɯ˧ tɛ˨ ʃwi˦/dialogue v ꤟꤢꤙꤢ ꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤟꤛꤢꤑꤢ /he˦bɛ˨

ka˨ kʰje˧hja˧ɲe˧/diamond n ꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢ /lɔ˦ ʂe˦/diarrhea n ꤏꤢꤟꤢꤜꤟꤥ /sʰɛ˧˧ ˧hɔ˦lo˨/; hurts in the

abdominal area n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤤ /klja˦i˨/dictionary n ꤍꤟꤥꤡꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢ /ŋo˦ʤɔ˦ za˧ /; der.

ꤜꤤꤍꤟꤥꤡꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢ

die v ꤞꤛꤢ /ʂje˧/; der. ꤞꤢꤒꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢꤊꤛꤢ v

ꤋꤢꤞꤛꤢ /kʰa˨ʂje˧/; die for

about to die phr ꤊꤟꤢꤚꤟꤢ ꤞꤛꤢꤒꤢꤜꤤ /kɯ˦re˦ ʂje˧ta˨li˦/

different adv ꤋꤥꤘꤢ /kʰo˦dɯ˨/; der. ꤋꤥ; ꤋꤥꤋꤛꤢ;

ꤥꤋꤢꤘꤢ; ꤥꤋꤥꤊꤛꤢ adv ꤋꤥꤜꤢ /kʰo˦lu˧/; different from each other; der. ꤥꤋꤥꤜꤢ; ꤋꤥꤋꤛꤢꤜꤢ

very different adj ꤋꤥꤊꤛꤢꤜꤢ /kʰo˦kja˧la˧/difficult adj ꤕꤟꤛꤢꤛꤢꤕꤟꤛꤢꤏꤢ /pja˦ jɛ˦pja˦ sʰɛ˧/;

der. ꤕꤟꤛꤢ; ꤕꤟꤛꤢꤏꤢ; ꤕꤟꤛꤢꤛꤢꤜꤢ; ꤢꤕꤟꤛꤢꤜꤢ adj ꤒꤢꤋꤢ /ta˨kʰa˦/

difficulty n ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢ /tɛ˨ pja˦ tɛ ˨ sʰɛ˧/; problem; trouble

dig v ꤤꤋꤢ /i˨kʰɯ˨/; der. ꤤꤋꤢꤊꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ;

ꤤꤋꤢꤒꤟꤢ; ꤤꤋꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ; ꤤꤋꤢꤥ v ꤤꤖꤌꤣꤤꤠꤟꤢ /i˨pʰɯᵊ˧i˨vɛ˧ /; der. ꤤꤖꤌꤣ; ꤠꤟꤢ

dim adj ꤢꤚꤟꤌꤣ /ɔ˦rɯᵊ/ adj ꤕꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /pa˨lɯᵊ˦/dining room n ꤜꤟꤢꤢꤥꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ /le˦ e˨o˧kʰa˧le˦ /dinner n ꤗꤟꤢꤟꤢꤏꤢꤢ /mɔ˦ he˦sʰɛ˨e˨/; evening-

food; der. ꤘꤤꤗꤟꤢꤟꤢ

dip v ꤡꤟꤛꤢ /dʒje˧ /; scoop

direct v ꤐꤟꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /zu˧klja˦/; guide

direction n ꤡꤤ /dʒi˦/directive n ꤐꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤕꤜꤤ /zu˧ta˧ pli˦/; der.

ꤒꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤕꤜꤤ

dirt n ꤊꤚꤛꤢ /krje˨/ n ꤟꤢ /he˨/; earth

dirty adj ꤒꤢꤕꤚꤥꤒꤢꤕꤚꤢ /ta˨pro˦ta˨pra˨/; der. ꤒꤢꤕꤚꤥ

disagree v ꤡꤟꤢꤒꤥ /ʤṳ˧to˨/; not agree; object to v

ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ ꤜꤟꤢꤋꤥꤋꤛꤢꤜꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨ lṳ˨kʰo˦kʰje˧lu˧/; hearts going different directions

disagreeing v ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢꤒꤥ /krɯ˧klɛ˧to˨/; to not get along; to not be at peace with each other

disappear v ꤏꤤꤗꤟꤢ /ʃi˧me˦ / v ꤜꤢꤗꤟꤢ /la˨me˦ /disappointed adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ ꤗꤟꤥꤒꤥ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˦

mo˨to˨/; unhappy heart adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤕꤛꤢ

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/ʂɛ˦plɔ˨pje˦/discard v ꤠꤤꤊꤛꤢ /vi˧kja˧/; throw away

disciple n ꤋꤥꤕꤢꤡꤟꤢ /kʰo˧pa˨ʤɛ˦ /discipline v ꤕꤜꤤ /pli˦/; physically punish

disciplined adj ꤚꤟꤢ ꤙꤢꤔꤟꤤ ꤢꤔꤟꤢ /rɔ˨ bɛ˦ni ˦ a˨ne˦ /

disclose v ꤗꤟꤢꤓꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /me˨ tʰe˨lɯᵊ˧/discouraged adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤕꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨pje˦/; lose

heart; give up; broken heart

discredit v ꤗꤟꤢꤗꤝꤟꤤꤕꤟꤤꤓꤛꤢꤞꤤ /me˨ mwi ˨ pi ˧ tʰje˧ʂi˦/; disrepute

discriminate v ꤗꤛꤢꤕꤢꤒꤤ /mja˦pa˨ti˦/; look down on

discuss v ꤟꤢꤙꤢꤘꤣꤑꤢ /he˦bɛ˨də˨ɲa˧/; der. ꤘꤣꤑꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢ v ꤟꤢꤙꤢ ꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤟꤛꤢꤑꤢ /he˦bɛ˨ ka˨ kʰje˧hja˧ɲe˧/

discussion n ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢꤘꤣꤑꤢ /tɛ˨ he˦bɛ˨də˨ɲa˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤣꤑꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢ

disdain v ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤕꤢꤒꤤ /ta˨ne˨ pa˨ti˦/; to look down on

disease n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤ /tɛ˨ ʃwi˦/; sickness

disembark v ꤊꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ka˨ta˧ /disguise v ꤊꤜꤝꤥꤢꤔꤟꤢ /klwo˨a˨ne˦ /; der. ꤊꤜꤝꤥ

disgusting adj ꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢꤞꤢꤚꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˦zɔ˦ ʂɛ˦rja˧/; der. ꤏꤤꤐꤟꤢ; ꤐꤟꤢ adj ꤒꤢꤕꤚꤥꤚꤤꤡꤟꤛꤢ /ta˨pro˦ri˨dʒja˦ /; dirty; foul

dish n ꤤꤞꤝꤤꤙꤢ /i˨ʂwi˦be˧/; curry dish n

ꤘꤤꤙꤢ /di˧be˧/; dish

dishonest adj ꤊꤢ /ka˨/; liar; dishonest; crooked; lie; der. ꤊꤟꤢ

disinterested adj ꤞꤢꤒꤢꤋꤥ /ʂɛ˦ta˨kʰo˧/; dislike v

ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤕꤢꤒꤥ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨pa˧to˨/dislike v ꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢ ꤒꤥ /ʂɛ˦zɯ˦ to˨/; to not want v

ꤞꤢꤒꤢꤋꤥ /ʂɛ˦ta˨kʰo˧/; der. ꤞꤢꤒꤢꤊꤢ;

ꤒꤢꤋꤥꤒꤢꤋꤛꤢ

disown v ꤓꤢꤏꤢꤙꤤꤊꤛꤢ /tʰe˦sʰɯ˨bi˦kja˧/; to deny; der. ꤏꤢꤗꤝꤥ

disperse v ꤠꤟꤤꤕꤢꤏꤤ /vi ˧ pa˨ʃi˧/; to throw-scatter adv ꤏꤤꤕꤚꤛꤢ /ʃi˨prja˧/; scattered; dispersed v

ꤜꤟꤢꤕꤢꤏꤤ /lu˧pa˨ʃi˧/; spread

display v ꤘꤛꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /dje˦lɯᵊ˧/dispose v ꤠꤤꤊꤛꤢ /vi˧kja˧/; throw away

dispute v ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤜꤢꤍꤢꤜꤢ /klje˦lu˧ŋa˧lu˧/ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤚꤢꤊꤚꤟꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ kre˦krhja˦/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤚꤢꤒꤛꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ klje˦/

disrobe v ꤕꤜꤝꤥꤊꤛꤢ ꤟꤛꤢꤡꤟꤢ /plwo˦kja˧ hje˨dʒa˨ /; undress; remove clothes

dissolve v ꤗꤟꤢꤙꤟꤌꤣ /me˨ bɯᵊ˨/; soften

distance n ꤢꤖꤢꤢꤐꤟꤛꤢ /a˨pʰɯ˨a˨zje˨ /distant adj ꤥꤒꤢꤖꤢꤐꤛꤢ /o˨ta˨pʰa˧zje˨/; far from

distracted adj ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤏꤢꤏꤢ /ta˨ne˨ sʰu˦sʰa˦/; think-confusing

distress n ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤡꤟꤢ /dʒje˧ dzɯ˨/; guilt; distress

distressed adj ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤗꤟꤥꤒꤥ /ta˨ne˨ mo˨ to˨/; when something or someone doesn't make you or someone else happy

distribute v ꤐꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /zṳ˦ta˧ / v ꤘꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /dje˦lja˨ /

disturb v ꤗꤟꤢꤏꤢꤏꤢ /me˨ sʰu˦sʰa˦/; bother

disturbance n ꤏꤢꤏꤤꤏꤢꤏꤢ ꤓꤛꤢ /sʰu˦ʃi˧sʰu˦sʰa˦ tʰja˨/; der. ꤏꤢꤏꤢꤓꤛꤢ

dive v ꤜꤟꤛꤢꤍꤟꤌꤣꤓꤛꤢ /lja˨ ŋɯᵊ˧tʰje˧/divide v ꤤꤙꤢ /i˨be˧/; der. ꤤꤙꤢꤖꤛꤢ; ꤤꤙꤢꤖꤢ;

ꤤꤙꤢꤢꤙꤢꤥ v ꤤꤙꤤꤖꤢꤊꤛꤢ /i˨bi˨pʰɛ˦kje˧/; der. ꤤꤙꤤꤖꤢ; ꤤꤙꤤꤊꤛꤢ v ꤐꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤊꤥ /zɔ˦ kɛ˦ ka˦ ko˨/ v ꤜꤟꤢꤋꤥꤊꤛꤢ /lṳ˨kʰo˦kja˧/; go a different way; der. ꤜꤟꤢ v ꤙꤢꤒꤟꤢ /be˨ta˧ /; divide up; distribute; share v ꤗꤟꤢꤏꤤꤕꤚꤌꤣꤏꤤꤕꤚꤛꤢ /me˨ ʃi˧prɯᵊ˦ʃi˧prja˧/; der. ꤜꤟꤢ ꤏꤤꤕꤚꤌꤣꤏꤤꤕꤚꤛꤢ

division n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤤꤕꤚꤌꤣꤏꤤꤕꤚꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ʃi˧prɯᵊ˦ʃi˧prja˧/ n ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ

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ꤜꤟꤢꤋꤥꤋꤛꤢꤜꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨ lṳ˨kʰo˦kʰje˧lu˧/divorce v ꤥꤊꤛꤢꤗꤢ /o˨kja˧me˧/; der. ꤏꤤꤕꤚꤛꤢ

divorce paper n ꤜꤤꤥꤊꤛꤢꤗꤢ /li˨o˨kja˧me˧/; divorce document

dizzy adj ꤢꤗꤟꤢ ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢ /a˨mɯ˨ kʰu˨klɔ˦/ adj ꤋꤤꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢ /kʰi˦kʰu˨klɔ˦/; darkness in the head; der. ꤋꤤꤓꤛꤢꤗꤢꤞꤢ

do v ꤗꤟꤢ /me˨ /; make

do again phr ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢꤕꤜꤢ /me˨ ta˨ple˨/; do again but in place of what was previously done

dock v ꤙꤢꤥ /ba˦o˨/; to place halfway in the water and halfway on the land

doctor n ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢꤞꤢꤚꤢꤘꤢ /tɛ˨ kʰu˨ʂa˦ra˦du˨/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢꤞꤢꤚꤢ

document n ꤜꤤꤙꤢ ꤡꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢ /li˨ba˨ dʒɔ˦ za˧ /; important document

doe n ꤊꤚꤢꤖꤢ /krɔ˦pʰɛ˧/dog n ꤓꤝꤤ /tʰwi˨/don't phr -ꤒꤢꤗꤟꤢ /-tɛ˧me˦ /; der. (verb)-ꤒꤢꤗꤟꤢ

donate v ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤢꤒꤟꤢ /me˨ lu˧tɛ˨ /; der. ꤘꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤡꤝꤟꤥ v ꤘꤛꤢꤊꤚꤢ /dje˦kra˧/; give freely

donkey n ꤗꤟꤛꤢꤢꤜꤛꤢ /mja˨ ɔ˦lja˦/donkey's colt n ꤗꤟꤛꤢꤢꤜꤛꤢ ꤒꤢꤜꤥꤖꤢ

/mja˨ ɔ˦lja˦ ta˨lo˦pʰu˦/door n ꤊꤢꤘꤢ /ka˨da˧/; der. ꤟꤤꤊꤢꤘꤢ

double-minded adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ ꤥꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨ o˨ɛ˦/; lit. many hearts

doubt v ꤚꤢꤚꤢꤚꤢꤚꤢ /ra˨rɔ˧ra˨re˨/; der. ꤚꤢꤚꤢ;

ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ ꤚꤢꤚꤢꤚꤢꤚꤢ

doubtful adj ꤜꤢꤚꤢꤜꤢꤚꤢ /la˨rɔ˧la˨re˨/; inadequate; hesitant; undecided adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤚꤢꤚꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨ra˨re˨/

douse v ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤟꤤ /me˨ pi ˧ /; to extinguish a fire

dove n ꤓꤢꤜꤝꤟꤤ /tʰu˨lwi ˦ /; der. ꤓꤢꤜꤝꤟꤤꤞꤥ

down adv ꤢꤜꤟꤢ /a˨lɛ˧ /; under; below adv ꤒꤟꤢ /ta˧ /; direction going down; der. ꤊꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ;

ꤜꤟꤛꤢ

downpour n ꤊꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢꤘꤢ /ke˦ ʤɯ˨du˨/downstairs n ꤘꤣ ꤢꤜꤟꤢ ꤒꤢꤒꤟꤥ /də˦ a˨lɛ˧

ta˨to˦/; at a level below

drag v ꤡꤝꤤꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ /ʤwi˨ta˨rṳ˦/; der. ꤡꤝꤤꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢꤓꤢꤒꤢꤢ

dragon n ꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢꤘꤢ /plja˨ du˨/drain v ꤕꤚꤟꤛꤢ /prje˧ /draw v ꤘꤢꤔꤟꤤꤓꤛꤢ /dɯ˨ni ˦ tʰje˧/; to draw water

v ꤚꤢ ꤐꤟꤢꤐꤟꤥ /ra˧ za˦ zo˨/draw back phr ꤞꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ /ʂje˦ka˨ kʰje˧/;

move/step back

dream v ꤥꤗꤛꤢꤗꤟꤛꤢ /o˨mje˧mja˦ / n

ꤒꤟꤢꤥꤗꤛꤢꤗꤟꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ o˨mje˧mja˦ / v

ꤥꤗꤛꤢꤗꤟꤛꤢꤜꤝꤥ /o˨mje˧mja˦ lwo˦/; have a vision; der. ꤗꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤜꤝꤥ

dress v ꤊꤢꤞꤛꤢ /kɯ˧ʂja˦/; general word for wearing clothes; der. ꤊꤢꤞꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ; ꤊꤢꤓꤛꤢꤞꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ v ꤞꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ʂja˦tʰja˨/; put on clothes (upper body)

dress up phr ꤒꤢꤚꤤꤏꤢꤏꤢ /ta˨ri˨sʰu˨sʰɛ˦/; der. ꤏꤢꤏꤢꤔꤟꤢ

dried adj ꤞꤤꤊꤚꤢꤊꤛꤢ /ʂi˦kra˧kja˧/drink v ꤥ /o˧/; der. ꤥꤓꤛꤢ

drinks n ꤏꤢꤥ /sʰɛ˨o˧/; der. ꤓꤛꤢꤥ

drip down v ꤜꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /la˨dʒje˧ ta˧ / v

ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤢ /ta˧ mɛ˧/drive v ꤠꤟꤢ /vɛ˦ /drive away v ꤠꤟꤢꤓꤢ /vɛ˦ tʰe˨/; to force to leave;

der. ꤠꤟꤢꤓꤢꤡꤛꤣ

drizzle v ꤊꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢꤡꤢ /ke˦ ʤɯ˨ʤa˦/drool v ꤕꤜꤟꤤꤓꤛꤢꤛꤝꤟꤥꤜꤟꤛꤢ

/pli ˨ tʰje˧zwo˨lja˨ /drop v ꤜꤢꤒꤟꤢ /la˨ta˧ /; drop down v

ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /dʒja˨ ta˧ /; let down like an anchor

dropsy n ꤛꤢꤙꤟꤌꤣꤒꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ja˦bɯᵊ˧tɔ˨ tʰje˧/drought n ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢꤊꤛꤢ /ke˦ kla˨kja˧/; country

drought; der. ꤔꤢꤊꤜꤢ

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drown v ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤢꤞꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ta˧ dʒɯ˦ʂje˧tʰje˧/; to fall in the water and die

drowsy n ꤥꤗꤛꤢꤋꤢ /o˨mje˧kʰa˧/; der. ꤞꤢꤥꤗꤛꤢ

drug n ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢ /tɛ˨ kʰu˨/drum n ꤓꤢ /tʰɔ˧/drunk adj ꤥꤗꤟꤢ /o˧mɯ˨/; der. ꤥꤗꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ;

ꤢꤗꤟꤢꤥꤕꤚꤛꤢ

drunkard n ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤢꤗꤟꤢꤥꤕꤚꤛꤢ /ka˨ja˧ e˨mɯ˨o˧prja˦/

drunkenness n ꤒꤟꤢꤢꤗꤟꤢꤥꤕꤚꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ e˨mɯ˨o˧prja˦/

dry adj ꤊꤚꤢ /kra˧/; der. ꤓꤛꤢꤞꤤ v ꤤꤜꤢꤊꤚꤢ /i˨lu˧kra˧/; dry in the sun; der. ꤜꤢꤊꤚꤢ adj ꤒꤢꤋꤛꤢ /ta˨kʰje˦/; dry and bland

dry up v ꤞꤤꤊꤚꤢ /ʂi˦kra˧/duck n ꤒꤢꤞꤢ /ta˨ʂa˦/; der. ꤒꤢꤞꤢꤗꤟꤤ

duck (brahminy) n ꤏꤛꤢꤜꤢꤗꤥ /ʃje˧la˨mo˧/ n

ꤏꤛꤢꤜꤢꤗꤥ /ʃje˧la˨mo˧/dull adj ꤕꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤞꤢ /pa˨lja˧ nɯᵊ˨ʂɛ˧/dumb n ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤕꤢ /ka˨ja˧pɛ˦/; mute person adj

ꤟꤢꤙꤢ ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤒꤥ /he˦bɛ˨ dʒja˦ to˨/; unable to speak

dump n ꤜꤟꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢꤢꤚꤝꤟꤤ ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ /le˦ klɔ˧ a˨rwi ˦ kʰa˧le˦ /; place to dump trash v

ꤊꤜꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ /klɔ˧ kja˧/; to dump out

durable adj ꤋꤝꤥ /kʰwo˦/; sturdy; der. ꤋꤢꤑꤟꤢ

durian n ꤕꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤞꤢ /pa˨lja˧ nɯᵊ˨ʂɛ˨/; der. ꤞꤢꤔꤛꤣꤤꤗꤟꤢ

during prep ꤙꤤꤔꤛꤣꤢꤋꤢ /bi˦nɯᵊ˨a˨kʰɛ˧/; lit. at that time

dusk n ꤗꤟꤢꤋꤤ ꤒꤢꤒꤤꤜꤢ /mɔ˦ kʰi˦ ta˨ti˧lɛ˦/; almost evening

dust n ꤟꤢꤗꤢ /he˨mɯ˨/dwarf n ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤒꤢꤊꤢ /ka˨ja˧ta˨kɛ˦/

dye v ꤡꤟꤢꤋꤥ ꤢꤜꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢ /dʒe˨ kʰo˦ a˨la˨ te˨ kʰu˨/; medicine to immerse and change the color; der. ꤡꤟꤢ

dysentery n ꤏꤢꤟꤢꤢ /sʰɛ˧hɔ˦a˨/

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E e

each (person) phr ꤒꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢ ꤔꤢ ꤒꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢ /tə˨prɛ˦ na˦ tə˨prɛ˦ /

each (thing) phr ꤒꤣꤡꤣ ꤔꤢ ꤒꤣꤡꤣ /tə˨dʒə˨ na tə˨dʒə˨/

each other adv ꤋꤛꤢꤜꤢ /kʰje˧lu˧/ n ꤞꤤꤔꤢꤞꤤ /ʂi˧na˦ʂi˧/; each other/ the same group/family

eager v ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤏꤛꤥ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨ʃwo˨/; der. ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤒꤢꤏꤢ

eager to do phr ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤏꤛꤥꤗꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨ʃwo˨me˨ /

eagle n ꤜꤟꤢ /la˦ /; or kite (bird)

ear n ꤋꤢꤜꤢ /kʰa˧lɛ˨/; der. ꤋꤢꤜꤢꤊꤟꤌꤣ

ear (inner) n ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤤꤊꤢ /kʰa˧li ˦ ku˧/; der. ꤞꤤ

ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤤꤊꤢ ꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣꤢ ꤒꤥ

ear infection n ꤋꤢꤜꤢꤊꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤ /kʰa˧lɛ˨ku˧ tɛ˨ ʃwi˦/; otitis

ear wax n ꤋꤢꤜꤢꤤ /kʰa˧lɛ˨i˨/eardrum n ꤋꤢꤜꤢꤖꤢ /kʰa˧lɛ˨pʰu˦/earlobe n ꤋꤢꤜꤢꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢ /kʰa˧lɛ˨plje˨ /early adv ꤚꤟꤥ /ro˨/early morning n ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤤꤚꤟꤥꤗꤢ

/mɔ˦ li˧ro˨mɯ˦/; der. ꤚꤟꤥꤗꤢ

earring n ꤋꤢꤞꤛꤢ /kʰa˧ʂja˧/earth n ꤟꤢꤋꤢ /he˨kʰu˨/; der. ꤟꤢꤋꤢꤏꤤꤙꤢ

earthquake n ꤒꤢꤔꤢꤓꤢꤘꤤ /ta˨ne˦tʰɔ˦di˧/earthworm n ꤐꤟꤢꤊꤚꤥ /za˧ kro˧/; der. ꤛꤛꤢꤊꤚꤥ

east n ꤡꤤꤓꤢ /ʤi˦tʰe˨/; der. ꤊꤟꤢꤡꤤꤓꤢ; ꤙꤢꤓꤢ

easy adj ꤐꤢ /zu˧/; der. ꤐꤢꤑꤢ; ꤐꤢꤑꤟꤢ; ꤢꤐꤢ

eat v ꤢ /e˨/; der. ꤢꤘꤤ; ꤢꤏꤢ; ꤢꤏꤢꤢ

eat a lot v ꤢꤘꤢ /e˨du˨/eat all v ꤢꤕꤝꤟꤥꤢꤘꤝꤥ /e˨pwo˧e˨dwo˧/eat and drink v ꤢꤏꤢꤥꤓꤛꤢ /e˨sʰɛ˨o˧tʰje˧/; der.

ꤢꤥ

eat and drink together v ꤢꤒꤟꤣꤥꤒꤟꤣ /e˨tə˦ o˧tə˦ /; der. ꤢꤡꤢꤥꤡꤢ; ꤢꤚꤟꤥꤥꤚꤟꤥ;

ꤢꤒꤟꤣꤕꤜꤢꤢꤒꤟꤣꤖꤢ

eat too much v ꤢꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥ /e˨ta˨lwo˦/eaves n ꤟꤤꤋꤢꤡꤥ /hi˨kʰa˧dʒo˧/edge n ꤓꤢ /tʰɯ˧/ n ꤜꤢꤗꤟꤛꤢ /la˨mja˧ / n

ꤒꤢꤜꤤ /ta˨li˦/edit v ꤓꤢꤡꤟꤢ /tʰɯ˦ʤe˨ /; examine

educate v ꤟꤢꤞꤛꤥꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢ /he˦ʂwo˦he˨ʂja˨/; teach; study v ꤘꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤞꤤꤖꤢ /dje˦tɛ˨ ʂi˦pʰɛ˦/; give knowledge

education n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤤꤒꤟꤢꤖꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂi˦tɛ˨ pʰɛ˦/; knowledge; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤤꤖꤢ

eel n ꤒꤟꤢꤚꤟꤢ /tɛ˧ ru˦/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤓꤢ

effect v ꤙꤢ /bɛ˦/; hit

egg n ꤘꤛꤢ /dje˨/ n ꤓꤢꤘꤛꤢ /tʰu˨dje˨/; der. ꤏꤛꤢꤘꤛꤢ

egg whites n ꤓꤢꤘꤛꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢ /tʰu˨dje˨plje˦/egg yolk n ꤓꤢꤘꤛꤢꤊꤟꤤ /tʰu˨dje˨ki ˦ /eggplant n ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤞꤢ /kja˧ ʂɛ˨/; der.

ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤊꤚꤢꤞꤢ; ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤟꤢꤞꤢ; ꤋꤢꤒꤢꤗꤛꤢꤞꤢ

egret n ꤓꤢꤓꤛꤢꤖꤢꤙꤢ /tʰu˨tʰje˧pʰɛ˧bu˧/eight number ꤞꤛꤥ /ʂwo˦/eighteen n ꤏꤛꤢꤜꤝꤟꤤꤞꤛꤥ /ʃje˦lwi ˧ ʂwo˦/; der.

ꤏꤛꤢꤞꤛꤥ

eighty number ꤞꤛꤥꤏꤛꤢ /ʂwo˦ʃje˧/either phr ꤒꤣꤊꤟꤌꤣ ꤒꤥꤗꤢ ꤒꤣꤊꤟꤌꤣ /tə˨kɯᵊ

to˨ma˨ tə˨kɯᵊ˨/; either this thing or that thing

ejaculate v ꤓꤤꤓꤛꤢꤓꤢ /tʰi˨tʰje˧tʰe˨/elastic adj ꤐꤝꤥ /zwo˧/; rubbery; stretchy

elbow n ꤒꤢꤊꤟꤛꤢꤗꤟꤢ /ta˨kja˧ ma˧ /; der. ꤒꤢꤗꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ

31

elbow crook n ꤒꤢꤘꤥꤊꤢ /ta˨do˧ku˧/elder n ꤗꤟꤌꤣꤕꤚꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢ

/mɯᵊprɯ˧mɯᵊprɛ˦ /; those who are older in age; der. ꤗꤟꤌꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢ

elder leader n ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤘꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /ka˨ja˧du˨prɛ˦ /elder's teaching n ꤍꤟꤥꤗꤟꤌꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢ

/ŋo˦mɯᵊprɛ˦ /elect v ꤔꤝꤥꤓꤛꤢ /nwo˦tʰja˨/; der. ꤔꤝꤥ

election n ꤒꤟꤢꤔꤝꤥꤓꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ nwo˦tʰja˨/electricity n ꤗꤤ /mi˨/elephant n ꤒꤢꤏꤛꤢ /ta˨ʃja˧/elephantiasis n ꤒꤢꤏꤛꤢꤋꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣ ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤ

/ta˨ʃja˧kʰa˧dɯᵊ˨ tɛ˨ ʃwi˦/; elephantitis

eleven n ꤏꤛꤢꤒꤣ /ʃje˦tə˨/embarrass v ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤢꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ /me˨ ʂɛ˦ta˨rɛ˧ /; der.

ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ

embarrassed adj ꤞꤢꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦ta˨rɛ˧ /; der. ꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢꤡꤢꤡꤣ

embarrassed to say phr ꤞꤢꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦ta˨rɛ˧ he˨/

embarrassment n ꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ /le˦ ʂɛ˦ta˨rɛ˧ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ

embrace v ꤖꤛꤢꤙꤢ /pʰja˧bɯ˦/; hug

emerge v ꤓꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /tʰe˨lɯᵊ˧/; come out-appear; der. ꤓꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣꤋꤛꤢ

employ v ꤘꤛꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢ /dje˦ tɛ˨ me˨ /; to give work to v ꤘꤢꤊꤢ /da˨kɛ˨/; work for pay

employee n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤘꤢꤊꤢꤢꤖꤢ /prɛ˨ da˨kɛ˨e˨pʰu˦/; person who is hired to do a job; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤘꤢꤊꤢꤢ

employer n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤘꤢꤊꤢ /prɛ˨ da˨kɛ˨/; someone who hires

empty adv ꤊꤢꤋꤢ /kɔ˧kʰu˧/; der. ꤊꤢ; ꤥꤊꤢꤋꤢ adj ꤥꤘꤢ /o˨da˧/

empty handed adj ꤊꤢꤐꤛꤣꤊꤜꤤ /ka˨zɯᵊ˧kli˦/

enclose v ꤤꤚꤟꤢꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢꤙꤤ /i˨ra˨ ta˨va˨ bi˦/; to put a wall or fence around; der. ꤙꤤꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ

encompass v ꤙꤢꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ /bɔ˨ta˨va˨ /; surround

encourage v ꤘꤛꤢꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢꤚꤢ /dje˦hɛ˧dje˦re˨/ v

ꤒꤢꤏꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ta˨ʃja˨tʰja˨/encouraged adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤏꤢꤓꤛꤢ

/ʂɛ˦plɔ˨sʰɔ˧tʰja˨/; when the heart is strengthened

encouragement n ꤜꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢꤚꤢ /le˦ dje˦hɛ˧dje˦re˨/

end prep ꤋꤛꤢꤒꤢꤘꤢ /kʰje˧ta˨dɯ˨/; der. ꤒꤢꤘꤢ;

ꤥꤒꤢꤘꤢ n ꤗꤢꤘꤢ /mɔ˦da˦/ending n ꤒꤟꤢꤢꤒꤢꤘꤢ /tɛ˨ a˨ta˨dɯ˨/endurance n ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤓꤢ

/tɛ˨ kʰja˦ʂɛ˦plɔ˨tʰu˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢꤘꤥ

endure v ꤋꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /kʰja˧tɛ˨ /; der. ꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢꤘꤥ v

ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤗꤤꤔꤟꤤꤔꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨mi˧ni ˦ ne˦ /enemy n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤍꤢ /klje˦ŋa˧/; der. ꤋꤢꤚꤛꤢ n

ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤞꤢꤋꤢꤞꤢꤓꤢ /prɛ˨ ʂɛ˦kʰa˦ʂɛ˦tʰe˨/; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤞꤢꤓꤢ

energy n ꤟꤢꤚꤢ /hɛ˧re˨/engine n ꤡꤢ /dʒɛ˦/England n ꤊꤢꤜꤢꤊꤟꤢ /ku˧la˧ke˦ /; English-

country

English n ꤊꤢꤜꤢꤍꤟꤥ /ku˧la˧ŋo˦/; English-language; der. ꤊꤢꤜꤢ n ꤊꤢꤜꤢꤙꤢ /ku˧la˧bu˧/

enjoy v ꤞꤢꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˦lɔ˧ ˧˧ʂɛ˦lja˨ / v

ꤗꤟꤥꤞꤢꤗꤟꤥꤞꤢ /mo˨ ʂu˨mo˨ʂɛ˦/enlarge v ꤗꤟꤢꤘꤢꤓꤛꤢ ꤜꤟꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ /me˨ du˨tʰja˨

lja˦ tʰja˨/; to make larger and wider

enough adj ꤜꤣꤙꤢ /lə˦ba˧/; der. ꤥꤜꤣꤥꤙꤢ v ꤊꤢ /kɔ˦/; full adj ꤕꤢ /pɔ˨/; completed; der. ꤕꤢꤟꤢ;

ꤕꤢꤕꤢ

enter v ꤔꤟꤌꤣ /nɯᵊ˧/; der. ꤊꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ

enter and do phr ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤗꤟꤢ /nɯᵊ˧me˨ /enter and eat and drink phr

ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤥ /nɯᵊ˧e˨nɯᵊ˧o˧/

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enter and find phr ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤗꤛꤢꤕꤟꤢ /nɯᵊ˧mja˦pṳ˧/

enter and get phr ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤔꤟꤤꤙꤢ /nɯᵊ˧ni ˦ bɛ˦/enter and go phr ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤡꤛꤣ /nɯᵊ˧ʤɯᵊ/enter and pass through phr

ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤡꤛꤣꤜꤢꤕꤜꤢ /nɯᵊ˧ʤɯᵊlu˦plu˦/enter and put phr ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤘꤛꤢ /nɯᵊ˧dja˨/enter and see phr ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤗꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ

/nɯᵊ˧mja˦tʰje˨/enter and stay phr ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤥ /nɯᵊ˧o˨/enter take and go phr ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤖꤛꤢꤡꤛꤣ

/nɯᵊ˧pʰje˦ʤɯᵊ/entering v ꤔꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /na˦nɯᵊ˧/entrance n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤜꤟꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /klja˦le˦ nɯᵊ˧/; the

way into n ꤟꤤꤑꤢꤟꤛꤢ /hi˨ɲe˧hja˧/; entrance to house

envelop v ꤜꤢꤕꤟꤢꤙꤤ /la˨pɔ˨ bi˦/envelope n ꤜꤤꤊꤢ /li˨kɔ˧/envious v ꤞꤢꤋꤝꤢ /ʂɛ˦kʰwɛ˦/environment n ꤒꤢꤠꤤꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ /ta˨vi˧ta˨va˨ /;

around you

envy adj ꤞꤢꤋꤝꤢ /ʂɛ˦kʰwɛ˦/; der. ꤞꤢꤋꤝꤢꤔꤟꤤꤢꤒꤟꤢ; ꤞꤢꤋꤢꤞꤢꤓꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤋꤢꤞꤢꤓꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦kʰa˦ʂɛ˦tʰe˨/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤋꤢ

equal adv ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤑꤟꤢ /krɯ˨ɲa˨ /; der. ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤑꤟꤢꤜꤢ adj ꤚꤢꤘꤢ /ra˨dɯ˧/; even

equipment n ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ /krɯ˨krɔ˧ /erase v ꤛꤝꤥꤕꤜꤤ /jwo˦pli˧/; der. ꤚꤝꤤꤊꤛꤢ

erect adv ꤊꤢꤓꤢꤡꤢ /ka˨tʰɔ˨ʤɔ˦/; standing up straight

error n ꤞꤢ /ʂɯ˦/; der. ꤢꤞꤢ

escape v ꤏꤤꤕꤜꤢ /ʃi˧plɛ˦/; der. ꤏꤤꤕꤜꤢꤓꤢ;

ꤏꤢꤕꤜꤢ; ꤕꤜꤢꤡꤛꤣ n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤤꤕꤜꤢ /tɛ˨ ʃi˧plɛ˦/especially adv ꤋꤥꤕꤟꤢꤘꤢ /kʰo˦pe˦ dɯ˨/essay n ꤜꤤꤒꤢꤜꤤꤞꤛꤢ /li˨te˧li˨ʂje˨/; composition

eternal adj ꤜꤢꤡꤟꤢꤜꤢꤓꤢ /la˨ʤṳ˦la˨tʰɯ˧/ethnic group n ꤗꤛꤢꤡꤣ /mje˦dʒə˨/evaluate v ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤙꤥꤙꤢ /ta˨ne˨ bo˧bɛ˨/; der.

ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤙꤥꤙꤢꤕꤜꤤ

evaporate v ꤞꤤ /ʂi˦/even adv ꤡꤢ /ʤɔ˦/; for emphasis (i.e. They even

sell ice-cream there.) adj ꤜꤢ /lɛ˦/; to be even with (as smart as, as tall as); der. ꤜꤢ ꤒꤥ

evening n ꤗꤟꤢꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /mɔ˦ he˦mɔ˦ ta˧ /; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤟꤢ ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ; ꤗꤟꤢꤟꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ; ꤗꤟꤢꤟꤢꤜꤢ n ꤗꤟꤢꤋꤤꤕꤢꤜꤟꤥ /mɔ˦ kʰi˦pa˨lo˦/; early evening n ꤗꤟꤢꤋꤤꤛꤛꤢ /mɔ˦ kʰi˦zja˧/; 8-11 PM

ever adv ꤔꤢ /nɔ˦/; where(ever), how(ever), who(ever), what(ever) adv ꤙꤢꤙꤢ /bɛ˨bɛ˨/

everlasting adj ꤥꤒꤢꤡꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /o˨ta˨ʤṳ˨prɛ˨ /every adj ꤕꤝꤟꤥ /pwo˧/

every city n ꤕꤝꤟꤥꤒꤣꤠꤟꤤ /pwo˧tə˨vi ˧ /every country n ꤕꤝꤟꤥꤓꤛꤢꤕꤝꤟꤥꤊꤟꤢ

/pwo˧tʰje˧pwo˧ ke˦ /every group n ꤕꤝꤟꤥꤒꤣꤗꤟꤢ /pwo˧tə˨mṳ˨/every month n ꤕꤝꤟꤥꤜꤢꤜꤢ /pwo˧lɛ˧lɛ˧/every night n ꤕꤝꤟꤥꤞꤢꤞꤢ /pwo˧ʂɛ˧ʂɛ˧/every page n ꤕꤝꤟꤥꤒꤣꤙꤢ /pwo˧tə˨ba˨/every year n ꤕꤝꤟꤥꤔꤢꤔꤢ /pwo˧na˨na˨/

every day n ꤕꤝꤟꤥꤑꤢꤕꤝꤟꤥꤞꤢ /pwo˧ɲe˧pwo˧ ʂɛ˧/; der. ꤕꤝꤟꤥꤑꤢ

every time n ꤕꤝꤟꤥꤖꤟꤌꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣ /pwo˧pʰɯᵊpʰɯᵊ/everybody n ꤕꤝꤟꤥꤒꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢ /pwo˧tə˨prɛ˨ /; der.

ꤕꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ

everyday adj ꤗꤟꤢꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤜꤤ /mɔ˦ he˦mɔ˦ li˧/; ordinary; everyday usage

everyone n ꤕꤝꤟꤥꤒꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢ /pwo˧tə˨prɛ˨ /; der. ꤕꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ; ꤕꤝꤟꤥꤘꤝꤥꤕꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ

everything n ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤝꤟꤥꤒꤣꤡꤣ /tɛ˨ pwo˧ tə˨ʤə˨/; der. ꤕꤝꤟꤥꤒꤣꤡꤣ; ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢꤕꤜꤤ

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everywhere n ꤕꤝꤟꤥꤒꤣꤖꤥ /pwo˧tə˨pʰo˨/evil n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤢꤗꤟꤛꤢꤚꤤꤡꤟꤛꤢ

/tɛ˨ mu˧mja˦ ri˨ʤja˦ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤢꤗꤟꤛꤢ adj ꤟꤢꤚꤤꤡꤟꤛꤢ /ha˧ri˨ʤja˦ /; der. ꤗꤢꤗꤟꤛꤢꤚꤤꤡꤟꤛꤢ adj ꤊꤟꤢꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ka˨ plhja˨/ adj ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤚꤤꤡꤟꤛꤢ /ʤhje˧ri˨ʤhja˦/

evil person n ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤚꤤꤡꤟꤛꤢ /ka˨ja˧ri˨ʤja˦ /; der. ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤚꤤꤡꤟꤛꤢ

evil spirit n ꤋꤤꤔꤢꤋꤤꤔꤢ /kʰi˧ne˦kʰi˧nɔ˧/; der. ꤋꤤꤔꤢ; ꤋꤤꤔꤢꤗꤢꤗꤟꤛꤢ; ꤋꤤꤔꤢꤚꤤꤡꤟꤛꤢ; ꤋꤤꤔꤢ

exactly v ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤥꤒꤟꤢꤙꤢ /ta˧ to˧ta˧ bɛ˨/ adj ꤒꤥꤘꤢ /to˧dɛ˧/

exam n ꤜꤤꤓꤢꤡꤢ /li˨tʰɯ˦dʒe˧/examine v ꤓꤢꤡꤟꤢ /tʰɯ˦ʤe˨ / v ꤏꤢꤘꤛꤢꤡꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢ

/sʰu˨dja˧dʒe˨ mja˦/; examine-test

example n ꤙꤛꤢꤙꤢ /bja˦bɯ˧/ n ꤢꤚꤢ /a˨rɔ˦/; for example

excessive adj ꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥꤒꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ta˨lwo˦ta˨lje˨ /; to go past what is necessary; der. ꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥ adj ꤏꤢꤜꤢ /sʰɯ˧lɯ˧/; too much of something

exchange v ꤓꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤢꤞꤢ /tʰu˨lja˨ ta˨ple˨ʂɛ˧/; to change with something new in it's place; der. ꤓꤢꤜꤛꤢꤜꤢ v ꤓꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢ /tʰu˨kla˨ / v

ꤒꤢꤜꤛꤢ /ta˨lja˨/excited adj ꤞꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢꤞꤢꤜꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦krɯ˧ʂɛ˦lɔ˧ /; der.

ꤞꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ; ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤒꤢꤏꤢ

excrete v ꤤ /i˨/excuse v ꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢꤘꤥ /kʰja˦ʂɛ˦do˧/; to bear; endure

exemplify v ꤋꤛꤢꤙꤛꤢꤙꤢ /kʰja˦bja˦bɯ˧/exert v ꤡꤛꤢꤕꤚꤛꤢꤡꤛꤢꤚꤟꤢ /ʤje˦prje˧ʤje˦rɔ˦ /;

der. ꤡꤛꤢꤕꤚꤛꤢ v ꤖꤛꤢꤓꤢꤟꤢꤚꤢ /pʰje˦tʰe˨hɛ˧re˨/ v ꤓꤢꤟꤢꤓꤢꤚꤢ /tʰɔ˦hɛ˧tʰɔ˦re˨/; pull on your strength

exhale v ꤞꤢꤓꤢ /ʂɛ˦tʰe˨/

exhausted adj ꤟꤢꤚꤢ ꤜꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ /hɛ˧re˨ lɔ˧ kja˧/; no more strength adj ꤜꤢꤘꤛꤢꤜꤢꤚꤟꤢ /la˨dja˦la˨ru˨/; faint; der. ꤜꤢꤘꤛꤢ

exhibit v ꤘꤛꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /dja˨lɯᵊ˧/; to show

exist v ꤥ /o˨/; to be; live

existence n ꤞꤢꤓꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦tʰwo˧prɛ˨ /; soul n ꤒꤟꤢꤥꤓꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ o˨tʰwo˧prɛ˨ /

exit v ꤓꤢ /tʰe˨/exit and follow phr ꤓꤢꤊꤚꤝꤥ /tʰe˨krwo˧/exit and return back phr ꤓꤢꤊꤟꤢ /tʰe˨ka˨ /exit and run phr ꤓꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /tʰe˨klja˨/exit and run-go phr ꤓꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤡꤛꤣ

/tʰe˨klja˨ʤɯᵊ/exited v ꤓꤢꤊꤛꤢꤟꤢ /tʰe˨kja˧hɔ˦/

expand v ꤒꤢꤖꤥ /ta˨pʰo˨/; yeast; der. ꤒꤢꤖꤥꤓꤛꤢ

expect v ꤗꤛꤢꤏꤢ /mja˦ʃɯ˧/; to hope for; der. ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤒꤟꤌꤣ

expectation n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤏꤢ /tɛ˨ mja˦ʃɯ˧/; hope

expenses n ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ lɔ˧ tɛ ˨ kja˧/expensive adj ꤍꤟꤢꤘꤢꤕꤚꤟꤤꤘꤢ /ŋṳ˨du˨pri ˨ du˨/;

der. ꤍꤟꤢꤘꤢ

experience v ꤋꤛꤢꤙꤢ /kʰja˦bɛ˨/; endure or experience (something unpleasant) v ꤏꤤꤒꤣꤙꤢ /ʃi˦tə˨bɛ˨/; der. ꤏꤤꤒꤣ v

ꤗꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤞꤢꤑꤢ /mja˦tʰje˨ʂɛ˦ɲe˧hɔ˦/; to see and know

experienced v ꤗꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤏꤤꤒꤣ ꤟꤛꤢꤙꤢꤔꤢ /mja˦tʰje˨ʃi˦tə˨ hja˧bɛ˨nɔ˦/

experiment v ꤗꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢ /me˨ mja˦/; to try something to see if it works; der. ꤡꤢꤗꤛꤢ

expert n ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤊꤢꤛꤢꤘꤢ /ka˨ja˧ʤja˦ ka˨ja˧dɛ˨/

explain v ꤟꤢꤏꤥ /he˦sʰo˨/; der. ꤟꤢꤏꤥꤜꤟꤌꤣ;

ꤟꤢꤏꤥꤘꤣꤑꤢ; ꤘꤣꤑꤢ v ꤘꤛꤢ /dja˦/; to talk or tell i.e. a story; der. ꤘꤛꤢꤏꤥꤜꤟꤌꤣ

explain carefully v ꤟꤢꤏꤥ ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /he˦sʰo˨

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ta˨ te˨ /explanation n ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤏꤥꤘꤣꤑꤢ

/tɛ˨ he˦sʰo˨də˨ɲa˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤏꤥ;

ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤏꤥꤜꤟꤌꤣ

explode v ꤝꤥꤞꤤ /wo˦ʂi˧/; to explode prematurely v ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢ /me˨ pɔ˦ /; blow up; der. ꤕꤟꤢꤖꤢ

exploit v ꤢꤒꤟꤢꤥꤊꤟꤢ /e˨tɯ˧o˧kɛ˦ /expose v ꤗꤟꤢꤓꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /me˨ tʰe˨lɯᵊ˧/; reveal; der.

ꤖꤛꤢꤓꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ

extend v -ꤓꤢꤓꤛꤢ /-tʰu˧tʰja˨/external n ꤢꤊꤜꤢꤢꤘꤢ /a˨klɔ˧a˨dɔ˦/extinguish v ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤟꤤ /me˨ pi ˧ /; to put out a fire

extort v ꤕꤟꤢꤖꤢꤛꤢꤕꤜꤢ ꤔꤟꤤ ꤢꤚꤢꤢꤓꤢ /pɯ˦pʰe˨jɛ˦plɛ˦ ni ˦ u˧rɯ˧u˧tʰɛ˧/

extra adj ꤥꤜꤣꤥꤊꤜꤢ /o˨lə˦o˨klɔ˧/; der. ꤥꤜꤣꤊꤛꤢ; ꤥꤜꤣ adv ꤊꤛꤢꤏꤢꤊꤛꤢꤏꤢ /kja˧sʰɔ˧kja˧sʰe˨/; leftovers/what they had to spare n ꤒꤟꤢꤥꤜꤣꤥꤊꤜꤢ /tɛ˨ o˨lə˦o˨klɔ˧/

eye n ꤗꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ /mɛ˨ʂɛ˨plò˨/open your eyes phr ꤗꤛꤢꤊꤢꤜꤢꤓꤢ

/mja˦ka˨lɔ˧tʰe˦/ v ꤕꤢꤢ /pa˨a˦/; for checking your eyes

eye pain phr ꤗꤢꤞꤢꤏꤢ /mɛ˨ʂɛ˨sʰɛ˧/; der. ꤗꤢꤞꤢ

ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤ

eyebrow n ꤗꤟꤢꤊꤟꤌꤣꤏꤢ /ma˧ kɯᵊ˧ʃɯ˧/eyelid n ꤗꤢꤞꤢꤖꤢ /mɛ˨ʂɛ˨pʰa˦/eyetooth n ꤋꤢꤋꤛꤢꤓꤝꤤ /kʰu˨kʰje˧tʰwi˨/; canine

tooth; fang

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F f

face n ꤗꤢꤞꤢ /mɛ˨ʂɛ˨/face-down v ꤍꤟꤢꤒꤢꤊꤜꤝꤤ /ŋɔ˨ ta˨klwi˦/; bow v

ꤏꤢꤒꤢꤊꤜꤝꤤꤒꤟꤢ /sʰa˦ta˨klwi˦ta˧ / v ꤥꤗꤛꤢ

ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤌꤣ /o˨mje˧ ta˨klə˧/facecloth n ꤊꤢꤓꤥꤖꤢ /ka˨tʰo˧pʰu˦/; small towel

facing v ꤒꤥꤘꤢꤡꤛꤣ /to˧dɛ˧ʤɯᵊ˦/; standing opposite to

fade v ꤡꤟꤢꤊꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ʤɛ˦ ka˨lja˨ /fail v ꤜꤢꤡꤟꤢ /la˨dʒu˦/; der. ꤜꤢꤡꤟꤢꤜꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ

faint v ꤜꤢꤘꤛꤢꤜꤢꤚꤟꤢ /la˨dja˦la˨ru˨/; der. ꤜꤢꤘꤛꤢ

fair n ꤏꤛꤢꤖꤢꤊꤚꤛꤢ ꤤꤠꤟꤤ ꤗꤟꤢꤋꤢ /ʃje˧pʰu˦krja˦ i˨vi ˧ mɔ˦ kʰu˨/; colloquial expression regarding a day without many clouds

fairy n ꤋꤢꤔꤛꤢꤗꤢ /kʰa˨nja˧mɔ˨/faith n ꤒꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢꤢꤑꤟꤢꤢ /tɛ˨ zɯ˦e˨ɲa˦ e˨/; der.

ꤒꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤑꤟꤢ;ꤒꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢ

faithful adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤡꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨ʤɔ˦/; straight heart

falcon n ꤜꤟꤢꤘꤤꤊꤝꤟꤤ /la˧ di˧kwi ˦ /fall v ꤜꤢꤋꤢꤜꤢꤜꤢ /la˨kʰɯ˦la˨lɔ˧/; stumble or

fall; der. ꤜꤢꤋꤢꤒꤟꤢ v ꤜꤢꤒꤟꤢ /la˨ta˧ /fall dead phr ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢ /ta˧ ʂje˧/fall down phr ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ʤje˦ ta˧ /; when hail

comes down phr ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤚꤥ /ta˧ kro˧/; hair; leaves

fall out phr ꤜꤢꤒꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢ /la˨ta˧ pla˦/; fall out of (i.e. your purse) phr ꤒꤟꤢꤓꤢ /ta˧ tʰe˨/

fall off phr ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /ta˧ klja˦/; peeling off phr ꤒꤟꤢꤓꤢ /ta˧ tʰe˨/; i.e. wheel falls off

fallen adj ꤋꤢꤊꤛꤢ /kʰɯ˦kja˧/false witness n ꤋꤛꤢꤜꤢꤟꤥ /kʰja˦la˨ho˧/family n ꤟꤤꤖꤢꤖꤛꤢꤖꤢ /hi˨pʰu˦pʰja˧pʰu˦/; der.

ꤒꤢꤟꤤꤖꤛꤢ n ꤕꤟꤌꤣꤠꤟꤛꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣꤖꤢ

/pɯᵊvhja˦mɯᵊpʰɛ˧/own family phr ꤏꤛꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢ /ʃje˧klɔ˦ /

famine n ꤊꤟꤢꤠꤤꤊꤟꤢꤊꤢ /ke˦ vi˧ke˦ kɔ˧/; famine in the land n ꤒꤟꤢꤥꤠꤟꤤꤥꤊꤢ /tɛ˨ o˨vi ˧ o˨kɔ˧/

famous adj ꤗꤝꤟꤤꤘꤢꤗꤝꤟꤤꤓꤢ /mwi ˨ du˨mwi ˨ tʰu˧/; der. ꤗꤝꤟꤤꤘꤢ;

ꤗꤝꤟꤤꤜꤢꤘꤢ

fan v ꤟꤢꤕꤢꤜꤝꤤ /hɯ˦pa˨lwi˧/far adj ꤐꤛꤢ /zje˨/; der. ꤐꤛꤢꤜꤣ adj ꤒꤢꤖꤢꤐꤛꤢ

/ta˨pʰa˧zje˨/farm n ꤕꤚꤢꤋꤢ /prɛ˦kʰu˨/; der. ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢ

farmer n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤖꤢ /prɛ˨ me˨ e˨lja˦ pʰu˦/; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤟꤛꤢꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤖꤢ; ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤖꤢ

fart v ꤤꤔꤢ /i˨ne˧/fast v ꤘꤟꤌꤣꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣꤥ /dɯᵊ˨e˨dɯᵊ˨o˧/; to fast

from eating; der. ꤘꤟꤌꤣꤢ; ꤘꤟꤌꤣꤢꤏꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣꤢꤏꤢ /tɛ˨ dɯᵊ˨e˨sʰɛ˨/ adv ꤕꤚꤛꤢ /prja˧/; quickly

fasten v ꤚꤟꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤔꤟꤤ /rja˦ tʰja˨ni ˦ /; to fasten around the waist; belt v ꤤꤡꤢꤜꤢ /i˦ʤɯ˧lu˧/; to fasten onto; der. ꤥꤤꤡꤢꤜꤤꤜꤥꤗꤢ v ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤣ /ta˨klə˦/; der. ꤕꤟꤢꤗꤢ ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤣ

fat adj ꤢꤙꤢ /a˨bɯ˨/; fat in appearance; der. ꤙꤢ n

ꤙꤢꤥ /ba˦o˨/; the fat on meat n ꤞꤢ /ʂu˦/; fat on meat

father n ꤖꤢ /pʰɛ˧/father-in-law n ꤕꤚꤟꤢ /prɛ˦ /; der.

ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤢ

fattened adj ꤊꤢꤒꤢꤊꤢꤒꤛꤢ /ka˨tu˦ka˨tja˨/ adj ꤙꤟꤌꤣꤙꤢꤊꤢꤒꤢ /bɯᵊ˨bɯ˨ka˨tu˦/

favor v ꤗꤛꤢꤘꤢ /mja˦du˨/; see as big/great n

ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤘꤢ /tɛ˨ mja˦du˨/; to receive the good favor of another v ꤙꤢꤞꤢ /bɛ˨ʂɛ˦/; agree with

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favoritism n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤘꤢꤗꤛꤢꤕꤢꤒꤤ /tɛ˨ mja˦du˨mja˦pa˨ti˦/

fear n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤤꤏꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦i˨sʰe˧/ v ꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢꤞꤢ

ꤞꤢꤤꤏꤢ /ta˨rɔ˨ ʂɛ˦ θɛ˦i˨ʃe˧/; danger

fearful adj ꤞꤢꤤꤏꤢ /ʂɛ˦i˨ʃe˧/; afraid adj ꤒꤢꤚꤟꤌꤣ

/ta˨rɯᵊ˨/feast v ꤒꤢꤊꤚꤌꤣꤒꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ /ta˨krɯᵊ˧ta˨krɛ˦ /; der.

ꤒꤢꤊꤚꤌꤣꤢꤒꤢꤊꤚꤌꤣꤥ n ꤕꤝꤢꤘꤢ /pwɛ˨du˨/; big celebration

feather n ꤓꤢꤏꤢ /tʰu˨sʰɯ˨/; bird feather; der. ꤏꤛꤢꤏꤢ

fee n ꤊꤢ /kɛ˨/; expense; der. ꤋꤝꤥꤊꤢ

feeble adj ꤊꤚꤢ /kru˦/feed n ꤙꤟꤌꤣꤢꤙꤟꤌꤣꤥ /bɯᵊ˨e˨bɯᵊ˨o˧/; to feed-

take care of-raise; der. ꤙꤟꤌꤣ: ꤙꤟꤌꤣꤢ v ꤘꤛꤢꤢꤘꤛꤢꤥ /dje˦e˨dje˦o˧/; to give to eat; der. ꤘꤛꤢꤢ

feel v ꤊꤚꤟꤢ /kra˦ /; feel with your fingers v ꤞꤢ- /sɛ˦-/; there is no word for "feel" but most feeling words begin with ꤞꤢ

fellow servant n ꤋꤥꤜꤢꤜꤢ /kʰo˧lu˨le˦/fellowship n ꤒꤟꤢꤙꤢꤞꤛꤥꤋꤢꤋꤥ

/tɛ˨ bɔ˦ʂwo˦kʰɛ˦kʰo˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤙꤢꤞꤛꤥꤙꤢꤜꤢ v ꤙꤢꤞꤛꤥꤋꤢꤋꤥ /bɔ˦ʂwo˦kʰɛ˦kʰo˧/; make friends

female n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤢ /prɛ˨ mɔ˨/fence v ꤤꤚꤟꤢꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢꤙꤤ /i˨ra˨ ta˨va˨ bi˦/; close

off with a fence; der. ꤚꤟꤢꤙꤤ n ꤒꤢꤚꤢ /ta˨rɛ˦/; fence; der. ꤒꤢꤚꤢꤚꤟꤢ; ꤒꤢꤚꤢꤒꤢꤕꤟꤥ

fertile n ꤟꤢꤐꤛꤢꤚꤤꤐꤛꤢꤚꤛꤢꤋꤢ /he˨zje˨ri˨zje˨rja˦kʰu˨/; good soil

festival v ꤤꤜꤢ /i˨lu˧/; celebrate n ꤕꤝꤢ /pwɛ˧/; der. ꤕꤝꤢꤗꤟꤢꤑꤢ

fever n ꤔꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ /ne˦ kṳ˦/; hot body n

ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ kṳ˦/few adj ꤕꤢꤒꤤꤕꤚꤟꤢ /pa˨ti˦prɛ˨ /; not many

people; der. ꤥꤕꤢꤒꤤ adj ꤒꤢꤊꤤ /ta˨ki˨/

field n ꤜꤟꤛꤢ /lja˦ /; der. ꤜꤟꤛꤢꤋꤢ n

ꤑꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢꤋꤢ /ɲe˨ la˦ kʰu˨/; der. ꤊꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢꤋꤢ;

ꤑꤟꤢꤋꤢ n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢ /prɛ˦ le˦ /; i.e. grain field; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢꤋꤢ n ꤒꤢꤚꤢꤒꤢꤚꤢ /ta˨rɛ˦ta˨ra˨/

field of crops n ꤓꤛꤢꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤚꤟꤢ /tʰje˧ɔ˨lja˦ rɔ˨ /; field of rice, corn, etc. for earning one's living

fifteen n ꤏꤛꤢꤑꤟꤢ /ʃje˦ɲa˧ /fifty n ꤑꤟꤢꤏꤛꤢ /ɲa˧ ʃje˧/fig n ꤊꤢꤘꤝꤤꤞꤢ /ka˨dwi˦ʂɛ˨/; der. ꤊꤥꤗꤢꤞꤢ n

ꤗꤢꤘꤣꤞꤢ /ma˦də˧ʂɛ˨/fig tree n ꤊꤢꤘꤝꤤꤗꤟꤢ /ka˨dwi˦mɔ˦ /fight v ꤏꤢꤒꤟꤢ /sʰa˦tɛ˨ /; der. ꤏꤢꤏꤢꤓꤢꤏꤢ; ꤏꤢꤏꤢ

v ꤠꤢ /vɯ˦/; ꤠꤢꤏꤢ

fill v ꤞꤌꤣꤙꤢ /ʂə˦ba˧/; --full v ꤐꤢꤙꤢ /zɯ˧ba˧/; fill full of liquid; der. ꤐꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ ꤙꤢꤜꤟꤢ v ꤋꤟꤌꤣꤒꤢꤢ /kʰɯᵊ˨ta˨ɔ˧/; when smoke fills up an area v ꤘꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤙꤢ /dja˨nɯᵊ˧ba˧/; to fill

filthy adj ꤚꤤꤡꤟꤛꤢ /ri˨dʒja˦ /final n ꤒꤢꤘꤢ /ta˨dɯ˨/; end of adv ꤘꤣ ꤋꤛꤢꤜꤣ

/də˦ kʰje˧lə˦/; the final; last

finally adv ꤘꤣꤋꤛꤢꤒꤢꤘꤢ /də˦kʰje˧ta˨dɯ˨/find v ꤗꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ /mja˦tʰje˨/; see; der. ꤗꤛꤢꤕꤟꤢ

finger n ꤊꤢꤔꤢ /ka˨nɔ˧/finger (index) n ꤊꤢꤔꤢꤐꤟꤢ /ka˨nɔ˧zṳ˧/;

pointing finger

finger (middle) n ꤊꤢꤔꤢꤊꤜꤢꤗꤢ /ka˨nɔ˧kla˧me˧/

finger (ring) n ꤊꤢꤔꤢꤒꤢꤕꤜꤥ /ka˨nɔ˧ta˨plo˦/; der. ꤊꤢꤔꤢꤘꤢꤐꤟꤢ

finger (little/pinky) n ꤊꤢꤔꤢꤖꤢꤏꤢ /ka˨nɔ˧pʰu˦sʰɛ˦/

fingernail n ꤊꤢꤔꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣꤙꤢ /ka˨nɔ˧mɯᵊ˦ba˨/; der. ꤊꤢꤔꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣꤙꤢ

fingertip n ꤊꤢꤔꤢꤋꤛꤢ /ka˨nɔ˧kʰje˧/finger n ꤊꤢꤔꤢ /ka˨nɔ˧/

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finish v ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢꤘꤢꤊꤛꤢ /me˨ ta˨dɯ˨kja˧/; complete; bring to an end v ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢꤗꤟꤢꤓꤛꤣ

/me˨ plɯ˦me˨ tʰɯᵊ˧/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤓꤛꤣꤊꤛꤢ

finished adj ꤓꤛꤣꤟꤢ /tʰɯᵊ˧hɔ˦/; der. ꤓꤛꤣ

finished (not yet) adj ꤓꤛꤣꤟꤤꤒꤥ /tʰɯᵊ˧hi˦to˨/fire n ꤗꤤ /mi˨/firelight n ꤗꤤꤜꤤ /mi˨li˧/fireplace n ꤊꤢꤖꤢꤕꤟꤥ /kɔ˦pʰɛ˨po˦/; der. ꤕꤟꤥ

firewood n ꤊꤚꤢ /kru˨/; trees, branches

firm adv ꤊꤜꤟꤢꤗꤢ /klɔ˨ ma˨/; der. ꤥꤊꤜꤟꤢꤏꤢꤗꤢ;

ꤥꤏꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢꤗꤢ; ꤥꤊꤜꤟꤢꤥꤗꤢ; ꤥꤊꤜꤟꤢꤗꤢ adj ꤏꤢꤊꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣ /sʰɔ˧ka˨dɯᵊ/ v

ꤗꤟꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤗꤢ /me˨ klɔ˨ me˨ ma˨/; to cause to be firm

first adj ꤊꤢꤜꤢꤜꤣ /ka˨lu˦lə˦/; der. ꤊꤢꤜꤢ; ꤜꤢ adj ꤚꤟꤢꤜꤣ /re˦ lə˦/; der. ꤚꤟꤢ; ꤢꤚꤟꤢꤜꤣ adv

ꤊꤟꤌꤣꤚꤢ /kɯᵊ˧re˦/firstborn n ꤖꤢꤠꤟꤛꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /pʰu˦vhja˦prɛ˦ /fish n ꤒꤟꤢꤖꤢ /tɛ˧ pʰu˦/; der. ꤒꤟꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤙꤢꤘꤢ

fish paste n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤎꤢ /tɛ˧ ʂɔ˧/fish sauce n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤎꤢ ꤓꤛꤢꤏꤢ /tɛ˧ ʂɔ˧ tʰje˧ʃɯ˧/fish scales n ꤒꤟꤢꤙꤢ /tɛ˧ ba˨/fisherman n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤢꤒꤟꤢꤖꤢ

/prɛ˨ me˨ e˨tɛ˧ pʰu˦/fits v ꤓꤛꤢꤒꤢꤕꤜꤟꤌꤣꤞꤛꤢ /tʰja˨ta˨plɯᵉ˦ʂje˧/five n ꤞꤢꤑꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦ɲa˧ /; der. ꤑꤟꤢ

five days from now phr ꤏꤥꤒꤣꤊꤜꤟꤢ /sʰo˧tə˨klɛ˨ /five hundred n ꤑꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢ /ɲa˧ zɛ˨ /five thousand n ꤑꤟꤢꤚꤤ /ɲa˧ ri˦/fix v ꤗꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢ /me˨ rja˦ka˨ /; der.

ꤗꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ

flag n ꤙꤢꤜꤢ /bɛ˨lɛ˨/flame v ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤚꤢꤓꤥ /kja˧ ra˨tʰo˧/; der. ꤗꤤꤊꤟꤛꤢ

flare up v ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ /kja˧ tʰja˨/; with fire; der. ꤊꤟꤛꤢ; ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤋꤛꤢ

flat adj ꤒꤢꤙꤛꤢ /ta˨bje˨/ adj ꤚꤢꤘꤢ /ra˨dɯ˧/; equal

flatter v ꤟꤢꤙꤢꤓꤢꤞꤢ /he˦bɛ˨tʰu˨ʂɛ˦/; speak-praise

flavor n ꤢꤞꤎꤥꤚꤥ /a˨ʂo˧ro˧/flea n ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤢ /ta˨kla˦/flee v ꤓꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /tʰe˨klja˨/; run away

flesh n ꤔꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢꤖꤢꤐꤛꤢ /ne˦ klɔ˦pʰa˦zje˨/; der. ꤖꤢꤐꤛꤢ n ꤞꤝꤤꤓꤛꤢꤖꤢꤐꤛꤢ /ʂwi˨tʰje˧pʰa˦zje˨/

flint n ꤜꤟꤢꤗꤤꤘꤢ /lɔ˦ mi˨da˧/flip flops n ꤋꤢꤖꤢꤓꤛꤢꤢ /kʰu˨pʰa˦tʰja˨ɛ˧/; thongs;

sandals; der. ꤋꤢꤘꤛꤢꤖꤢ

flip over v ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤌꤣꤓꤛꤢ /ta˨klɯᵊ˨tʰja˨/flit v ꤐꤟꤌꤣꤖꤝꤤꤐꤢ /zɯᵊpʰwi˧zu˧/; fly lightly and

easily

float v ꤊꤟꤌꤣ /kɯᵊ˧/; float in the air v ꤜꤟꤥ /lo˨ʤɯᵊ˦/; float in the water; der. ꤜꤟꤥꤡꤛꤣ

flock n ꤞꤤꤗꤟꤤꤗꤟꤢ /ʂi˦mi ˦ mṳ˨/; sheep

flog v ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤜꤤ /ʤje˦ pre˧ pli˦/; to flog with a whip

flood n ꤓꤛꤢꤘꤢ /tʰje˧du˨/floor n ꤒꤝꤟꤥ /two˨/; der. ꤒꤝꤟꤥꤋꤢ; ꤜꤟꤢꤘꤢ

flow v ꤓꤝꤤ- /tʰwi˦-/flow down phr ꤓꤝꤤꤒꤟꤢ /tʰwi˦ta˧ /; der.

ꤓꤝꤤꤜꤟꤛꤢ

flow out phr ꤓꤝꤤꤓꤢ /tʰwi˦tʰe˨/flow in phr ꤓꤝꤤꤔꤟꤌꤣ /tʰwi˦nɯᵉ˧/

flowers n ꤒꤟꤢꤖꤥꤒꤟꤢꤊꤟꤤ /tɛ˨ pʰo˧tɛ˨ ki ˦ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤖꤥ

fluffy adj ꤡꤟꤢꤊꤢꤔꤢ /dʒɛ˦ ka˨nu˦/; very soft

flute n ꤒꤢꤜꤥ /te˧lo˦/ n ꤕꤤꤜꤢ /pi˧la˧/; der. ꤕꤤ;

ꤕꤤꤒꤢꤜꤤ

flutist n ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤢꤟꤌꤣꤒꤢꤜꤥ /ka˨ja˧ ɯᵊ˦te˧lo˦/

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fly v ꤐꤟꤌꤣ /zɯᵊ˨/; der. ꤜꤟꤢ serial verb

ꤐꤟꤌꤣꤓꤢ /zɯᵊ˨tʰe˨/; der. ꤐꤟꤌꤣꤓꤛꤢ

fly (green) n ꤖꤢꤞꤛꤣ /pʰɔ˧ʂɯᵊ˧/fly (tsetse) n ꤖꤢꤏꤤꤒꤢꤏꤛꤢ /pʰɔ˧ʃi˦ta˨ʃja˧/foam v ꤓꤛꤢꤙꤢꤙꤢ /tʰje˧bɔ˦bɛ˦/; foam on the

water v ꤙꤢꤙꤢꤓꤢ /bɔ˦bɛ˦tʰe˨/; foam at the mouth

fog n ꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /ɔ˦lɯᵊ˦/fold v ꤙꤥꤒꤢꤜꤢ /bo˨ta˨lu˧/; roll up n ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ

/ta˨nɯᵊ˦/; the folds in cloth

fold up v ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤘꤝꤥ /kɛ˦ klje˦dwo˦/ v ꤒꤢꤋꤤ

/ta˨kʰi˨/; fold up or gather up into

folktale n ꤍꤟꤥꤒꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢ /ŋo˦tɛ˨ dja˦/follow v ꤊꤚꤝꤥ /krwo˧/; der. ꤊꤚꤝꤥꤡꤛꤣ;

ꤊꤚꤝꤥꤡꤛꤣꤚꤝꤥ; ꤊꤚꤝꤥꤗꤟꤢꤊꤟꤌꤣ

follow along phr ꤊꤚꤝꤥꤡꤛꤣꤚꤝꤥ /krwo˧ʤɯᵊ˦rwo˦/

follow back phr ꤊꤚꤝꤥꤊꤟꤢ /krwo˧ka˨ /follow and enter in phr ꤊꤚꤝꤥꤔꤟꤌꤣ

/krwo˧nɯᵊ˧/follow and go as a crowd phr ꤊꤚꤝꤥꤡꤛꤣꤕꤜꤢ

ꤊꤚꤝꤥꤡꤛꤣꤖꤢ /krwo˧ʤɯᵊplu˨ krwo˧ʤɯᵊpʰɛ˨/; der. ꤊꤚꤝꤥꤕꤜꤢꤊꤚꤝꤥꤖꤢ

follow and go see phr ꤊꤚꤝꤥꤡꤛꤣꤗꤛꤢ /krwo˧ʤɯᵊmja˦/

follow and go wrong phr ꤊꤚꤝꤥꤡꤛꤣꤞꤢ /krwo˧ʤɯᵊʂɯ˦/; der. ꤊꤚꤝꤥꤞꤢ

follow and listen phr ꤊꤚꤝꤥꤔꤟꤤꤘꤢ /krwo˧ni ˦ da˧/

follow out phr ꤊꤚꤝꤥꤓꤢ /krwo˧tʰe˨/follow and say phr ꤊꤚꤝꤥꤟꤢ /krwo˧he˦/follow and go up phr ꤊꤚꤝꤥꤓꤛꤢ /krwo˧tʰja˨/follow and chase and catch phr

ꤊꤚꤝꤥꤜꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢ /krwo˧lɯ˨pɯ˦/follow and come phr ꤊꤚꤝꤥꤟꤛꤢ /krwo˧hja˧/

fond of adj ꤟꤢ /hɯ˨/

fontanel n ꤋꤢꤏꤝꤤꤋꤢ /kʰu˨ʃwi˦kʰu˨/; soft spot on baby's head

food n ꤏꤢꤢꤏꤢꤥ /sʰɛ˨e˨sʰɛ˨o˧/; food-drink; der. ꤏꤢꤢ n ꤜꤟꤢꤢꤜꤟꤢꤥ /le˦ e˨le˦ o˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤢꤒꤟꤢꤥ

foolish adj ꤢꤟꤌꤣꤢꤛꤢ /ɯᵊ˦a˦ja˦/ adj ꤙꤢꤙꤛꤢ /bɔ˧bje˨/; foolish; without meaning or truth n

ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤙꤢꤙꤛꤢ /ka˨ja˧bɔ˧bje˨/; foolish person

foolishly v ꤗꤟꤢꤙꤢꤗꤟꤢꤙꤛꤢ /me˨ bɔ˧me˨ bje˨/; to do something without meaning; joking

foot n ꤋꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣ /kʰa˧dɯᵊ˨/; der. ꤋꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣꤜꤢ;

ꤋꤛꤢꤜꤢ

footprint n ꤋꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣ ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ /kʰa˧dɯᵊ˨ kʰa˧le˨ /footstool n ꤋꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣ ꤜꤟꤢꤐꤟꤤ /kʰa˧dɯᵊ˨ le˦ zi ˦ /for prep -ꤑꤢ /-ɲe˧/ prep ꤕꤟꤢ /pe˦ /forbid v ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /me˨ ta˧ tɯ˧/forbidden adj ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ /me˨ ta˧ tɯ˧kja˧/force v ꤕꤢꤢꤕꤢꤥ /pe˦e˨pe˦o˧/; control v

ꤔꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤔꤢꤡꤟꤢ /nɔ˧dʒje˧ nɔ˧dʒɯ˨/forefathers n ꤗꤟꤌꤣꤖꤢꤖꤛꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣ

/mɯᵊpʰɛ˧pʰje˧pʰɯᵊ˧/; parents-grandparents; der. ꤗꤟꤌꤣꤖꤢꤖꤛꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣ ꤘꤣ꤮ ꤑꤢꤔꤢ ꤒꤢꤟꤢ

forehead n ꤗꤟꤢꤓꤢ /ma˧ tʰɛ˦/foreign countries n ꤓꤛꤢꤚꤟꤌꤣꤊꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢ

/tʰje˧rɯᵊ˨ke˦ klɔ˧/foreign nation n ꤗꤛꤢꤡꤣꤚꤟꤌꤣ /mje˧ʤə˨rɯᵊ˨/;

other nation

foreigner n ꤓꤛꤢꤚꤟꤌꤣꤊꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢꤖꤢ /tʰje˧rɯᵊ˨ke˦ klɔ˧pʰu˦/; der. ꤊꤢꤜꤢꤙꤢ;

ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢꤖꤢ; ꤓꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢꤚꤟꤌꤣꤖꤢ; ꤗꤛꤢꤡꤣꤚꤟꤌꤣꤖꤢ

foresight n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤑꤢꤔꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦ɲe˧ne˨/forest n ꤗꤟꤤꤊꤜꤢ /mi ˨ klɛ˧/; jungle n

ꤒꤢꤔꤢꤒꤢꤟꤥ /ta˨nɔ˧ta˨ho˧/foretell v ꤟꤢꤥꤔꤟꤢ /he˦o˨ne˨ /; to say beforehand

foretelling n ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤥꤔꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ he˦o˨ne˨ /

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forever adv ꤒꤢꤡꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /ta˨ʤṳ˦prɛ˨ /; der. ꤒꤢꤡꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤒꤢꤜꤟꤢꤊꤚꤢ n ꤜꤢꤓꤢꤜꤢꤕꤜꤢ /la˨tʰɯ˧la˨plɯ˦/; all generations

forget v ꤏꤥꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢ /sʰo˧ta˨pa˨ /forgive v ꤕꤜꤝꤥꤊꤛꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢ /plwo˧kja˧ tɛ˨ ʂɯ˦/;

to let sin go

forgiveness n ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤜꤝꤥꤊꤛꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢ /tɛ˨ plwo˧kja˧ tɛ˨ ʂɯ˦/

fork n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤕꤜꤢ /klja˦plɛ˨/; the area within the fork of the road

forty n ꤜꤝꤟꤤꤏꤛꤢ /lwi ˧ ʃje˧/forward adv ꤘꤣꤑꤢ /də˦ɲe˧/ adv ꤕꤢꤟꤛꤢ

/pa˨hja˧/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤢꤟꤛꤢ

foul adj ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤞꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤗꤟꤛꤢ /nɯᵊ˨ʂɔ˧nɯᵊ˨mja˦ /; bad smell or odor; putrid

foundation n ꤋꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣꤋꤢꤏꤛꤢ /kʰa˧dɯᵊ˨kʰa˧ʃje˦/ n ꤟꤤꤊꤛꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢ /hi˨kja˧rhja˧/; house foundation

four n ꤞꤢꤜꤝꤟꤤ /ʂɛ˦lwi ˧ /; der. ꤜꤝꤟꤤ

four days from now phr ꤏꤥꤔꤤ /sʰo˧ni˦/fourteen n ꤏꤛꤢꤜꤝꤟꤤ /ʃje˦lwi ˧ /fourth n ꤜꤝꤟꤤꤜꤢꤜꤣ /lwi ˧ lu˦lə˦/; der.

ꤜꤝꤟꤤꤕꤚꤟꤢꤒꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢ n ꤜꤝꤟꤤꤕꤝꤤꤒꤣꤕꤝꤤ /lwi ˨ pwi˦tə˨pwi˦/; a quarter; one fourth

fowl n ꤓꤢꤏꤛꤢ /tʰu˨ʃje˧/fox n ꤓꤝꤤꤗꤟꤤ /tʰwi˨mi ˨ /fracture n ꤊꤚꤝꤤ ꤜꤢꤊꤟꤢ /krwi˦ la˨kɛ˦ /fragile adj ꤕꤛꤢꤐꤢ /pje˦zu˧/; easily broken

fragrance n ꤒꤟꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤗꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤏꤢ /tɛ˨ nɯᵊ˨mɯ˦nɯᵊ˨sʰɯ˧/; good smelling thing

fragrant adj ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤗꤢꤠꤤ /nɯᵊ˨mɯ˦vi˨/; der. ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤗꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤏꤢ

frail adj ꤜꤢꤊꤟꤢꤐꤢ /la˨kɛ˦ zu˧/; breaks easily

frame up v ꤡꤛꤢꤚꤤꤡꤟꤛꤢꤕꤜꤤ /dʒja˨ri˨dʒja˦ pli˦/freckle n ꤗꤢꤊꤚꤢ /ma˦kra˧/

free adj ꤥꤕꤢꤜꤢ /o˨pa˨la˧/; not under rule; der. ꤕꤢꤜꤢ adj ꤥꤊꤥ /o˨ko˧/; not occupied; der. ꤥꤊꤥꤥꤘꤢ

free person n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤢꤜꤢꤖꤢ /prɛ˨ pa˨la˧pʰu˦/; der. ꤕꤢꤜꤢꤖꤢ

freedom n ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤢꤜꤢ /tɛ˨ pa˨la˧/; der. ꤙꤢꤙꤢꤜꤢ

freely adv ꤜꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢꤜꤤꤜꤤ /la˦ la˦ li˧li˧/; clear

freezing adj ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤢꤒꤢꤕꤟꤤ /ta˨klu˨ta˨pi ˨ /; very cold; der. ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤢꤕꤚꤟꤛꤢꤏꤢ

frequently adv ꤒꤢꤗꤥ /ta˨mo˧/; often; der. ꤒꤢꤗꤥꤒꤢꤗꤥ

fresh adj ꤐꤟꤢ adj ꤞꤤꤞꤛꤣꤊꤢꤛꤝꤤ /ʂi˦ʂɯᵊ˧ka˨zwi˧/; lush; green

Friday n ꤗꤟꤢꤑꤟꤢꤑꤢ /mɔ˦ ɲa˧ ɲe˧/fried adj ꤤꤍꤝꤟꤥ /i˨ŋwo˦/friend n ꤋꤥꤙꤢꤞꤛꤥ /kʰo˧bɔ˦ʂwo˦/; der. ꤋꤥ;

ꤋꤥꤞꤛꤥ; ꤋꤥꤗꤟꤥ v ꤙꤢꤞꤛꤥꤋꤢꤋꤥ /bɔ˦ʂjo˦kʰɛ˦kʰo˧/; to be friendly with; der. ꤙꤢꤞꤛꤥꤙꤢꤜꤢ

good friend phr ꤋꤥꤙꤢꤞꤛꤥꤗꤟꤥ /kʰo˧bɔ˦ʂwo˦mo˨ /; der. ꤋꤥꤗꤟꤥ

friendship n ꤒꤟꤢꤙꤢꤞꤛꤥꤋꤢꤋꤥ /tɛ˨ bɔ˦ʂwo˦kʰɛ˦kʰo˧/

frighten v ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤢꤤꤏꤢ /me˨ ʂɛ˦i˨ʃe˧/; cause to be afraid

frightened v ꤞꤢꤤꤏꤢ /ʂɛ˦i˨sʰe˧/frigid adj ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤢꤒꤢꤕꤟꤤ /ta˨klu˨ja˨pi ˨ /; very

cold; freezing

frog n ꤘꤤ /di˨/; der. ꤘꤤꤗꤢ

from now on phr ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤢꤟꤛꤢ /ta˧ pa˨hja˧/from top to bottom phr ꤊꤢꤓꤛꤢꤊꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ

/ka˨tʰja˨ka˨lja˦ / v ꤊꤢꤓꤛꤢꤊꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ka˨tʰja˨ka˨lhja˨/

front prep ꤘꤣꤑꤢ /də˦ɲe˧/fruit n ꤞꤢꤞꤢ /ʂɔ˨ʂɛ˨/; der. ꤞꤢꤞꤢꤠꤢꤖꤥ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤒꤟꤢꤖꤥ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˨tɛ˨ pʰo˧/; crop; harvest;

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fruit; der. ꤢꤖꤥꤢꤞꤢ; ꤢꤞꤢ; ꤖꤥꤞꤢ

fry v ꤤꤖꤥꤊꤚꤢ /i˨pʰo˧kra˧/fuel n ꤞꤢ /ʂu˦/full adj ꤢꤊꤢꤥꤙꤢ /e˨kɔ˦o˧ba˧/; der. ꤢꤊꤢ; ꤥꤙꤢ;

ꤙꤢ; ꤙꤢꤜꤟꤢ adj ꤊꤚꤢ /kre˧/; quantity unchanged adj ꤙꤢ /ba˧/; full; der. ꤙꤢꤒꤢꤕꤤ

fun adj ꤢꤗꤟꤥ ꤑꤢꤡꤢ /a˨mo˨ ɲa˨dʒɔ˦/funny adj ꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢꤑꤟꤢ /le˦ ʂɛ˦ɲe˧ /fur n ꤏꤢ /sʰɯ˨/further conj ꤓꤛꤣꤒꤥ /tʰɯᵊ˧to˨/; not finished

future n ꤔꤥꤕꤟꤢ /no˨pa˧ /future marker unknown ꤕꤟꤢ /pa˧ /

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G g

gale n ꤊꤟꤢꤜꤢꤞꤢꤏꤛꤥ /ke˦ la˨ʂɛ˦ʃwo˨/gall bladder n ꤞꤛꤣꤓꤛꤢꤊꤢ /ʂɯᵊ˨tʰje˧kɔ˧/gamble n ꤒꤟꤢꤙꤛꤢꤙꤝꤤ /tɛ˨ bja˧bwi˦/; lucky thing

v ꤙꤛꤢꤢ /bja˧e˨/; bet; der. ꤙꤛꤢ

game n ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤢꤠꤤꤜꤢꤠꤢ /tɛ˨ la˨vi˨la˨vɔ˧/garbage n ꤒꤢꤞꤢꤓꤢ /ta˨ʂɔ˦tʰɔ˧/ n

ꤢꤚꤝꤟꤤꤢꤚꤝꤟꤥ /a˨rwi ˦ a˨rwo˧/garden n ꤕꤚꤟꤢ /prɛ˦ /; der. ꤕꤚꤢꤋꤢ

gardener n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤥꤕꤟꤢ ꤗꤛꤢꤋꤝꤢ ꤒꤢꤚꤢ /prɛ˨ o˨pɔ˦ mja˦kʰwɛ˨ ta˨rɛ˦/

garlic n ꤖꤥꤟꤥꤙꤢ /pʰo˧ho˦bu˧/gasoline n ꤔꤢꤗꤟꤤꤞꤢ /na˨mi ˨ ʂu˦/; der. ꤞꤢ

gastritis n ꤖꤟꤌꤣꤒꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤ /pʰɯᵊ˧tɛ˨ ʃwi˦/; stomach sickness

gate n ꤊꤢꤘꤢꤖꤢ /ka˨da˧pʰu˦/; small door n

ꤜꤟꤥꤊꤢꤘꤢ /lo˨ka˨da˧du˨/; gate

gather v ꤤꤙꤢꤕꤜꤢ /i˨ba˨plɔ˦/; to harvest; der. ꤕꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢ v ꤤꤓꤢꤊꤟꤢ /i˨tʰe˧ka˨ /; gather firewood? v ꤤꤓꤌꤣꤕꤜꤢ /i˨tʰə˨plɔ˦/; der. ꤤꤓꤌꤣ

v ꤖꤛꤢ /pʰja˦/; gather v ꤥꤕꤜꤢꤡꤢ /o˨plɔ˦dʒɯ˧/; gathered together

gaur n ꤕꤟꤢꤗꤟꤤ; wild ox

gave v ꤘꤛꤢꤊꤛꤢ /dje˦kja˧/gazelle n ꤒꤢꤋꤛꤢ /ta˨kʰje˧/gecko n ꤐꤟꤌꤣꤟꤤ /zɯᵊhi˨/; der. ꤛꤥꤟꤤ

gem n ꤜꤟꤢꤍꤟꤢꤘꤢꤕꤚꤟꤤꤘꤢ /lɔ˦ ŋṳ˨du˨pri ˨ du˨/; costly stone; der. ꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢꤜꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤥ

genealogy n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢꤊꤜꤝꤤꤘꤛꤢꤜꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ dja˦klwi˧dja˦lja˧/

general n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢ /klje˧kʰu˨klɔ˦/; soldier head; der. ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤘꤢꤋꤢ ꤒꤢꤘꤢ

generation n ꤓꤢꤋꤢ /tʰɯ˧kʰɛ˧/generous adj ꤘꤛꤢꤐꤢꤘꤛꤢꤐꤛꤢ /dje˦zu˧dje˦zje˨/

gentle adj ꤞꤢꤘꤥꤞꤢꤍꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦do˧ʂɛ˦ŋa˨ /geography n ꤟꤢꤋꤢꤔꤟꤢꤋꤢ /he˨kʰu˨ne˦ kʰu˨/Germany n ꤡꤟꤢꤗꤢꤔꤤ /dʒa˨ma˨ni˨/gesture v ꤠꤟꤢꤠꤟꤛꤢ /vɯ˦vja˦ /; wave with your

hands

get v ꤔꤟꤤꤙꤢ /ni ˦ bɛ˨/; to receive something; der. ꤔꤟꤤ

get along phr ꤚꤟꤢ /rɛ˧ /; when people get along together; harmonious (including music)

get better phr ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢ ꤥꤗꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ʃwi˦tɛ˨ sʰɛ˧ o˨me˦ kja˧/; recover

get down phr ꤊꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ka˨ta˧ /; to disembark; der. ꤊꤢꤜꤝꤥꤒꤟꤢ

get drunk phr ꤢꤗꤟꤢꤥꤕꤚꤛꤢ /e˨mɯ˨o˧prja˦/; der. ꤢꤗꤟꤢꤥꤗꤟꤢ

get off phr ꤊꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ka˨ta˧ /; get down; disembark

get on phr ꤊꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ka˨tʰja˨/get rid of phr ꤠꤟꤢꤓꤢ /vɛ˦ tʰe˧/; to drive away

get up phr ꤊꤢꤓꤢ /ka˨tʰɔ˨/; stand up

ghost n ꤜꤟꤌꤣꤒꤢꤕꤚꤟꤛꤢ /lɯᵊ˧ta˨prja˨ /; der. ꤜꤟꤌꤣꤔꤢ; ꤔꤢ

gibbon n ꤐꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢ /zɔ˧ lɔ˨ /gift n ꤏꤛꤢꤐꤟꤢ /ʃje˧zṳ˦/ n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢꤊꤚꤢ

/tɛ˨ dje˦kra˧/giggle v ꤑꤟꤢꤟꤌꤣꤑꤟꤢꤞꤝꤢ /ɲe˧ ɯᵊ˨ɲe˧ ʂwɛ˦/; der.

ꤑꤟꤢꤟꤌꤣ

ginger n ꤒꤢꤢ /ta˨a˧/girl n ꤕꤢꤡꤟꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣꤖꤢ /pa˨ʤɛ˦ mɯᵊpʰu˦/ n

ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤢꤖꤢ /prɛ˨ mɔ˨pʰu˦/girlfriend n ꤋꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢ /kʰo˧prɛ˨ mɔ˨ /; der.

ꤋꤥꤗꤟꤥ

give v ꤘꤛꤢ /dje˦/give back phr ꤘꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ /dje˦ka˨ kʰje˧/;

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return

give down phr ꤘꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /dje˦ta˧ /give freely phr ꤘꤛꤢꤊꤚꤢ /dje˦kra˧/; see donate

give in phr ꤘꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /dje˦nɯᵊ˧/give to become phr ꤘꤛꤢꤓꤝꤟꤥꤓꤛꤢ

/dje˦tʰwo˧tʰja˨/give to drink phr ꤘꤛꤢꤥ /dje˦o˧/give to eat phr ꤘꤛꤢꤢ /dje˦e˨/give to go phr ꤘꤛꤢꤡꤛꤣ /dje˦ʤɯᵊ/give to know phr ꤘꤛꤢꤞꤢꤑꤢ /dje˦ʂɛ˦ɲe˧/give to read phr ꤘꤛꤢꤟꤣ /dje˦hə˦/give to rest phr ꤘꤛꤢꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣ /dje˦o˨kɯᵊ/give to sit phr ꤘꤛꤢꤥꤔꤛꤢ /dje˦o˨nja˧/; der.

ꤘꤛꤢꤥꤔꤛꤢꤥ

give to stay phr ꤘꤛꤢꤥ /dje˦o˨/give to use phr ꤘꤛꤢꤔꤢꤢ /dje˦nɔ˧e˨/give each other phr ꤘꤛꤢꤜꤢ /dje˦lu˧/give birth phr ꤘꤛꤢꤥꤖꤢ /dje˦o˨pʰu˦/

glad adj ꤞꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢꤞꤢꤜꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦krɯ˧ʂɛ˦lɔ˧ /gladden v ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ /me˨ ʂɛ˦krɯ˧/gladness n ꤞꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣꤖꤢꤖꤢ /ʂɛ˦lɯᵊpʰɔ˨pʰɯ˧/glass n ꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢꤙꤢ /lɔ˦ ʂu˦bu˧/ adj ꤏꤢꤊꤢꤜꤤ

/sʰɛ˦ka˨li˧/; clear, transparent

glasses n ꤗꤟꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣꤊꤛꤢ /ma˧ dɯᵊ˨kja˦/; for the eyes

gleaming adj ꤒꤢꤋꤢꤚꤢꤏꤥ /ta˨kʰɛ˧ra˨sʰo˧/glorify v ꤙꤢꤘꤢꤙꤢꤐꤟꤢ /be˨du˨be˨zɯ˦/; to place

as great and respected

glory n ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤤꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤋꤢ /tɛ˨ li˧tɛ˨ ta˨kʰɛ˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤤꤒꤢꤋꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢꤘꤢꤓꤢ /tɛ˨ ta˨rje˧du˨tʰu˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢꤘꤢ

glove n ꤒꤢꤋꤢꤊꤢ /ta˨kʰu˨kɔ˧/; der. ꤒꤢꤋꤢꤒꤢꤕꤜꤝꤥ

glue n ꤢꤤ /a˨i˧/

glutton n ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤢꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥ ꤥꤒꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ka˨ja˧ e˨ta˨lwo˦ o˧ta˨lje˨ /; person who eats and drinks too much

gluttonous adj ꤢꤏꤛꤥꤥꤕꤚꤟꤛꤢ /e˨ʃjo˨o˧prja˦ /; der. ꤢꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥ ꤥꤒꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ

gluttony n ꤒꤟꤢꤢꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥꤥꤒꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ e˨ta˨lwo˦o˧ta˨lje˨ /

gnat n ꤖꤢꤞꤢꤖꤢ /pʰɔ˧ʂa˦pʰu˦/; der. ꤖꤟꤌꤣꤞꤢ n

ꤖꤢꤏꤤꤗꤟꤤ /pʰɔ˧ʃi˦mi ˨ /go v ꤡꤛꤣ /ʤɯᵊ/

go and kill phr ꤡꤛꤣꤗꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢ /ʤɯᵊme˨ ʂje˧/go and listen phr ꤡꤛꤣꤔꤟꤤꤘꤢ /ʤɯᵊni ˦ da˧/go argue phr ꤡꤛꤣꤊꤚꤢꤊꤚꤟꤛꤢ

/ʤɯᵊkre˦krja˦ /go ask phr ꤡꤛꤣꤏꤢꤘꤛꤢ /ʤɯ˦sʰu˨dja˧/go ask for mercy phr ꤡꤛꤣꤊꤝꤤꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢ

/ʤɯ˦kwi˧ʂɛ˦zɔ˨ /go ask to see phr ꤡꤛꤣꤊꤝꤤꤗꤛꤢ

/ʤɯ˦kwi˧mja˦/go back and forth phr ꤡꤛꤣꤊꤟꤢꤡꤛꤣꤟꤛꤢ

/ʤɯ˦ka˨ ʤɯᵊhja˧/go buy phr ꤡꤛꤣꤤꤕꤚꤟꤤ /ʤɯ˦i˨pri ˨ /go down phr ꤊꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ka˨lja˨ /go enter phr ꤡꤛꤣꤊꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /ʤɯ˦ka˨nɯᵊ˧/go fight phr ꤡꤛꤣꤏꤢ /ʤɯ˦sʰa˦/go follow phr ꤡꤛꤣꤊꤚꤝꤥ /ʤɯ˦krwo˧/go guide phr ꤡꤛꤣꤐꤟꤢ /ʤɯ˦zṳ˧/go harvest phr ꤡꤛꤣꤊꤢ /ʤɯ˦kɛ˦/go inside and take phr ꤡꤛꤣꤔꤟꤌꤣꤖꤛꤢ

/ʤɯ˦nɯᵊ˧pʰje˦/go plead phr ꤡꤛꤣꤊꤝꤤꤒꤢꤘꤢ

/ʤɯ˦kwi˧ta˨dɯ˨/go pray phr ꤡꤛꤣꤊꤝꤤꤡꤢꤙꤢ

/ʤɯ˦kwi˧ʤɔ˦bɛ˧/go request phr ꤡꤛꤣꤊꤝꤤ /ʤɯ˦kwi˧/

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go stand phr ꤡꤛꤣꤊꤢꤓꤢꤥ /ʤɯ˦ka˨tʰɔ˨o˨/go take down phr ꤡꤛꤣꤖꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ

/ʤɯ˦pʰje˦ta˧ /go the wrong way phr ꤡꤛꤣꤞꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ

/ʤɯ˦ʂɯ˦klja˦/; go astray phr

ꤡꤛꤣꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢ /ʤɯᵊta˨pa˨ /; because of day-dreaming

go too far phr ꤋꤢꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥꤡꤛꤣꤒꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /kʰɛ˧ta˨lwo˦ʤɯ˦ta˨lje˨ /; step-go-too far

go up phr ꤓꤛꤢ /tʰja˨/; der. ꤊꤢꤓꤛꤢ

go up and in phr ꤡꤛꤣꤓꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /ʤɯ˦tʰja˨nɯᵊ˧/

go weep phr ꤡꤛꤣꤍꤟꤌꤣꤡꤛꤣꤟꤢ /ʤɯ˦ŋɯᵊʤɯ˦hɛ˨/

go with phr ꤡꤛꤣꤊꤟꤌꤣ /ʤɯ˦kɯᵊ˧/go from town to town phr ꤡꤛꤣ ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤒꤣꤠꤟꤤ

ꤓꤢꤒꤣꤠꤟꤤ /ʤɯ˦ nɯᵊ˧tə˨vi ˧ tʰe˨tə˨vi ˧ /go along with phr ꤡꤛꤣ ꤒꤢꤊꤚꤟꤥ ꤊꤟꤌꤣ

/dʒɯ˦ ta˨kro˨ kɯᵊ˧/go around phr ꤡꤛꤣ ꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ /dʒɯ˦ ta˨va˨ /go in a group phr ꤡꤛꤣꤕꤜꤢ /dʒɯ˦plɔ˦/go forward phr ꤡꤛꤣꤕꤢꤟꤛꤢ /dʒɯ˦pa˨hja˧/;

continue

go often phr ꤡꤛꤣꤡꤢ /dʒɯ˦dʒɯ˧/goal n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤐꤛꤢ ꤗꤛꤢꤏꤢ /tɛ˨ ta˨zje˨

mja˦sʰɯ˧/; purpose-hope n

ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤕꤢꤗꤢꤙꤥ /tɛ˨ me˨ pe˦ma˦bo˧/; the prize or goal ahead to overcome or win; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢꤗꤢ

goat n ꤕꤟꤢ /pe˦ /; der. ꤐꤟꤢ; ꤕꤟꤢꤗꤟꤤ

God n ꤡꤢꤗꤢꤚꤛꤢ /ʤɔ˦ma˨rja˨/goiter n ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤙꤥꤖꤥ /kja˧ bo˧pʰo˨/gold n ꤓꤢ /tʰɛ˧/gone v ꤡꤛꤣꤊꤛꤢ /ʤɯ˦kja˧/gong n ꤊꤜꤌꤣ /klɯᵊ˨/; large round gong or frog

drum n ꤗꤟꤥ /mo˨ /

gonorrhea n ꤟꤤꤗꤢꤖꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤ /hi˨ma˨pʰɛ˨ tɛ˨ ʃwi˦/

good n ꤒꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ rja˦/ adj ꤢꤚꤛꤢ /a˨rja˦/; der. -ꤚꤛꤢ; ꤚꤛꤢꤚꤛꤢꤘꤢꤘꤢ adj ꤢꤒꤝꤟꤥ ꤗꤟꤥꤚꤛꤢ

/a˨two˦ mo˨rja˦/; der. ꤢꤒꤝꤟꤥꤢꤚꤛꤢ adj ꤢꤏꤛꤣ /a˨ʃɯᵊ˧/; good seed; der. ꤢꤏꤛꤣꤚꤛꤢ

good deeds phr ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ me˨ rja˦tɛ˨ /; doing of good; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢ

good place phr ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢ /kʰa˧le˦ rja˦/good things phr ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤝꤟꤥꤒꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢ

/tɛ˨ two˦tɛ˨ rja˦/good luck phr ꤙꤝꤤꤘꤢꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢꤓꤢ

/bwi˦du˨ta˨rje˧tʰu˧/; of great profit

very good phr ꤚꤛꤢꤔꤛꤢꤡꤢ /rja˦nja˨zɔ˦/; der. ꤚꤛꤢꤜꤢ

goods n ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢ /tɛ˨ kɯ˦tɛ˨ kʰa˦/gooseberry n ꤒꤢꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢ /ta˨lɛ˦ ʂɛ˨/gorilla n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤤ /prɛ˨ mi ˨ /; ape

gospel n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢꤗꤤꤜꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦krɯ˧mi˨la˨/; joyful news

gossip v ꤘꤛꤢꤢꤐꤟꤥ /dja˦u˧zo˨/; talk about someone; der. ꤕꤟꤥꤢꤗꤝꤟꤤ

gouge out v ꤊꤢꤢꤓꤢꤊꤛꤢ /ka˨u˧tʰe˨kja˧/gourd n ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤞꤢ /kra˧ ʂɛ˨/gourd (bitter) n ꤋꤢꤒꤢꤗꤛꤢꤞꤢ /kʰɛ˨ta˨mje˧ʂɛ˨/;

wild small eggplant

gourd (ridge) n ꤘꤤꤊꤢꤊꤢꤓꤢꤞꤢ /di˧ku˨kɔ˦tʰu˧ʂɛ˨/

gourd (snake) n ꤘꤤꤊꤢꤊꤢꤞꤢ /di˧ku˨kɔ˦ʂɛ˨/gourd (sponge) n ꤘꤤꤊꤢꤊꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣꤞꤢ

/di˧ku˨kɔ˦pʰɯᵊ˨ʂɛ˨/govern v ꤕꤣꤒꤢꤚꤤ /pə˦ta˨ri˦/; rule; der. ꤕꤣ;

ꤕꤣꤓꤛꤢꤕꤣꤊꤟꤢ

governing n ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤣꤒꤢꤚꤤ /tɛ˨ pə˦ta˨ri˦/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤣꤜꤟꤛꤢ

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government n ꤋꤝꤤ /kʰwi˦/governor n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤣꤓꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢ /prɛ˨ pə˦tʰje˧ke˦ /;

ruler of a state or country; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤣ; ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤣꤒꤟꤢ; ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤣꤒꤢꤚꤤꤒꤟꤢ; ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤣꤓꤛꤢꤕꤣꤊꤟꤢ n ꤋꤝꤤ /kʰwi˦/

grab v ꤕꤟꤢ /pɯ˦/; hold v ꤊꤚꤟꤤꤑꤢ /kri ˨ ɲe˦/; grasp; to hold by putting hands or claws around v ꤡꤟꤢ /dʒɯ˨/; grab a handful of

grace n ꤙꤝꤤꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢ /bwi˦ta˨rje˧/; der. ꤙꤝꤤꤘꤢꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢꤓꤢ; ꤙꤝꤤꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢꤘꤢꤓꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤙꤝꤤꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ bwi˦tɛ˨ ta˨rje˧/

grade n ꤢꤒꤟꤥꤢꤒꤢ /a˨to˦a˨ta˧/; level

graft v ꤗꤟꤢꤤꤡꤢ /me˨ i˦ʤɯ˧/; to join together; der. ꤕꤜꤌꤣꤓꤢ ꤤꤡꤢ

grain n ꤙꤟꤌꤣꤊꤢꤜꤢ /bɯᵊ˦ku˧la˧/grain field n ꤙꤟꤌꤣꤊꤢꤜꤢ ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢꤋꤢ

/bɯᵊ˦ku˧la˧ prɛ˦ le˦ kʰu˨/grandchild n ꤖꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /pʰu˦lje˨ /; der. ꤜꤟꤛꤢ

grandfather n ꤖꤟꤌꤣ /pʰɯᵊ˧/grandmother n ꤖꤛꤢ /pʰje˧/grandparents n ꤖꤛꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣ /pʰje˧pʰɯᵊ˧/;

grandmother-grandfather

grape n ꤎꤢꤕꤛꤤꤞꤢ /sa˨pji˦ʂɛ˨/grape vine n ꤎꤢꤕꤛꤤꤖꤛꤢ /sa˨pji˦pʰja˧/grape wine n ꤎꤢꤕꤛꤤꤓꤛꤢꤐꤟꤢ

/sa˨pji˦tʰje˧za˧ /grapevine n ꤎꤢꤕꤛꤤꤗꤟꤢ /sa˨pji˦mɔ˦ /

grape juice n ꤎꤢꤕꤛꤤꤓꤛꤢ /sa˨pji˦tʰje˧/grape wine n ꤎꤢꤕꤛꤤꤓꤛꤢꤐꤟꤢ

/sa˨pji˦tʰje˧za˧ /grapefruit n ꤞꤢꤘꤢꤞꤢ /ʂɔ˨du˨sɛ˨/grasp v ꤊꤚꤟꤤꤑꤢ /kri ˨ ɲe˦/; to hold by putting

hands or claws around

grass n ꤗꤟꤤꤞꤢ /mi ˨ ʂɛ˨/; der. ꤗꤟꤤꤗꤟꤢ;

ꤗꤟꤤꤞꤛꤣꤜꤢ

grasshopper n ꤒꤢꤊꤤ /ta˨ki˧/; der. ꤒꤢꤊꤤꤕꤟꤢ

gratitude n ꤙꤝꤤꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢ /bwi˦ta˨rje˧/grave n ꤜꤟꤌꤣꤊꤢ /lɯᵊ˧ku˨/; der. ꤜꤟꤌꤣꤋꤢ

graveyard n ꤜꤟꤌꤣꤋꤢ ꤢꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ /lɯᵊ˧kʰu˨ a˨kʰa˧le˦ /

gray adj ꤒꤢꤖꤢ /ta˨pʰɛ˨/; blue

great adj ꤢꤘꤢꤢꤐꤟꤢ /a˨du˨a˨za˧ /; der. -ꤘꤢ

great things phr ꤒꤟꤢꤢꤘꤢꤢꤐꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ a˨du˨a˨za˧ /; things that are big and deep

great-grandchild n ꤜꤟꤛꤢꤜꤟꤢ /lje˨ lṳ˨/; der. ꤜꤟꤢ

great-great grandchild n ꤜꤟꤛꤢ /lje˨ /greater adj ꤘꤢꤜꤣꤊꤜꤢ /du˨lə˦klɔ˧/; der.

ꤘꤢꤊꤜꤢꤓꤢꤜꤣ

greatness n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤢꤒꤟꤢꤓꤢ /tɛ˨ du˨tɛ˨ tʰu˧/Greece n ꤊꤚꤤꤊꤟꤢ /kri˦ke˦ /greed n ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤢꤠꤟꤢꤊꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ ꤢ

ꤔꤟꤤꤘꤛꤢꤘꤢꤑꤢ /tɛ˨ kɔ˦va˦ kɔ˦pra˨ e˨ ni ˦ dje˦dɯ˨ɲe˧/; der. ꤊꤢꤠꤟꤢꤊꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤢꤖꤢ /tɛ˨ lɔ˧pʰa˧/greedy v ꤢꤘꤢ /e˨du˨/; eat-big adj ꤜꤢꤖꤢꤢ

ꤔꤟꤤꤚꤢꤔꤟꤤꤓꤢ /lɔ˧pʰa˧e˨ ni ˦ rɯ˧ni ˦ tʰɛ˧/; greedy to get money

Greek n ꤊꤚꤤꤍꤟꤥ /kri˦ŋo˦/; Greek language n

ꤊꤚꤤꤖꤢ /kri˦pʰu˦/ n ꤊꤚꤤꤗꤛꤢꤡꤣꤖꤢ /kri˦mje˧ʤə˨pʰu˦/

green adj ꤞꤛꤣ /ʂɯᵊ˧/green pepper n ꤞꤢꤟꤛꤢꤞꤤꤞꤛꤣ /ʂɛ˨hja˦ʂi˦ʂɯᵊ˧/greet v ꤟꤢꤗꤟꤥꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢ /he˦mo˨he˦rja˦/greeting n ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤗꤟꤥꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢ

/tɛ˨ he˦mo˨ he˦rja˦/grieve v ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤟꤢꤔꤢꤐꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɛ˧ ne˨zɔ˨ /grill v ꤤꤏꤢꤢ /i˨sʰɯ˦e˨/grin v ꤑꤟꤢꤒꤢꤊꤚꤥ /ɲe˧ ta˨kro˧/grind v ꤤꤏꤢꤒꤢꤏꤢ /i˨sʰa˦tɯ˧sʰɯ˨/; grind wheat v

ꤢꤟꤢ ꤒꤢꤊꤚꤤꤒꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ /a˨ ta˨kri ˧ ta˨krɯ˨/; to grind your teeth; der. ꤢꤟꤢ ꤒꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ

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groan v ꤞꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣꤊꤚꤟꤌꤣꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦mɯᵊkrɯᵊ˨ha˧/ v

ꤒꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣꤒꤢꤏꤢ /ta˨ɯᵊ˧ta˨sʰɛ˧/; ꤒꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣ

groom n ꤋꤥꤗꤟꤢꤋꤢꤖꤢ /kʰo˧mɛ˧ kʰu˧pʰɛ˧/; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤥꤗꤟꤢ ꤋꤢꤖꤢ; ꤋꤥꤗꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤢ

grope v ꤊꤜꤛꤣꤗꤛꤢ /klɯᵊ˦mja˦/; feel around for; der. ꤊꤜꤌꤣꤖꤢ

ground n ꤟꤢꤋꤢ /he˨kʰu˨/groundnut n ꤊꤢꤙꤤꤞꤢ /kɔ˦bi˧ʂu˦/; der.

ꤊꤢꤙꤤꤞꤢꤓꤛꤢ

group n ꤕꤜꤢꤗꤟꤢꤖꤢ /plɔ˦mṳ˨pʰu˦/; der. ꤢꤕꤜꤢꤢꤗꤟꤢ; ꤙꤢꤗꤟꤢ

grouse n ꤓꤢꤓꤢꤒꤢꤕꤣ /tʰu˨tʰɛ˧ta˨pə˦/; type of bird

grow v ꤘꤢꤓꤛꤢꤓꤢꤓꤛꤢ /du˨tʰja˨tʰu˧tʰja˨/; der. ꤘꤢꤓꤛꤢ

growl v ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤜꤝꤟꤥ /pra˧ lwo˧/; stomach growls v ꤒꤢꤍꤟꤢ /ta˨ŋɛ˨ /; i.e. lion

grown up adj ꤘꤢꤓꤛꤢ /du˨tʰja˨/; der. ꤘꤢꤓꤢ

grub n ꤊꤚꤛꤢ /krje˨/grumble v ꤒꤢꤗꤝꤟꤥꤒꤢꤜꤢ /ta˨mwo˧ta˨lɛ˧/guard n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤥꤕꤟꤢ /prɛ˨ o˨pɔ˦ /; der.

ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤥꤕꤟꤢꤊꤢꤘꤢ; ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤥꤕꤟꤢ v ꤥꤕꤟꤢꤥꤏꤛꤢ /o˨pɔ˦ o˨ʃja˦/; der. ꤥꤕꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢ;

ꤥꤕꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤋꤝꤢ

guava n ꤜꤥꤗꤤꤊꤛꤢꤞꤢ /lo˦mi˧kja˦ʂɛ˨/guess v ꤜꤢꤞꤢꤗꤛꤢ /la˧ʂa˧mja˦/; der.

ꤜꤢꤞꤢꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢ

guest n ꤏꤤꤕꤚꤟꤢꤏꤤꤗꤟꤛꤢ /ʃi˧pre˦ ʃi˧mhja˨/; der. ꤏꤤꤕꤚꤟꤢ

guest friends n ꤋꤥꤏꤤꤕꤚꤟꤢ /kʰo˧ʃi˧pre˦ /guesthouse n ꤏꤤꤕꤚꤟꤢꤟꤤ /ʃi˧pre˦ hi˨/guestroom n ꤏꤤꤕꤚꤟꤢꤚꤥ /ʃi˧pre˦ ro˧/

guidance n ꤒꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤐꤟꤢꤊꤜꤥ /tɛ˨ zṳ˧klja˦zṳ˧klo˧/; instruction; der. ꤐꤟꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣꤕꤜꤤ

guide v ꤐꤟꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤐꤟꤢꤊꤜꤥ /zṳ˧klja˦zṳ˧klo˧/; point out the way; der. ꤐꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ; ꤐꤟꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤐꤟꤢꤊꤜꤥ /prɛ˨ zṳ˧klja˦zṳ˧klo˧/

guidebook n ꤜꤤꤐꤟꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤐꤟꤢꤊꤜꤥ /li˨zṳ˧klja˦zṳ˧klo˧/

guilty adj ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤥ /tɛ˨ ʂɯ˦o˨/; state of being guilty of; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤒꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢꤥ

guitar n ꤒꤤ /ti˨/guitarist n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤘꤢꤒꤤ /prɛ˨ dɔ˨ti˨/gullet n ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤊꤚꤥ /kja˧ kro˨/gums n ꤋꤢꤋꤛꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢ /kʰu˨kʰje˧plje˦/gun n ꤏꤤꤑꤟꤢ /ʃi˦ɲa˨ /gunpowder n ꤛꤢꤞꤢ /ja˨ʂu˦/

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H h

habit n ꤜꤟꤢꤊꤜꤥ ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /le˦ klo˧ me˨ pa˨nɯᵊ/; custom-used to doing; der. ꤜꤟꤢꤊꤜꤥꤜꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ

Hades n ꤜꤟꤌꤣꤊꤟꤢꤔꤢꤘꤢ /lɯᵊ˧ke˦ ne˦dɔ˧/; country of death

haemorrhage n ꤞꤝꤤꤓꤢꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥ /ʂwi˨tʰe˨ta˨lwo˦/; too much blood comes out; der. ꤞꤝꤤꤜꤢꤜꤛꤢꤓꤢ

hail n ꤒꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢꤞꤢ /ta˨krɯ˨ʂɛ˨/ v ꤒꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢꤞꤢ

ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ta˨krɯ˨ʂɛ˦ dʒje˦ ta˧ /fall down phr ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ʤje˦ ta˧ /; when hail

comes down phr ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤚꤥ /ta˧ kro˧/; hair; leaves

hair n ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /kʰu˨lɯᵊ˨/; der. ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣꤒꤢꤊꤟꤢ n ꤔꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢꤏꤢ /ne˦ klɔ˦ʃɯ˨/; der. ꤏꤢ

hairy adj ꤏꤢꤥꤢ /ʃɯ˨o˨ɛ˦/half adv ꤊꤜꤢꤗꤢ /kla˧me˧/; middle; halfway; der.

ꤊꤜꤢꤗꤢꤊꤜꤢꤗꤢ; ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤢꤗꤢ adv ꤊꤢꤊꤥ /ka˦ko˨/; half of something; der. ꤒꤣꤊꤝꤥ;

ꤒꤣꤊꤛꤢ adv ꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢ /ha˦ʂje˦/; one half

halfway adv ꤊꤜꤢꤗꤢ /kla˧me˧/; der. ꤊꤜꤢꤗꤢꤊꤜꤢꤗꤢ; ꤊꤜꤢꤗꤢꤊꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢꤗꤢ

hammer n ꤤꤕꤟꤢ /i˨pɔ˨ / v ꤘꤢ /da˧/; the work a blacksmith does; to hammer out v ꤗꤟꤢ /mɯ˧/; to pound

hammock n ꤤꤡꤟꤢ /i˨ʤɔ˧ /hamstring n ꤋꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣꤕꤜꤢꤒꤟꤛꤢ

/kʰa˧dɯᵊ˨plɔ˨tje˦ /hand n ꤒꤢꤋꤢ /ta˨kʰu˨/; der. ꤒꤢꤋꤢꤑꤟꤢꤋꤢ

hand out phr ꤘꤛꤢ ꤕꤟꤢ ꤜꤢ ꤒꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢ ꤔꤢ ꤒꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢ /dje˦ pe˦ lu˧ tə˨prɛ˨ na tə˨prɛ˨ /; distribute

handkerchief n ꤊꤢꤓꤥꤖꤢ /ka˨tʰo˧pʰu˦/; small towel

handle n ꤜꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢꤒꤢꤋꤢ /le˦ pɯ˦ta˨kʰu˨/

handsome adj ꤖꤢꤒꤝꤟꤥꤖꤢꤞꤢꤚꤛꤢ /pʰɛ˧two˦pʰɛ˧ʂa˧rja˧/; nice looking

hang v ꤊꤜꤢ /klɛ˦/ v ꤤꤡꤢꤜꤤꤜꤥꤥꤗꤢ /i˦ʤɯ˧li˧lo˦o˨ma˨/; hang while fastened onto; der. ꤡꤢꤜꤤꤜꤥ v ꤘꤢꤗꤟꤢ /dɔ˦ma˧ /; to hang a bag

happen v ꤥꤓꤥꤥꤜꤟꤛꤢ /o˨tʰo˧o˨lja˨ /; der. ꤥꤓꤛꤢꤓꤥꤥꤓꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ v ꤓꤝꤟꤥꤓꤛꤢ /tʰwo˧tʰja˨/

happened v ꤓꤝꤟꤥꤟꤢ /tʰwo˧hɔ˦/happening n ꤒꤟꤢꤓꤝꤟꤥꤓꤛꤢꤢꤔꤟꤢ

/tɛ˨ tʰwo˧tʰja˨a˨ne˦ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤓꤝꤟꤥꤓꤛꤢ;

ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤢꤔꤟꤢ

happens v ꤥꤓꤛꤢ /o˨tʰja˨/; something happens; comes up

happiness n ꤒꤟꤢꤥꤗꤟꤥꤥꤕꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ o˨mo˨o˨pe˧ /; goodness, happiness, peace

happy adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤗꤟꤥ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨mo˨/; der. ꤗꤟꤥꤞꤢꤗꤟꤥꤞꤢ v ꤞꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢꤞꤢꤜꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦krɯ˧ʂɛ˦lɔ˧ /; der. ꤞꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ adj ꤞꤢꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˦lɔ˧ ʂɛ˦lja˨ /; enjoy

harbor n ꤜꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤙꤢꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣ /le˦ ka˨ ba˦o˨kɯᵊ/hard adj ꤕꤚꤛꤢꤊꤢꤘꤤ /prje˧ka˨di˦/; der. ꤕꤚꤛꤢ

hard-hearted adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ ꤕꤚꤛꤢꤊꤢꤘꤤ; hard and stubborn

harden v ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤚꤛꤢ /me˨ prje˧/; to make hard

hardworking adj ꤊꤚꤟꤢ /krɯ˧/; der. ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ

harelip n ꤋꤢꤢꤕꤟꤛꤢ /kʰa˧u˨pja˧ /harm v ꤗꤟꤢꤙꤢꤗꤟꤢꤏꤢ /me˨ bɛ˨me˨ sʰɛ˧/; to cause

pain; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤙꤢ v ꤗꤟꤢꤡꤢꤗꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ /me˨ ʤu˨me˨ tʰja˧/; to wound and cut

harmonious v ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢ /krɯ˧klɛ˧/harp n ꤒꤤ /ti˨/harvest v ꤊꤢꤊꤟꤢꤘꤝꤥ /kɛ˦ka˨ dwo˦/; der. ꤊꤢꤊꤟꤢ

harvest rice phr ꤊꤢꤙꤟꤌꤣ /kɛ˦bɯᵊ/

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harvest the grain or rice phr ꤤꤕꤚꤟꤢꤢ /i˨pra˦ e˨/; pull off by the handful (grain or rice)

harvest time phr ꤊꤢꤙꤟꤌꤣꤋꤢ /kɛ˦bɯᵊkʰɛ˧/; rice cutting time

harvester n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤊꤢꤕꤜꤢꤘꤝꤥ /prɛ˨ kɛ˦plɔ˦dwo˦/; lit. person-cuts-piles-stores; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤊꤢ; ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤊꤢꤙꤟꤌꤣ

hat n ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤝꤟꤥ /kʰu˨klwo˧/; der. ꤋꤢꤊꤟꤌꤣꤊꤜꤥꤙꤢ

hatch v ꤖꤢꤖꤢ /pʰu˦pʰɛ˦/; chicks hatch

hate v ꤞꤢꤓꤢꤞꤢꤒꤢꤋꤥ /ʂɛ˦tʰe˨ʂɛ˦ta˨kʰo˧/; der. ꤞꤢꤓꤢꤞꤢꤟꤢ; ꤞꤢꤓꤢ; ꤞꤢꤒꤢꤋꤥ v ꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ /θɛ˦zɔ˦ kja˧/

hate to give up phr ꤞꤢꤜꤥꤔꤟꤤ /ʂɛ˦lo˧ni ˦ /; don't want to give up

hating n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤓꤢꤞꤢꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦tʰe˨ʂɛ˦ha˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤓꤢ

have v ꤥ /o˨/; der. ꤢꤥ

don't have v ꤥꤒꤥ /o˨to˨/; der. ꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣꤢꤒꤥ

hay n ꤗꤟꤤꤊꤚꤢ /mi ˨ kra˧/; dry grass

he pron ꤢ /a˨/; 3rd person singular; der. ꤢ

head n ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢ /kʰu˨klɔ˦/; head (of the human body) n ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢꤋꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /kʰu˨klɔ˦kʰu˨klja˧/ n ꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢ /plja˧ /; the head of grain or rice

headache n ꤏꤢꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢ /sʰɛ˧kʰu˨klɔ˦/; head hurts

headmaster n ꤞꤛꤥꤜꤤꤟꤥꤋꤢ /ʂwo˦li˨ho˧kʰu˨/; principal

heal v ꤐꤢ /za˨/; in reference to illness or disability; der. ꤐꤢꤏꤤꤗꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ v ꤐꤢꤚꤟꤤ /za˨ri ˨ /; heal-restore; der. ꤏꤤꤗꤟꤢ v ꤗꤟꤢꤏꤤꤗꤟꤢ /me˨ ʃi˧me˦ /; cause to disappear

healed adj ꤜꤢꤗꤟꤢ /la˨me˦ /healing n ꤒꤟꤢꤐꤢꤏꤤꤗꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ za˨ʃi˧me˦ /health n ꤒꤟꤢꤥꤏꤝꤥꤥꤕꤚꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ o˨sʰwo˨o˨prja˧/

healthy adj ꤥꤏꤝꤥꤥꤕꤚꤛꤢ /o˨sʰwo˨o˨prja˧/; strong-healthy; der. ꤥꤏꤝꤥ adj ꤚꤟꤤ /ri ˨ /; healthy (plants)

heap v ꤘꤛꤢꤙꤢꤓꤛꤢꤎꤢꤗꤥ /dja˨ba˧tʰja˨sa˧mo˧/; heap up; der. ꤘꤛꤢꤕꤜꤢ

hear v ꤔꤟꤤꤟꤌꤣ /ni ˦ hɯᵊ˧/ adj ꤋꤢꤜꤢꤜꤤ /kʰa˧lɛ˨li˧/; able to hear

heart n ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨/heart (desire) n ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢ

/ʂɛ˦plɔ˨ʂɛ˦zɯ˦/heart (divided) adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤙꤤꤖꤢ

/ʂɛ˦plɔ˨bi˨pʰɛ˧/heart (weakness) n ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢ

/ʂɛ˦plɔ˨hɛ˧dʒɛ˦/heat n ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ /ke˦ kṳ˦/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤢꤊꤟꤢꤢꤜꤝꤥ

scorching heat n ꤒꤟꤢꤢꤊꤟꤢꤢꤜꤝꤥ /tɛ˨ a˨kṳ˦a˨lwo˦/

heat up phr ꤘꤥꤊꤟꤢ /do˧ku˦/heaven n ꤗꤟꤢꤋꤢ /mɔ˦ kʰu˨/heavier adj ꤢꤘꤢꤢꤓꤌꤣ ꤊꤜꤢꤜꤣ /a˨du˨a˨tʰɯᵊ˨

klɔ˧lə˦/heavy adj ꤢꤓꤌꤣ /a˨tʰə˨/; der. ꤢꤓꤌꤣꤢꤑꤢ adj

ꤢꤙꤢ /a˨bɯ˨/; fat

hedgehog n ꤓꤝꤤꤓꤛꤢ /tʰwi˨tʰja˦/; lit. dog-pig

heel n ꤋꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /kʰa˧nɯᵊ˨/; der. ꤋꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤊꤛꤢ

height n ꤢꤓꤛꤢꤜꤣ /a˨tʰja˨lə˧/heir phr ꤕꤚꤟꤢ ꤘꤣ ꤔꤟꤤꤙꤢ ꤢꤡꤢꤒꤢꤐꤟꤢ /prɛ˨

də˦ ni ˦ bɛ˨ u˨dʒɛ˧ta˨zɛ˦ /; the person who receives inheritance

helicopter n ꤊꤟꤌꤣꤞꤢꤖꤢꤟꤢꤑꤟꤢ /kɯᵊ˧ʂɔ˨pʰɔ˧hɯ˦ɲa˦ /

hell n ꤍꤢꤚꤢ /ŋa˨ra˨/ n ꤗꤢꤚꤢꤕꤟꤢꤒꤟꤛꤢ /mɔ˦ra˨pɔ˨ tja˨ /

helmet n ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤝꤟꤥꤒꤟꤢꤓꤢ /kʰu˨klwo˧tɔ˦ tʰɛ˦/; metal hat

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help v ꤗꤟꤢꤡꤝꤟꤥꤗꤟꤢꤊꤥ /me˨ ʤwo˦me˨ ko˧/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤡꤝꤟꤥ; ꤗꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢꤡꤝꤟꤥ; ꤟꤢꤡꤝꤟꤥ n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤡꤝꤟꤥ /tɛ˨ me˨ ʤwo˦/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤡꤝꤟꤥꤗꤟꤢꤊꤥ

helper n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤡꤝꤟꤥ /prɛ˨ me˨ ʤwo˦/hem in v ꤙꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ ꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢꤙꤤ /bɔ˨ta˧ tɯ˧

ta˨va˨ bi˦/hen n ꤏꤛꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣ /ʃje˧mɯᵊ/her pron ꤢ /ɛ˨/; 3rd person singular pron ꤜꤢ /lu˧/herald n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤟꤢꤏꤥꤘꤣꤑꤢ /prɛ˨ he˦sʰo˨də˨ɲa˧/herd (cattle) n ꤒꤟꤢꤖꤢꤒꤟꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ ꤢꤗꤟꤢ

/tɛ˨ pʰu˦tɛ˨ lje˨ a˨mu˨/here adv ꤙꤤꤛꤢ /bi˦je˧/hernia n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /pra˧ ta˧ /; lit. intestine falls

hesitant adj ꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢꤡꤢꤡꤣ /ta˨rɛ˧ dʒa˨dʒə˦/; embarrassed

hesitate v ꤗꤟꤢꤋꤢꤗꤟꤢꤐꤢ /me˨ kʰɔ˧me˨ zɔ˧/hesitating v ꤜꤢꤚꤢꤜꤢꤚꤢ /la˨rɔ˧la˨re˨/;

inadequate; doubtful; undecided

hiccup v ꤏꤤꤕꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣ /ʃi˦pa˨˨ ˨ɯᵊ˧/hide v ꤥꤝꤥꤥꤙꤤ /o˨wo˦o˨bi˦/; to be hidden; der.

ꤥꤝꤥ v ꤟꤌꤣꤙꤤ /hɯᵊbi˦/; hide-close; der. ꤒꤢꤘꤝꤥꤢꤟꤌꤣꤙꤤ v ꤘꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣꤘꤢꤙꤤ /dɔ˦ɯᵊ˦dɔ˦bi˦/; to hide something; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤙꤤꤗꤟꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣ v ꤙꤢꤘꤝꤥꤢꤟꤌꤣ /be˨dwo˦a˦ɯᵊ/; keep-hide; der. ꤙꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣꤙꤢꤙꤤ

v ꤒꤢꤘꤝꤥ /ta˨dwo˧/hid v ꤊꤟꤌꤣꤙꤤꤊꤛꤢ /kɯᵊ˧bi˦kja˧/hidden adj ꤥꤝꤥꤥꤢꤟꤌꤣꤙꤤ /o˨wo˦o˨hɯᵊbi˦/;

der. ꤥꤝꤥꤥꤢꤟꤌꤣ; ꤥꤝꤥꤢꤟꤌꤣꤙꤤ adj ꤥꤢꤟꤌꤣꤥꤙꤤ /o˨hɯᵊo˨bi˦/; der. ꤥꤢꤟꤌꤣꤙꤤ;

ꤥꤢꤟꤌꤣ; ꤟꤌꤣꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ

high adj ꤓꤛꤢꤜꤣ /tʰja˨lə˧/; der. ꤓꤛꤢꤜꤣꤊꤜꤢ

highest adj ꤓꤛꤢꤜꤣꤜꤣ /tʰja˨lə˧lə˦/; der. ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢꤜꤣ adj ꤒꤟꤢꤓꤢꤒꤢꤘꤢ /tɛ˨ tʰu˧ta˨dɯ˨/

highway n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤘꤢ /klja˦du˨/; der. ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣꤘꤢ

hill n ꤋꤥꤗꤟꤢꤋꤥꤜꤥ /kʰo˧ma˦ kʰo˧lo˧/; der. ꤏꤥꤖꤢ; ꤋꤥꤜꤥ

hilly adj ꤕꤜꤢꤥꤢ /plɔ˨o˨ɛ˦/him pron ꤢ /ɛ˨/; 3rd person singular pron ꤜꤢ /lu˧/hinder v ꤗꤟꤢꤘꤤꤘꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢ /me˨ di˦dja˧ta˧ tɯ˧/hip n ꤊꤜꤢ /kla˨/; der. ꤊꤜꤢꤊꤚꤝꤤ

hippopotamus n ꤒꤢꤞꤤꤓꤛꤢ /ta˨ʂi˦tʰje˧/hire v ꤘꤢꤊꤢ /da˨kɛ˨/; der. ꤘꤢꤊꤢꤢ

history n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢꤊꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ dja˦kja˧/hit v ꤕꤜꤤ /pli˦/; punish v ꤙꤢ /bɛ˨/ v ꤗꤟꤢ /mɯ˧/;

beat with a stick; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤓꤢ v ꤕꤟꤢ /pɔ˦ /; crash (i.e. car accident) v ꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢ /plja˦ /; hit the ball

hoe v ꤤꤠꤟꤢ /i˨vɛ˧ / n ꤒꤢꤔꤢ /ta˨ne˨/; broad hoe

hold v ꤕꤟꤢ /pɯ˦/; der. ꤕꤟꤢꤗꤢ v ꤊꤚꤟꤤ /kri ˨ /; grasp

hold tightly phr ꤍꤛꤢꤗꤢ /ŋje˦ma˨/hole n ꤊꤢ /ku˧/; der. ꤊꤢꤗꤥ n ꤕꤜꤥ /plo˧/

hole (deep) n ꤊꤢꤐꤟꤢ /ku˧za˧ /hole (shallow) n ꤊꤢꤒꤢꤜꤟꤢ /ku˧ta˨lɯ˦/hole (small) n ꤊꤢꤕꤢꤒꤤ /ku˧pa˨ti˦/

holiday n ꤗꤟꤢꤑꤢꤥꤊꤥ /mɔ˦ ɲe˧o˨ko˧/; free day

holier adj ꤡꤢꤏꤢꤜꤣ /ʤa˧sʰɛ˧lə˦/holiest n ꤡꤢꤏꤢꤜꤣꤢ /ʤa˧sʰɛ˧lə˦u˧/holy adj ꤡꤢꤏꤢ /ʤa˧sʰɛ˧/Holy Spirit n ꤞꤢꤡꤢꤏꤢ /ʂɛ˦ʤa˧sʰɛ˧/home n ꤟꤤ /hi˨/home ownership v ꤔꤢꤟꤤꤔꤢꤖꤛꤢ

/na˦hi˨na˦pʰja˧/homeland n ꤓꤛꤢꤜꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤊꤢ /tʰje˧le˦ ke˦ ku˧/;

State

homeless adj ꤏꤥꤘꤥꤟꤤ ꤏꤥꤘꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ /sʰo˧do˧hi˨ sʰo˧do˧prɛ˦ /; without home and garden

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homesick adj ꤔꤟꤢꤞꤛꤣ ꤘꤢ /ne˨ ʂɯᵊ˨ dɔ˧/; to miss your village

hometown n ꤥꤜꤟꤛꤢꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ /o˨lja˨ kʰa˧le˦ /homework n ꤜꤤꤟꤤꤘꤢ /li˨hi˨dɔ˦/honest adj ꤡꤢꤒꤟꤢ /dʒɔ˦te˨ /; der. ꤡꤢꤡꤢ n ꤊꤢꤛꤢ

ꤡꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ka˨ja˧ dʒɔ˦te˨ /; person who is honest or righteous

honey n ꤠꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ /vja˦tʰje˧/; der. ꤒꤢꤔꤤꤓꤛꤢ

honor n ꤒꤟꤢꤙꤢꤐꤟꤢꤙꤢꤑꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ be˨zɯ˦be˨ɲa˦ /; respect; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤙꤢꤘꤢꤐꤟꤢꤑꤟꤢ v ꤙꤢꤐꤟꤢꤑꤟꤢ /be˨zɯ˦ɲa˦ /; der. ꤐꤟꤢꤑꤟꤢ v

ꤘꤛꤢꤘꤢꤘꤛꤢꤓꤢ /dja˨du˨dja˨tʰu˧/; der. ꤘꤛꤢꤘꤢ; ꤘꤛꤢꤘꤢꤘꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤜꤣ; ꤘꤛꤢꤘꤢꤐꤟꤢꤑꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ

hoof n ꤊꤢꤗꤟꤢ /ka˨mɛ˦ /; der. ꤋꤢꤗꤟꤢ

hook n ꤤꤙꤤꤊꤟꤢ /i˨bi˦ka˦ / v ꤊꤟꤢ /ka˦ /hope v ꤗꤛꤢꤏꤢ /mja˦sʰɯ˧/; der.

ꤗꤛꤢꤏꤢꤗꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤏꤢ /tɛ˨ mja˦sʰɯ˧/

horn n ꤔꤟꤢ /nɔ˨ /horse n ꤒꤢꤞꤤ /ta˨ʂi˦/horse carriage n ꤒꤢꤞꤤꤜꤟꤥ /ta˨ʂi˦lo˦/hospital n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤꤟꤤ /tɛ˨ ʃwi˦hi˨/hot adj ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ /ke˦ kṳ˦/; weather; hot to touch;

der. ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤙꤢ; ꤢꤊꤟꤢꤢꤜꤝꤥ adj ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤒꤢꤊꤜꤟꤤ /ke˦ kṳ˦ta˨kli ˦ /; extremely hot adj ꤢꤟꤛꤢ /a˨hja˦/; hot food; spicy

hotel n ꤟꤢꤒꤢ /hɔ˨tɛ˨/; borrowed word from English; der. ꤜꤟꤢꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣꤟꤤ

hour n ꤗꤢ /mɯ˧/house n ꤟꤤ /hi˨/; der. ꤟꤤꤕꤚꤢ

house owner n ꤟꤤꤙꤛꤢꤡꤢ /hi˨bja˨ʤɛ˨/household n ꤟꤤꤖꤢꤖꤛꤢꤖꤢ /hi˨pʰu˦pʰja˧pʰu˦/housework n ꤟꤤꤘꤢꤊꤢꤊꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢ

/hi˨dɔ˦kɔ˦ku˧ tɛ˨ me˨ /

how adv ꤖꤢꤒꤢ /pʰu˦te˧/how many? adv ꤙꤢꤒꤢ /ba˦te˧/; how much; der.

ꤙꤢ-

how many days? phr ꤙꤢꤔꤛꤢꤒꤢ /ba˦nje˧te˧/how many years? phr ꤙꤢꤔꤢꤒꤢ /ba˦na˨te˧/how many people? phr ꤙꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤒꤢ

/ba˦prɛ˨ te˧/howl v ꤓꤝꤤꤢꤗꤟꤥ /tʰwi˧ɔ˨mo˨/; when a dog

howls

hug v ꤖꤛꤢꤙꤢ /pʰja˦bɯ˦/; der. ꤖꤛꤢ

huge adj ꤢꤘꤢ ꤑꤢꤡꤢ /a˨du˨ ɲa˨dʒɔ˦/; very big

human n ꤊꤢꤛꤢ /ka˨ja˧/human rights n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢ ꤢꤋꤝꤢꤢꤛꤢ /prɛ˨ lu˨

a˨kʰwa˦a˨ja˨/; lit. people's opportunity

humble v ꤏꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ /ʃja˨lja˨ ʂɛ˦plɔ˨/; lit. to push down your heart; der. ꤋꤛꤢꤡꤢ

humiliate v ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ /me˨ ta˨rɛ˧ /; embarrass

humiliation n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ /te˨ ta˨rɛ˧ /; that which embarrasses

humility n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ /tɛ˨ ʃja˨lja˨ ʂɛ˦plɔ˨/

hunched over adj ꤑꤟꤢꤘꤢꤋꤢ /ɲa˦ da˦kʰɔ˧/; to have a bent over back; der. ꤑꤟꤢꤒꤢꤊꤢ

hundred number -ꤐꤟꤢ /-zɛ˨ /; used for things and people; der. ꤒꤣꤐꤟꤢ number -ꤡꤝꤟꤢ /-dʒwɛ/; used for money; der. ꤒꤣꤡꤝꤟꤢ

hundred thousand n -ꤞꤤ /-ʂi˧/; der. ꤒꤣꤞꤤ

hungry adj ꤞꤢꤢꤞꤢꤥ /ʂɛ˦e˨ʂɛ˦o˧/; lit. want to eat and drink; der. ꤞꤢꤢꤘꤤ; ꤞꤢꤠꤟꤤꤞꤢꤢ adj ꤒꤢꤠꤟꤤꤒꤢꤊꤢ /ta˨vi ˧ ta˨kɔ˧/ adj ꤜꤢꤘꤛꤢꤢꤜꤢꤘꤛꤢꤥ /la˨dja˦e˨la˨dja˦o˧/; hungry-tired adj ꤒꤢꤜꤤꤒꤢꤡꤥ /ta˨li˦ta˨dʒo˨/

hunt v ꤟꤛꤢꤜꤢꤋꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤤ /hja˧le˧kʰɛ˦ tɛ˨ mi ˨ /; coming and shooting animals; der. ꤜꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤤ

hunter n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤤ /prɛ˨ lɯ˨tɛ˨ mi ˨ /

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hurricane n ꤊꤟꤢꤜꤢꤞꤢꤘꤢ /ke˦ la˨ʂɛ˦du˨/hurriedly adv ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤟꤌꤣꤒꤢꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢ

/ta˨plɯᵊ˦ta˨plje˧ /hurt adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤏꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨sʰɛ˧/; referring to hurt

feelings v ꤏꤢ /sʰɛ˧/; der. ꤢꤏꤢ; ꤗꤟꤢꤙꤢꤏꤢ n

ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤏꤢ /ka˨ja˧sʰɛ˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤙꤢꤏꤢ v

ꤗꤟꤢꤏꤢ /me˨ sʰɛ˧/; make hurt; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤙꤢꤗꤟꤢꤏꤢ

hurts a lot v ꤏꤢꤏꤛꤥ /sʰɛ˧ʃjo˨/hurt-tingles v ꤏꤢꤒꤢꤠꤤ /sʰɛ˧ta˨vi˦/; hitting the

funny bone will cause a pain and tingling

husband n ꤠꤟꤢ /vɛ˨ /; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤢ

husk (rice) n ꤖꤤꤞꤢ /pʰi˧ʂɔ˦/hut for resting n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢ /klja˦le˦ ʂɯ˨/;

der. ꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢ

hyena n ꤓꤝꤤꤕꤢ /tʰwi˨pɛ˦/hygiene n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤝꤟꤥꤕꤜꤤꤞꤤꤕꤜꤥ

/te˨ mwo˧ pli˧ʂi˧plo˧/hypertension n ꤞꤝꤤꤓꤛꤢ /ʂwi˨tʰja˨/; lit. blood

rises

hypocrisy v ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤋꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤋꤥ /ʤje˦ kʰa˦ʤje˦ kʰo˨/; der. ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤋꤥꤡꤟꤛꤢꤋꤢ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤡꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ʤje˦ ʤɔ˦ʤje˦ te˨ /; pretending to be right

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I i

I/me pron ꤠꤢ /va˧/; 1st person singular

ice n ꤓꤛꤢꤋꤛꤢ /tʰje˧kʰja˦/; der. ꤓꤛꤢꤋꤛꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣ

ice cube n ꤓꤛꤢꤋꤛꤢꤊꤜꤢ /tʰje˧kʰja˦klɔ˦/idea n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢ /ta˧ sʰa˦ta˨ne˨ /; thought

idle adj ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤢꤜꤢꤙꤛꤢ /ta˨kle˧le˧bja˦/idol n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤐꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢꤊꤟꤤ /prɛ˨ zo˨prɛ˨ ki ˦ /;

der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤐꤟꤥ; ꤐꤟꤢꤐꤟꤥꤐꤟꤢꤊꤟꤤ

idolatry n ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤢꤙꤢ ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤐꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢꤊꤟꤤ /tɛ˨ ʤɔ˦bɛ˧ prɛ˨ zo˨prɛ˨ ki ˦ /; worshiping idols

if conj ꤊꤤ /ki˨/ conj ꤛꤥ /jo˧/ v ꤟꤢꤊꤟꤌꤣꤚꤢ /he˦kɯᵊre˦/

if like that, then phr ꤊꤤꤟꤢꤚꤢ /ki˨he˦rɔ˦/if not, then phr ꤊꤤꤗꤟꤢꤒꤥꤚꤢ /ki˨ma˦ to˨rɔ˦/; or

if you say that, then phr ꤊꤤꤟꤢꤗꤢ /ki˨he˦ma˨/ignore v ꤔꤟꤤꤘꤢ ꤒꤥ /ni ˦ da˧ to˨/; not listen v

ꤘꤛꤢꤒꤢꤊꤜꤝꤥ /dja˦ta˨klwo˨/ v ꤡꤛꤢꤊꤢꤢ /dʒje˦ka˨ɔ˨/

ill adj ꤥꤏꤝꤤꤥꤏꤢ /o˨sʰwi˦o˨sʰɛ˧/; der. ꤏꤝꤤꤏꤢ;

ꤞꤢꤏꤝꤤꤔꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ; ꤥꤗꤟꤥꤚꤛꤢꤒꤥ n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤꤕꤚꤟꤢꤏꤢ /prɛ˨ sʰwi˦prɛ˨ sʰɛ˧/; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤ

illegal adj ꤏꤢꤊꤥ ꤔꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤛꤥꤒꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢ /sʰa˦ko˨ na˦ tɛ˨ ʂwo˦tɛ˨ ʂja˨/; against the law

illiterate v ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤜꤤꤒꤥ /ʤja˦ li˨to˨/; unlearned

illness n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤ /tɛ˨ ʃwi˦/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢ

image n ꤐꤟꤢꤐꤟꤥꤐꤟꤢꤊꤟꤤ /za˦ zo˨za˦ ki ˦ /; image or idol; der. ꤐꤟꤢꤐꤟꤥ n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤐꤟꤥ /prɛ˨ zo˨/; in the likeness of a person

imagine v ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢ /ta˨ne˨ /; think

imitate v ꤊꤚꤝꤥꤗꤛꤢꤙꤢ /krwo˧mja˦bɯ˧/; follow-imitate; der. ꤊꤚꤝꤥꤗꤟꤢ; ꤗꤟꤢꤙꤢꤙꤢ v ꤗꤟꤢꤊꤜꤝꤥ /me˨ klwo˨/

immature adj ꤖꤢꤙꤢꤜꤢꤒꤥ /pʰu˦ba˧lɛ˧to˨/; not yet of age

immediately adv ꤒꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣꤒꤛꤣ /tə˨pʰɯᵊtɯᵊ˧/; at the same time; simultaneously adv ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤌꤣꤒꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢ /ta˨plə˦ta˨plje˧/

immerse v ꤡꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ /dʒe˨ tʰje˧/; put down into water

immoral v ꤡꤛꤣꤞꤢ ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤢ /ʤɯᵊʂɯ˦ prɛ˨ mɔ˨prɛ˨ kʰu˧/; sexual immorality with men or women adj ꤜꤢꤚꤟꤌꤣꤜꤢꤚꤟꤢ /la˨rɯᵊla˨rɛ˧ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤥꤓꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ ꤜꤢꤚꤟꤌꤣꤜꤢꤚꤟꤢ

immortal v ꤞꤛꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤒꤥ /ʂje˧ʤhja˦to˨/; can't die

immunize v ꤏꤢꤒꤢꤊꤟꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢ /sʰa˦ta˨kɛ˨ tɛ˨ kʰu˨/

immutable adj ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢ ꤒꤥ /ta˨klja˨dʒja˨ to˨/; cannot change

impartial adj ꤗꤛꤢꤘꤢ ꤗꤛꤢꤕꤢꤒꤤ ꤢ ꤒꤥ /mja˦du˨ mja˦pa˨ti˦ u˧ to˨/; lit. not look-big-look-small others; not showing favoritism

impatient adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ ꤓꤢꤒꤥ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨ tʰu˨to˨/imperishable adj ꤞꤢꤕꤛꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤒꤥ

/ʂɔ˧pje˦dʒja˦to˨/; not able to spoil or rot

implement v ꤒꤢꤚꤟꤌꤣ /ta˨rɯᵊ˧/impolite adj ꤒꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢꤑꤟꤢ ꤥꤒꤥ /tɛ˨ zɯ˨ɲa˦

o˨to˨/; no respect adj ꤞꤢꤑꤟꤢ ꤒꤥ /θɛɲa to˨/important adj ꤜꤥꤘꤢ /lo˨du˨/; der. ꤢꤜꤥꤘꤢ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤥꤘꤢ /tɛ˨ lo˨du˨/; thing that is important

even more important adj ꤜꤥꤘꤢꤜꤣꤊꤜꤢ /lo˨du˨lə˦klɔ˧/

most important phr ꤜꤥꤘꤢꤜꤣꤢ /lo˨du˨lə˦u˧/; or 'most important'; der. ꤜꤥꤘꤢꤜꤣ; ꤜꤥꤘꤢꤊꤜꤢ

imprison v ꤘꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /dɔ˦nɯᵊ˧/; der. ꤘꤢꤒꤟꤢꤥ

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improve v ꤗꤟꤢꤘꤢꤓꤛꤢꤓꤢꤓꤛꤢ /me˨ du˨tʰja˨tʰu˧tʰja˨/; to develop

impure adj ꤡꤢꤏꤢꤒꤥ /ʤa˧sʰɛ˧to˨/; unholy n

ꤖꤟꤌꤣꤗꤝꤟꤥꤒꤥ /pʰɯᵊ˦mwo˧to˨/; not clean and white

in prep -ꤊꤢ /-ku˧/; der. ꤢꤊꤢ

in front of phr -ꤑꤢ /-ɲe˧/; der. ꤘꤣꤑꤢ phr ꤚꤟꤢ /re˦ /; der. ꤚꤟꤢꤜꤣ

in order that phr ꤞꤛꤢꤖꤢ /ʂja˦pʰu˦/in the back phr -ꤋꤛꤢ /-kʰje˧/; der. ꤘꤣꤋꤛꤢ

in the future phr ꤏꤛꤢ꤮ ꤔꤥꤕꤟꤢ /ʃje˦ no˨pa˧ /in the future it will phr ꤕꤟꤢꤗꤢ /pa˧ ma˨/in the past phr ꤗꤢꤔꤢꤗꤢꤞꤢꤋꤢ

/mu˦nu˨mu˦ʂa˨kʰɛ˧/ n ꤘꤣꤑꤢꤔꤢ /də˦ɲe˦nu˨/in time for phr ꤜꤢ /lɛ˦/in-laws v ꤋꤥꤗꤟꤢ /kʰo˧mɛ˧ /; what in-laws call

each other

inaccurate adj ꤒꤥꤒꤥ /to˧to˨/; not right or correct; der. ꤢꤒꤥꤒꤥ

inadequate adv ꤜꤢꤚꤢꤜꤢꤚꤢ /la˨rɔ˧la˨re˨/; not enough; insufficient in amount; der. ꤘꤤꤛꤢ ꤢ ꤥꤊꤛꤢ ꤜꤢꤚꤢꤜꤢꤚꤢ

incapable v ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤒꤥ /dʒja˦ to˨/; unable to do; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤒꤥ

incense n ꤒꤟꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤗꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤏꤢ /tɛ˨ nɯᵊ˨mɯ˦nɯᵊ˨sʰɯ˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤗꤢ;

ꤒꤟꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤗꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤟꤢ

incisors n ꤋꤢꤋꤛꤢꤖꤢ /kʰu˨kʰje˧pʰu˦/; teeth

included adj ꤥꤕꤟꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /o˨pa˨ nɯᵊ˧/; der. ꤥꤕꤟꤢꤒꤟꤣ; ꤥꤕꤟꤢꤒꤟꤣꤊꤟꤌꤣ; ꤥꤕꤟꤢ; ꤥꤔꤟꤌꤣꤒꤟꤣꤊꤟꤌꤣ

not included phr ꤊꤟꤌꤣꤒꤥ /kɯᵊ˧to˨/including prep ꤕꤟꤢ /pa˨ /; der. ꤕꤟꤢꤒꤟꤣ;

ꤕꤟꤢꤒꤟꤣꤊꤟꤌꤣ prep ꤏꤤꤓꤢ /ʃi˧tʰe˧/income n ꤚꤢ ꤊꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /rɯ˧ ka˨nɯᵊ˧/incomplete adj ꤓꤛꤣꤒꤥ /tʰɯᵊ˧to˨/; not finished

inconvenient adj ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤥꤒꤟꤢꤙꤢ ꤒꤥ /ta˧ to˧ta˧ bɛ˨ to˨/; isn't perfect, exactly right

incorrect adj ꤒꤥꤒꤥ /to˧to˨/; not right or correct; der. ꤢꤒꤥꤒꤥ

increase adv ꤥꤕꤟꤥ /o˨po˦/; is more

independence n ꤊꤟꤢꤙꤢꤙꤢꤜꤢ /ke˦ bɛ˨bɯ˨la˧/; country freedom n ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤢꤜꤢ /tɛ˨ pa˨la˧/; freedom

indestructible adj ꤕꤛꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤒꤥ /pje˦dʒja˦ to˨/; cannot be destroyed

India n ꤊꤢꤜꤤꤊꤟꤢ /ku˧li˦ke˦ /Indonesia n ꤢꤘꤥꤔꤟꤤꤏꤛꤢ ꤊꤟꤢ /e˨do˨ni ˧ sʰja

ke˦ /indulge v ꤜꤟꤢꤜꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ /lɯ˨lɛ˦ʂɛ˦plɔ˨/; to

chase after the heart

industrious adj ꤊꤚꤟꤢ /krɯ˧/ adj ꤒꤢꤔꤢꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢ /ta˨nɯ˦ta˨nɔ˨ /

inexpensive adj ꤢꤍꤟꤢꤊꤢ /a˨ŋu˨kɔ˨/inform v ꤘꤛꤢ ꤞꤢꤑꤢꤕꤜꤤ /dje˦ ʂɛ˦ɲe˧pli˦/;

notify; der. ꤘꤛꤢ ꤞꤢꤑꤢ

information n ꤢꤚꤤꤢꤊꤛꤢ /a˨ri˨a˨kja˧/; details n

ꤒꤟꤢꤚꤤꤒꤟꤢꤊꤜꤥ /tɛ˨ ri˨tɛ˨ klo˧/inhabit v ꤥ ꤜꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣꤜꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /o˨

la˨lɯᵊ˦la˨klja˨/; live

inhale v ꤞꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /ʂɛ˦nɯᵊ˧/inharmonious v ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢꤒꤥ /krɯ˧klɛ˧to˨/inheritance n ꤢꤡꤢꤒꤢꤐꤟꤢ /u˨ʤɛ˧ta˨zɛ˦ /; der.

ꤢꤡꤢ

initiate n ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤞꤢ /ka˨ja˧ʂɛ˧/; new person

inject v ꤏꤢꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢ /sʰa˦tɛ˨ kʰu˨/; inject medicine

injection n ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢ ꤜꤟꤢꤏꤢ /tɛ˨ kʰu˨ le˦ sʰa/injure v ꤗꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤꤗꤟꤢꤏꤢ /me˨ sʰwi˦me˨ sʰɛ˧/;

der. ꤗꤟꤢꤏꤢ

injury n ꤢꤡꤢꤢꤓꤛꤢ /a˨dʒu˨a˨tʰja˧/ink n ꤜꤤꤙꤥꤓꤛꤢ /li˨bo˧tʰje˧/innocent adj ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢ ꤥꤒꤥ /tɛ˨ ʂɯ˦ o˨to˨/; without

sin/wrong

53

insane adj ꤒꤢꤗꤝꤤ /ta˨mwi˧/; crazy

insects n ꤞꤤ ꤒꤣꤡꤣꤡꤣ /ʂi˦ tə˨dʒə˨dʒə˨/insert v ꤊꤟꤤꤔꤟꤌꤣ /ki ˧ nɯᵊ˧/; inserting finger into

inside prep ꤢꤊꤢ /a˨ku˧/; der. -ꤊꤢ

insist v ꤏꤢꤊꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣ /sʰɔ˧ka˨dɯᵊ/inspect v ꤓꤢꤡꤢꤗꤛꤢ /tʰɯ˦dʒe˧mja˦/; examine

instead adv (ꤗꤟꤢ) ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤢ /me˨ ta˨ple˨/; to prefer over another adv ꤒꤛꤢ ꤢꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ /tja˦ a˨kʰa˧le˦ / adv (ꤗꤟꤢ)ꤊꤛꤢ ꤢꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ /me˨ kja˧ a˨kʰa˧le˦ /

instruct v ꤐꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /zṳ˧ta˧ lɯᵊ˧/ v

ꤗꤢꤡꤛꤣꤔꤟꤤ /me˨ʤɯᵊni ˦ /; instruct to do something

instructor n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤤꤞꤛꤥꤤꤞꤛꤢ /prɛ˨ i˨ʂjo˦i˨ʂja˧/ n ꤞꤢꤚꤢ /ʂa˦ra˦/; der. ꤞꤢꤚꤢꤘꤢ

instrument n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤢꤒꤟꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣ /tɛ˨ dɔ˨tɛ˨ ɯᵊ˦/; for making music

insufficient adj ꤜꤣꤙꤢꤒꤥ /lə˦ba˧to˨/; der. not

enough adj ꤕꤢꤕꤢꤒꤥ /pɔ˨pe˦to˨/ adj ꤒꤢꤜꤤꤒꤢꤡꤥ /ta˨li˦ta˨ʤo˨/ adv ꤜꤢꤚꤢꤜꤢꤚꤢ /la˨rɔ˧la˨re˨/; not enough; der. ꤘꤤꤛꤢ ꤢ ꤥꤊꤛꤢ

ꤜꤢꤚꤢꤜꤢꤚꤢ adj ꤢꤜꤥꤕꤢ /a˨lo˨pa˧/; not enough; more needed

insult v ꤟꤢꤗꤢꤗꤟꤛꤢ /he˦mu˧mja˦ /; speak evil v

ꤟꤢ ꤒꤢꤋꤝꤥꤒꤢꤊꤢ /he ta˨kʰwo˦ta˨kɛ˨/; to speak against

intelligent adj ꤘꤢ /dɛ˨/intention n ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤐꤢꤕꤜꤤ /ta˨ne˨ ze˨pli˦/intercourse n ꤠꤛꤢ /vja˨/; sex

interest n ꤚꤢꤖꤢ /rɯ˧pʰu˦/; interest on your money; der. ꤢꤖꤢꤖꤢ ꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣꤗꤟꤌꤣ

interested adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ ꤕꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨ pa˨/; der. ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤥ adj ꤞꤢꤥꤞꤢꤥ /ʂu˨o˨ʂɛ˦o˨/; care to do

interesting adj ꤒꤥꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ /to˧ʂɛ˦plɔ˧/; correct with the heart

interfere v ꤘꤤꤘꤛꤢ /di˦dja˧/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤘꤤꤘꤛꤢ

interference adv ꤏꤤꤠꤟꤛꤢꤘꤤꤘꤛꤢ /ʃi˦vja˦ di˦dja˧/; der. ꤏꤤꤠꤟꤛꤢ

international n ꤟꤢꤋꤢ ꤏꤤꤙꤢ /he˨kʰu˨ ʃi˧ba˨/; the whole earth

internet n ꤢꤓꤣꤔꤢ /e˨tʰə˨nɛ˦/; borrowed from English

interpret v ꤕꤟꤥꤓꤢ /po˨tʰe˨/; translate

interpreter n ꤕꤚꤟꤢ ꤕꤟꤥꤓꤢ /prɛ˨ po˨tʰe˨/interrupt v ꤘꤤꤘꤛꤢ /di˦dja˧/; interfere; der.

ꤘꤤꤘꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ; ꤗꤟꤢꤘꤤꤘꤛꤢ

intersection n ꤒꤟꤢ /tɛ˦ /; where a road or tree divides off

intestine n ꤕꤚꤟꤢ /pra˧ /; der. ꤖꤟꤌꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢ n

ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤘꤢ /pra˧ du˨/; large intestine n

ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤖꤢ /pra˧ pʰu˦/; small intestine

into prep ꤘꤣ ꤢꤊꤢ /də˦ a˨ku˧/; inside

intoxicated adj ꤥꤗꤟꤢ /o˧mɯ˨/introduce v ꤟꤢꤏꤥꤜꤟꤌꤣ ꤚꤢ

ꤒꤟꤢꤚꤤꤒꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ /he˦sʰo˨lɯᵊ˧ re˦ tɛ˨ ri˨tɛ˨ kʰja˧/; explain beforehand

investigate v ꤏꤢꤘꤛꤢꤗꤛꤢ /sʰu˨dja˧mja˦/invitation n ꤜꤤ ꤢꤗꤟꤥ /li˨ ɛ˨mo˨/invite v ꤢꤗꤟꤥꤏꤢ /ɛ˦mo˨sʰɯ˨/; der. ꤢꤏꤢ;

ꤢꤏꤢꤗꤟꤥꤚꤛꤢ; ꤢ

invite in phr ꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /ɛ˦nɯᵊ˧/; der. ꤢꤊꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ

invite to come phr ꤢꤟꤛꤢ /ɛ˦hja˧/invite to come and eat phr ꤢꤟꤛꤢꤢ /ɛ˦hja˧e˨/invite to come inside phr ꤢꤟꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ

/ɛ˦hja˧nɯᵊ˧/invite to eat phr ꤢꤢ /ɛ˦e˨/invite to follow phr ꤢꤊꤚꤝꤥ /ɛ˦krwo˧/invite to follow-come phr ꤢꤊꤚꤝꤥꤟꤛꤢ

/ɛ˦krwo˧hja˧/invite to follow-go phr ꤢꤊꤚꤝꤥꤡꤛꤣ

/ɛ˦krwo˧ʤɯᵊ/

54

invite to go phr ꤢꤡꤛꤣ /ɛ˦ʤɯᵊ/iron n ꤒꤟꤢꤓꤢ /tɔ˦ tʰɛ˦/; metal v ꤓꤢꤞꤢ

(ꤟꤛꤢꤡꤢ) /tʰɯ˦ʂe˨ hje˨dʒa˧/; to iron clothes

irritate v ꤗꤟꤢꤘꤤꤘꤢꤘꤤꤘꤛꤢ /me˨ di˦dɔ˦di˦dja˧/; to bother; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤘꤤꤘꤛꤢ

is v ꤗꤢ /ma˨/; the verb "to be"

island n ꤊꤜꤢ /klɯ˦/islanders n ꤊꤜꤢꤋꤢꤖꤢ /klɯ˦kʰu˨pʰu˦/isle n ꤊꤜꤢꤖꤢ /klɯ˦pʰu˦/

Israel n ꤤꤎꤢꤚꤟꤢꤜꤢ /i˨sa˨re˦ la˨/Israelite n ꤤꤎꤢꤚꤟꤢꤜꤢꤖꤢ /i˨sa˨re˦ la˨pʰu˦/

it pron ꤢ /a˨/; 3rd person singular

itchy adj ꤊꤢꤞꤢ /ka˨ʂɛ˦/ivory n ꤒꤢꤏꤛꤢꤒꤢꤗꤛꤢ /ta˨ʃja˧ta˨mja˦/; elephant

tusk

55

J j

jack fruit n ꤕꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤞꤢ /pa˨lja˧ ʂɛ˨/jacket n ꤡꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢ /dʒa˨klɔ˧/; der. ꤡꤟꤢꤘꤢ

jade n ꤜꤟꤢꤞꤛꤣ /lɔ˦ ʂɯᵊ˧/; green stone

jail n ꤓꤢ /tʰɔ˧/; der. ꤓꤢꤊꤢ n ꤕꤟꤥꤊꤢ /po˨ku˧/; der. ꤢꤕꤟꤥ v ꤘꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /dò˦nɯᵊ˧/; put in jail

January n ꤡꤛꤢꤔꤢꤝꤟꤢꤚꤟꤤ /dʒja˨sa˨wa˨ ri ˨ /Japan n ꤡꤛꤢꤕꤢ ꤊꤟꤢ /dʒja˨pa˨ ke˦ /jar n ꤞꤥꤠꤤ /ʂo˧vi˦/; der. ꤞꤥꤘꤢ; ꤞꤥꤙꤛꤢꤖꤢ n

ꤡꤟꤥ /ʤo˧ / n ꤕꤟꤛꤢ /pja˧ / n ꤕꤟꤢꤟꤢ /pɔ˨ he˨/; clay pot

jasper n ꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢ ꤜꤤꤞꤛꤣꤜꤢ /lɔ˦ ʂe˦ li˨ʂɯᵊ˧lɛ˧/; kind of gem

jaundice adj ꤛꤢꤙꤛꤢ /je˨bja˧/jaw n ꤋꤢꤊꤚꤝꤤ /kʰɛ˨krwi˦/; maxilla; der.

ꤔꤟꤤꤔꤟꤢ

jealous adj ꤞꤢꤊꤥꤞꤢꤋꤝꤢ /ʂɛ˦ko˨ʂɛ˦kʰwɛ˦/; envy; der. ꤞꤢꤋꤝꤢ; ꤞꤢꤋꤢꤞꤢꤓꤢ

jealousy n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤋꤝꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦kʰwɛ˦/; envy

jeans n ꤟꤛꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢ /hje˨dʒje˦/Jerusalem n ꤛꤢꤚꤢꤏꤛꤢꤜꤢ /ja˨ru˦ʃja˨le˨/Jesus Christ n ꤛꤢꤏꤛꤢꤋꤚꤤ /je˨ʃu˦kʰri˦/; der.

ꤛꤢꤏꤛꤢ

jewel n ꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢꤜꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤥ /lɔ˦ ʂe˦lɔ˦ pro˨/Jews n ꤛꤢꤘꤢꤖꤢ /ju˦da˨pʰu˦/job n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ me˨ /join v ꤗꤟꤢꤤꤡꤢ /me˨ i˦ʤɯ˧/; to connect; graft v

ꤒꤟꤢ /tɔ˦ /; to join a tool handle to a tool

join with others phr ꤕꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /pa˨nɯᵊ˧/joined adj ꤥꤤꤡꤢꤒꤟꤣ /o˨i˦ʤɯ˧tə˦ /; der. ꤡꤢ;

ꤥꤏꤢꤤꤡꤢꤗꤢ

joint n ꤕꤜꤢ /plɛ˨/; in between n ꤓꤝꤥ /tʰwo˨/; body part n ꤊꤚꤝꤤꤤꤡꤢ /krwi˦i˧ʤɯ˧/; bones-joined

joke v ꤏꤢꤙꤢ /sʰu˨bɛ˦/ v ꤟꤢꤙꤢ ꤕꤢꤒꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣꤓꤛꤢ

/he˦bɛ˨ pa˨ta˦pʰɯᵊ˧tʰja˨/; tease

joking v ꤟꤢꤐꤢꤟꤢꤜꤢ /he˦zɔ˦he˦le˧/; in joking; der. ꤟꤢꤐꤢ

journey n ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤛꤣꤒꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ʤɯᵊtɛ˨ ka˨ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤛꤣ

joy n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢꤞꤢꤜꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦krɯ˧ʂɛ˦lɔ˧ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ n ꤞꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣꤖꤢꤖꤢ /ʂɛ˦lɯᵊpʰɔ˨pʰɯ˧/

joyful adj ꤞꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢꤞꤢꤜꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦krɯ˧ʂɛ˦lɔ˧ /; der. ꤞꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ

judge v ꤡꤤꤚꤛꤢ /ʤi˨rja˨/; punish; sentence for crime v ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤞꤢꤙꤢꤞꤢꤙꤛꤢ /ta˨ne˨ ʂɯ˦bɔ˧ʂɯ˦bje˨/; in judging others by how they look or act; der. ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤞꤢꤙꤢ ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤞꤢꤙꤛꤢ n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤡꤤꤚꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /prɛ˨ ʤi˨rja˨tɛ˨ /; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤡꤤꤚꤛꤢ;

ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤡꤤꤚꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤖꤢ

judge rightly phr ꤡꤤꤚꤛꤢꤡꤢ /ʤi˨rja˨ʤɔ˦/; der. ꤡꤤꤚꤛꤢꤡꤢ ꤡꤤꤚꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ

judgment n ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢꤟꤢꤙꤛꤢ ꤢ /tɛ˨ he˦bɔ˧he˦bje˨ u˧/

jugular notch n ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤢꤊꤢ /kja˧ ɔ˨ku˧/; hollow at front base of neck

July n ꤡꤟꤛꤥꤜꤟꤢ /dʒuo˨lɛ˨ /jump v ꤕꤟꤢ /pa˦ /; der. ꤕꤟꤢꤤꤏꤛꤢꤤꤕꤚꤢ

jump and stand up phr ꤕꤟꤢꤊꤢꤓꤢ /pa˦ ka˨tʰɔ˨/; der. ꤕꤟꤢꤤꤓꤢ

jump down phr ꤕꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /pa˦ ta˧ /jump up phr ꤕꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ /pa˦ tʰja˨/

June n ꤡꤟꤛꤥ /dʒuo˨/jungle n ꤗꤤꤘꤢꤞꤢꤊꤜꤢ /mi˨du˨ʂu˨klɛ˧/ n

ꤒꤢꤔꤢꤒꤢꤟꤥ /ta˨nɔ˧ta˨ho˧/; deep forest or jungle

Jupiter n ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤕꤤꤒꤣ /dʒje˨ pi˨tə˨/

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just particle ꤕꤚꤢ /prɛ˦/ adj ꤡꤢꤒꤟꤢ /dʒɔ˦te˨ /; righteous; true

just happened phr ꤗꤥꤕꤢ /mo˦pa˧/; something that just occurred; der. ꤗꤥꤕꤢꤕꤚꤢ

justify v ꤙꤢꤡꤢꤙꤢꤒꤟꤢ /be˨dʒɔ˦be˨te˨ /

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K k

kapok tree n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢ /tɔ˨ mɔ˦ /Karenni n ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤜꤟꤤꤖꤢ /ka˨ja˧li ˨ pʰu˦/; Kayah

Li Phu (red people)

keep v ꤙꤢꤘꤝꤥ /be˨dwo˦/keep on (doing) phr ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤢꤟꤛꤢ /me˨ pa˨hja˧/;

der. ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢꤟꤛꤢ

kerosene n ꤔꤢꤗꤤꤓꤛꤢ /na˨mi˨tʰje˧/kettle n ꤓꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢ /tʰje˧ku˦pɔ˧ /key n ꤞꤢꤓꤤ /ʂɔ˦tʰi˨/kick v ꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢ /ta˨pɛ˧ / v ꤓꤟꤌꤣ /tʰɯᵊ˧/ v ꤤꤕꤢ

ꤙꤢꤘꤥ /i˨pa˧ ba˧do˨/; kick a person's feet out from under them

kidney n ꤜꤤꤜꤢ /li˦lu˧/kidney disease n ꤜꤤꤜꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤ /li˦lu˧ tɛ˨ ʃwi˦/kidney stone n ꤜꤟꤢꤥꤒꤟꤛꤢ ꤜꤤꤜꤢꤊꤢ /le˦ o˨tja˦

li˦lu˧ku˧/kill v ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢ /me˨ ʂje˧/; der.

ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢꤗꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢ

kilogram n ꤊꤤꤜꤥꤊꤚꤟꤢ /ki˨lo˨kra˨ /kindergarten n ꤒꤟꤥꤋꤢꤏꤛꤢ /to˦kʰa˧ʃje˦/kindness n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢꤙꤢ

/tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦zɔ˨ kla˨ bɛ˨/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ me˨ rja˦tɛ˨ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤗꤟꤥꤗꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢ n ꤙꤝꤤꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢ /bwi˦ta˨rje˧/; gratitude

king n ꤋꤝꤤꤡꤢꤖꤛꤢ /kʰwi˦ʤɔ˦pʰja˨/; der. ꤡꤢꤖꤛꤢ; ꤋꤝꤤꤘꤢ; ꤋꤝꤤꤘꤢꤡꤢꤖꤛꤢꤓꤢ

kingdom n ꤓꤛꤢꤜꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤊꤢ /tʰje˧le˦ ke˦ ku˧/kiss v ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤗꤢ /nɯᵊ˨mɯ˦/; also fragrant smell

kitchen n ꤗꤤꤕꤟꤥ /mi˨po˨/kite n ꤜꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢꤐꤟꤥ /la˧ za˦ zo˨/kitten n ꤓꤝꤥꤖꤢ /tʰuo˦pʰu˦/

knee n ꤋꤛꤢꤗꤟꤢ /kʰja˨ma˧ /knee cap n ꤋꤛꤢꤗꤟꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢꤙꤢ

/kʰja˨ma˧ plja˧ba˧/kneed v ꤡꤤ /dʒi˨/kneel v ꤘꤢꤍꤟꤢ /da˦ŋɯ˨/; der. ꤘꤢꤍꤟꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ

knife n ꤘꤤꤓꤥ /di˨tʰo˦/; der. ꤟꤤꤓꤥ

knock v ꤘꤢ /dɔ˨/; der. ꤘꤢ v ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢ /ta˨klɛ˧ /knot n ꤏꤢꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢ ꤤꤋꤢ /sʰu˨plje˨ i˨kʰu˨/ v

ꤕꤜꤝꤥꤓꤢ /plwo˧tʰɯ˧/know v ꤞꤢꤑꤢ /ʂɛ˦ŋe˧/; der. ꤞꤢꤑꤢꤓꤛꤢ

knowledge n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤤꤒꤟꤢꤖꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂi˦tɛ˨ pʰɛ˦/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤤꤖꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤋꤢꤞꤢꤑꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦kʰu˨ʂɛ˦ɲe˧/

knuckle n ꤊꤢꤔꤢꤗꤟꤢ /ka˨nɔ˧ma˧ /Korea n ꤊꤥꤚꤤꤛꤢ ꤊꤟꤢ /ko˦ri˦ja˦ ke˦ /

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L l

labium n ꤜꤟꤤꤗꤟꤢ /li ˦ mɛ˨ /labor v ꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢ /e˨rja˨ /; der.

ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢ; ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢ; ꤚꤟꤛꤢ

laborer n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢ /prɛ˨ me˨ tɛ˨ me˦ /lacking v ꤛꤥ /jo˨/ adj ꤒꤢꤜꤤꤒꤢꤡꤥ /ta˨li˦ta˨ʤo˨/;

insufficient

ladder n ꤊꤢꤙꤥ /ka˨bo˧/lady n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤢ /prɛ˨ mɔ˨/; woman

lake n ꤓꤛꤢꤢ /tʰje˧ɔ˨/; der. ꤓꤛꤢꤢꤘꤢ; ꤔꤥꤊꤢ

lamb n ꤞꤤꤗꤟꤤꤖꤢ /ʂi˦mi ˦ pʰu˦/ n ꤞꤤꤗꤟꤤꤐꤛꤢ /ʂi˦mi ˦ zje˨/; mutton

lame adj ꤘꤢ /da˦/; der. ꤋꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣꤘꤢ n ꤊꤢꤛꤢ

ꤋꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣꤘꤢ ꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢꤥꤒꤟꤛꤢ /ka˨ja˧ kʰa˧dɯᵊ˨da˦ ta˨rṳ˨o˨thja˦/; a person who is lame; der. ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤘꤢꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ

lamp n ꤗꤤꤊꤢ /mi˨kɔ˧/land n ꤟꤢꤋꤢ /he˨kʰu˨/; der. ꤋꤥ; ꤋꤥꤋꤢ

landing n ꤋꤢꤙꤥꤗꤟꤛꤢ /kʰa˨bo˧mja˧ /; top of the stairs

landlord n ꤟꤤꤙꤛꤢꤡꤢ /hi˨bja˨ʤɛ˨/; house-owner

language n ꤜꤟꤢꤍꤟꤥ /la˧ ŋo˦/; der. ꤍꤟꤥ

lantern n ꤗꤤꤊꤢ /mi˨kɔ˧/Laos n ꤜꤟꤢ ꤊꤟꤢ /lɔ˦ ke˦ /lap n ꤋꤛꤢꤔꤢ /kʰja˨nɔ˧/large adj -ꤘꤢ /-du˨/; big; great

laryngitis n ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤊꤚꤥꤊꤢꤛꤛꤢ /kja˧ kro˨ku˧zja˦/larynx n ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤔꤤ /kja˧ ni˧/lasso v ꤘꤢꤍꤝꤟꤥ /da˨ŋwo˧/; noose

last adj ꤢꤔꤥꤜꤣ /a˨no˨lə˦/; final or last; der. ꤔꤥꤜꤣ adv ꤘꤣ ꤋꤛꤢꤜꤣ /də˦kʰje˧lə˦/; at the back; final

last month phr ꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥꤊꤛꤢꤒꤣꤜꤢ /ta˨lwo˦kja˧tə˨lɛ˧/; der. ꤢꤚꤟꤢꤋꤢ ꤒꤣꤜꤢ

last night phr ꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥꤊꤛꤢꤒꤣꤟꤢ /ta˨lwo˦kja˧tə˨he˨/; der. ꤢꤚꤟꤢꤋꤢ ꤒꤣꤟꤢ phr

ꤕꤢꤟꤢꤔꤢ /pa˨he˦nu˨/; yesterday

last week phr ꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥꤊꤛꤢꤒꤣꤊꤜꤢ /ta˨lwo˦kja˧tə˨klɛ˦/; der. ꤢꤚꤟꤢꤋꤢ ꤒꤣꤊꤜꤢ

last year phr ꤔꤢꤟꤢꤔꤢ /na˨he˦nu˨/lasting adj ꤋꤛꤢꤑꤟꤢ /kʰja˧ɲe˧ /lasting yet longer phr ꤥꤑꤟꤢꤊꤟꤌꤣꤕꤟꤥ

/o˨ɲe˧ kɯᵊ˧po˦ /late adv ꤒꤟꤢꤔꤥ /ta˧ no˨/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣ

later adv ꤏꤛꤢꤔꤥꤕꤟꤢ /ʃje˦no˨pa˧ /; in the future; der. ꤏꤛꤢ꤮ ꤔꤥꤕꤟꤢ; ꤔꤥ adv ꤢꤔꤥꤊꤜꤢ /a˨no˨klɔ˧/

latest adj ꤒꤟꤢꤔꤥꤜꤣ /ta˧ no˨lə˦/; der. ꤔꤥꤜꤣ

laugh v ꤑꤟꤢ /ɲe˧ / v ꤑꤟꤢꤊꤚꤟꤌꤣ /ɲe˧ krɯᵊ˧/laugh hard v ꤑꤟꤢꤟꤢꤒꤢꤊꤟꤢ /ɲe˧ ha˧ta˨ka˧ /;

der. ꤑꤟꤢꤟꤢ v ꤑꤟꤢꤏꤛꤥꤏꤛꤥ /ɲe˧ ʃjo˨ʃjo˨/laughter n ꤒꤟꤢꤑꤟꤢꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ɲe˧ ha˧/lava n ꤜꤟꤢꤗꤤꤢ /lɔ˦ mi˨ɯ˧/; burning rock

law n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤛꤥꤒꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂwo˦tɛ˨ ʂja˨/lay v ꤤꤘꤢꤒꤟꤢ /i˨dɛ˧ta˧ /; lay down something on

the ground; der. ꤘꤢ; ꤤꤘꤢ; ꤤꤘꤢꤓꤛꤢ ꤘꤢꤒꤟꤢ v ꤥꤗꤛꤢꤋꤢ /o˨mje˧kʰɯ˦/; lay down and sleep v

ꤥꤒꤢꤊꤜꤟꤌꤣ /o˨ta˨klɯᵊ˧/; lay on your stomach v ꤙꤢꤒꤟꤢ /be˨ta˧ /; lay/put down

lazy adj ꤞꤢꤒꤢꤊꤜꤢ /ʂɛ˦ta˨kle˧/; der. ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤢꤜꤢꤙꤛꤢ; ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤢ; ꤜꤢꤙꤛꤢ

lazy person n ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤜꤢꤙꤛꤢ /ka˨ja˧le˧bja˦/; der. ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤒꤢꤊꤜꤢ; ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤜꤢꤙꤛꤢ; ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤢꤜꤢꤙꤛꤢꤖꤢ

lead n ꤡꤢ /dʒɯ˨/leader n ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢꤋꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /kʰu˨klɔ˦kʰu˨klja˧/;

der. ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤘꤢ; ꤘꤢꤋꤢ; ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢꤘꤢ; ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤓꤝꤟꤥꤘꤢꤓꤝꤟꤥꤓꤢ

59

leaders n ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤘꤢꤊꤢꤛꤢꤓꤢ /ka˨ja˧du˨ka˨ja˧tʰu˧/; der. ꤘꤢꤋꤢ;

ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢꤘꤢꤊꤢꤏꤢꤓꤢ

leaf n ꤜꤢ /lɛ˨/; der. ꤞꤢꤜꤢ

leak v ꤡꤟꤛꤢ /dʒje˧ /lean v ꤒꤢꤜꤝꤟꤥ /ta˨lwo˨/leap n ꤤꤕꤟꤢ /i˨pa˦ /learn v ꤤꤞꤛꤥꤤꤞꤛꤢ /i˨ʂwo˦i˨ʂja˧/; der.

ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤛꤥ

learned n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢꤞꤢꤑꤢꤒꤟꤢꤖꤢ /prɛ˨ pṳ˧ʂɛ˦ɲe˧tɛ˨ pʰu˦/; person who seeks to know adj ꤡꤟꤛꤢ /dʒja˦ /; learned; able; der. ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤟꤢ

lease v ꤘꤢꤊꤢꤢ /da˨kɛ˨e˨/; to lease or hire the land for use n ꤟꤤꤊꤢ ꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ /hi˨kɛ˨ ta˨ra˧ /; rental document

least adj ꤥꤕꤢꤒꤤꤜꤣ /o˨pa˨ti˦lə˦/leather n ꤖꤢꤊꤚꤢ /pʰa˦kra˧/leave v ꤓꤢꤡꤛꤣ /tʰe˨ʤɯᵊ/; der. ꤓꤢ v ꤘꤛꤢꤊꤛꤢ

/dja˨kja˧/; to leave someone or something behind

leave and do phr ꤓꤢꤡꤛꤣꤗꤟꤢ /tʰe˨ʤɯᵊme˦ /leave and get into phr ꤓꤢꤡꤛꤣꤓꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ

/tʰe˨ʤɯᵊtʰja˨nɯᵊ˧/; leave and get into a boat, etc.

leave and see phr ꤓꤢꤡꤛꤣꤗꤛꤢ /tʰe˨ʤɯᵊmja˦/leave and stay phr ꤓꤢꤡꤛꤣꤥ /tʰe˨ʤɯᵊo˨/leave and visit phr ꤓꤢꤡꤛꤣꤜꤢ /tʰe˨ʤɯᵊle˧/

leaving v ꤊꤟꤢꤟꤢ /ka˨ hɔ˦/ledge n ꤜꤟꤢꤒꤢꤗꤟꤛꤢ /lɔ˦ ta˨mja˧ /; overhang

lee n ꤒꤢꤔꤢꤖꤢ /ta˨nɔ˧pʰu˦/; point of land that sticks out; to the lee of

leech n ꤐꤛꤢ /zja˨/; der. ꤐꤟꤢ

leek n ꤖꤥꤟꤥꤗꤟꤤ /pʰo˧ho˦mi ˨ /leek (Indian) n ꤕꤢꤕꤢꤚꤝꤟꤤ /pa˦pɛ˧rwi ˦ /

left v ꤡꤛꤣꤊꤛꤢ /ʤɯᵊkja˧/; go (past tense); der. ꤓꤢꤡꤛꤣꤊꤛꤢꤟꤢ adv ꤡꤢꤡꤤ /ʤɔ˦ʤi˨/; to be on the left of something v ꤥꤚꤟꤛꤢꤊꤛꤢ; to be left (by oneself)

left-handed adj ꤒꤢꤋꤢ ꤡꤢꤡꤤ /ta˨kʰu˨ dʒɔ˦dʒi˨/leftover adj ꤥꤊꤛꤢ /o˨kja˧/; der. -ꤊꤜꤟꤢ

leftovers n ꤏꤢꤢꤥꤊꤛꤢ /sʰɛ˨e˨o˧kja˧/; food left; der. ꤏꤢꤢ ꤥꤜꤣꤊꤛꤢ

leg n ꤋꤛꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣ /kʰa˨dɯᵊ˨/; der. ꤋꤛꤢ; ꤋꤢꤕꤟꤛꤢ

leg hair n ꤋꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣꤏꤢ /kʰa˧dɯᵊ˨ʃɯ˨/lemon n ꤞꤢꤘꤢꤞꤢ /ʂɔ˨dɛ˨ʂɛ˨/lemon tree n ꤞꤢꤘꤢꤗꤟꤢ /ʂɔ˨dɛ˨mɔ˦ /lemonade n ꤞꤢꤘꤢꤞꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ʂɔ˨dɛ˨ʂɛ˨tʰje˧/lend v ꤘꤛꤢꤙꤢꤘꤛꤢꤜꤟꤥ /dje˦bɔ˨dje˦lo˦/; der.

ꤖꤛꤢꤙꤢꤖꤛꤢꤜꤟꤥ

length n ꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /a˨lja˦ /; width

leopard n ꤖꤟꤌꤣꤋꤤꤊꤚꤤꤖꤢ /pʰɯᵊ˧kʰi˧kri˦pʰu˦/less adv ꤛꤥ /jo˨/; der. ꤛꤝꤥ

lessen v ꤛꤥꤊꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /jo˨ka˨lja˨ / v

ꤒꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣꤒꤣꤊꤤ /tə˨pʰɯᵊtə˨ki˨/lesson n ꤒꤟꤢꤤꤞꤛꤥ /tɛ˨ i˨ʂwo˦/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤞꤛꤥ

n ꤜꤤ /li˨/; literature

let v ꤕꤜꤝꤥ /plwo˧/let know phr ꤘꤛꤢ ꤞꤢꤑꤢ /dje˦ ʂɛ˦ɲe˧/letter n ꤜꤤ /li˨/; correspondence n ꤜꤤꤕꤜꤢ

/li˨plɔ˨/; letter of an alphabet

lettuce n ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤢꤒꤢꤓꤢ /ta˨plɛ˨ta˨tʰa/level n ꤒꤟꤥ /to˦/; step v ꤗꤟꤢꤚꤢꤘꤢ /me˨ ra˨dɯ˧/;

to make equal

liar n ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤜꤢꤟꤥ /ka˨ja˧la˨ho˧/; der. ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢ

liberty n ꤙꤢꤙꤢꤜꤢ /bɛ˨bɯ˨la˧/library n ꤜꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤜꤤ ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ /le˦ mja˦li˨

kʰa˧le˦ /; place for looking at books

lice n ꤞꤛꤣ /ʂɯᵊ˨/; der. ꤞꤛꤣꤘꤛꤢ

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lick v ꤤꤜꤛꤢ /i˨lje˨/lid n ꤋꤢꤘꤢ /kʰu˨dɔ˦/; der. ꤘꤤꤕꤟꤢꤋꤢꤘꤢ

lie v ꤜꤢꤟꤥꤜꤢꤟꤛꤢ /la˨ho˧la˨hja˨/; der. ꤜꤢꤟꤥ;

ꤟꤢꤙꤛꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤢꤟꤥꤜꤢꤟꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ la˨ho˧la˨hja˨/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤢꤟꤥ v

ꤥꤒꤢꤊꤜꤟꤌꤣ /o˨ta˨klɯᵊ˧/; to lie on your stomach v ꤥꤗꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /o˨mje˧/; lie down

life n ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤓꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨tʰwo˧prɛ˨ / n

ꤒꤟꤢꤥꤓꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ o˨tʰwo˧prɛ˨ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤓꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ

lift v ꤡꤟꤢ /ʤɔ˧ /; lift using your hands; der. ꤡꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ v ꤏꤢꤓꤛꤢ /sʰu˨tʰja˨/; lift up to put inside v ꤐꤟꤥꤓꤛꤢ /zo˦tʰja˨/; lift up-raise your hands; der. ꤐꤟꤥꤟꤛꤢ; ꤐꤟꤥꤓꤢ v ꤒꤢꤓꤛꤢ /tu˦tʰja˨/; lift up your eyes to see v ꤞꤢ /ʂa˦/; lift up your dress or longyi

lift down phr ꤡꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ʤɔ˧ ta˧ /lift up phr ꤡꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ʤɔ˧ tʰja˨/lift out phr ꤡꤟꤢꤓꤢ /dʒɔ˧ tʰe˨/

lifted up phr ꤘꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤜꤣ /dja˨tʰja˨lə˧/ligament n ꤚꤝꤟꤤꤓꤝꤥ /rwi ˦ tʰwo˨/; der.

ꤊꤚꤝꤤꤒꤢꤔꤢ

light n ꤜꤤ /li˧/ v ꤤꤏꤤꤜꤤ /i˨ʃi˧li˧/; der. ꤤꤏꤤꤗꤤ;

ꤏꤤꤜꤤ; ꤤꤏꤢ; ꤤꤏꤢꤊꤟꤛꤢ; ꤕꤟꤢꤊꤟꤛꤢꤗꤤ adj ꤖꤝꤤ /pʰwi˧/; not heavy; der. ꤖꤝꤤꤐꤢ

light shines phr ꤜꤤꤒꤢꤋꤢ /li˧ta˨kʰɛ˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤤꤒꤢꤋꤢ

light shines brightly phr ꤜꤤꤏꤢꤒꤢꤋꤢ /li˧sʰa˦ta˨kʰɛ˧/

light shining down phr ꤜꤤꤒꤢꤋꤢꤒꤟꤢ /li˧ta˨kʰɛ˧ta˧ /

lighter adj ꤖꤝꤤꤟꤛꤢ /pʰwi˧hja˧/; becoming less heavy adj ꤜꤤꤒꤢꤋꤢꤜꤣ /li˧ta˨kʰɛ˧lə˦/; brighter; lighter n ꤗꤤꤘꤢ /mi˨da˧/

lightness adj ꤢꤖꤝꤤꤢꤗꤟꤥ /a˨pʰwi˧a˨mo˨/; light and happy

lightning n ꤏꤛꤢꤜꤟꤤꤙꤢ /ʃje˨li ˨ bɔ˦/; der. ꤏꤛꤢ

lightning bolt strike n ꤏꤛꤢꤊꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ʃje˨ka˨tʰja˨/; der. ꤏꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ

like prep ꤞꤛꤢꤔꤢ /ʂja˦na˦/; der. ꤞꤛꤢ v

ꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢꤞꤢꤜꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦zɯ˦ʂɛ˦lɔ˧ /like that phr ꤖꤢꤔꤛꤣ /pʰu˦nɯᵊ˨/ conj

ꤞꤛꤢꤖꤢꤔꤛꤣ /ʂja˦pʰu˦nɯᵊ˨/like this phr ꤖꤢꤛꤢ /pʰu˦je˧/lime n ꤞꤢꤘꤢꤞꤢ /ʂɔ˨dɛ˨ʂɛ˨/limit v ꤙꤢꤕꤜꤤ /be˨pli˦/; der. ꤒꤥꤕꤜꤤ

line n ꤜꤤꤊꤜꤥ /li˨klo˧/; written line

line up phr ꤊꤢꤓꤢ ꤘꤢꤚꤟꤢ /ka˨tʰɔ˨ da˦ra˦ /linen adj ꤙꤢꤕꤜꤤ /ba˦pli˧/; der. ꤤꤊꤟꤢꤙꤢꤕꤜꤤ

lion n ꤢꤛꤢꤞꤤ /ja˧ʂi˧/lips n ꤋꤢꤢꤋꤢꤖꤢ /kʰa˧u˨kʰa˧pʰɛ˨/; der. ꤋꤢꤢꤖꤢ

liquor n ꤓꤛꤢꤏꤤꤕꤚꤟꤢ /tʰje˧ʃi˦pre˦ /list n ꤜꤤꤚꤢꤗꤢꤚꤢꤘꤛꤢ /li˨ra˧ma˦ra˧dja˧/; written

record

listen v ꤔꤟꤤꤘꤢ /ni ˦ da˧/; der. ꤔꤟꤤꤘꤢꤊꤢꤢ

liter n ꤜꤤꤒꤢ /li˨ta˨/; borrowed from English

literate v ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤜꤤ /ʤja˦ li˨/; learned-book

literature n ꤜꤤꤜꤢ /li˨lɛ˨/little adj ꤕꤢꤒꤤ /pa˨ti˦/; not much; der. ꤥꤕꤢꤒꤤ

live v ꤓꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ /tʰwo˧prɛ˨ /; der. ꤥꤓꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ; ꤥ; ꤞꤢꤓꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ v ꤜꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣꤜꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /la˨lɯᵊ˦la˨klja˨/; inhabits; lives; der. ꤥ ꤜꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣꤜꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ

live life in a good manner phr ꤥꤓꤝꤟꤥꤥꤚꤛꤢ /o˨tʰwo˦o˨rja˦/

live with phr ꤥꤜꤢꤊꤟꤌꤣ /o˨la˧kɯᵊ˧/livelihood n ꤟꤢꤊꤢꤏꤢ /hɔ˦ku˧sʰɛ˨/; food for the

belly

liver n ꤞꤣ /ʂə˧/living harmoniously phr ꤥꤊꤚꤟꤢꤥꤊꤜꤢ

/o˨krɯ˧o˨klɛ˧/

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lizard n ꤋꤝꤤ /kʰwi˨/; small lizard; der. ꤒꤢꤋꤝꤥ;

ꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢꤊꤝꤥ

lizard (Tuk-kae) n ꤒꤢꤊꤢ /tɔ˦kɛ˨/loan v ꤖꤛꤢꤙꤢꤚꤢ /pʰje˨bɔ˨rɯ˧/; to loan money

lobster n ꤏꤝꤥꤊꤟꤥ /ʃwo˨ko˦/; crawfish; crayfish

locate v ꤐꤟꤢꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ /zṳ˧kʰa˧le˦ /location n ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢꤋꤢꤙꤛꤢ /kʰa˧le˦ kʰa˧bja˨/lock v ꤊꤟꤢꤗꤢꤙꤤꤊꤛꤢ /ka˦ ma˨bi˦kja˧/; to secure

n ꤞꤢ /ʂɔ˦/; der. ꤞꤢꤙꤤ v ꤋꤢꤗꤢ /kʰa˦ma˨/locust n ꤒꤢꤊꤤ /ta˨ki˧/log n ꤞꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢ /ʂɔ˨klɔ˦ /; short log

long adj ꤊꤢꤚꤟꤥꤓꤢ /ka˨ro˦tʰu˧/; long-tall robe; der. ꤡꤝꤟꤥ adj ꤓꤢ /tʰu˧/; long

long ago phr ꤘꤣꤔꤢꤘꤣꤞꤢ /də˦nu˨də˦ʂa˨/; der. ꤔꤢꤋꤢ phr ꤘꤣꤑꤢꤔꤢ /də˦ɲe˦nu˨/; long time ago

long time phr ꤑꤟꤢꤜꤢ /ɲe˧ la˧/; der. ꤑꤢꤜꤢ phr ꤔꤢꤑꤟꤢꤜꤢꤑꤟꤢ /na˨ɲe˧ lɛ˧ɲe˧ /; year-month-long

longest adj ꤑꤟꤢꤒꤢꤘꤢ /ɲe˧ ta˨dɯ˨/longyi n ꤟꤛꤢꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ /hje˨ta˨va˨ /; wrap around

sarong

look v ꤗꤛꤢ /mja˦/; der. ꤘꤣꤗꤛꤢ v ꤗꤛꤢꤗꤢꤜꤢ /mja˦mɔ˧le˦/; Look!

look around phr ꤗꤛꤢꤒꤢꤚꤤꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ /mja˦ta˨ri˦ta˨va˨ / v ꤗꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤟꤛꤢ /mja˦ka˨ mja˦hja˧/; to look back and forth v

ꤗꤛꤢꤡꤥꤗꤛꤢꤊꤤ /mja˦ʤo˧mja˦ki˧/look back phr ꤗꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ /mja˦ka˨ kʰje˧/look carefully phr ꤗꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /mja˦ta˧ te˨ /;

der. ꤗꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ

look down on phr ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤕꤢꤒꤤ /ta˨ne˨ pa˨ti˦/; think small of v ꤗꤛꤢꤕꤢꤒꤤ /mja˦pa˨ti˦/

open your eyes phr ꤗꤛꤢꤊꤢꤜꤢꤓꤢ /mja˦ka˨lɔ˧tʰe˦/ v ꤕꤢꤢ /pa˨a˦/; for checking your eyes

look into phr ꤗꤛꤢꤡꤥꤔꤟꤌꤣ /mja˦ʤo˧nɯᵊ˧/; to peer or look into a place

look up phr ꤗꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ /mja˦tʰja˨/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢꤗꤛꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢ

look for phr ꤕꤟꤢ /pṳ˧/; to search for

look with disdain phr ꤗꤛꤢꤊꤜꤢꤗꤛꤢꤜꤢ /mja˦klu˨mja˦lɛ˧/; avoid looking at; look away

look back and forth phr ꤗꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤟꤛꤢ /mja˦ka˨ mja˦hja˧/

look after phr ꤗꤛꤢꤋꤝꤢ /mja˦kʰwɛ˨/; take care of

loom n ꤓꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢꤓꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ /tʰɛ˦krɯ˨tʰɛ˦krɔ˧ /loose adj ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /ta˨klja˧/lord n ꤙꤛꤢꤡꤢ /bja˨ʤɛ˨/lose v ꤜꤢꤡꤟꤢꤜꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /la˨ʤṳ˦la˨prɔ˨ /; der.

ꤜꤢꤡꤟꤢ

lose heart phr ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤕꤛꤢꤊꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨pje˦kja˧/lose reputation phr ꤗꤝꤟꤤꤕꤟꤤ ꤓꤛꤢꤞꤤ /mwi ˨ pi ˧

tʰje˧ʂi˦/lose temper phr ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨tʰja˨/;

become angry

lose your way phr ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ ꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨ ta˨pa˨ /

loss n ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤢꤡꤟꤢꤜꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ la˨ʤṳ˦la˨prɔ˨ /lost adj ꤏꤤꤗꤟꤢ /ʃi˧me˦ /; disappeared; lost adj

ꤜꤢꤗꤟꤢ /la˨me˦ /; disappear v ꤜꤢꤡꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ /la˨ʤṳ˦kja˧/; opposite of win; der. ꤕꤢꤒꤥ

lots adj ꤢꤜꤢ /ɛ˦la˧/loud adj ꤒꤢꤠꤢꤒꤢꤞꤢ /ta˨vɔ˦ta˨ʂɯ˧/; roaring; der.

ꤕꤚꤟꤢ ꤒꤢꤠꤢꤒꤢꤞꤢ adj ꤢꤊꤢꤢ /a˨ka˨ɔ˧/; noisy adj ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤏꤛꤥ /pra˨ ʃwo˨/; loud voice or sound

loudly n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤏꤛꤥ /pra˨ ʃjo˨/; strong voice adj ꤒꤢꤝꤢꤒꤢꤞꤢ /ta˨wɔ˦ta˨ʂɯ˧/

love n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤥ /tɛ˨ mo˨/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤥꤒꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢ

v ꤗꤟꤥꤔꤟꤤ /mo˨ni ˦ /; der. ꤗꤟꤥ v

ꤗꤟꤥꤋꤢꤗꤟꤥꤋꤥ /mo˨ kʰa˦mo˨kʰo˨/; to love

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without sincerity

lovely adj ꤒꤝꤟꤥꤚꤛꤢ /two˦rja˦/ adj ꤞꤢꤒꤢꤡꤢ /ʂɛ˦ta˨ʤa˦/; cute baby; der. ꤒꤝꤟꤥ ꤞꤢꤒꤢꤡꤢ

ꤋꤥꤘꤢ

low adj ꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ /ta˨rɯ˦/lower v ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ʤja˨ ta˧ /; to lower-down v

ꤙꤢꤒꤟꤢꤛꤝꤥ /be˨ta˧ jwo˨/; lower the price; reduce

loyal v ꤋꤛꤢꤡꤢ /kʰja˦dʒɔ˦/luck n ꤙꤝꤤ /bwi˦/; profitable; gratitude; der.

ꤙꤝꤤꤘꤢꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢꤓꤢ

lucky adj ꤙꤝꤤꤚꤛꤢ /bwi˦rja˦/luggage n ꤒꤣ /tə˦/; box n ꤕꤟꤛꤢ /pje˧ /; bag

lunch n ꤗꤟꤢꤓꤛꤣꤏꤢꤢ /mɔ˦ tʰɯᵊ˨sʰɛ˨e˨/lung n ꤞꤢ /ʂu˨/lust v ꤕꤢꤒꤢꤕꤢꤒꤣ /pa˨ta˦pa˨tə˧/ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤢꤒꤢꤕꤢꤒꤣ /tɛ˨ pa˨ta˦pa˨tə˧/lymph nodes n ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤜꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /kja˧ le˦ ta˧ /; on

your neck n ꤋꤛꤢꤜꤟꤤꤙꤢ /kʰja˨˨ ˨li ˨ ˨˨bɔ˨/lynx n ꤓꤛꤥꤔꤢ /tʰwo˦ne˦/

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M m

machete n ꤟꤤꤘꤢ /hi˦dɯ˨/machine n ꤡꤢ /dʒɛ˦/mad v ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤘꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨du˨/; angry adj

ꤒꤢꤗꤝꤤꤞꤢꤚꤟꤢ /ta˨mwi˧ʂɛ˧rɛ˨ /; crazy

maggot n ꤜꤢ /lɔ˨/magic v ꤢꤢꤐꤟꤥ /e˨u˧zo˨/; to eat someone's

image/spirit

magnet n ꤒꤟꤢꤓꤢꤔꤢ /tɔ˦ tʰɛ˦ne˦/mail n ꤜꤤ /li˨/ v ꤜꤤꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢ /li˨le˦ ʂu˧/; sending

of mail

mailbox n ꤜꤤꤞꤢꤜꤤꤟꤛꤢ ꤒꤣ /li˨ʂu˧li˨hja˧ tə˦/; box for the sending and receiving of mail

maize n ꤋꤢꤋꤢ /kʰu˨kʰe˦/; der. ꤋꤢꤋꤢꤞꤢ;

ꤋꤢꤙꤟꤌꤣꤤ

majority n ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /ka˨ja˧ ɛ˦prɛ˨ /; many people

make v ꤗꤟꤢ /me˨ /; do

make a mistake phr ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤢ /me˨ ʂɯ˦/make a profit phr ꤗꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤓꤢ /me˨ mje˦tʰe˨/;

receive a gain on money invested

make excuses phr ꤊꤢꤓꤥꤊꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /kɛ˨tʰo˧kɛ˨lja˨ /

make friends phr ꤙꤢꤞꤛꤥꤋꤢꤋꤥ /bɔ˦ʂwo˦kʰɛ˦kʰo˧/

make love phr ꤠꤛꤢ /vja˨/make music phr ꤘꤢꤓꤢꤘꤢꤗꤟꤥ /dɔ˨tʰɔ˧dɔ˨mo˨/;

bang drums and gongs

make new phr ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤢ /me˨ ʂɛ˧/make peace phr ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤘꤝꤥ

/me˨ pe˧ me˨ dwo˧/ v ꤗꤟꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢ /me˨ krɯ˧me˨ klɛ˧/

make pretty phr ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤝꤟꤥ /me˨ two˦/malaria n ꤏꤝꤤꤒꤢꤔꤟꤛꤢ /sʰwi˦ta˨nja˧ /Malaysia n ꤗꤢꤜꤟꤢꤏꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢ /ma˨le˧ ʃja˧ ke˦ /

male n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤢ /prɛ˨ kʰu˧/man n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤢ /prɛ˨ kʰu˧/; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤢꤘꤢ;

ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤖꤢ

manage v ꤕꤣ ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢ /pə˦ tɛ˨ me˨ /; manage or govern the work

manager n ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢꤘꤢ /kʰu˨klɔ˦du˨/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤔꤤꤡꤛꤢ

mane n ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤙꤥꤏꤢ /kja˧ bo˧sʰɯ˨/; lion's mane

mango n ꤒꤢꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢ /ta˨kʰja˦ʂɛ˨/mango tree n ꤒꤢꤋꤛꤢꤗꤟꤢ /ta˨kʰja˦mɔ˦ /manner n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤊꤜꤥ /klja˦klo˧/manuscript n ꤜꤤꤖꤢ /li˨pʰa˦/many adj ꤢ /ɛ˦/; der. ꤢꤜꤢ; ꤥꤢ; ꤥꤢꤜꤢ;

ꤥꤚꤟꤥꤥꤢ; ꤥꤚꤟꤥ; ꤢꤢ; ꤢꤊꤟꤌꤣꤜꤟꤢ; ꤢꤊꤟꤌꤣꤜꤢ n ꤚꤟꤥ /ro˦/; together

many groups phr ꤢꤕꤜꤢ /ɛ˦plɔ˦/many more phr ꤥꤚꤟꤥꤥꤢꤓꤛꤢ /o˨ro˦o˨ɛ˦tʰja˨/many people phr ꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /ɛ˦prɛ˨ /many places phr ꤢꤖꤥ /ɛ˦pʰo˨/many things phr ꤢꤡꤣ /ɛ˦ʤə˨/many times phr ꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣ /ɛ˦pʰɯᵊ/many together phr ꤊꤟꤌꤣꤜꤢ /kɯᵊ˧la˧/many tribes phr ꤢꤗꤛꤢꤢꤡꤣ /ɛ˦mje˧ɛ˦ʤə˨/

map n ꤟꤢꤋꤢꤐꤟꤥ /he˨kʰu˨zo˨/march v ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤚꤟꤢ /klje˧ra˦ /; march in formation

March n ꤗꤢ ꤜꤢ /ma˦ lɛ˧/mark n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤢꤘꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ma˦dja˧/; a visible mark

mark off phr ꤒꤢꤗꤢ /te˧ma˦/; to mark off boundaries or by measurement

market n ꤊꤜꤢ /klɛ˦/; der. ꤊꤜꤢꤊꤢ; ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤊꤜꤢ

marketplace n ꤊꤜꤢꤘꤢ /klɛ˦da˧/

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marriage n ꤏꤥꤗꤟꤢꤏꤥꤘꤛꤢ /sʰo˧mɛ˧ sʰo˧dja˨/ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤖꤛꤢꤖꤢꤖꤛꤢꤗꤢ /tɛ˨ pʰje˦pʰu˦pʰje˦me˧/; for the man who marries n ꤒꤟꤢꤖꤛꤢꤖꤢꤖꤛꤢꤠꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ pʰje˦pʰu˦pʰje˦vɛ˨ /; for the woman who marries n ꤒꤟꤢꤖꤛꤢꤗꤢꤖꤛꤢꤠꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ pʰje˦me˧pʰje˦vɛ˨ /; general marriage term n ꤕꤝꤢꤋꤥꤗꤟꤢ /pwɛ˨kʰo˧mɛ˧ /; marriage celebration

married adj ꤟꤤꤔꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /hi˨na˦prɛ˦ /; der. ꤥ ꤔꤢ

ꤟꤤꤔꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ

marrow n ꤊꤚꤝꤤꤊꤟꤤ /krwi˦ki ˦ /; in the bone; der. ꤊꤚꤝꤤꤌꤤ

marry v ꤋꤥꤗꤟꤢ /kʰo˧mɛ˧ /; der. ꤊꤟꤢꤏꤥꤗꤟꤢꤏꤥꤘꤛꤢ v ꤖꤛꤢꤗꤢꤖꤛꤢꤠꤟꤢ /pʰje˦me˧pʰje˦vɛ˨ /; der. ꤖꤛꤢꤖꤢꤖꤛꤢꤗꤢ; ꤖꤛꤢ

ꤖꤢꤗꤢꤖꤢꤠꤟꤢ; ꤖꤛꤢꤖꤢꤖꤛꤢꤠꤟꤢ

massage v ꤡꤤ /dʒi˨/; stretch v ꤡꤢ /dʒɯ˨/; der. ꤡꤢ

ꤕꤟꤢ ꤜꤢ

master n ꤙꤛꤢꤡꤢ /bja˨ʤɛ˨/; lord; owner

mat n ꤊꤜꤥ /klo˨/; der. ꤊꤜꤥꤜꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢ; ꤊꤜꤥꤘꤢ n ꤤꤡꤟꤢ /i˨ʤɔ˧ / n ꤜꤟꤢꤘꤢ /le˦ dɛ˧/

match n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤤꤡꤢ ꤕꤝꤢ /tɛ˨ di˧dʒɛ˧ pwɛ˧/; competition celebration v ꤗꤤꤖꤥ /mi˨pʰo˧/; to light a fire

material n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣꤒꤤꤒꤟꤢ /ta˧ mɯᵊ˦ti˧tɛ˨ /mattress n ꤖꤢꤚꤟꤢ /pʰu˨rɛ˦ / n ꤜꤟꤢꤒꤟꤥ /le˦ to˦/mature adj ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢꤟꤢ /prɛ˦ tʰja˨hɔ˦/May n ꤗꤟꤢ ꤜꤢ /me˨ lɛ˧/maybe adv ꤊꤥꤜꤢ /ko˦le˧/; der. ꤊꤟꤌꤣꤊꤥ; ꤗꤢꤔꤢ

me pron ꤠꤢ /va˧/; also "I"

meal n ꤜꤟꤢꤢ /le˦ e˨/meaning n ꤢꤍꤟꤥꤜꤢꤏꤢ /a˨ŋo˦la˨sʰa˦/measles n ꤓꤢꤒꤢꤤ /tʰe˨ta˨i˦/measure v ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤒꤢꤗꤛꤢ /ta˨ne˨ te˧mja˦/; der.

ꤒꤢꤗꤛꤢ; ꤒꤢ

measurement n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤗꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ te˧mja˦/ n

ꤒꤣꤕꤜꤟꤢ /tə˨plɛ˦ /; from the elbow to the top of

fingers n ꤒꤣꤊꤜꤤ /tə˨kli˧/; from one hand to the other n ꤒꤣꤊꤢ /tə˨kɯ˧/; measurement of a fist

meat n ꤒꤟꤢꤐꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ zje˨/; der. ꤐꤛꤢ

meddle v ꤏꤤꤠꤟꤛꤢꤘꤤꤘꤛꤢ /ʃi˦vja˦ di˦dja˧/mediate v ꤟꤢꤙꤢꤜꤤ /he˦bɛ˨li˧/medicine n ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ kʰu˨tɛ˨ tje˦ /;

der. ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢꤓꤛꤢ

medium n ꤒꤢꤜꤥ /ta˨lo˦/; medium sized

meet v ꤥꤊꤢ /o˨ku˦/; to have a meeting; der. ꤥꤊꤢꤥꤊꤛꤢ v ꤗꤛꤢꤏꤢ /mja˦sʰɯ˨˨ ˨/; meet someone; der. ꤗꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤏꤢ adv -ꤏꤢ /-sʰɯ˨/; focal point of meeting

meet together phr ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢꤒꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢ /ta˧ sʰɯ˨ta˧ plɔ˦/

meeting v ꤥꤊꤢꤥꤊꤛꤢ /o˨ku˦o˨kja˦/ n ꤒꤟꤢꤥꤊꤢ /tɛ˨ o˨ku˦/

melt v ꤡꤟꤢ /ʤṳ˨/; der. ꤘꤥꤡꤟꤢ

memorize v ꤒꤟꤥꤔꤟꤤ /to˧ni ˦ /mend v ꤤꤏꤢꤖꤢ /i˨sʰɛ˦pʰɛ˨/; mend a tear; der.

ꤤꤏꤢꤚꤟꤤ v ꤗꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢ /me˨ rja˦/; fixmeningitis n ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢꤔꤟꤢꤌꤤꤛꤛꤢ

/kʰu˨klɔ˦sɔ˧ ki˦zja˦/; swelling in the brain; der. ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢꤔꤟꤢꤙꤢꤛꤛꤢ

menstrual pain n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢꤞꤝꤤꤒꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ sʰɛ˧ʂwi˨ta˧ /; lit. pain-blood-down

menstruate v ꤞꤝꤤꤒꤟꤢ /ʂwi˨ta˧ /; der. ꤞꤝꤤꤟꤛꤢꤜꤢ; ꤜꤢꤟꤛꤢ v ꤥꤘꤢꤒꤥ /o˨da˧to˨/

merchandise n ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢ /tɛ˨ kɯ˦tɛ˨ kʰa˦/; things for buying and selling

merchant n ꤊꤜꤢꤙꤛꤢꤡꤢ /klɛ˦bja˨ʤɛ˨/; market/store-owner n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤋꤢ /prɛ˨ me˨ kɯ˦me˨ kʰa˦/; person who does business

mercy v ꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢꤙꤢ /ʂɛ˦zɔ˨ kla˨ bɛ˨/; der. ꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢꤔꤟꤤ n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢꤔꤟꤤ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦zɔ˨ ni ˦ /

mess n ꤒꤢꤞꤢꤙꤢꤙꤤ /ta˨ʂɔ˦bɔ˦bi˧/; messy; cluttered; der. ꤒꤢꤖꤤꤒꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣ

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message n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤣꤑꤢ /tɛ˨ də˨ɲa˧/; something spoken

metal n ꤒꤟꤢꤓꤢ /tɔ˦ tʰɛ˦/method n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤊꤜꤥ /klja˦klo˧/Mexico n ꤗꤢꤊꤎꤤꤊꤥ /mɛ˦ksi˨ko˨/midday n ꤗꤟꤢꤓꤛꤣ /mɔ˦ tʰɯᵊ˨/middle n ꤊꤜꤢꤗꤢ /kla˧me˧/; der.

ꤊꤜꤢꤗꤢꤊꤜꤢꤗꤢ; ꤊꤜꤢꤗꤢꤊꤢ

midnight n ꤗꤟꤢꤔꤟꤢꤋꤢ /mɔ˦ ne˨ kʰɛ˧/midway adv ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢꤗꤢ /ta˧ kla˧me˧/mildew spots n ꤟꤛꤢꤡꤟꤢꤢ /hje˨dʒa˨ ɔ˦/; on

clothes

mildly adv ꤡꤟꤢꤔꤟꤛꤢ /dʒɛ˦ɲja˨ /mile n ꤗꤤꤜꤢ /mi˦le˨/; distance

milk n ꤤꤔꤟꤌꤣꤓꤛꤢ /i˨nɯᵊtʰje˧/; der. ꤕꤟꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤓꤛꤢ

milk powder n ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤓꤛꤢꤊꤚꤢꤗꤢ /nɯᵊtʰje˧kra˧mɯ˨/

millstone n ꤊꤢꤏꤢꤤꤠꤟꤤ /ka˨sʰɯ˨i˨vi ˧ /; millstone made out of wood

mind n ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨ta˨ne˨ /mine adv ꤏꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ʃje˧tɔ˦ /; belonging to me; i.e.

he is my own child pron ꤠꤢꤒꤢ /va˧tɛ˧/minimum n ꤥꤕꤢꤒꤤꤜꤣ /o˨pa˨ti˦lə˦/ n

ꤕꤢꤒꤤꤒꤢꤘꤢ /pa˨ti˦ta˨dɯ˨/; at least

minority n ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤕꤢꤒꤤꤕꤚꤟꤢ /ka˨ja˧ pa˨ti˦prɛ˨ /; not many people; der. ꤒꤢꤟꤢꤟꤢ

mint n ꤜꤢꤠꤟꤛꤢꤜꤢ /lɔ˦vja˨ lɛ˨/; herb

minus v ꤛꤥꤊꤛꤢ ꤕꤢꤒꤤ /jo˦kja˧ pa˨ti˦/; subtract; der. ꤚꤝꤤꤊꤛꤢ

minute n ꤕꤚꤛꤢ /prje˦/; der. ꤗꤤꤔꤤ

miracle n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤊꤜꤤꤋꤥꤋꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ta˨kli˦kʰo˦kʰje˨/; amazing-wonderful thing; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤊꤜꤤ; ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤊꤜꤤꤊꤜꤢꤑꤢ

miraculous adj ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤤꤋꤥꤋꤛꤢ /ta˨kli˦kʰo˦kʰje˨/

mirror n ꤗꤟꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣ /ma˧ dɯᵊ˨/miscarried v ꤖꤢꤕꤛꤢ /pʰu˦pje˦/; child is

destroyed; der. ꤖꤢꤜꤢꤜꤝꤟꤥ

mischievous adj ꤏꤢꤏꤢ /sʰu˦sʰa˦/misguide v ꤐꤟꤢꤞꤢ /zṳ˧ʂɯ˦/misperception n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤞꤢ /tɛ˨ ta˨ne˨ ʂɯ˦/miss v ꤔꤟꤢꤞꤛꤣ /ne˨ ʂɯᵊ˨/; the feeling of missing

or longing for someone; der. ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤟꤢꤔꤢꤙꤢ; ꤞꤢꤞꤛꤣ v ꤒꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ta˨lje˨ /; fail to see

missing adj ꤜꤢꤗꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ /la˨me˦ kja˧/; der. ꤏꤤꤗꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ

mist n ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤟꤌꤣꤓꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ kʰɯᵊ˨tʰja˨/; der. ꤓꤛꤢꤒꤢꤏꤤ

mistake n ꤞꤢ /ʂɯ˦/; der. ꤢꤞꤢ

mistaken adj ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤞꤢ /ta˨ne˨ ʂɯ˦/; lit. think-wrong; der. ꤐꤟꤢꤢꤞꤢ

mistreat v ꤗꤟꤢꤔꤢꤗꤟꤢꤡꤢ /me˨ nɯ˧me˨ ʤa˦/misunderstand v ꤞꤢꤑꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢ ꤋꤥꤘꤢ /ʂɛ˦ɲe˧

ta˧ plu˦ kʰo˦dɯ˨/; not understand clearly

misunderstanding n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤞꤢ /tɛ˨ ta˨ne˨ sɯ˦/; incorrect thinking

mite n ꤕꤢꤊꤟꤛꤢꤖꤢ /pu˧kja˦ pʰu˦/mix v ꤊꤜꤌꤣ /klə˧/; der. ꤊꤜꤌꤣꤏꤤꤜꤟꤛꤢ v

ꤡꤤꤗꤢꤜꤝꤤꤒꤟꤣ /ʤi˨mɯ˨lwi˦tə˦ /; to mix into (i.e. dough)

mixed adj ꤏꤤꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ʃi˧lja˦ /; der. ꤏꤤꤜꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤣ;

ꤥꤏꤤꤜꤟꤛꤢ

mobile phone n ꤗꤢꤙꤟꤢ ꤠꤖꤥ /mɔ˨bɛ˧ fo˧/; borrowed word from English

mock v ꤗꤟꤢꤐꤢꤗꤟꤢꤜꤢ ꤑꤟꤢꤊꤚꤟꤌꤣ /me˨ zɔ˦me˨ le˧ ɲe˧ krɯᵊ˧/; to laugh at; der. ꤑꤟꤢꤊꤚꤟꤌꤣ; ꤟꤢꤐꤢꤟꤢꤜꤢ v ꤟꤢꤙꤢ ꤜꤢꤠꤤꤜꤢꤠꤢ ꤊꤢꤔꤤꤊꤢꤔꤟꤥ /he˦bɛ˨ la˨vi˨la˨vɔ˧ ka˨ni˧ka˨no˦/

moist adj ꤡꤢꤤ /ʤa˨i˧/; der. ꤡꤥꤡꤢꤤ

molars n ꤋꤢꤋꤛꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣꤘꤢ /kʰu˨kʰje˧mɯᵊ˦du˨/; teeth

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mold v ꤙꤛꤢꤕꤢ /bja˦pɔ˨/; to shape clay; der. ꤙꤛꤢ

mole n ꤐꤟꤌꤣꤠꤤ /zɯᵊvi˨/ n ꤗꤢ /ma˦/; on the skin

moment n ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤌꤣꤖꤢ /ta˨plɯᵊ˨pʰu˦/; just a moment; briefly

momentarily adv ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤌꤣꤒꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢ /ta˨plɯᵊ˨ta˨plja˦/

Monday n ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤣꤑꤢ /mɔ˦ tə˨ɲe˧/money n ꤚꤢ /rɯ˧/; der. ꤚꤢꤐꤛꤢ n ꤓꤢꤙꤢ

/tʰɛ˧ba˨/; gold currency

money bag n ꤚꤢꤕꤟꤛꤢ /rɯ˧pje˧ /monk n ꤡꤟꤢꤙꤝꤤ /dʒɔ˦bwi˦/; specific to Buddhist

monkey n ꤐꤟꤢ /zɔ˧ /; der. ꤒꤢꤏꤢ

month n ꤜꤢ /lɛ˧/moon n ꤜꤢ /lɛ˧/moonlight n ꤜꤢꤜꤤ /lɛ˧li˧/; der. ꤜꤢꤜꤤꤒꤢꤋꤢ

more adv -ꤜꤣ /-lə˦/; der. ꤜꤣꤊꤜꤢ adv ꤥꤢꤓꤛꤢ;

ꤥꤢꤓꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ /o˨ɛ˦tʰja˨; o˨ɛ˦tʰja˨tʰja˨/ adj ꤕꤟꤥ

/po˦/ adv -ꤊꤜꤢ /-klɔ˧/; der. ꤊꤜꤢꤜꤣ v

ꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤥ /hja˧to˦/even more than before adj -ꤊꤜꤢꤒꤢꤕꤜꤢ

/-klɔ˧ta˨ple˦/more again phr ꤕꤟꤥꤋꤛꤢꤞꤛꤢ /po˦kʰje˧ʂja˦/;

der. ꤕꤟꤥꤋꤛꤢ adv ꤢꤓꤛꤢꤕꤟꤥ /ɛ˦tʰja˨po˦/ adv -ꤊꤜꤢꤕꤟꤥ /-klɔ˧po˦/

more and more phr ꤥꤚꤟꤥꤓꤛꤢ /o˨ro˦tʰja˨/; der. ꤥꤚꤟꤥꤓꤛꤢꤢ; ꤢꤓꤛꤢꤢꤓꤛꤢ

more than phr ꤢꤜꤣ /ɛ˦lə˦/; der. ꤢꤊꤜꤢ;

ꤢꤜꤣꤊꤜꤢ; ꤢꤓꤛꤢꤜꤣꤊꤜꤢ

more than that phr ꤊꤢꤒꤥ /ka˦to˨/; i.e. not only that, but also; der. ꤓꤛꤣꤒꤥ

more with/also phr ꤕꤟꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣ /po˦kɯᵊ˧/even more adv ꤜꤢ /le˦/; the more...the more

morning n ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤤ /mɔ˦ li˧/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤤꤋꤢ;

ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤤꤙꤢ n ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢꤏꤢ /mɔ˦ plja˧ sʰɛ˧/; 9-11 AM

mortal adj ꤞꤛꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢ /ʂje˧ʤja˦ /; can die

mortar n ꤊꤢꤏꤢ /ka˨sʰɯ˨/ n ꤏꤤꤑꤟꤢꤘꤢ /ʃi˦ɲa˨ du˨/

mosquito n ꤖꤟꤌꤣꤏꤤ /pʰɯə˧ʃi˦/; der. ꤖꤢꤏꤤ;

ꤖꤟꤌꤣꤏꤤꤜꤟꤢꤘꤢ

mosquito net n ꤤꤊꤟꤢꤓꤢ /i˨kɛ˧ tʰɔ˧/; der. ꤎꤢꤟꤢꤓꤢ

moss n ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ta˨plja˨ /; sponge

most adv ꤢꤓꤛꤢꤜꤣ /ɛ˦tʰja˨lə˦/; der. ꤢꤊꤜꤢꤜꤣ

moth n ꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢꤢꤓꤝꤥ /a˨krɛ˦ a˨tʰwo˨/; der. ꤊꤢꤚꤟꤢ ꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ

mother n ꤗꤟꤌꤣ /mɯᵊ/mother tongue n ꤗꤟꤌꤣꤖꤢꤍꤟꤥ /mɯᵊpʰɛ˧ŋo˦/;

mother-father language; der. ꤗꤟꤌꤣꤜꤟꤢꤖꤢꤍꤟꤥ

mother-in-law n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤢ /prɛ˦ prɛ˨ mɔ˨/motion v ꤠꤟꤢꤠꤟꤛꤢꤡꤛꤣ /vɯ˦vja˦ ʤɯᵊ/; to wave

with the hands n ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤚꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ku˦ka˨ ru˦rja˧ /

motivated adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤏꤛꤥ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨sjo˨/motor n ꤗꤢꤒꤢ /mɔ˨ta˨/; borrowed word

motorboat n ꤞꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤡꤢ /ʂɔ˨klje˧dʒɛ˦/motorcycle n ꤗꤢꤒꤢꤏꤢꤊꤢ /mɔ˨tɔ˨sʰɛ˨kɛ˨/;

borrowed word

mountain n ꤏꤥ /sʰo˨/; der. ꤏꤥꤘꤢꤏꤥꤓꤢ

mountain people n ꤏꤥꤋꤢꤖꤢ /sʰo˨kʰu˨pʰu˦/mountain top n ꤏꤥꤋꤢ /sʰo˨kʰu˨/mountainside n ꤏꤥꤚꤟꤢꤜꤟꤥ /sʰo˨rɔ˧ lo˨/on the mountain n ꤏꤥꤜꤟꤥ /sʰo˨lo˨/small mountain n ꤏꤥꤖꤢ /sʰo˨pʰu˦/base n ꤏꤥꤜꤟꤢ /sʰo˨lɛ˧ /; base of a mountain

mourn v ꤤꤟꤢ /i˨hɛ˨/; to mourn through singing; der. ꤍꤟꤌꤣꤟꤢ

mourning n ꤒꤟꤢꤍꤟꤌꤣꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ŋɯᵊtɛ˨ hɛ˨/mouse n ꤐꤟꤌꤣꤘꤢ /zɯᵊdɔ˧/mouth n ꤋꤢꤢ /kʰa˧u˨/; der. ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤊꤢ

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move v ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤚꤟꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢ /kṳ˦ka˦ rṳ˦rja˨ /; jump around v ꤞꤢꤞꤢ /ʂɔ˦ʂɯ˦/; to move by pushing? v ꤊꤢꤐꤟꤌꤣ /ka˨zɯᵊ˧/; shake back and forth?

move forward phr ꤟꤛꤢꤑꤢ /hja˧ɲe˧/; continue; come forward

movement n ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤚꤟꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ kṳ˦ka˦ rṳ˦rja˨ /

movie n ꤐꤟꤢꤐꤟꤥ ꤓꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ /za˦ zo˧ tʰwo˧prɛ˨ /; a picture that is "alive"; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤐꤟꤥꤓꤝꤟꤥꤞꤢ

MSG n ꤤꤞꤝꤤꤞꤥꤚꤥꤗꤢ /i˨ʂwi˦ʂo˧ro˧mɯ˨/; ajinomoto; mono sodium glutamate seasoning

much adj ꤢꤑꤢꤡꤢ /ɛ˦ɲa˨dʒɔ˦/mucus n ꤋꤢꤤ /kʰa˧i˨/; snot; from the nose

mud n ꤕꤢꤢ /pa˨a˦/; mud; also clay; der. ꤕꤢꤢꤕꤢꤥ

mud clod n ꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢꤋꤛꤢ /he˨klɔ˦kʰja˦/muddy adj ꤕꤢꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣ /pa˨adɯᵊ˧/; thick mud

multiply v ꤕꤚꤢꤕꤜꤢ /prɔ˦plɔ˦/mumps n ꤋꤢꤛꤛꤢ /kʰɛ˨zja˦/; swollen chin

murder v ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢ /me˨ ʂje˧/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢꤗꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ me˨ ʂje˧/

muscle n ꤒꤢꤊꤟꤛꤢꤕꤜꤢ /ta˨kja˧ plɔ˨/; arm muscles n ꤐꤛꤢꤕꤜꤢ /zje˨plɔ˨/; meat muscle

mushroom n ꤊꤚꤟꤢ /krɯ˨/music n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤢꤒꤟꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣ /tɛ˨ dɔ˨tɛ˨ ɯᵊ˦/;

instruments for hitting and blowing

Muslim n ꤗꤢꤎꤢꤜꤤ /mu˨sa˨li˨/must v ꤒꤥꤙꤢ /to˧bɛ˨/; der. ꤙꤢ

mustache n ꤋꤢꤢꤏꤢ /kʰa˧u˨ʃɯ˨/mustard seed n ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤢꤕꤜꤢ /ta˨plɛ˨plɔ˨/mute adj ꤕꤢ /pɛ˦/; unable to speak n ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤕꤢ

/ka˨ja˧ pɛ˦/; person who cannot speak adj ꤟꤢꤙꤢ ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤒꤥ /he˦bɛ˨ dʒja˦ to˨/; unable to speak

mutter v ꤒꤢꤗꤝꤟꤥꤒꤢꤜꤢ /ta˨mwo˧ta˨lɛ˧/; grumble

mutton n ꤞꤤꤗꤟꤤꤐꤛꤢ /ʂi˦mi ˦ zje˨/muzzle v ꤢꤙꤤ ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤊꤢ /u˧bi˦ kja˧ ku˧/my pron ꤠꤢ /va˧/; same pronoun for "me" and "I"

Myanmar n ꤗꤟꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢ /mja˨ ke˦/myself pron ꤠꤢꤑꤢ /va˧ɲe˧/; der. ꤠꤢꤐꤟꤥ n

ꤏꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ʃje˧tɔ˦ /; i.e. I myself will go there

mystery n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤢꤒꤟꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣ /tɛ˨ dɔ˦tɛ˨ ɯᵊ˦/; hidden thing; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣꤕꤜꤤ; ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣꤘꤢꤙꤤ n ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤢꤐꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ʤɔ˦za˧ /; deep things; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤢꤡꤢꤢꤐꤟꤢ

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N n

nail n ꤜꤤꤕꤢꤔꤢ /li˨pa˨na˨/ n ꤊꤢꤔꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣꤙꤢ /ka˨nɔ˧mɯᵊ˦ba˨/; fingernail v ꤓꤢꤓꤛꤢ /tʰɛ˦tʰja˨/; to nail up

nail head n ꤋꤢꤘꤢ /kʰu˨dɛ˨/naked adj ꤥꤋꤢꤊꤜꤟꤥ /o˨kʰa˧klo˨/; der. ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤟꤥ

name n ꤗꤝꤟꤤ /mwi ˨ / v ꤕꤟꤥꤓꤛꤢ /po˦tʰja˨/; to give someone a name or title

good reputation phr ꤗꤝꤟꤤꤒꤝꤟꤥꤗꤝꤟꤤꤚꤛꤢ /mwi ˨ two˦mwi ˨ rja˦/; a good name

nameless adj ꤏꤥꤘꤥꤗꤝꤟꤤ /sʰo˧do˧mwi ˧ /nape n ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤓꤢꤋꤢ /kja˧ tʰɯ˨kʰu˨/; back of neck

narrow adj ꤢꤤ /a˨i˨/ adj ꤒꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢ /ta˨dʒje˧ /; der. ꤒꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤚꤢꤢ

nation n ꤗꤛꤢꤡꤣ /mje˧ʤə˨/; der. ꤓꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢ; ꤊꤟꤢ

n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢ /prɛ˨ lṳ˨mje˧/national n ꤓꤛꤢꤖꤢꤊꤟꤢꤖꤢ /tʰje˧pʰu˦ke˦ pʰu˦/;

country's people; der. ꤗꤛꤢꤡꤣꤖꤢ

nationality n ꤗꤛꤢꤡꤣ /mje˧dʒə˨/navel n ꤘꤤꤙꤥ /di˧bo˧/near adj ꤖꤢ /pʰɯ˨/; der. ꤢꤖꤢ; ꤖꤢꤑꤢ adj ꤒꤢꤒꤟꤢ

/ta˨tɔ˨ /nearby adv ꤋꤢꤏꤢꤋꤢꤏꤛꤢ /kʰa˧sʰɔ˧kʰa˧ʃje˦/;

things or people nearby or around you; der. -ꤏꤛꤢ

nearly adv ꤊꤟꤢꤚꤟꤢ /kɯ˦re˦ /necessary adj ꤜꤥꤙꤢ /lo˨bɛ˨/; needed; der. ꤜꤥ

neck n ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤙꤥ /kja˧ bo˧/necklace n ꤊꤢꤜꤟꤢ /ka˨la˧ /; der. ꤊꤢꤜꤟꤢꤓꤢ

need v ꤜꤥꤙꤢ /lo˨bɛ˨/; der. ꤜꤥ; ꤢꤜꤥꤘꤢ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤥ /tɛ˨ lo˨/need to do phr ꤜꤥꤗꤟꤢ /lo˨me˨ /need to give phr ꤜꤥꤘꤛꤢ /lo˨dje˦/need to pay phr ꤜꤥꤕꤜꤢ /lo˨pla˦/

need to help phr ꤜꤥꤗꤟꤢꤡꤝꤟꤥ /lo˨me˨ ʤwo˦/needle n ꤓꤢ /tʰɛ˦/needy adj ꤏꤥꤚꤟꤛꤢꤏꤥꤖꤢ /sʰo˧rja˨ sʰo˧pʰa˦/; der.

ꤏꤥꤚꤟꤛꤢ n ꤏꤥꤚꤟꤛꤢꤏꤥꤖꤢꤖꤢ /sʰo˧rja˨ sʰo˧pʰa˦pʰu˦/; poor person

negative marker adv ꤒꤥ /to˨/; negative marker that occurs at the end of a sentence (not, no) particle ꤒꤢꤗꤟꤢ /tɛ˧me˦ /; 'don't'

neighbor n ꤟꤤꤥꤖꤢ /hi˨o˨pʰɯ˨/; close by house; der. ꤟꤤ ꤋꤢꤏꤢꤋꤢꤏꤛꤢ

neighborhood n ꤟꤤ ꤋꤢꤏꤢꤋꤢꤏꤛꤢ /hi˨ kʰa˧sʰɔ˧ kʰa˧ʃje˦/

nephew n ꤖꤢꤘꤢ /pʰu˦du˨/; also niece

nerve n ꤚꤝꤟꤤꤓꤝꤥ /rwi ˦ tʰwo˨/nest n ꤕꤝꤟꤤ /pwi ˨ /; der. ꤓꤢꤕꤝꤟꤤ

net n ꤤꤒꤣꤠꤤ /i˨tə˨vi˧/; for fishing n ꤗꤥ /mo˨/; big net for catching fish

never adv ꤔꤢꤒꤥ /nɔ˦to˨/; lit. 'not ever' adv

ꤒꤢꤋꤛꤢꤒꤥ /ta˨kʰja˦to˨/new adj -ꤞꤢ /-ʂɛ˧/; der. ꤢꤞꤢ adj ꤞꤢꤊꤚꤢ

/ʂɛ˧kre˧/; brand new

new year n ꤔꤢꤓꤢꤞꤢ /na˨tʰe˨ʂɛ˧/New Zealand n ꤔꤛꤢꤐꤤꤜꤢ /nju˦zi˨la˨/newborn n ꤖꤢꤥꤞꤢ /pʰu˦o˨ʂɛ˧/news n ꤗꤤꤜꤢ /mi˨la˨/ n ꤢꤚꤤꤢꤊꤛꤢ /a˨ri˨a˨kja˧/;

information; details

newspaper n ꤜꤤꤕꤢꤏꤤ /li˨pa˨ʃi˧/next adv ꤘꤣ ꤑꤢ ꤕꤟꤢ /də˦ ɲe˧ pa˧ /next day phr ꤢꤔꤥꤒꤣꤑꤢ /a˨no˨tə˨ɲe˧/next time phr ꤔꤥꤕꤟꤢꤒꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣ /no˨pa˧ tə˨pʰɯᵊ˦/;

der. ꤘꤣ ꤑꤢ ꤕꤟꤢ ꤒꤣꤟꤢ

next to adj ꤋꤢꤏꤛꤢ /kʰa˧ʃje˦/; beside

next week phr ꤔꤥꤕꤟꤢ ꤒꤣꤊꤜꤢ /no˨pa˧ tə˨klɛ˦/; der. ꤘꤣ ꤑꤢ ꤕꤟꤢ ꤒꤣꤊꤜꤢ

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next year phr ꤔꤢꤔꤟꤥ /na˨no˦/niece n ꤖꤢꤘꤢ /pʰu˦du˨/; also nephew; der. ꤖꤢꤘꤢ

ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤢ

night n ꤗꤟꤢꤋꤤ /mɔ˦ kʰi˦/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤋꤤꤋꤢ n

ꤞꤢ /ʂɛ˧/; one night

nighttime n ꤗꤟꤢꤋꤤꤗꤟꤢꤔꤟꤢ /mɔ˦ kʰi˦mɔ˦ ne˨ /nine number ꤞꤛꤥꤞꤛꤥꤒꤣ /ʂwo˦ʂwo˦tə˨/; der. ꤘꤢ

nineteen number ꤏꤛꤢꤞꤛꤥꤞꤛꤥꤒꤣ /ʃje˦ʂwo˦ʂwo˦tə˨/; der. ꤏꤛꤢꤘꤢ

ninety number ꤘꤢꤏꤛꤢ /da˨ʃje˧/nipple n ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤋꤢꤞꤢ /nɯᵊ˦kʰu˨ʂɛ˨/no unknown ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤥ /ma˦ to˨/; not true unknown

ꤒꤥ /to˨/no more phr ꤕꤟꤢꤒꤥꤟꤢ /pa˧ to˨hɔ˦/; future-neg-

completed

no one pron ꤒꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢꤒꤥ /tə˨prɛ˨ to˨/no problem! phr ꤜꤟꤢꤟꤢꤥꤒꤥ /le˦ he˦o˨to˨/;

there's nothing to be said

nobody pron ꤒꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢꤒꤥ /tə˨prɛ˨ to˨/nod v ꤔꤛꤣꤜꤟꤛꤢ /nɯᵊ˨lja˨ /noise n ꤕꤚꤟꤢ /pra˨ /; voice; sound n

ꤒꤢꤊꤚꤟꤌꤣꤒꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ /ta˨krɯᵊ˧ta˨krɛ˦ /; make noise (party)

noisy adj ꤊꤢꤢꤊꤢꤞꤛꤢ /ka˨ɔ˧ka˨ʂja˨/; der. ꤊꤢꤢꤊꤢꤢꤛꤢ

nominalizer1 unknown ꤒꤟꤢ- /tɛ˨ -/; prefix used to make a verb into a noun

nominalizer2 unknown ꤜꤟꤢ /le˦ /; prefix before a verb or noun to denote a place or thing (i.e. place for sitting= thing + sit)

none pron ꤒꤣꤡꤣꤒꤥ /tə˨dʒə˨to˨/nonsense n ꤙꤢꤙꤛꤢ /bɔ˧bje˨/; without meaning n

ꤢꤍꤟꤥꤜꤢꤏꤢ ꤥꤒꤥ /a˨ŋo˦la˨sʰa˦ o˨to˨/; meaningless

noodles n ꤘꤤꤒꤣ /di˧tə˦/

noon n ꤗꤟꤢꤓꤛꤣ /mɔ˦ tʰɯᵊ˨/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤓꤛꤣꤋꤢ;

ꤗꤟꤢꤖꤢ

normally adv ꤢꤒꤢꤊꤤ /ɛ˦ta˨ki˨/north n ꤡꤤꤓꤛꤢ /ʤi˦tʰja˨/nose n ꤋꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣ /kʰa˧pʰɯᵊ˧/; der. ꤋꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣꤊꤢ

not adv ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤥ /ma˦ to˨/; negative; not true

not only that phr ꤒꤢꤔꤛꤣꤓꤛꤣꤒꤥ /tɯ˦nɯᵊ˨tʰɯᵊ˧to˨/

notebook n ꤜꤟꤢꤚꤢ /le˦ ra˧/; der. ꤢꤗꤢꤒꤢꤜꤤꤢ

nothing pron ꤒꤣꤡꤣꤒꤥ /tə˨dʒə˦to˨/ pron

ꤒꤢꤊꤤꤒꤥ /ta˨ki˨to˨/; without even a little bit

notify v ꤘꤛꤢ ꤞꤢꤑꤢꤕꤜꤤ /dje˦ ʂɛ˦ɲe˧pli˦/; inform; der. ꤘꤛꤢ ꤞꤢꤑꤢ

noun n ꤍꤟꤥꤢꤗꤝꤟꤤ /ŋo˦ɛ˦mwi ˧ /water surface n ꤓꤛꤢꤋꤢ /tʰje˧kʰu˨/

now adv ꤋꤥꤑꤟꤢ /kʰo˧ɲa˦ /; der. ꤋꤥꤑꤟꤢꤛꤢ

nowhere pron ꤒꤣꤖꤥꤒꤥ /tə˨pʰo˨to˨/; no place

numb adj ꤒꤢꤠꤤꤒꤢꤊꤜꤢ /ta˨vi˦ta˨klɯ˧/; tingly; paralyzed; der. ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤢ

number n ꤗꤢꤒꤥ /ma˦to˧/nurse v ꤥꤔꤢ /o˧nu˦/; when a baby drinks from the

breast n ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢꤞꤢꤚꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣ /tɛ˨ kʰu˨ʂa˦ra˦mɯᵊ˦/; woman who works in the medical field

nutcracker n ꤤꤟꤤ /i˨hi˦/

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O o

oak tree n ꤓꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤗꤟꤢ /tʰje˧tʰja˦mɔ˦ /oar n ꤞꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤖꤢ /ʂɔ˨klje˧pʰa˨/obedience n ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢꤖꤛꤢꤍꤟꤥ

/tɛ˨ ʤṳ˧la˧ pʰje˦ŋo˦/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢꤢ;

ꤡꤟꤢꤢꤕꤜꤤ

obey v ꤔꤟꤤꤘꤢ /ni ˦ da˧/; lit.'listen'; der. ꤔꤟꤤꤘꤢꤡꤟꤢꤢ v ꤡꤟꤢꤢ /dʒu˧e˨/; agree; der. ꤡꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢꤖꤛꤢꤍꤟꤥ

object v ꤡꤟꤢꤒꤥ /dʒu˧to˨/; not agree

objects n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ta˧ mɯᵊta˧ tɛ ˨ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤟꤢ

obstacle n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ me˨ ta˧ tɯ˧/obstinate adj ꤋꤢꤜꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣ /kʰa˧lɛ˨dɯᵊ˧/; lit.

'thick-eared' adj ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢꤕꤚꤟꤛꤢ /kʰu˨klɔ˦prje˧ /

obstruct v ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ta˧ tɯ˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤙꤤ;

ꤘꤤꤘꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ v ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /me˨ ta˧ tɯ˧/obstruction n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤘꤤꤘꤛꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ

/tɛ˨ me˨ di˦dja˧ ta˧ tɯ˧/obvious adj ꤥꤜꤟꤌꤣꤜꤤꤖꤥ /o˨lɯᵊ˧li˧pʰo˦/; clearly

visible adj ꤜꤟꤢꤜꤤ /la˦ li˧/; plain

occasionally adv ꤑꤟꤢꤒꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣ /ɲe˦ tə˨pʰɯᵊ/occupation n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ me˨ /occupy v ꤖꤛꤢꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ /pʰje˦kʰa˧le˦ /occur v ꤥꤓꤛꤢ /o˨tʰja˨/ocean n ꤓꤛꤢꤘꤢꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ /tʰje˧du˨ta˨va˨ /; der.

ꤕꤢꤜꤢ

odor n ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤗꤟꤛꤢ /nɯᵊ˨mja˦ /; smell

off adv ꤕꤟꤤ /pi ˧ /; when electricity goes off; der. ꤗꤤ ꤕꤟꤤ

offended adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤏꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨sʰɛ˧/; hurt feelings

offer v ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤢꤗꤟꤢꤒꤛꤢ /me˨ lu˧me˨ tja˧/; as a gift; make an offering; der. ꤜꤢꤒꤛꤢ

offering n ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ lu˧tɛ˨ tja˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤢꤒꤛꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤜꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤜꤢꤗꤟꤢꤒꤛꤢ

office n ꤐꤥ /zo˧/officer n ꤢꤘꤢꤢꤓꤢ /u˧du˨u˧tʰu˧/; officials

often adv ꤒꤢꤗꤥ /ta˨mo˧/; der. ꤒꤢꤗꤥꤒꤢꤗꤥ

oil n ꤓꤢꤓꤛꤢ /tʰa˨tʰje˧/ n ꤔꤢꤗꤤꤞꤢ /na˨mi˨ʂu˦/; crude oil; der. ꤞꤢꤡꤢ

okay adj ꤏꤢꤜꤟꤢ /sʰa˦le˦ /; pretty good

okra (ladyfinger) n ꤙꤢꤕꤜꤝꤤꤞꤢ /ba˦plwi˧ʂɛ˨/old adj ꤗꤟꤌꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢ /mɯᵊprɛ˦ /; elder; der.

ꤗꤟꤌꤣꤕꤚꤢ adj ꤜꤟꤛꤢ /lje˨ /; old (things)

older adj ꤗꤟꤌꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢꤜꤣ /mɯᵊprɛ˦ lə˦/; more elder adj ꤜꤟꤛꤢꤜꤣ /lje˨ lə˦/; older or oldest (thing)

olive n ꤢꤜꤤꤠꤢ /ɔ˦li˦va˨ʂɛ˨/; borrowed from English; der. ꤢꤜꤤꤠꤢꤞꤢ

on prep -ꤋꤢ /-kʰu˨/; on the top of; above; der. ꤢꤋꤢ prep -ꤜꤟꤥ /-lo˨/; on the body of

on behalf of phr ꤢꤑꤢ /a˨ɲe˧/once adv ꤒꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣ /tə˨pʰɯᵊ˦/; one time; der.

ꤒꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣꤒꤛꤣ

one n ꤒꤣ /tə˨/one animal phr ꤒꤣꤘꤟꤌꤣ /tə˨dɯᵊ˧/one day phr ꤒꤣꤑꤢ /tə˨ɲe˧/; der. ꤒꤣꤑꤢꤋꤢ

one night phr ꤒꤣꤞꤢ /tə˨ʂɛ˧/one part phr ꤒꤣꤊꤛꤢ /tə˨kje˧/one person phr ꤒꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢ /tə˨prɛ˨ /one place phr ꤒꤣꤖꤥ /tə˨pʰo˨/one thousand phr ꤒꤣꤚꤤ /tə˨ri˦/one time phr ꤒꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣ /tə˨pʰɯᵊ/ prep

ꤒꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣꤋꤢ /tə˨pʰɯᵊkʰɛ˧/; der. ꤙꤢꤒꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣ

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one thing phr ꤒꤣꤡꤣ /tə˨ʤə˨/ongoing from phr ꤥꤕꤜꤢꤟꤛꤢ /o˨ple˨hja˧/onion n ꤖꤥꤟꤥ /pʰo˧ho˦/; der. ꤖꤥꤟꤥꤜꤟꤤ

only adj ꤒꤢꤕꤚꤢ /tɯ˦prɛ˦/; der. ꤒꤢ; ꤥꤒꤢ;

ꤥꤒꤢꤕꤚꤢ; ꤕꤚꤢꤒꤢ adv ꤏꤛꤣ /ʃɯᵊ˧/; der. ꤏꤛꤣꤖꤢ adj ꤒꤛꤣꤕꤚꤢ /tɯᵊ˧prɛ˦/; der. ꤒꤛꤣ

onward adv ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢꤟꤛꤢ /ta˧ ple˨hja˧/; der. ꤕꤜꤢꤟꤛꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤢꤟꤛꤢ

open v ꤙꤢꤗꤥ /ba˦mo˧/; open, disclose; der. ꤙꤢꤗꤥꤓꤛꤢ v ꤡꤢꤢꤗꤥꤓꤛꤢ /ʤa˨a˦mo˧tʰja˨/; open a seal adj ꤥꤗꤥꤓꤛꤢ /o˨mo˧tʰja˨/ v

ꤜꤟꤢꤗꤥꤢꤛꤢ /lṳ˨mo˧a˦ja˧/; heaven opened

openable adj ꤙꤢꤗꤥꤡꤟꤛꤢ /ba˦mo˧ʤja˦ /; able to open

operate v ꤕꤚꤢꤖꤢ /pra˧pʰɛ˦/; cut open; der. ꤕꤚꤢ

opinion n ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨ta˨ne˨ /opium n ꤖꤤ /pʰi˧/; der. ꤖꤤꤗꤟꤢ; ꤖꤤꤖꤥ

opportunity n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤛꤣꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢ /tɛ˨ ʃɯᵊtɛ˨ kʰɛ˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤛꤣꤋꤢ n ꤢꤋꤝꤢꤢꤛꤢ /a˨kʰwa˦a˨ja˨/

oppose v ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢ /me˨ ta˧ tɯ˧sʰɯ˨/; der. ꤓꤢꤏꤢꤗꤟꤢꤏꤢ; ꤠꤢ v ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢꤋꤝꤥꤒꤢꤊꤢ /me˨ ta˨kʰwo˦ta˨kɛ˨/

opposite adj ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤝꤤ /ta˨klwi˦/; der. ꤢꤒꤢꤊꤜꤝꤤ

oppress v ꤗꤟꤢꤔꤢꤗꤟꤢꤡꤢ /me˨ nɯ˧me˨ dʒa˦/oppressor n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤗꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢ

/prɛ˨ me˨ ʤje˧ me˨ ʤɯ˨/or conj ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤥꤗꤢ /ma˦ to˨ma˨/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤥꤚꤢ;

ꤒꤥꤗꤢꤔꤢ; ꤒꤥꤗꤢ; ꤊꤤꤗꤟꤢꤒꤥ; ꤊꤤꤗꤟꤢꤒꤥꤗꤢ; ꤒꤥꤚꤢꤗꤢ

orange n ꤞꤢꤏꤢꤞꤢ /ʂɔ˨ʃɯ˧ʂɛ˨/orange juice n ꤞꤢꤏꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ʂɔ˨ʃɯ˧tʰje˧/; fruit

juice

orange tree n ꤞꤢꤏꤢꤗꤟꤢ /ʂɔ˨ʃɯ˧mɔ˦ /order v ꤔꤢ /nɔ˧/; to order to do something; to wish

for something to be done; to have someone do something (softer than in the English sense of order); der. ꤔꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ; ꤗꤢ n ꤍꤟꤥꤡꤟꤤ

/ŋo˦ʤi ˦ /; command

order to ask phr ꤔꤢꤏꤢꤘꤛꤢ /nɔ˧sʰu˨dja˧/order to be quiet phr ꤔꤢꤥꤞꤛꤣ /nɔ˧o˨ʂɯᵊ˨/order to become phr ꤔꤢꤓꤝꤟꤥꤓꤛꤢ

/nɔ˧tʰwo˧tʰja˨/order to bring phr ꤔꤢꤖꤛꤢꤟꤛꤢ /nɔ˧pʰje˦hja˧/order to carry and go phr ꤔꤢꤐꤟꤢꤡꤛꤣ

/nɔ˧za˦ ʤɯᵊ/order to climb on and ride phr

ꤔꤢꤓꤛꤢꤏꤤꤘꤛꤢ /nɔ˧tʰja˨ʃi˨dja˦/order to come phr ꤔꤢꤟꤛꤢ /nɔ˧hja˧/order to do phr ꤔꤢꤗꤟꤢ /nɔ˧me˨ /order to follow and go phr ꤔꤢꤊꤚꤝꤥꤡꤛꤣ

/nɔ˧krwo˧ʤɯᵊ/order to go back phr ꤔꤢꤊꤟꤢ /nɔ˧ka˨ /order to go take phr ꤔꤢꤡꤛꤣꤖꤛꤢ

/nɔ˧ʤɯᵊpʰje˦/order to leave phr ꤔꤢꤓꤢꤡꤛꤣ /nɔ˧tʰe˨ʤɯᵊ/order to prepare phr ꤔꤢꤒꤢꤚꤤꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢ

/nɔ˧ta˨ri˨ta˨rja˧/order to request phr ꤔꤢꤊꤝꤤ /nɔ˧kwi˧/order to sit down phr ꤔꤢꤥꤔꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ

/nɔ˧o˨nja˧ta˧ /order to sleep phr ꤔꤢꤥꤗꤛꤢ /nɔ˧o˨mje˧/order to stand or wake up phr ꤔꤢꤊꤢꤓꤢ

/nɔ˧ka˨tʰɔ˨/order to stay phr ꤔꤢꤥ /nɔ˧o˨/order to take and go and get phr

ꤔꤢꤖꤛꤢꤡꤛꤣꤔꤟꤤ /nɔ˧pʰje˦ʤɯᵊni ˦ /order to think phr ꤔꤢꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢ /nɔ˧ta˨ne˨ /order to write phr ꤔꤢꤚꤢ /nɔ˧ra˧/strongly order adv ꤔꤢꤏꤛꤥ /nɔ˧ʃjo˨/

orderly adj ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤒꤢꤏꤛꤣ /ta˨na˦ ta˨ʃɯᵊ˧/ordinary adj ꤗꤟꤢꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤜꤤ /mɔ˦ he˦mɔ˦ li˧/

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origin n ꤋꤢꤏꤛꤢꤋꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢ /kʰa˧ʃje˦kʰa˧rja˨ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢꤏꤛꤢ

orphan n ꤖꤢꤥꤊꤚꤛꤢꤥꤓꤢ /pʰu˦o˨krja˦o˨tʰɯ˧/orphaned adj ꤥꤊꤚꤛꤢꤖꤢ /o˨krja˦pʰu˦/; der.

ꤖꤢꤥꤊꤚꤛꤢꤥꤓꤢ; ꤊꤚꤛꤢꤖꤢ; ꤥꤊꤚꤛꤢ; ꤊꤚꤛꤢ

other adj ꤢꤚꤟꤌꤣ /a˨rɯᵊ˨/others pron ꤢꤚꤟꤌꤣ /u˧rɯᵊ˨/; other people

otitis n ꤋꤢꤜꤢꤊꤢꤒꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤ /kʰa˧lɛ˨ku˧tɛ˨ ʃwi˦/; earache; ear infection

ought v ꤊꤢ /kɔ˨/; der. ꤊꤢꤙꤢ v ꤒꤥꤊꤢ /to˧kɔ˨/out v ꤓꤢ /tʰe˨/; leave; exit

out of it phr ꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢ /ta˨pa˨ /; conscious but not thinking clearly; frozen

out of place phr ꤥꤒꤟꤢ /o˨tɔ˧ /outside prep ꤢꤊꤜꤢ /a˨klɔ˧/; der. -ꤊꤜꤢ n

ꤟꤤꤒꤢꤊꤜꤢ /hi˨ta˨klɔ˧/; outside the house

over here phr ꤙꤤꤛꤢ /bi˦je˧/over there phr ꤙꤤꤔꤛꤣ /bi˦nɯᵊ˨/; der. ꤘꤣ ꤔꤛꤣ

overcast n ꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ ꤘꤟꤌꤣ /ɔ˦lɯᵊ dɯᵊ˧/; thick clouds

overcome v ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤢꤙꤢ /me˨ pe˦bɛ˦/; able to win over

overeat v ꤢꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥꤥꤒꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /e˨ta˨lwo˦o˧ta˨lje˨ /

overflow v ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢ /ta˧ pɛ˧ /overlook v ꤗꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣꤙꤢꤋꤢ

/mja˦ta˧ pʰɯᵊ˨bɛ˦kʰu˨/overshadow v ꤟꤌꤣꤙꤤꤒꤟꤢ /ɯᵊbi˦ta˧ /overtake phr ꤜꤟꤢꤜꤢ /lɯ˨lɛ˦/; der. ꤜꤢ

overturn adj ꤘꤤꤒꤢꤊꤛꤢ /di˨ta˨kja˦/; backwards

owl n ꤓꤢꤙꤟꤌꤣ /tʰu˨bɯᵊ˨/own v ꤠꤢꤒꤟꤢ ꤔꤟꤤꤘꤢ; lit. my own thing; der.

ꤔꤟꤤꤘꤢ

owner n ꤙꤛꤢꤡꤢ /bja˨ʤɛ˨/; der. ꤔꤟꤢꤙꤛꤢꤡꤢ n

ꤟꤤ ꤙꤛꤢꤡꤢ /hi˨ bja˨dʒɛ˨/; house owner n

ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ ꤙꤛꤢꤡꤢ /ta˧ tɛ ˨ bja˨dʒɛ˨/; owner of things

oxen n ꤕꤟꤢꤖꤢꤘꤢ /pṳ˦pʰɛ˧du˨/

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P p

paddle v ꤋꤛꤢ /kʰja˧/; to paddle a boat

paddy rice n ꤙꤟꤌꤣ /bɯᵊ˦/page n ꤜꤤꤕꤜꤢ /li˨plɛ˨/pagoda n ꤙꤥꤡꤤ /bo˧dʒi˨/pain n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢꤔꤟꤢꤏꤢꤙꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ sʰɛ˧ne˦ sʰɛ˧bja˨/;

der. ꤏꤢ

painful adj ꤏꤢꤢꤟꤢ /sʰɛ˧a˨ /; lit. pain-eats

paint v ꤕꤜꤟꤢ /plɔ˦ /; rub on

palace n ꤋꤝꤤꤟꤥ /kʰwi˦ho˧/; der. ꤋꤝꤤꤟꤤ

palate n ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤘꤢ /kja˧ dɛ˨/palm n ꤒꤢꤋꤢꤊꤢ /ta˨kʰu˨ku˧/; inside the hand

palm branch n ꤊꤢꤔꤢꤘꤢꤖꤛꤢ /ka˨nɔ˧du˨pʰja˧/palm nut n ꤓꤢꤍꤢꤞꤢ /tʰa˨ŋɛ˦ʂɛ˨/pamphlet n ꤜꤤꤢꤖꤢ /li˨u˦pʰu˦/; small book

pan n ꤕꤟꤢꤒꤟꤛꤢ /pɔ˨ tja˨ /pant v ꤞꤢꤟꤥꤞꤢꤘꤢ /ʂe˦ho˦ʂɛ˦da˧/; from exerting

oneself

pants n ꤟꤛꤢꤋꤛꤢꤓꤢ /hje˨kʰja˨tʰu˧/; trousers; der. ꤟꤛꤢ

papaya n ꤘꤤꤊꤜꤝꤤꤟꤢꤞꤢ /di˧klwi˧he˧ʂɛ˨/paper n ꤡꤟꤢꤙꤢ /ʤe˨ ba˨/; der. ꤜꤤꤕꤜꤤ

parable n ꤍꤟꤥꤋꤢꤋꤥ /ŋo˦kʰa˦kʰo˨/; der. ꤋꤢꤋꤥ;

ꤋꤢꤋꤥꤍꤟꤥ; ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢꤋꤢꤋꤥ

paralyzed n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢꤒꤣꤊꤛꤢ /prɛ˨ ʂje˧tə˨kje˧/parentheses n ꤊꤜꤥꤗꤥꤊꤜꤥꤙꤤ /klo˦mo˧klo˦bi˦/parents n ꤗꤟꤌꤣꤖꤢ /mɯᵊpʰɛ˧/; mother-father

parents-in-law n ꤕꤚꤟꤢ /prɛ˦ /parishioners n ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤢꤙꤢꤟꤥꤖꤢ

/tɛ˨ ʤɔ˦bɛ˧ho˧pʰu˦/park n ꤒꤟꤢꤖꤥ ꤒꤢꤚꤢꤊꤢ /tɛ˨ pʰo˧ ta˨rɛ˦ku˧/;

flower garden

parking area n ꤜꤟꤢꤙꤢꤥ ꤜꤟꤢꤡꤢ ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ /le˦ be˨o˨ lɔ˦ dʒɛ˦ kʰa˧le˦ /; garage

parrot n ꤓꤢꤋꤝꤤ /tʰu˨kʰwi˨/part n ꤒꤣꤊꤛꤢ /tə˨kje˧/; part or half

partial v ꤗꤛꤢꤙꤢꤋꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣ ꤢ /mja˦bɛ˦kʰu˨ ta˧ pʰɯᵊ˨ u˧/

particle emphasizing a lack of belief v ꤘꤢ /da˧/particle emphasizing having said or done too

much already Particle ꤊꤢꤒꤟꤢ꤮ /ka˨tɛ˦ /particle emphasizing singularity particle ꤟꤢ

/hu˨/; only one, alone, a little

particle emphasizing the negative Particle ꤠꤤꤔꤛꤢ /vi˦nja˧/

particle expressing possibility Particle ꤊꤥ /ko˧/; maybe; possible

particle for supporting when someone says that is true Particle ꤔꤛꤣ /nɯᵊ˧/

particle in asking a question; could this be? Particle ꤡꤢꤊꤥ /ʤɔ˦ko˧/

particle of negation particle ꤒꤢ /tɛ˧/particle of separation Particle -ꤊꤛꤢ /-kja˧/; when

you leave away from something

particle that softens statements Particle ꤔꤤ꤮ /ni˦/

particle that supports that the statement is true Particle ꤠꤟꤢ /va˧ /

particle used in negation Particle ꤔꤟꤢ /na˦ /; usually used before the negative; der. ꤔꤟꤢ ꤒꤥ

particle when comparing something Particle ꤊꤢ /ku˧/; when you think something is better; like English '-er' words

particle when comparing something with others Particle ꤊꤟꤌꤣꤢ /kɯᵊ˧u˧/

particle when requesting something Particle ꤊꤟꤌꤣꤚꤢ /kɯᵊre˦/; to soften when requesting something

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particle when talking about an additional person or situation Particle ꤊꤢ /ke˨/

particularly adj ꤏꤛꤣꤏꤢ /ʃɯᵊ˧sʰɯ˦/; only; pure

parts n ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ /krɯ˨krɔ˧ /party n ꤕꤢꤒꤤ ꤕꤝꤢ /pa˨ti˨ pwɛ˨/pass v ꤡꤛꤣꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥ /dʒɯᵊ˦ta˨lwo˦/; go past

Passover n ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤛꤣꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥꤕꤝꤢ /tɛ˨ ʤɯᵊta˨lwo˦pwɛ˨/; religious term for Jewish celebration

passport n ꤕꤢꤎꤕꤥ /paspo/; borrowed term from English

password n ꤍꤟꤥꤘꤢꤟꤌꤣ /ŋo˦dɔ˦ɯᵊ/; secret or hidden word

past prep ꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥ /ta˨lwo˦/; to go beyond; der. ꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥꤊꤛꤢ; ꤡꤛꤣꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥ ꤋꤢꤒꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ v ꤜꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢ /lɔ˧ plu˦/; to pass by; der. ꤜꤢ

past tense marker v -ꤊꤛꤢ /-kja˧/; completed v

ꤓꤛꤣꤟꤢ /tʰɯᵊ˧hɔ˦/; finished-already

pastor n ꤒꤟꤢꤥꤊꤢꤞꤢꤚꤢ /tɛ˨ o˨ku˦ʂa˦ra˦/; lit. meeting teacher

path n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤖꤢ /klja˦pʰu˦/pathway n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤘꤢꤊꤢ /klja˦dɛ˧ku˧/patience n ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢꤘꤥ /tɛ˨ kʰja˦ʂɛ˦do˧/; lit. to

bear slowly n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤓꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦plɔ˨tʰu˧/ n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤡꤝꤟꤥꤞꤢꤡꤝꤟꤥ /tɛ˨ ʂu˨dʒwo˨ʂɛ˦dʒwo˨/

patient adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤓꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨tʰu˧/; lit. long heart; der. ꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤓꤢ adj ꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢꤘꤥ /kʰja˦ʂɛ˦do˧/; lit. bear slowly

patriotism n ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ ꤘꤣ ꤗꤟꤥꤔꤟꤤ ꤓꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˦ də˦ mo˨ ni ˦ tʰje˦ke˦ /; heart that loves their country

pave v ꤤꤘꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /i˨dɛ˧klja˦/paw v ꤊꤢꤊꤚꤥ /kɔ˦kro˨/; to paw the ground n

ꤋꤛꤢꤚꤟꤢ /kʰja˨rɛ˧ /; animal feet

pay v ꤕꤜꤢ /pla˦/; der. ꤡꤢꤢ

payment n ꤋꤝꤥꤊꤢ /kʰwo˦kɛ˨/; der. ꤊꤢ; ꤜꤢꤊꤢ;

ꤜꤢꤋꤝꤥꤜꤢꤊꤢ

peace n ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤢꤡꤟꤢꤊꤢꤙꤢ /tɛ˨ ka˨ʤṳ˦ka˨bɛ˦/ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤥꤒꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ mo˨tɛ˨ pe˧ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤘꤝꤥ n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤛꤣꤒꤟꤢꤊꤚꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɯᵊ˨tɛ˨ kre˧/; quietness n

ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢ /tɛ˨ krɯ˧tɛ˨ klɛ˧/; to get along with one another

peaceful adj ꤥꤊꤢꤡꤟꤢꤊꤢꤙꤢ /o˨ka˨ʤṳ˦ka˨bɛ˦/ v

ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢ /krɯ˧klɛ˧/; to get along together adj ꤥꤕꤟꤢꤥꤘꤝꤥ /o˨pe˧ o˨dwo˧/; at peace

peacock n ꤓꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /tʰu˨prɛ˧ /peak n ꤏꤥꤋꤛꤢ /sʰo˨kʰje˧/peals of thunder phr

ꤏꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣ /ʃje˨lja˨ plja˨ mɯᵊ/peanut n ꤊꤢꤙꤤꤞꤢ /kɔ˦bi˧ʂu˦/pearl n ꤕꤚꤛꤢꤞꤢ ꤍꤟꤢꤘꤢꤕꤚꤟꤤꤘꤢ /prja˧ʂɛ˨

ŋu˨du˨pri ˨ du˨/ n ꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢꤜꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤥ /lɔ˦ θe˦lɔ˦ pro˨/

peas n ꤊꤢꤙꤢꤞꤢ /kɔ˦bɛ˨ʂɛ˨/; der. ꤊꤢꤙꤢꤜꤢ n

ꤊꤢꤙꤢꤒꤣꤜꤢ /kɔ˦bɛ˨tə˨lɛ˧/; one month pea-bears fruit and is edible in one month n ꤊꤢꤙꤢꤒꤢꤊꤜꤢ /kɔ˦bɛ˨ta˨kle˧/; lazy pea (non-climbing pea)

pee v ꤤꤏꤛꤢ /i˨ʃje˨/peek v ꤗꤛꤢꤡꤥ /mja˦dʒo˧/; peep

peel v ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤤ /ta˨kli˦/peg n ꤤꤓꤢ /i˨tʰɛ˦/pen n ꤜꤤꤙꤥ /li˨bo˧/; writing utensil n ꤕꤟꤥ /po˨/;

enclosure for animals

pencil n ꤡꤟꤢꤙꤥ /dʒe˨bo˧/; der. ꤜꤤꤙꤥꤞꤢ

penetrate v ꤏꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /ʃja˦nɯᵊ˧/; pierce into

penis n ꤓꤤ /tʰi˨/; der. ꤓꤤꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢ

pennywort (Asiatic) n ꤒꤢꤞꤤꤋꤢꤗꤟꤢꤜꤢ /ta˨ʂi˦kʰa˨mɛ˦ lɛ˨/

people n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢ /prɛ˨ lṳ˨/; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢꤊꤢꤛꤢ; ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢꤟꤢꤋꤢꤖꤢ

pepper n ꤞꤢꤟꤛꤢꤞꤤꤞꤛꤣ /ʂɛ˨hja˦ʂi˦ʂɯᵊ˧/; green pepper n ꤞꤢꤟꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˨hja˦/; chile pepper

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percent n ꤕꤝꤤꤙꤢꤐꤟꤢ /pwi˦bɛ˦zɛ˨ /perfect adj ꤒꤥꤒꤢ /to˧tɯ˦/; correct; right; der.

ꤢꤚꤛꤢꤜꤣ

perfume n ꤓꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤗꤢ /tʰje˧nɯᵊ˨mɯ˦/perhaps adv ꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢꤗꤢ /ta˨rja˦ma˨/ adv

ꤙꤢꤒꤢꤙꤢ /bɛ˨ta˨bɛ˨/period n ꤏꤛꤣꤋꤢ /ʃɯᵊkʰɛ˧/; time n ꤏꤢ /sʰa˦/; full-

stop in a sentence n ꤜꤢꤟꤛꤢ /lɛ˧hja˧/; period of menstruating

perishable adj ꤞꤢꤕꤛꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢ /ʂɔ˧pje˦dʒja˦ /; able to spoil or rot

permission n ꤢꤋꤝꤢꤢꤛꤢ /a˨kʰwa˦a˨ja˨/; opportunity

permit v ꤘꤛꤢ ꤢꤋꤝꤢ /dje˦ a˨kʰwa˦/persecute v ꤗꤟꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤗꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢ

/me˨ ʤje˧ me˨ ʤɯ˨/persecution n ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢ

/tɛ˨ ʤje˧ tɛ ˨ ʤɯ˨/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤡꤟꤢ;

ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤗꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢ

perseverance n ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤓꤢ /tɛ˨ kʰja˦ʂɛ˦plɔ˨tʰu˧/

persevere v ꤋꤛꤢꤙꤢ /kʰja˧bɛ˦/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤗꤟꤢꤢꤛꤢ; ꤙꤢꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤓꤢ

person n ꤊꤢꤛꤢ /ka˨ja˧/; human n ꤕꤚꤟꤢ /prɛ˨ /perspiration n ꤊꤟꤢꤞꤢ /kṳ˦ʂa˧/ v ꤊꤟꤢꤞꤢꤓꤢ

/kṳ˦ʂa˧tʰe˨/persuade v ꤤꤜꤢꤤꤜꤛꤢ /i˨lɔ˧i˨lja˦/ v ꤤꤜꤥꤡꤛꤣ

/i˨lo˨ʤɯᵊ/; tempt or persuade to go v ꤟꤢꤙꤢ

ꤡꤝꤤꤔꤟꤤꤓꤢꤔꤟꤤ /he˦bɛ˨ ʤwi˨ni ˦ tʰɔ˦ni ˦ /pestilence n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢꤊꤟꤢꤚꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ sʰɛ˧ke˦ ra˦ /pestle n ꤊꤢꤏꤛꤣ /ka˨ʃɯᵊ˧/pharmacy n ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤛꤢꤊꤜꤢ

/tɛ˨ kʰu˨tɛ˨ tje˦ klɛ˦/pharynx n ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤊꤚꤥ /kja˧ kro˨/pheasant n ꤓꤢꤓꤢ /tʰu˨tʰɛ˧/; der. ꤓꤢꤚꤢ

Philippines n ꤖꤤꤜꤢꤕꤢ ꤊꤟꤢ /pʰi˦la˨pɛ˨ ke˦ /

phlegm n ꤒꤢꤋꤢ /ta˨kʰa˦/; der. ꤒꤢꤋꤢ ꤒꤢꤋꤢꤓꤢ

photograph n ꤐꤟꤢꤐꤟꤥ /za˦ zo˨/; photo v

ꤗꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢꤐꤟꤥ /mɯ˧za˦ zo˨/pick v ꤔꤝꤥꤖꤛꤢꤔꤝꤥꤗꤟꤢ; to choose; der. ꤔꤝꤥ;

ꤔꤝꤥꤖꤛꤢ v ꤤꤙꤢ /i˨ba˨/; der. ꤤꤙꤢꤢ v

ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤢ /pra˦ e˨/; pluck or pick off; der. ꤤꤕꤚꤟꤢꤢ

pick up phr ꤖꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ /pʰje˦tʰja˨/; der. ꤡꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ

picture n ꤐꤟꤢꤐꤟꤥ /za˦ zo˨/; photo

piece n ꤒꤣꤊꤝꤥ /tə˨kwo˨/; half of something

pieces n ꤊꤢꤊꤤꤊꤢꤊꤝꤥ /ka˦ki˧ka˦kwo˨/pierce v ꤏꤢ /sʰɯ˧/; with a sword; der. ꤏꤛꤢ;

ꤏꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ

pig n ꤓꤛꤢ /tʰja˦/pigeon n ꤓꤢꤜꤝꤟꤤ ꤘꤤꤊꤚꤢ /tʰu˨lwi ˦ di˧kra˧/pile v ꤘꤛꤢꤙꤢꤓꤛꤢꤎꤢꤗꤥ /dja˨ba˧tʰja˨sa˧mo˧/; to

pile up; der. ꤘꤛꤢꤕꤜꤢ

pill n ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢꤕꤜꤢ /tɛ˨ kʰu˨plɔ˨/; medicine

pillow n ꤗꤝꤥ /mwo˦/pimple n ꤖꤢꤞꤢ /pʰɔ˧ʂɯ˦/pin n ꤓꤢꤊꤟꤢ /tʰɛka˦ /; der. ꤓꤢꤊꤟꤤ v ꤊꤜꤢ /klɛ˦/;

to hang on the wall; der. ꤏꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ

pinch v ꤤꤡꤟꤥ /i˨ʤo˦/pine tree n ꤒꤢꤍꤢꤗꤟꤢ /ta˨ŋu˧mɔ˦ /; der. ꤒꤢꤍꤢ

pineapple n ꤗꤢꤋꤢꤞꤢ /ma˦kʰe˧ʂɛ˨/pinky n ꤊꤢꤔꤢꤖꤢꤏꤢ /ka˨nɔ˧pʰu˦sʰɛ˦/; little finger

pity v ꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢꤔꤟꤤ /ʂɛ˦zɔ˨ ni ˦ /; feel sorry for; have compassion or mercy on; der. ꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢ

place n ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢꤋꤢꤙꤛꤢ /kʰa˧le˦ kʰa˧bja˨/; der. ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ v ꤙꤢ /be˨/; to place something Classifier ꤖꤥ /pʰo˨/good place phr ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢ /kʰa˧le˦ rja˦/pleasant place n ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢꤗꤟꤥ /kʰa˧le˦ mo˨/wide place n ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /kʰa˧le˦ lja˦ /

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place down phr ꤘꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /dja˨ta˧ /place hands on phr ꤒꤣꤚꤟꤢ /tə˨rɛ˧ /place of the dead phr ꤜꤟꤌꤣꤊꤟꤢꤔꤢꤘꤢ

/lɯᵊ˧ke˦ ne˦dɔ˧/; Hades

placenta n ꤖꤢꤊꤢ /pʰu˦kɔ˧/plague n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢꤚꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢꤘꤝꤥ

/tɛ˨ ʂje˧ra˦ ʂje˧dwo˧/; ꤊꤟꤢꤚꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤘꤝꤥ

plain n ꤊꤟꤢꤕꤢꤋꤢ /ke˦ pe˧kʰu˨/; der. ꤊꤟꤢꤋꤥ adj ꤜꤟꤢꤜꤤ /la˦ li˧/; clear, obvious; der. ꤜꤟꤌꤣꤜꤤ

plan n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤐꤛꤢꤥꤔꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ta˨zje˨o˨ne˨ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤤ v ꤡꤛꤢ /dʒja˨/

plane v ꤓꤢꤞꤛꤢ /tʰɯ˦ʂje˨/; make smooth; der. ꤒꤢꤓꤢꤞꤛꤢ

plant v ꤤꤏꤢꤤꤕꤜꤢ /i˨sʰɔ˦i˨plɯ˧/; der. ꤤꤏꤢꤒꤟꤢ;

ꤤꤏꤢ; ꤤꤏꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ v ꤤꤜꤟꤌꤣꤤꤕꤜꤢ /i˨lɯᵊi˨plɯ˧/; bury in the ground??; der. ꤤꤜꤟꤌꤣ; ꤤꤜꤟꤌꤣꤒꤟꤢ;

plantain n ꤘꤤꤊꤜꤝꤤꤗꤟꤤꤞꤢ /di˧klwi˧mi ˨ ʂɛ˨/plate n ꤘꤤꤙꤢ /di˧be˧/; plate; platter

plateau n ꤊꤟꤢꤑꤟꤢꤋꤥꤜꤥ /ke˦ ɲe˨ kʰo˧lo˧/; der. ꤊꤟꤢꤋꤥ

platoon n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤒꤣꤐꤟꤢ /klje˧tə˨zɛ˨ /; 100 soldiers

play v ꤜꤢꤠꤢ /la˨vɔ˧ /; der. ꤜꤢꤠꤤꤜꤢꤠꤢ v ꤘꤢ /dɔ˨/; play piano v ꤙꤢ ꤖꤢ /ba˦ pʰa˦/; play cards

play cards phr ꤙꤢꤖꤢ /ba˦pʰa˦/plea n ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤝꤤꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ kwi˧ʂɛ˦zɔ˨ /; asking

for mercy

plead v ꤊꤝꤤꤒꤢꤘꤢ /kwi˧ta˨dɯ˨/pleasant adj ꤢꤖꤝꤤꤢꤗꤟꤥ /a˨pʰwi˧a˨mo˨hja˧/;

light-happy

please adv ꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢꤘꤥ /kʰja˦ʂɛ˦do˧/; please allow me to do something

pleased to do phr ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤥ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨o˨/; der. ꤞꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢꤞꤢꤜꤟꤢ

plenty adv ꤜꤣꤙꤢꤜꤢ /lə˦ba˧la˧/

plot v ꤊꤚꤢ /kre˨/; der. ꤊꤚꤢꤗꤟꤢ

plot together secretly phr ꤏꤢꤊꤢꤟꤌꤣ /sʰu˨ku˧ɯᵊ˨/

plow n ꤓꤢ /tʰa˦/; der. ꤓꤢꤓꤢ; ꤓꤢꤕꤚꤢ n ꤓꤢ /tʰa˦/pluck v ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤢ /pra˦ e˨/; der. ꤤꤕꤚꤟꤢꤢ

plunder v ꤜꤢꤐꤢꤢ /lu˦za˦e˨/; accost and rob

pneumonia n ꤞꤢꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢ /ʂu˨tɛ˨ ʂɛ˧/pocket n ꤡꤟꤢꤓꤢ /dʒa˨tʰɔ˧/; shirt pocket n

ꤟꤛꤢꤓꤢ /hje˨tʰɔ˧/; pants pocket n ꤕꤟꤛꤢꤓꤢ /pje˧ tʰɔ˧/; bag pocket

poet n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤚꤢꤍꤟꤥꤤꤚꤥ /prɛ˨ ra˧ŋo˦i˨ro˧/poetry n ꤜꤤꤟꤢꤚꤥ /li˨he˦ro˧/; song

point v ꤐꤟꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤐꤟꤢꤊꤜꤥ /zṳ˧klja˦zṳ˧klo˧/; point the way; der. ꤐꤟꤢ n ꤡꤛꤣꤚꤢꤗꤤ /dʒɯᵊ˧ra˨mi˦/; sharp point of a stick

point out v ꤐꤟꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /zu˧lɯᵊ˧/; explain; show

poison v ꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢ /a˨rja˧ /; der. ꤢꤕꤟꤛꤢ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤢꤒꤟꤢꤕꤜꤟꤢ ꤓꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ʤɯ˨tɛ˨ plɛ˦ tʰje˧/; der. ꤢꤡꤢꤢꤕꤜꤟꤢ

poke v ꤊꤟꤤ /ki ˧ /; der. ꤊꤟꤤꤕꤜꤥ

pole n ꤟꤤꤓꤢ /hi˨tʰɯ˨/; post/pole of house n

ꤊꤟꤢꤓꤝꤥꤙꤥ /ke˦ tʰwo˧bo˧/; name of pole used in Karenni pole festival

polestar n ꤏꤢꤒꤢꤜꤥ /sʰɛ˨te˧lo˦/; three stars in straight line

police n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤠꤟꤤꤊꤢ /klje˧vi ˧ ku˧/policy n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤊꤜꤥ /klja˦klo˧/polite adv ꤡꤟꤢꤘꤢ /dʒɛ˦dɛ˨/politician n ꤕꤚꤟꤢ ꤗꤟꤢ ꤓꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢꤚꤢ /prɛ˨ me˨

tʰje˧ke˦ re˨/; person who does country work

politics n ꤓꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢꤚꤢ /tʰje˧ke˦ re˨/pomegranate n ꤞꤢꤗꤤꤡꤛꤢꤞꤢ /ʂɔ˨mi˨dʒja˧ʂɛ˨/pond n ꤓꤛꤢꤢꤖꤢ /tʰje˧ɔ˧pʰu˦/; small lake

pool n ꤓꤛꤢꤢ /tʰje˧ɔ˨/poop v ꤤ /i˨/

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poor adj ꤏꤥꤖꤢꤏꤥꤚꤟꤛꤢ /sʰo˧pʰa˦sʰo˧rja˨ /; der. ꤏꤥꤚꤟꤛꤢꤏꤥꤖꤢ n ꤏꤥꤖꤢꤏꤥꤚꤟꤛꤢꤖꤢ /sʰo˧pʰa˦sʰo˧rhja˨pʰu˦/; der. ꤏꤥꤚꤟꤛꤢꤏꤥꤖꤢꤖꤢ; ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤏꤥꤖꤢꤏꤥꤚꤟꤛꤢꤖꤢ; ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤏꤥꤚꤟꤛꤢ

popliteal n ꤋꤛꤢꤊꤟꤛꤢꤜꤟꤢ /kʰja˨kja˧ lɛ ˧ /; back of knee

popular adj ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ ꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢ /ka˨ja˧ ɛ˦prɛ˨ ʂɛ˦zɯ˦/; many people like

porch n ꤟꤤꤜꤢꤊꤢ /hi˨la˦kɯ˨/porcupine n ꤞꤢ /ʂɯ˨/pore n ꤏꤢꤊꤢ /sʰɯ˨ku˧/pork n ꤓꤛꤢꤐꤛꤢ /tʰja˦zje˨/port n ꤜꤟꤢꤙꤢꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣ ꤞꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤘꤢ ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ

/le˦ ba˦o˨kɯᵊ ʂɔ˨klje˧du˨ kʰa˧le˦ /; harbor; place for putting a big boat

porter n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤐꤢꤒꤟꤢꤖꤢ /prɛ˨ za˦tɛ˨ pʰu˦/portrait n ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢꤐꤟꤢꤐꤟꤥ /kʰu˨klɔ˦za˦ zo˨/possibly adv ꤊꤥꤜꤢ /ko˦le˧/; der. ꤗꤢꤔꤢ

post n ꤟꤤꤓꤢ /hi˨tʰɯ˨/; pole of house

pot n ꤘꤤꤤꤞꤝꤤꤕꤟꤢ /di˧i˨ʂwi˦pɔ˨ /; for rice-curry; der. ꤕꤟꤢ; ꤘꤤꤕꤟꤢꤘꤤꤘꤥ

pots and pans n ꤘꤤꤕꤟꤢꤘꤤꤓꤢ /di˧pɔ˨ di˧tʰa˧/potter n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤙꤛꤢꤕꤢꤟꤢ /prɛ˨ bja˦pɔ˨he˨/pottery n ꤕꤢꤟꤢ /pɔ˨he˨/; der. ꤙꤢꤟꤢ

poultry n ꤏꤛꤢꤘꤢ /ʃje˧dɔ˧/; der. ꤓꤢꤘꤢ

pound v ꤤꤏꤢ /i˨sʰa˦/; pound rice v ꤗꤟꤢ /mɯ˧/; pound with a hammer v ꤓꤢꤓꤛꤢ /tʰɛ˦tʰja˨/; nail up; crucify v ꤓꤢ /tʰɔ˧/; with fists; der. ꤕꤜꤢꤓꤢ

pour v ꤊꤜꤟꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /klɔ˧ lja˨ /; pour down; der. ꤊꤜꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ ꤊꤜꤟꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ; ꤊꤜꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ; ꤐꤢꤓꤛꤢ; ꤊꤜꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢꤘꤛꤢꤕꤜꤢ v ꤜꤟꤛꤢ; i.e. pour liquid; der. ꤜꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ v ꤊꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢꤘꤢ /ke˦ ʤɯ˨du˨/; heavy rain v ꤕꤜꤟꤢ

/plɔ˦ / v ꤐꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ /zɯ˨tʰja˨/; pour on v

ꤐꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /zɯ˨ta˧ /; pour down

pout v ꤘꤛꤢ ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤝꤥ /dja˦ ta˨klwo˨/poverty n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤥꤖꤢꤏꤥꤚꤟꤛꤢ

/tɛ˨ sʰo˧pʰa˦sʰo˧rja˨ /power n ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤥꤒꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ pro˨tɛ˨ prja˧ /;

der. ꤕꤚꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤛꤢ; ꤕꤚꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤛꤢꤏꤛꤥꤏꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤛꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢꤕꤚꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤛꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤛꤢꤏꤛꤥꤏꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢꤏꤛꤥꤏꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤛꤥꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢ; ꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢꤕꤚꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤛꤢ

most powerful phr ꤕꤚꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤛꤢꤜꤣꤢ /pro˨prja˧ lə˦u˧/

practice v ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤛꤥ /me˨ ʂwo˦/praise v ꤓꤢꤞꤢꤓꤛꤢ /tʰu˨ʂɛ˦tʰja˨/; der.

ꤟꤢꤙꤢꤓꤢꤞꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤓꤢꤞꤢꤓꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ tʰu˨ʂɛ˦tʰja˨/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤓꤢꤞꤢ;

ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢꤓꤢꤞꤢ n ꤜꤟꤢꤓꤢꤞꤢꤓꤛꤢ /le˦ tʰu˨ʂɛ˦tʰja˨/

pray v ꤊꤝꤤꤡꤢꤙꤢ /kwi˧ʤɔ˦bɛ˧/; der. ꤊꤝꤤꤡꤢꤙꤢꤒꤟꤢ; ꤡꤢꤙꤢꤡꤢꤙꤢ; ꤡꤢꤙꤢ

prayer n ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤝꤤꤡꤢꤙꤢ /tɛ˨ kwi˧ʤɔ˦bɛ˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤝꤤꤡꤢꤙꤢꤓꤛꤢ

pre-elect v ꤔꤝꤥꤓꤛꤢꤥꤔꤟꤢ /nwo˦tʰja˨o˨ne˨ /; choose beforehand

preach v ꤘꤣꤑꤢ /də˨ɲa˧/; der. ꤘꤣꤑꤢꤟꤢꤏꤥ v

ꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤢ /hɔ˧ta˨ra˧/preacher n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤘꤣꤑꤢꤘꤛꤢꤏꤥ

/prɛ˨ də˨ɲa˧dja˦sʰo˨/; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤢ

precaution n ꤚꤟꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢ /rɔ˨ rje˧ /precede v ꤡꤛꤣꤘꤣꤑꤢ /dʒɯᵊ˦də˦ɲe˧/; go before;

go to the front; der. ꤡꤛꤣꤚꤟꤢ

precise adj ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ta˧ te˨ /; sure

predict v ꤜꤢꤞꤢꤔꤢ /la˧ʂa˧ne˨/prefer v ꤘꤛꤢꤘꤢ /dja˨du˨/; der. ꤘꤛꤢꤘꤢꤚꤟꤢ

pregnant adj ꤗꤟꤌꤣꤘꤢ /mɯᵊ˦dɔ˧/; der. ꤗꤟꤌꤣꤘꤢꤓꤛꤢ adj ꤟꤢꤞꤢ /hɔ˦ʂɛ˦/; der. ꤟꤢꤜꤢ

preparation n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤤꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ta˨ri˨ta˨rja˧/

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prepare v ꤒꤢꤚꤤꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢ /ta˨ri˨ta˨rja˧/; der. ꤒꤢꤚꤤ

prepared adj ꤥꤒꤢꤚꤤꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢ /o˨ta˨ri˨ta˨rja˧/; der. ꤥꤒꤢꤚꤤ; ꤥꤒꤢꤚꤤꤏꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤚꤟꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ rɔ˨ rje˧ / v ꤐꤢ /ze˨/; to be in a ready position

present n ꤏꤛꤢꤐꤟꤢ /ʃje˧zṳ˦/preserve v ꤙꤢꤘꤝꤥ /be˨dwo˦/; der. ꤘꤝꤥꤞꤢ v

ꤘꤛꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣꤒꤢꤘꤝꤥ /dja˨ɯᵊ˦ta˨dwo˧/president n ꤊꤟꤢꤙꤛꤢꤡꤢ /ke˦ bja˨ʤɛ˨/ n

ꤋꤢꤡꤢ /kʰu˨dʒɔ˦/press down phr ꤏꤢꤒꤟꤢ /sʰa˦ta˧ /; water fall

rushing down; roots extending down; beat down

pretend v ꤡꤟꤛꤢ /ʤje˦ /; appear to be; der. ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤐꤟꤢ v ꤟꤢꤋꤥꤙꤛꤢ /he˦kʰo˨bje˨/; not really true; (e.g. she is pretending to be your friend in her speech)

pretend to be dead phr ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤞꤛꤢ /dʒje˦ ʂje˧/pretend to be righteous phr ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤡꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ

/ʤje˦ ʤɔ˦ʤje˦ te˨ /; see hypocrisy

pretension n ꤒꤟꤢꤖꤛꤢꤘꤢꤖꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤜꤣ /tɛ˨ pʰje˦du˨pʰje˦tʰja˨lə˧/

pretty adj ꤒꤝꤟꤥ /two˦/; der. ꤒꤝꤟꤥꤜꤢ; ꤢꤒꤝꤟꤥ

pretty and smart phr ꤒꤝꤟꤥꤞꤢꤚꤛꤢ /two˦ʂa˧rja˧/pretty woman phr ꤗꤟꤌꤣꤒꤝꤟꤥ /mɯᵊ˦two˦/; lit.

mother-pretty

prevent v ꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /he˦ta˧ tɯ˧ me˨ ta˧ tɯ˧/; to say or do something to make the actor stop what they are doing

price n ꤍꤟꤢ /ŋṳ˨/; der. ꤢꤍꤟꤢꤢꤕꤚꤟꤤ;

ꤍꤟꤢꤘꤢꤍꤟꤢꤏꤤ n ꤍꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤤꤒꤥ /ŋu˨pri ˨ to˧/; a good price

full price adj ꤍꤟꤢꤊꤢ /ŋṳ˨kɔ˨/pride n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤜꤣ ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ

/tɛ˨ dja˨tʰja˨lə˧ ʂɛ˦plɔ˨/priest n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤜꤢꤒꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤖꤢ

/prɛ˨ lu˧tja˧tɛ˨ pʰu˦/; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤜꤢꤒꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ

prime minister n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤋꤢꤘꤢ /prɛ˨ kʰja˦kʰu˨du˨/

principal n ꤞꤛꤥꤜꤤꤟꤥꤋꤢ /ʂwo˦li˨ho˧kʰu˨/; headmaster

prioritize v ꤘꤛꤢꤘꤢꤚꤟꤢ /dja˨du˨re˦ /prison n ꤕꤟꤥꤊꤢ /po˨ku˧/; der. ꤜꤟꤢꤘꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ

ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤕꤟꤥꤊꤢ

prisoner n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤓꤢ /prɛ˨ ta˧ tʰɔ˧/prize n ꤏꤛꤢꤐꤟꤢ /ʃje˧zu˦/probably adv ꤊꤥꤜꤢ /ko˧le˨/problem n ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢ /tɛ˨ pja˦ tɛ ˨ sʰɛ˧/;

difficulty; trouble

proclaim v ꤘꤛꤢꤏꤥꤘꤣꤑꤢ /dja˦sʰo˨də˨ɲa˧/procure v ꤔꤟꤤꤙꤢ /ni ˦ bɛ˨/produce v ꤗꤟꤢꤓꤝꤟꤥꤓꤛꤢ /me˨ tʰwo˧tʰja˨/; cause

to become; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤓꤢ

professor n ꤞꤢꤚꤢꤘꤢ /ʂa˦ra˦du˨/profit n ꤙꤝꤤ /bwi˦/; der. ꤙꤝꤤꤥ; ꤙꤝꤤꤘꤢ

profitable adj ꤓꤝꤟꤥꤙꤝꤤꤓꤝꤟꤥꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢ /tʰwo˧bwi˦tʰwo˧ta˨rje˧/

profound adj ꤡꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢ /dʒɔ˦ za˧ /; serious; deep

promise v ꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ɔ˦lja˨ /; der. ꤣꤜꤟꤛꤢ ꤍꤟꤥ;

ꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤜꤟꤛꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤙꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤔꤟꤤ /tɛ˨ bja˧lja˨ ni ˦ / n

ꤒꤟꤢꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ɔ˦lja˨ /; ꤒꤟꤢꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤜꤟꤛꤢ v ꤙꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /bja˧lja˨ /

prone adj ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤟꤌꤣ /ta˨klɯᵊ˧/; i.e. sleep on your stomach

property n ꤟꤢꤋꤢꤔꤟꤤꤘꤢ /he˨kʰu˨ni ˦ dɯ˦/; estate; der. ꤟꤢꤋꤢꤘꤛꤢꤘꤢ

prophecy n ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤥꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ he˦pro˨he˦prja˧ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤥ;

ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤥꤥꤔꤟꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤥꤔꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ he˦o˨ne˨ /

prophesy v ꤕꤚꤟꤥ /pro˨/ v ꤟꤢꤥꤔꤟꤢ /he˦o˨ne˨ /; foretell or say beforehand

prophet n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤥ /prɛ˨ pro˨/prophetess n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤥꤗꤟꤌꤣ /prɛ˨ pro˨mɯᵊ/

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prosper v ꤢꤙꤢꤥꤓꤝꤟꤥ /e˨bɛ˨o˧tʰwo˧/prostitute n ꤟꤤꤗꤢꤖꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣ /hi˨ma˦pʰɛ˨mɯᵊ˦/protect v ꤒꤢꤊꤢꤒꤢꤊꤢ /ta˨kɔ˦ta˨kɛ˨/; der.

ꤒꤢꤊꤢꤔꤟꤤ; ꤒꤢꤊꤢꤙꤤꤔꤟꤤ v ꤜꤟꤢꤒꤢꤘꤛꤢ /le˦ ta˨dja˧/; protect from like a shield v

ꤘꤝꤥꤞꤢ /dwo˦ʂɛ˦/proud adj ꤘꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤜꤣ ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ /dja˨tʰja˨lə˧

ʂɛ˦plɔ˨/; der. ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤘꤢ; ꤘꤛꤢꤘꤢꤔꤟꤢ;

ꤖꤛꤢꤘꤢꤔꤟꤢ adj ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤕꤣ /dʒje˦ pə˦/; der. ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤘꤢ

prove v ꤋꤛꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /kʰja˦lɯᵊ˧/proverb n ꤍꤟꤥꤋꤢꤋꤥ /ŋo˦kʰa˦kʰo˨/pull v ꤡꤝꤤ /ʤwi˨/; drag v ꤤꤐꤢ /i˨zɛ˦/; pull up by

the roots v ꤙꤢꤥ /ba˦o˨kja˧/; pull a boat up onto the shore v ꤡꤢ /dʒɯ˦/ v ꤓꤢ /tʰɔ˦/; pull out with a jerk

pull tight phr ꤡꤝꤤꤊꤚꤟꤢ /dʒwi˨kre˨ /; der. ꤡꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ

pull up phr ꤡꤝꤤꤓꤛꤢ /dʒwi˨tʰja˨/pull down phr ꤡꤝꤤꤒꤟꤢ /dʒwi˨ta˧ /pull out phr ꤡꤝꤤꤓꤢ /dʒwi˨tʰe˨/ v ꤋꤢꤓꤢ

/kʰa˦tʰe˨/; pull out a nail v ꤓꤢꤓꤢ /tʰɔ˦tʰe˨/; pull out with a jerk

pull together phr ꤡꤝꤤꤕꤜꤢꤓꤢꤕꤜꤢ /dʒwi˨plɔ˦tʰɔ˦plɔ˦/; assemble the people

pulse n ꤞꤝꤤꤕꤟꤢ /ʂwi˨pa˦ /pump n ꤡꤢ ꤜꤟꤢꤡꤝꤤꤓꤛꤢ /dʒɛ˦ le˦ dʒwi˦tʰje˧/;

water pump n ꤜꤟꤢꤏꤢ ꤊꤟꤢꤜꤢꤞꤢ /le˦ sʰa˦ ke˦ la˨ʂɛ˦/; air pump

pumpkin n ꤜꤟꤢꤟꤢꤞꤢ /lɯ˦he˧ʂɛ˨/punch v ꤕꤜꤢ /plu˦/; strike with your fist

punctual v ꤏꤛꤣꤋꤢꤒꤥ /ʃɯᵊkʰɛ˧to˧/puncture v ꤊꤤꤕꤜꤥ /ki˧plo˧/punish v ꤡꤤꤚꤛꤢ /ʤi˨rja˨/; sentence for a crime v

ꤕꤜꤤ /pli˦/; spank, hit or punish

punishment n ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤤꤚꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ʤi˨rja˨/ n

ꤍꤢꤚꤢ /ŋa˨ra˨/; reference to hell

pupil n ꤋꤥꤕꤢꤡꤟꤢ /kʰo˧pa˨ʤɛ˦ /pure v ꤥꤡꤢꤥꤏꤢꤘꤢ /o˨ʤa˧o˨sʰɛ˧dɯ˨/; to be holy

or pure; der. ꤡꤢꤏꤢ adj ꤏꤛꤣꤖꤢ /ʃɯᵊ˧pʰa˧/; only; purely

purify v ꤗꤟꤢꤗꤝꤟꤥꤕꤜꤤꤞꤤꤕꤜꤥ /me˨ mwo˧ pli˧ʂi˧plo˨/; to make clean v

ꤙꤢꤡꤢꤏꤢ /be˨dʒa˧sʰɛ˧/; to make holy

purple n ꤒꤢꤖꤢꤜꤢꤞꤢ /ta˨pʰɛ˨lɔ˦ʂɔ˧/; der. ꤒꤢꤖꤢꤢ

purpose n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤐꤛꤢꤥꤔꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ta˨zje˨o˨ne˨ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤐꤛꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤐꤛꤢ ꤗꤛꤢꤏꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤤ ꤥꤔꤟꤢ

purposeful v ꤊꤜꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢ /kle˨ me˦ /; to do wrong on purpose; der. ꤊꤜꤟꤢꤟꤢ; ꤊꤜꤟꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢ

purse n ꤚꤢꤓꤢ /rɯ˧tʰɔ˧/; der. ꤚꤢꤊꤢ n

ꤕꤟꤛꤢꤟꤥ /pje˧ ho˦/; bag; der. ꤚꤢꤕꤟꤛꤢ

pursue v ꤜꤟꤢ /lɯ˨/; chase

push v ꤏꤛꤢ /ʃja˨/ v ꤓꤢꤜꤢꤡꤛꤣ /tʰɔ˧lu˨ʤɯᵊ˦/; blow; driving wind v ꤓꤢ /tʰu˨/ v ꤒꤣ /tə˦/; move with force v ꤢ /ɔ˧/; to push with the head

push down phr ꤏꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ʃja˨ta˧ /; der. ꤏꤛꤢꤜꤢꤒꤟꤢ; ꤏꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ

push forward phr ꤘꤝꤤꤟꤛꤢꤒꤥ /dwi˦hja˧to˧/put v ꤙꤢ /be˨/ v ꤘꤛꤢ /dja˨/ v ꤏꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ

/sʰu˨nɯᵊ˧/; to place inside; der. ꤘꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ v

ꤊꤛꤢ /kja˦/; to wear (put on) glasses or shoes

put in and pull out phr ꤊꤢꤜꤟꤢꤤꤖꤌꤣ /ka˨lṳ˧i˨pʰə˦/ v ꤊꤢꤜꤟꤢ

put up phr ꤘꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ /dja˨tʰja˨/; to place in a higher location

put in phr ꤙꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /bɔ˦nɯᵊ˧/putrid adj ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤞꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤗꤟꤛꤢ

/nɯᵊ˨ʂɔ˧nɯᵊ˨mja˦ /

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Q q

quarrel n ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤍꤢ /tɛ˨ klje˦tɛ˨ ŋa˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤜꤢꤍꤢꤜꤢ v ꤊꤚꤢꤊꤚꤟꤛꤢ /kre˦krja˦ /; der. ꤊꤚꤢ; ꤊꤚꤟꤛꤢꤏꤢ;

ꤊꤚꤢꤊꤚꤟꤛꤢꤏꤢ; ꤊꤜꤛꤢ; ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤏꤢ; ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤜꤢ

quarter n ꤜꤝꤟꤤꤕꤝꤤꤒꤣꤕꤝꤤ /lwi ˧ pwi˦tə˨pwi˦/; one fourth

queen n ꤋꤝꤤꤗꤟꤌꤣ /kʰwi˦mɯᵊ/quenched v ꤥꤊꤢꤥꤙꤢ /o˧kɔ˦o˧ba˧/; to have drunk

enough

question v ꤏꤢꤘꤛꤢ /sʰu˨dja˧/; der. ꤏꤢꤘꤛꤢꤏꤢꤡꤟꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢꤘꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ sʰu˨dja˧/ v

ꤏꤢꤘꤛꤢꤗꤛꤢ /sʰu˨dja˧mja˦/; der. ꤓꤢꤡꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢ

question marker -ꤒꤢ /-te˧/; what, where, how, why, who questions ꤟꤟꤢ /ɛ˧ /; yes-no question marker

questioning n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢꤘꤛꤢꤡꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ sʰu˨dja˧ʤe˨ mja˦/; examination by questioning

quick-tempered adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤓꤛꤢꤕꤚꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨tʰja˨prja˧/; der. ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣ

quickly adv ꤕꤚꤛꤢ /prja˧/; der. ꤜꤟꤢꤕꤚꤛꤢ adv

ꤗꤢ /mɔ˧/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤗꤢ

quiet adj ꤞꤛꤣꤊꤚꤢꤞꤛꤣꤊꤚꤢ /ʂɯᵊ˨krɯ˦ʂɯᵊ˨kre˧/; in reference to a quiet place; der. ꤥꤞꤛꤣꤥꤊꤚꤢ adj ꤏꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /sʰa˧prɛ˦ /; in reference to people

quit v ꤜꤟꤢꤜꤤꤘꤢ /la˦ li˧dɯ˨/; resign

quiver n ꤕꤜꤢꤊꤢ /plɛ˦kɔ˧/quote markers n ꤓꤢꤙꤤ /tʰɛ˦bi˦/; right closing

marker n ꤓꤢꤗꤟꤥ /tʰɛ˦mo˧ /; left opening marker

R r

rabbit n ꤘꤢꤞꤢ /da˧ʂɛ˨/; der. ꤘꤢꤞꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣ n

ꤘꤢꤞꤢꤗꤟꤤ /da˧ʂɛ˨mi ˨ /; wild rabbit

race v ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤘꤤꤡꤢ /klja˨di˦ʤɛ˧/; run in competition n ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ ꤘꤤꤡꤢ /tɛ˨ klja˨ di˦ʤɛ˧/

raft n ꤓꤥ /tʰo˦/rage v ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤘꤢ ꤜꤤꤊꤢꤞꤝꤤ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨du˨

li˨ka˨ʂwi˦/rain v ꤊꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢ /ke˦ ʤɯ˨/ v ꤡꤟꤢ /ʤɯ˨/; rain

down on; der. ꤡꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ

rainbow n ꤓꤛꤢꤜꤢꤗꤟꤢꤏꤢ /tʰje˧la˨mɔ˦ sʰa˦/rainwater n ꤊꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ke˦ ʤɯ˨tʰje˧/rainy season phr ꤊꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢꤋꤢ /ke˦ ʤɯ˨kʰɛ˧/raise v ꤙꤟꤌꤣ /bɯᵊ˨/; to feed, raise livestock; der.

ꤙꤟꤌꤣꤢ

raisin n ꤎꤢꤕꤤꤞꤢꤊꤚꤢ /sa˨pi˦ʂɛ˨kra˧/

rake n ꤤꤋꤝꤤ /i˨kʰwi˦/rat n ꤐꤟꤌꤣ /zɯᵊ/rather adv ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤣꤋꤥꤔꤛꤣ /ma˦ tə˨kʰo˦nɯᵊ˨/; on

the contrary

rattan n ꤚꤟꤤ /ri ˦ /raven n ꤡꤢꤠꤢ /ʤɔ˦vɛ˨/raw adj ꤞꤤꤞꤢ /ʂi˦ʂɔ˧/; uncooked

razor n ꤜꤟꤢꤤꤡꤤꤊꤛꤢ ꤋꤢꤏꤢ ꤟꤤꤘꤢ /le˦ i˨dʒi˨kja˧ kʰɛ˨ʃɯ˧ hi˦dɯ˨/

reach v ꤒꤟꤌꤣꤙꤢ /tɯᵊbɛ˦/; der. ꤒꤟꤌꤣꤙꤢ

read v ꤟꤣ /hə˦/ready v ꤥꤒꤢꤚꤤꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢ /o˨ta˨ri˨ta˨rja˧/; ꤥꤒꤢꤚꤤ

real adj ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤢꤊꤥ /ma˦ la˨ko˧/; true; der. ꤢꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ

realize v ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤒꤟꤌꤣ /ta˨ne˨ tɯᵊ˦/

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really adv ꤔꤛꤢ /nja˧/; sure adv

ꤏꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤑꤢꤡꤢ /sʰa˧prɛ˦ ɲa˨ʤɛ˧/ adv

ꤊꤢꤔꤟꤥ꤮ ꤒꤥ /ka˨no˦ to˨/ adv ꤏꤢꤜꤟꤢ /sʰa˦le˦ /; used when their is doubt-is it really good? adv ꤗꤟꤢꤘꤢ /ma˦ dɯ˨/; is true

reap v ꤊꤢꤢ /kɛ˦e˨/; der. ꤊꤢꤊꤟꤢ v ꤤꤚꤛꤢ /i˨rja˧/; slash and cut

reason v ꤊꤚꤟꤛꤢꤞꤛꤢꤊꤚꤟꤛꤢꤥ /krja˦ ʂje˧krja˦ o˨/; der. ꤜꤟꤢꤓꤝꤥꤋꤛꤢ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤚꤤ /tɛ˨ ri˨/rebel v ꤠꤢ /vɯ˦/; der. ꤏꤢꤏꤢ

rebuke v ꤞꤢꤕꤚꤝꤟꤥꤞꤢꤜꤟꤤ /ʂɛ˦prwo˧ʂɛ˦li ˨ /; der. ꤞꤢꤕꤚꤝꤟꤥ

recall v ꤥꤞꤢꤔꤟꤢ /o˨ʂe˦ne˦ /receipt n ꤚꤟꤤꤎꤤ /ri ˨ si˦/receive v ꤔꤟꤤꤙꤢ /ni ˦ bɛ˨/; der. ꤔꤟꤤ; ꤔꤟꤤꤊꤚꤢ v

ꤋꤢꤒꤟꤢ /kʰa˨tɛ˨ /not yet received v ꤔꤟꤤꤙꤢ ꤟꤤꤒꤥ /ni ˦ bɛ˨

hi˦to˨/recently prep ꤕꤟꤢꤔꤢ /pa˦ nu˨/; a short while ago;

der. ꤘꤣꤕꤢꤔꤢ

reciprocate v ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /me˨ lje˧ /recognize v ꤒꤥꤗꤢꤔꤟꤤ /to˧ma˨ni ˦ /reconcile v ꤗꤟꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢ

/me˨ krɯ˧me˨ klɛ˧/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢ

record n ꤒꤟꤢꤚꤢꤗꤢꤚꤢꤘꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ra˧ma˦ra˧dja˧/; census; divorce certificate; etc.; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤚꤢꤗꤢ v ꤚꤢꤗꤢꤚꤢꤘꤛꤢ /ra˧ma˦ra˧dja˧/; write-record; der. ꤚꤢꤗꤢ; ꤘꤛꤢꤗꤢ n ꤜꤤꤚꤢꤗꤢꤚꤢꤘꤛꤢ /li˨ra˧ma˦ra˧dja˧/; written record; bill

recount v ꤘꤛꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢ /dja˨ tɛ˨ dja˦/; to tell a story

recover v ꤛꤢꤋꤛꤢ /ja˨kʰje˨/; get better; der. ꤛꤢꤋꤛꤢꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤥ; ꤥꤗꤟꤥꤥꤏꤢ ꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ; ꤛꤢꤋꤢ v ꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤥ /hja˧to˦/ v ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤ

ꤏꤤꤗꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ʃwi˦ ʃi˧me˦ /; lit. sickness-disappear

recruit n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤖꤢꤞꤢ /klje˧pʰu˦ʂɛ˧/; new soldier

rectum n ꤋꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢꤊꤢ /kʰa˧plje˦ku˧/red adj ꤜꤟꤤ /li ˨ /Red Karen n ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤜꤟꤤꤖꤢ /ka˨ja˧li ˨ pʰu˦/; lit.

human-red-people

redeem v ꤤꤓꤢꤊꤟꤢ /i˨tʰa˨ka˨ /; der. ꤤꤓꤢ

redemption n ꤒꤟꤢꤤꤓꤢꤊꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ i˨tʰa˨ka˨ /reduce v ꤙꤢꤒꤟꤢꤛꤝꤥ /be˨ta˧ jwo˨/; lower the

price v ꤞꤢꤘꤥꤒꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦do˧ta˧ /; decrease the speed

reflection n ꤚꤢꤏꤥ /ra˨sʰo˧/refrigerator n ꤓꤛꤢꤋꤛꤢꤒꤣ /tʰje˧kʰja˦tə˦/refugee n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤙꤢꤕꤟꤛꤢꤙꤢꤏꤢ

/prɛ˨ bɛ˨pja˦ bɛ˨sʰɛ/refuse n ꤞꤢꤞꤝꤤꤞꤢꤘꤢ /ʂɔ˨ʂwi˦ʂɔ˨dɔ˧/; trash; der.

ꤞꤢꤞꤝꤤ v ꤛꤥ /jo˨/regularly adv ꤒꤥꤙꤢ /to˧bɛ˨/reject v ꤞꤢꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤒꤢꤖꤢꤊꤛꤢ

/ʂɔ˦ta˨na˦ ta˨pʰa˧kja˧/rejoicing n ꤞꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣꤖꤢꤖꤢ /ʂɛ˦lɯᵊpʰɔ˨pʰɯ˧/ n

ꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢꤞꤢꤜꤟꤢ /le˦ ʂɛ˦krɯ˧ʂɛ˦lɔ˧ /relative n ꤊꤜꤝꤤꤜꤛꤢ /klwi˧lja˧/; der.

ꤊꤜꤝꤤꤜꤛꤢꤚꤛꤢ

release v ꤕꤜꤝꤥ /plwo˧/; der. ꤕꤜꤝꤥꤓꤢ

religion n ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤢꤙꤢꤡꤢꤙꤢ /tɛ˨ dzɔ˦bu˨dʒɔ˦bɛ˧/remain v ꤥꤊꤛꤢ /o˨kja˧/remember v ꤞꤢꤔꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˦ne˦ tʰja˨/; der.

ꤞꤢꤔꤟꤢ; ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ; ꤥꤞꤢꤔꤟꤢ; ꤞꤢꤑꤢ ꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ v ꤒꤥꤗꤢꤔꤟꤤ /to˧ma˨ni ˦ /; der. ꤒꤥꤔꤟꤤ

remembrance n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤔꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦ne˦ tʰja˨/remind v ꤘꤛꤢꤞꤢꤔꤟꤢ /dje˦ʂɛ˦ne˦ /; der.

ꤘꤛꤢꤞꤢꤔꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ

remove v ꤕꤜꤝꤥꤓꤢ /plwo˦tʰe˨/; take off or remove clothing or other items; der. ꤕꤜꤝꤥꤊꤛꤢ v ꤒꤢꤋꤝꤥ /ta˨kʰwo˦/; to remove something from the eye

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renewal adj ꤞꤢꤒꤢꤕꤜꤢ /ʂɛ˧ta˨ple˨/; to replace with a new one

rent v ꤤꤕꤚꤟꤤꤊꤟꤌꤣ /i˨pri ˨ kɯᵊ/; to rent something (house, etc.) v ꤋꤛꤢꤢ /kʰja˧e˨/ v

ꤤꤕꤚꤟꤤꤊꤟꤌꤣ /i˨pri ˨ kɯᵊ/; to rent something (house, etc.)

repair v ꤗꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ /me˨ rja˦ka˨ kʰje˧/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢ ꤋꤛꤢꤞꤛꤢ

repay v ꤕꤜꤢ ꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ /pla˦ ka˨ kʰje˧/; to pay back money owed v ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤏꤢ ꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ /me˨ lje˧ sʰɯ˨ ka˨ kʰje˧/; retaliate; take revenge upon

repeat v ꤟꤢꤕꤟꤥꤞꤛꤢ /he˦po˦ʂja˦/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤟꤥꤞꤛꤢ

repent v ꤕꤟꤛꤢꤛꤢꤏꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /pja˦ jɛ˦ʃja˨lja˨ /; der. ꤕꤟꤛꤢꤛꤢꤏꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢ; ꤕꤟꤛꤢꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ; ꤕꤟꤛꤢꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢ v ꤐꤟꤢ /za˨ /

repentance n ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤟꤛꤢꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢꤞꤢ /tɛ˨ pja˦ jɛ˦lja˨ ka˨ ʂɛ˦/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤟꤛꤢꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢ

replace v ꤞꤢꤒꤢꤕꤜꤢ /ʂɛ˧ta˨ple˨/reply v ꤟꤢꤏꤢ /he˦sʰɯ˨/; der. ꤟꤢꤏꤢꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤏꤢ /tɛ˨ he˦sʰɯ˨/report v ꤘꤛꤢꤏꤥꤜꤟꤌꤣ /dja˦sʰo˨lɯᵊ˧/; to tell or

report something

reptile n ꤚꤟꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢ ꤒꤢꤓꤢ /ru˦plja˦ ta˨tʰɛ˦/reputation n ꤗꤝꤟꤤꤜꤢꤚꤛꤢ /mwi ˨ la˨rja˦/; good

name

request v ꤊꤝꤤ /kwi˧/ v ꤔꤢ /nɔ˧/request extra phr ꤊꤝꤤꤜꤣꤊꤝꤤꤊꤜꤢ

/kwi˧lə˦kwi˧klɔ˧/request help phr ꤊꤝꤤꤗꤟꤢꤡꤝꤟꤥ

/kwi˧me˨ ʤwo˦ /request mercy phr ꤊꤝꤤꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ

/kwi˧ʂɛ˦zɔ˨ tʰja˨/request strongly phr ꤊꤝꤤꤏꤛꤥ /kwi˧ʃjo˨/request to be paid back phr ꤊꤝꤤꤕꤜꤢ

/kwi˧pla˦/

request to borrow phr ꤊꤝꤤꤙꤢꤊꤝꤤꤜꤟꤥ /kwi˧bɔ˨kwi˧lo˦/

request to drink phr ꤊꤝꤤꤥ /kwi˧o˧/request to eat phr ꤊꤝꤤꤢꤏꤢ /kwi˧e˨sʰɛ˨/; der.

ꤊꤝꤤꤢ

request to go phr ꤊꤝꤤꤡꤛꤣ /kwi˧ʤɯᵊ/request to leave phr ꤊꤝꤤꤓꤢ /kwi˧tʰe˨/request to see phr ꤊꤝꤤꤗꤛꤢ /kwi˧mja˦/

rescue v ꤗꤟꤢꤏꤤꤕꤜꤢꤊꤟꤢ /me˨ ʃi˧plɛ˦ka˨ /resemble v ꤜꤟꤛꤢ /lja˨ / v ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤑꤟꤢꤜꤢ

/krɯ˨ɲa˨ lu˧/; der. ꤚꤢꤘꤢꤜꤢ

reserve v ꤟꤢꤔꤢꤘꤢ /he˦ne˨dɯ˨/resign v ꤜꤟꤢꤜꤤꤘꤢ /la˦ li˧dɯ˨/resist v ꤋꤢꤏꤢꤏꤢ /kʰa˨sʰa˦ʃɯ˧/; fight in defense

respect v ꤐꤟꤢꤑꤟꤢ /zɯ˦ɲa˦ /; der. ꤙꤢꤐꤟꤢꤙꤢꤑꤟꤢ; ꤘꤛꤢꤘꤢꤐꤟꤢꤑꤟꤢ v ꤞꤢꤑꤟꤢꤞꤢꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦ɲa˦ ʂɛ˦ta˨rɛ˧ / v

ꤙꤢꤘꤢ /be˨du˨/respond v -ꤏꤢ /-sʰɯ˨/; in reply; der. ꤏꤢꤋꤛꤢ v

ꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ /he˦ka˨ kʰje˧/responsibility n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢꤋꤢ /tɛ˨ dja˨kʰu˨/rest v ꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣ /o˨kɯᵊ/; pause to take a rest; der.

ꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣꤞꤢꤙꤢ; ꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣꤜꤢ n ꤜꤟꤢꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣ ꤒꤢꤙꤢꤞꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /le˦ o˨kɯᵊ ta˨bɛ˦θɛ˦pra˦ /

restaurant n ꤏꤢꤢꤏꤢꤥꤊꤜꤢ /sʰɛ˨e˨sʰɛ˨o˧klɛ˦/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤢꤏꤢꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ

restore v ꤘꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ /dje˦ka˨ kʰje˧/; return; give back

restored adj ꤚꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ /rja˦ka˨ kʰje˧/resurrect v ꤞꤛꤢꤤꤓꤢꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ

/ʂje˧i˨tʰɔ˨ka˨ kʰje˧/; der. ꤞꤛꤢꤤꤓꤢꤊꤟꤢ;

ꤞꤛꤢꤤꤓꤢ; ꤤꤓꤢꤓꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ

resurrection n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢꤤꤓꤢ ꤓꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ ꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂje˧i˨tʰɔ˨ tʰwo˧prɛ˨ ka˨ kʰje˧/

retaliate v ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤏꤢ ꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ /me˨ lje˧ sʰɯ˨ ka˨ kʰje˧/

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retreat v ꤞꤢꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ /ʂɔ˦ka˨ kʰje˧/; der. ꤞꤢꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢ

return v ꤊꤟꤢ /ka˨ /; der. ꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ v

ꤘꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ /dje˦ka˨ kʰje˧/; give back

return and ask phr ꤊꤟꤢꤏꤢꤘꤛꤢ /ka˨ sʰu˨dja˧/return and complete phr ꤊꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤓꤛꤣ

/ka˨ me˨ tʰɯᵊ˧/return and do phr ꤊꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢ /ka˨ me˨ /return and drink phr ꤊꤟꤢꤥ /ka˨ o˧/return and eat phr ꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤢ /ka˨ kʰje˧e˨/return and explain phr ꤊꤟꤢꤟꤢꤏꤥꤜꤟꤌꤣ

/ka˨ he˦sʰo˨lɯᵊ˧/return and give phr ꤊꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢ /ka˨ dje˦/return and live phr ꤊꤟꤢꤥ /ka˨ o˨/return and meet phr ꤊꤟꤢꤥꤊꤢ /ka˨ o˨ku˦/return and place inside phr ꤊꤟꤢꤏꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ

/ka˨ sʰu˨nɯᵊ˧/return and report-share phr

ꤊꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /ka˨ dja˦lɯᵊ˧/return and say phr ꤊꤟꤢꤟꤢ /ka˨ he˦/return and send phr ꤊꤟꤢꤞꤢ /ka˨ ʂu˧/return and sit phr ꤊꤟꤢꤥꤔꤛꤢ /ka˨ o˨nja˧/return and stay phr ꤊꤟꤢꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣ /ka˨ o˨kɯᵊ˧/return and visit phr ꤊꤟꤢꤥꤜꤢ /ka˨ o˨le˧/return and arrive phr ꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤒꤟꤌꤣ

/ka˨ kʰje˧tɯᵊ/return and enter phr ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ

/ka˨ ka˨nɯᵊ˧/; der. ꤊꤟꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ

return good phr ꤊꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢꤚꤛꤢ /ka˨ rja˦rja˦/; blessing given to those leaving; der. ꤊꤟꤢꤗꤟꤥꤗꤟꤥ

return and see phr ꤊꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ka˨ mja˦tʰje˨/

return with phr ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤌꤣ /ka˨ kɯᵊ˧/returned v ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ /ka˨ kja˧/

reveal v ꤘꤛꤢꤓꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /dje˦tʰe˨lɯᵊ˧/; der. ꤘꤛꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣꤗꤛꤢ; ꤜꤟꤌꤣ

revelation n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣꤓꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ dje˦lɯᵊ˧tʰja˨/

reverberate v ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤟꤢꤊꤢꤐꤟꤌꤣ /ta˨plɔ˨ ka˨zɯᵊ˧/; der. ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤟꤢ

revolver n ꤏꤤꤑꤟꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣ /ʃi˦ɲa˨ pʰɯᵊ˨/reward n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤔꤟꤤꤋꤝꤥꤊꤢ

/tɛ˨ me˨ ni ˦ kʰwo˦kɛ˨/rhinoceros n ꤡꤢ /dʒu˦/rib n ꤚꤟꤢꤊꤚꤝꤤ /rɔ˧ krwi˦/rice n ꤘꤤ /di˧/; cooked rice; der. ꤘꤤꤞꤢ n

ꤙꤟꤌꤣ /bɯᵊ/; uncooked rice; der. ꤟꤌꤣ

rice plant n ꤙꤟꤌꤣꤗꤟꤢ /bɯᵊ˦mɔ˦ /; der. ꤙꤟꤌꤣꤞꤢ

rice sack n ꤟꤌꤣꤓꤢ /hə˧tʰɔ˧/rich adj ꤢꤙꤢꤥꤓꤥ /e˨bɛ˨o˧tʰo˧/ n

ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤘꤢꤐꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢꤞꤢ /prɛ˨ du˨za˦ tʰja˨ʂɛ˧/; person who is rich; der. ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤘꤢꤐꤟꤢ; ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤘꤢꤐꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢꤞꤢꤖꤢ adj ꤘꤢꤐꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢꤞꤢ /du˨za˦ tʰja˨ʂɛ˧/; der. ꤘꤢꤐꤟꤢ

ride v ꤏꤤꤘꤛꤢ /ʃi˨dja˦/; der. ꤏꤤꤘꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ

ride and go phr ꤏꤤꤘꤛꤢꤡꤛꤣ /ʃi˨dja˦ʤɯᵊ/ridicule v ꤑꤢꤊꤚꤌꤣ /ɲe˧krɯᵊ˧/right adv ꤡꤢꤓꤝꤥ /ʤɔ˦tʰwo˦/; right hand side adj

ꤡꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ʤɔ˦te˨ /; righteous adj ꤒꤥ /to˧/; correct; der. ꤢꤒꤥ

right-handed adj ꤒꤢꤋꤢ ꤡꤢꤓꤝꤥ /ta˨kʰu˨ dʒɔ˦tʰwo˦/

righteous adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤡꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨ʤɔ˦/; lit. straight heart; der. ꤥꤡꤢꤥꤒꤟꤢ n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤡꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /prɛ˨ ʤɔ˦prɛ˨ te˨ /; der. ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤡꤢꤒꤟꤢ

righteousness n ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ʤɔ˦tɛ˨ ˨˨te˨ /; rightness; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤢꤒꤟꤢ

ring n ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤥ /ta˨plo˦/; der. ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤝꤥ

rinse v ꤡꤟꤢꤕꤜꤤ /dʒe˨ pli˧/; immerse to clean

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riot n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤢꤒꤢꤕꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ta˨rɯ˧ta˨pja˧/; riots; revolutions v ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤢꤒꤢꤕꤛꤢ /me˨ ta˨rɯ˧ta˨pja˧/; cause commotion or uproar

rioting n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢꤏꤤꤏꤢꤏꤢ /tɛ˨ sʰu˦ʃi˧sʰu˦sʰa˦/rip n ꤓꤢꤒꤢꤛꤝꤤ /tʰɔ˦ta˨jwi˦/; a tear; der. ꤓꤢꤐꤟꤢ

v ꤜꤢꤐꤟꤢ /la˨za˧ /; to tear; der. ꤜꤢꤐꤟꤢ

ripe adj ꤗꤤ /mi˧/ adj ꤒꤥꤊꤢ /to˧kɛ˦/; ready to harvest adj ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢꤟꤢ /prɛ˦ tʰa˨hɔ˦/

rise v ꤑꤟꤢꤊꤢꤓꤢ /ɲa˧ ka˨tʰɔ˨/ v ꤋꤟꤌꤣꤓꤛꤢ /kʰɯᵊ˨tʰja˨/; when smoke or mist rises

river n ꤓꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣ /tʰje˧lja˧ mɯᵊ/; der. ꤜꤟꤛꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣ

flowing river v ꤓꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤋꤥ /tʰje˧lja˦ tʰje˧kʰo˧/

riverbed n ꤜꤟꤛꤢ /lja˧ /; dry river bed

road n ꤊꤜꤛꤢ /klja˦/; street; der. ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤊꤢ;

ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤜꤟꤥ

roadside n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤓꤢ /klja˦tʰɯ˧/roadway n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤡꤛꤣ /klja˦ʤɯᵊ/; way to go

roar v ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ /kɔ˦ kru˦/; der. ꤊꤟꤢ;

ꤊꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ

roast v ꤤꤋꤢ /i˨kʰɛ˨/rob v ꤢꤟꤌꤣꤢꤟꤤ /e˨ɯᵊ˨e˨hi˦/; der. ꤢꤟꤌꤣ;

ꤕꤟꤢꤖꤢꤛꤢꤕꤜꤢ; ꤕꤟꤢꤖꤢ; ꤕꤟꤢꤖꤢꤛꤢꤕꤜꤢꤖꤢ v ꤖꤛꤢꤖꤢ /pʰje˦pʰe˨/ v

ꤕꤟꤢꤖꤢꤛꤢꤕꤜꤢꤖꤢ /pɯ˦pʰe˨jɛ˦plɛ˦pʰe˨/robber n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢꤖꤢ ꤛꤢꤕꤜꤢꤖꤢ ꤢ

/prɛ˨ pɯ˦pʰe˨ jɛ˦plɛ˦pʰe˨ u˧/ n

ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣꤢꤟꤤ /prɛ˨ e˨hɯᵊ˨e˨hi˦/robe n ꤡꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢꤓꤢ /ʤa˨ klɔ˧tʰu˧/; lit. long outer

shirt; der. ꤡꤟꤢꤡꤝꤟꤥꤊꤢꤚꤟꤥ

rock n ꤜꤟꤢ /lɔ˦ / v ꤊꤢꤊꤜꤤ /kɔ˦kli˦/; usually used when a boat rocks back and forth

rocks n ꤜꤟꤢꤕꤜꤤꤜꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢ /lɔ˦ pli˧lɔ˦ plɛ˨/roll v ꤓꤢꤜꤢ /tʰu˨lɔ˧/; der. ꤓꤢꤜꤢ

ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤢꤒꤢꤕꤜꤢ v ꤒꤢꤜꤢ /ta˨lu˧/ v ꤜꤢꤜꤢ /la˨lɔ˧/

roll up v ꤓꤢꤜꤢꤘꤝꤥ /tʰu˨lu˧dwo˦/roof n ꤟꤤꤋꤢꤊꤜꤝꤥ /hi˨kʰu˨klwo˦/; der. ꤟꤤꤋꤢ;

ꤟꤤꤋꤢꤊꤜꤝꤥ ꤒꤢꤙꤛꤢꤋꤢ

room n ꤚꤥ /ro˧/; der. ꤚꤥꤊꤢ

rooster n ꤏꤛꤢꤖꤢ /ʃje˧pʰɛ˧/rooster crow n ꤏꤛꤢꤤꤢꤒꤢꤐꤛꤢ

/ʃje˧i˨u˨ta˨zjɛ˧/root n ꤞꤢꤚꤝꤟꤤ /ʂɔ˨rwi ˦ / v ꤊꤢꤔꤢꤢ /ka˨nu˦e˨/;

when a pig roots up dirt

rope n ꤏꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢ /sʰu˨plje˨/; der. ꤕꤜꤛꤢ

rope tree n ꤞꤢꤋꤝꤤ /ʂɔ˨kʰwi˨/roselle n ꤒꤢꤖꤛꤢꤏꤛꤢꤜꤢ /ta˨pʰja˦ʃje˨lɛ˨/; der.

ꤙꤢꤏꤛꤢꤜꤢ

rot v ꤞꤢ /ʂɔ˧/; der. ꤞꤢꤕꤛꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤒꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ θɔ˧tɛ˨ lɔ˨ /

rotate v ꤓꤢꤒꤢꤚꤤ /tʰu˨ta˨ri˦/; der. ꤒꤢꤚꤟꤤ

rotten adj ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤞꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤢ /nɯᵊ˨ʂɔ˧nɯᵊ˨u˧/; der. ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤞꤢ adj ꤊꤚꤢꤕꤢꤢ /krɛ˦pa˨u˧/

rough adj ꤒꤢꤕꤚꤤꤒꤢꤕꤚꤢ /ta˨pri˧ta˨pru˦/ adj ꤞꤝꤢꤒꤢꤊꤟꤢ /ʂwɛ˦ta˨ka˧ /; coarse; der. ꤞꤝꤢ

round adj ꤒꤢꤜꤢ /ta˨lu˧/; circle; der. ꤒꤢꤜꤢ

ꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ adv ꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ /ta˨vɔ˨ /; to pass by or avoid

rub v ꤤꤞꤤꤕꤜꤤꤊꤛꤢ /i˨ʂi˧pli˧kja˧/; to rub clean v

ꤊꤟꤤꤚꤟꤢ /ki ˦ rɛ˧ /; rub smooth v ꤡꤤꤔꤟꤌꤣ /ʤi˧nɯᵊ˧/; rub into (i.e. salve) v ꤖꤢ /pʰɯ˧/; der. ꤖꤢꤞꤛꤢꤊꤢꤜꤛꤢ

rubber n ꤖꤢꤛꤝꤥ /pʰa˦jwo˦/rubbery adj ꤐꤝꤥ /zwo˧/; der. ꤛꤝꤥ

rudder n ꤞꤢꤤꤕꤟꤢ /ʂɔ˨i˨pɛ˨ /; to steer the boat; der. ꤜꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢ

rue n ꤙꤢꤋꤢꤜꤢ /bɔ˨kʰɛ˨lɛ˨/; plant

ruin n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤚꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ta˧ prɔ˨ ta˧ rɛ˧ /; destruction

rule v ꤕꤣꤒꤢꤚꤤ /pə˦ta˨ri˦/; govern; der. ꤕꤣ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤣꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢ /tɛ˨ pə˦tɛ˨ ʂu˧/; governance, guidance n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤛꤥꤒꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢ

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/tɛ˨ ʂwo˦tɛ˨ ʂja˨/; law

ruler n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤣꤒꤟꤢ /prɛ˨ pə˦tɛ˨ /; ; ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤣ; ;ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤣꤒꤢꤚꤤꤒꤟꤢ ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤣꤓꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢ

ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤣꤓꤛꤢꤕꤣꤊꤟꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤙꤥ /tɯ˨bo˧/; for measuring

rules n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣꤒꤟꤢꤘꤝꤥ /tɛ˨ dɯᵊ˨tɛ˨ dwo˦/rumor v ꤟꤢꤚꤢꤟꤢꤚꤢ /he˦rɔ˨he˦re˨/ v

ꤟꤢꤙꤢꤟꤢꤙꤛꤢ /he˦bɔ˧he˦bje˨/run v ꤊꤜꤛꤢ /klja˨/ v ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ ꤘꤤꤡꤢ /tɛ˨ klja˨

di˦ʤɛ˧/run aground phr ꤏꤢꤗꤢ ꤑꤢꤒꤢꤊꤜꤣ /sʰa˦ma˨

ɲe˦ta˨klə˦/; a ship that runs aground; der. ꤒꤢꤙꤢ ꤥꤒꤟꤛꤢ

run all over phr ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤓꤥꤊꤜꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /klja˨tʰo˧klja˨lja˨ /

run as a group phr ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤕꤜꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤖꤢ /klja˨plu˨klja˨pʰɛ˨/

run back phr ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢ /klja˨ka˨ /run and come see phr ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤟꤛꤢꤗꤛꤢ

/klja˨hja˧mja˦/run down phr ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /klja˨ta˧ /run and go take phr ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤡꤛꤣꤖꤛꤢ

/klja˨ʤɯᵊpʰje˦/run and come in phr ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤟꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ

/klja˨hja˧nɯᵊ˧/run off on phr ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤖꤢ /klja˨pʰe˨/run out phr ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤓꤢ /klja˨tʰe˨/run up phr ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ /klja˨tʰja˨/run away phr ꤓꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /tʰe˨klja˨/; der.

ꤓꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤋꤥ

rush off phr ꤒꤢꤜꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤛꤢ /ta˨lwo˧prja˧/; to run away quickly

Russia n ꤚꤟꤢꤏꤛꤢ ꤓꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢ /ra˦ ʃja˦ tʰje˨ke˦ /rust n ꤓꤢꤤꤓꤢꤊꤚꤢ /tʰe˨i˨tʰe˨krɛ˦/; der.

ꤒꤟꤢꤓꤢꤓꤢꤤ

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S s

sackcloth n ꤟꤛꤢꤙꤢꤡꤟꤢꤙꤢ /hje˨bɔ˦ʤa˨ bɔ˦/sacrifice n ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ lu˧tɛ˨ tja˧/;

offering; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤢꤒꤛꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤢꤒꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ v ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤢꤓꤛꤢ /me˨ lu˧tʰja˨/; to make a sacrifice or offering

sad adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɛ˧ ʂɛ˦zɔ˨ /; der. ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤟꤢ adj ꤗꤢꤞꤢꤕꤛꤢ /mɛ˨ʂɛ˨pje˦/

sadden v ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤟꤢ /me˨ ʂɛ˦plɛ˧ /sadness n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦plɛ˧ /; der.

ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤟꤢꤔꤟꤢꤙꤢ

sail n ꤞꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤘꤢ ꤤꤊꤟꤢꤙꤢꤘꤢ /ʂɔ˨klje˧du˨ i˨kɛ˧ ba˨du˨/

saint n ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤡꤢꤏꤢ /ka˨ja˧ʤa˧sʰɛ˧/; holy person; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤡꤢꤏꤢꤖꤢ; ꤡꤢꤏꤢꤖꤢ

Sal tree n ꤒꤢꤜꤢꤙꤢ /ta˨lɛ˨bɯ˨/salary n ꤜꤢꤋꤝꤥꤜꤢꤊꤢ /lɛ˧kʰwo˦lɛ˧kɛ˨/; der.

ꤜꤢꤊꤢ; ꤊꤢ; ꤢꤋꤝꤥꤢꤊꤢ n ꤚꤢꤊꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /rɯ˧ka˨nɯᵊ˧/

salt n ꤤꤞꤢ /i˨ʂɛ˨/; der. ꤢꤞꤢ

saltiness n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ sʰɯ˧hɛ˧/salty adj ꤏꤢꤟꤢ /sʰɯ˧hɛ˧/salute v ꤘꤛꤢꤐꤟꤢꤑꤟꤢ /dja˨zɯ˦ɲa˦ /; respect

salvation n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤏꤤꤕꤜꤢꤊꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ me˨ ʃi˧plɛ˦ka˨ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤤꤕꤜꤢꤊꤟꤢ;

ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣꤊꤟꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤢꤊꤟꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣꤊꤟꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤜꤢꤓꤢꤊꤟꤢ

/tɛ˨ me˨ lu˧tʰe˨ka˨ /; Catholic term for salvation

same adv ꤞꤛꤢꤔꤢ /a˨ʂja˦na˦/; same as each other; der. ꤞꤛꤢꤜꤢ; ꤞꤛꤢꤋꤛꤢꤜꤢ

sanctified adj ꤡꤢꤏꤢ /dʒa˧sʰɛ˧/; holy

sanctify v ꤗꤟꤢꤡꤢꤏꤢ /me˨ ʤa˧sʰɛ˧/; make holy

sand n ꤜꤟꤢꤒꤢꤗꤢꤗꤢ /lɔ˦ ta˨ma˦mɯ˨/; der. ꤒꤢꤗꤢꤗꤢ n ꤟꤢꤞꤥ /he˨ʂo˧/

sandals n ꤋꤢꤖꤢ /kʰu˨pʰa˦/; der. ꤋꤢꤖꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢ;

ꤋꤢꤖꤢꤓꤛꤢꤢ; ꤋꤢꤘꤛꤢꤖꤢ

sandbar n ꤟꤢꤞꤥꤋꤢ /he˨ʂo˧kʰu˨/sap n ꤞꤢꤡꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ʂɔ˨ʤja˧tʰje˧/; tree sap

sarong n ꤟꤛꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤢ /hje˨prɛ˨ mɔ˨/; sarong for woman

satan n ꤋꤤꤔꤢꤚꤤꤡꤟꤛꤢ ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢ /kʰi˧ne˦ri˨dʒja˦ kʰu˨klɔ˦/; head of demons; devil; der. ꤖꤤꤞꤢꤜꤢ

satisfied adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤗꤤ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨mi˧/Saturday n ꤗꤟꤢꤊꤢꤒꤟꤢ /mɔ˦ ka˨tɔ˨ /sausage n ꤒꤟꤢꤐꤛꤢꤕꤜꤢ /tɛ˨ zje˨plɔ˨/save v ꤙꤢꤘꤝꤥ /be˨dwo˦/; to keep or save

something for later; der. ꤘꤝꤥ; ꤙꤢꤥꤘꤝꤥ; ꤖꤛꤢꤘꤝꤥ v ꤗꤟꤢꤏꤤꤕꤜꤢꤊꤟꤢ /me˨ ʃi˧plɛ˦ka˨ /; to deliver or cause to escape; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤏꤤꤕꤜꤢ; ꤋꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣꤊꤟꤢ; ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤢꤓꤢꤊꤟꤢ

savior n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤏꤤꤕꤜꤢꤊꤟꤢ /prɛ˨ me˨ ʃi˧plɛ˦ka˨ /; person who delivers or saves

saw v ꤙꤢ /bɯ˦/; to cut wood

say v ꤟꤢ /he˦/scale n ꤡꤢꤡꤢꤜꤢ /ʤa˦ʤu˦lɛ˨/scalp n ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢꤖꤢ /kʰu˨klɔ˦pʰa˦/scant adj ꤜꤣꤙꤢꤒꤥ /lə˦ba˧to˨/; not enough

scar n ꤡꤝꤢ /ʤwɛ˧/; der. ꤗꤤꤜꤝꤥꤡꤝꤢ

scarce adv ꤊꤟꤛꤢ /kja˨ / adj ꤕꤢꤒꤥ /pɔ˨to˨/scare v ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤢꤤꤏꤢ /me˨ ʂɛ˦i˨ʃe˧/; make-afraid

scared adj ꤞꤢꤤꤏꤢ /ʂɛ˦i˨sʰe˧/; der. ꤋꤛꤢꤐꤟꤢ;

ꤋꤛꤢ adj ꤒꤢꤚꤟꤌꤣ /ta˨rɯᵊ˨/; timid

scarlet adj ꤜꤟꤤꤊꤢꤞꤝꤤ /li ˨ ka˨ʂwi˦/; der. ꤜꤟꤤꤜꤢꤞꤢ

scatter v ꤠꤟꤤꤕꤢꤏꤤ /vi ˧ pa˨ʃi˧/ v

ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤡꤛꤣꤕꤚꤌꤣꤡꤛꤣꤕꤚꤛꤢ /klja˨ʤɯᵊprə˦ʤɯᵊprja˧/; der. ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤕꤚꤌꤣꤊꤜꤛꤢꤕꤚꤛꤢ v ꤏꤤꤕꤚꤌꤣꤏꤤꤕꤚꤛꤢ /ʃi˧prə˦ʃi˧prja˧/ v

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ꤜꤟꤢꤕꤚꤌꤣꤜꤟꤢꤕꤚꤛꤢ /lṳ˨prə˦lṳ˨prja˧/scavenge v ꤡꤛꤣꤜꤟꤢꤢ /dʒɯᵊ˦le˦ e˨/scholar n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤞꤤꤖꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤘꤢ

/prɛ˨ ʂi˦pʰɛ˦ʤja˦ dɛ˨/school n ꤞꤛꤥꤜꤤꤟꤥ /ʂwo˦li˨ho˧/

school (elementary) number ꤒꤟꤥꤖꤢꤞꤛꤥꤜꤤꤟꤥ /to˦pʰu˦ʂwo˦li˨ho˧/

school (high) n ꤒꤟꤥꤓꤢꤞꤛꤥꤜꤤꤟꤥ /to˦tʰu˧ʂwo˦li˨ho˧/

school (middle) n ꤒꤟꤥꤊꤜꤢꤗꤢꤞꤛꤥꤜꤤꤟꤥ /to˦kla˧me˧ʂwo˦li˨ho˧/

scissors n ꤚꤢꤚꤢ /ru˧re˧/; der. ꤤꤡꤤ

scold v ꤤꤏꤢꤤꤙꤢ /i˨sʰɔ˧i˨ba˨/; der. ꤤꤏꤢ

scoop v ꤊꤟꤌꤣ /kɯᵊ˨/ v ꤡꤟꤛꤢ /dʒje˧ /; dip

scorch v ꤢ /ɯ˧/ v ꤏꤢꤊꤟꤢꤔꤥ /sʰa˦kṳ˦no˦/ adj ꤢꤊꤟꤢꤜꤝꤥꤊꤚꤢ

scorpion n ꤘꤢꤗꤟꤢ /da˦mɛ˨ /scrape v ꤒꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ /ta˨kra˦ /; scratch

scrape out v ꤊꤚꤢꤢ /kra˦e˨/; der. ꤊꤤ v ꤚꤟꤢꤓꤢ /ru˨tʰe˨/

scratch v ꤒꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /ta˨prɛ˦ /; i.e. thorn v ꤒꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ

/ta˨kra˦ / v ꤊꤢꤠꤟꤢ /kɔ˦va˦ /scratch out v ꤊꤢꤢꤓꤢ /ka˨u˧tʰe˨/; scrape out with

finger v ꤚꤟꤢꤓꤢ /ru˨tʰe˨/; scrape out

scream v ꤢꤓꤥꤢꤗꤟꤥ /ɛ˦tʰo˧ɛ˦mo˨/; der. ꤢꤓꤥꤊꤢꤜꤟꤢ; ꤢꤓꤥꤒꤢꤊꤟꤢ

screw n ꤤꤒꤢꤞꤢ /i˨tɔ˦ʂɛ˦/screwdriver n ꤤꤒꤢꤞꤢꤙꤥ /i˨tɔ˦ʂɛ˨bo˧/scroll n ꤜꤤꤒꤢꤜꤢ /li˨ta˨lu˧/; der. ꤜꤤꤒꤢꤊꤜꤢ

scrotum n ꤘꤛꤢꤊꤢ /dje˨kɔ˧/scrub v ꤤꤕꤚꤢ /i˨pra˨/; to scrub clean your hair;

der. ꤊꤢꤕꤚꤢ v ꤓꤢꤔꤟꤤ /tʰɔ˧ni ˦ /; scrub together

sea n ꤓꤛꤢꤘꤢꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ /tʰje˧du˨ta˨va˨ /; der. ꤕꤢꤜꤢ

seagull n ꤜꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ /la˧ tʰje˧/; der. ꤓꤢꤘꤤꤊꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢ

seal v ꤊꤜꤢꤤꤡꤢꤗꤢ /klɛ˦i˦ʤɯ˧ma˨/; to seal together n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤗꤢꤗꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ me˨ ma˦me˨ dja˧/ n ꤒꤢꤏꤤ /ta˧ʃi˦/; stamp; badge

sear v ꤊꤟꤢꤜꤝꤥ /kṳ˦lwo˦/search v ꤗꤛꤢꤕꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ ꤗꤛꤢꤕꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ

/mja˦pṳ˧ta˧ ˨ mja˦pṳ˧te˨ /; look for carefully; der. ꤕꤟꤢ

season n ꤊꤟꤢ- /ke˦ -/hot season phr ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤋꤢ /ke˦ ku˦kʰɛ˧/

seat n ꤜꤟꤢꤥꤔꤛꤢ /le˦ o˨nja˧/second number ꤔꤛꤢꤜꤢꤜꤣ /nje˧lu˦lə˦/secret n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤢꤒꤟꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣ /tɛ˨ dɔ˦tɛ˨ ɯᵊ˦/; der.

ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣ; ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣꤘꤢꤙꤤ; ꤍꤟꤥꤘꤢꤟꤌꤣ

secretary n ꤋꤢꤘꤛꤢ /kʰu˨dja˧/secretly adv ꤟꤌꤣ /hɯᵊ˨/ v ꤗꤟꤢꤟꤌꤣꤗꤟꤢꤞꤝꤢ

/me˨ ɯᵊ˨me˨ ʂwɛ˦/; do secretly

secure v ꤗꤟꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤗꤢ /me˨ klɔ˨ me˨ ma˨/; to cause to be firm

see v ꤗꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ /mja˦tʰje˨/; der. ꤗꤛꤢ v

ꤒꤟꤢꤓꤝꤟꤥ /tṳ˦tʰwo˦/seed n ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤜꤝꤤꤒꤟꤢꤜꤝꤤ /tɛ˨ klwi˧tɛ˨ lwi˦/; der.

ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤜꤝꤤ; ꤊꤜꤝꤤ

seek v ꤜꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤕꤟꤢ /lɯ˨mja˦pṳ˧/; lit. chase-seek to find; der. ꤕꤟꤢ

seize v ꤊꤚꤟꤤꤑꤢ /kri ˨ ɲe˦/select v ꤔꤝꤥꤓꤢ /nwo˦the˨/; choose; der.

ꤔꤝꤥꤓꤛꤢ

self adv ꤔꤟꤤꤘꤢ /ni ˦ dɯ˨/; to do by oneself; der. ꤋꤛꤢꤘꤢ; ꤘꤢ; ꤘꤛꤢꤘꤢ n -ꤔꤟꤢ /-ne˦ /

self control n ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢꤕꤢ ꤔꤟꤤꤘꤛꤢ ꤔꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ kʰɔ˧pe˦ ni ˦ dje˦ ne˦ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢꤕꤢꤘꤛꤢ

ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ; ꤕꤣꤜꤟꤛꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢ ꤔꤟꤤꤘꤛꤢ ꤢꤔꤟꤢ

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selfish adj ꤗꤛꤢꤘꤢ ꤔꤟꤤꤘꤢ ꤒꤟꤢ /mja˦du˨ ni ˦ dɯ˨ tɛ˨ /

sell v ꤤꤏꤢ /i˨sʰɛ˧/; der. ꤤꤏꤢꤢ

semen n ꤓꤤꤓꤛꤢ /tʰi˨tʰje˧/send v ꤞꤢ /ʂu˧/; send with the idea of

accompanying; der. ꤞꤢꤡꤛꤣ

send back phr ꤞꤢꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ /ʂu˧ka˨ kʰje˧/; der. ꤞꤢꤊꤟꤢ

send come phr ꤞꤢꤟꤛꤢ /ʂu˧hja˧/send come into phr ꤞꤢꤟꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ

/ʂu˧hja˧nɯᵊ˧/send down phr ꤞꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ʂu˧ta˧ /; der. ꤞꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ

send in phr ꤞꤢꤡꤛꤣꤔꤟꤌꤣ /ʂu˧ʤɯᵊnɯᵊ˧/send out phr ꤞꤢꤓꤢ /ʂu˧tʰe˨/send up phr ꤞꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ʂu˧tʰja˨/send quickly phr ꤞꤢꤕꤚꤛꤢ /ʂu˧prja˧/

senseless adj ꤢꤟꤌꤣꤢꤛꤢ /ɯᵊ˦a˦ja˦/ n ꤊꤢꤛꤢ

ꤢꤟꤌꤣꤢꤛꤢ ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤖꤟꤌꤣꤓꤛꤢ /ka˨ja˧ a˦ɯᵊa˦ja˦ ka˨ja˧ pʰɯᵊ˧tʰja˧/

sent v ꤞꤢꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤟꤢ /ʂu˧ka˨ kʰje˧hɔ˦/sentence n ꤜꤤꤕꤚꤟꤥ /li˨pro˦/; der. ꤜꤤꤊꤜꤥ

separate v ꤤꤙꤢ /i˨be˧/; der. ꤤꤙꤢꤋꤥ; ꤤꤙꤢꤖꤢ adv ꤋꤢꤘꤢ /kʰɔ˨dɯ˨/ v ꤓꤢꤕꤟꤢ /tʰɔ˦pɛ˧ / v

ꤜꤟꤢꤏꤤꤕꤚꤟꤛꤢꤡꤛꤣ /lṳ˨ʃi˧prja˧ ʤɯᵊ/; der. ꤗꤟꤢ ꤏꤤꤕꤚꤌꤣꤏꤤꤕꤚꤛꤢ

separately adv ꤥꤋꤥꤗꤟꤢꤋꤥ /o˨kʰo˦me˨ kʰo˦/ adv

ꤏꤛꤣꤖꤢ /ʃɯᵊ˧pʰa˧/serious adj ꤡꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢ /dʒɔ˦ za˧ /; solemn

seriously adv ꤏꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤑꤢꤡꤢ /sʰa˧prɛ˦ ɲa˨ʤɛ˧/serpent n ꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢ /plja˨ /servant n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤖꤢ /prɛ˨ me˨ tɛ˨ pʰu˦/ n

ꤜꤢꤜꤢ /lu˦le˦/; Shan word for servant

serve v ꤋꤝꤥꤢ /kʰwo˦e˨/; serve up rice

set v ꤙꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢꤙꤢꤗꤢ /be˨klɔ˨ be˨ma˨/; reserve

set aside phr ꤖꤛꤢꤘꤝꤥ /pʰje˦dwo˦/; put aside for saving

settle v ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤜꤤ /me˨ la˦ me˨ li˧/; to settle the account

seven number ꤞꤛꤣꤞꤛꤥꤒꤣ /ʂɯᵊ˧ʂjo˦tə˨/; der. ꤔꤝꤥ

seventeen number ꤏꤛꤢꤏꤛꤣꤏꤛꤣꤒꤣ /ʃje˦ʃɯᵊʃɯᵊtə˨/; der. ꤏꤛꤢꤔꤝꤥ

seventy number ꤔꤝꤥꤏꤛꤢ /nwo˦ʃje˧/severe adj ꤡꤟꤛꤢ /ʤje˧ /; der. ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤡꤟꤢ

more severely phr ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤊꤜꤢ /ʤje˧ klɔ˧/; ; ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤊꤜꤢꤜꤣ ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤜꤣꤊꤜꤢ

sew v ꤤꤏꤢ /i˨sʰɛ˦/; der. ꤏꤢ

sex v ꤠꤛꤢ /vja˨/shade n ꤐꤟꤥꤢꤟꤌꤣ /zo˨ɯᵊ˨/shadow n ꤐꤟꤥꤢꤟꤌꤣ /zo˨ɯᵊ˨/; der. ꤐꤟꤥ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤐꤟꤥꤢꤟꤌꤣ /tɛ˨ zo˨a˦ɯᵊ˨/shake v ꤊꤢꤐꤟꤌꤣ /ka˨zɯᵊ˧/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤊꤢꤐꤟꤌꤣ;

ꤗꤟꤢꤊꤢꤛꤤꤊꤢꤐꤟꤌꤣ; ꤊꤢꤐꤟꤌꤣꤚꤢꤚꤟꤌꤣꤓꤛꤢ v ꤒꤢꤔꤛꤢꤒꤢꤘꤢ /ta˨nja˧ta˨dɛ˨/; to tremble or shake; der. ꤒꤢꤔꤛꤢꤒꤢꤡꤣ v ꤔꤟꤌꤣ ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢ /nɯᵊ˨ kʰu˨klɔ˦/; to shake your head v ꤓꤢ /tʰɔ˦/ v

ꤚꤟꤌꤣ /rɯᵉ˧/; the wiggle of your bottom; der. ꤋꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢꤚꤟꤌꤣ v ꤒꤟꤢꤙꤢ /tɔ˦ ba˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤙꤢ ꤡꤢꤗꤥ

shake off phr ꤞꤛꤣꤒꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ /ʂɯᵊ˧ta˧ kja˧/ phr

ꤒꤢꤟꤤ /ta˨hi˦/; to shake off the hands

shake violently phr ꤒꤢꤔꤛꤢꤒꤢꤕꤜꤟꤣ /ta˨nja˧ta˨plə˦ /

shake out phr ꤓꤢꤚꤟꤌꤣ /tʰɔ˦rɯᵊ/; der. ꤓꤢꤕꤚꤟꤌꤣ

shallow adj ꤒꤢꤜꤟꤢ /ta˨lɯ˦/shame v ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤢꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ /me˨ ʂɛ˦ta˨rɛ˧ / n

ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦ta˨rɛ˧ /shampoo n ꤓꤢꤗꤝꤟꤥꤓꤛꤢ /tʰɯ˦mwo˧tʰje˧/share v ꤖꤛꤢꤡꤝꤟꤥꤗꤟꤢꤊꤥ /pʰje˦ʤwo˦ me˨ ko˧/;

to help; share with

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sharp adj ꤓꤛꤢ /tʰja˧/; a sharp blade; der. ꤢꤓꤛꤢ adj ꤡꤛꤣ /dʒɯᵊ˧/; a sharp stick; point; der. ꤡꤛꤣꤚꤢꤗꤤ

sharpen v ꤞꤝꤥ /ʂwo˦/; to sharpen a stick

shatter v ꤖꤢꤚꤢ /pʰɛ˦re˦/; crack

shave v ꤊꤝꤥ /kwo˦/; hair, grass, etc. v ꤤꤊꤜꤟꤢ /i˨klɯ˨/; to shave the head; der. ꤤꤊꤜꤟꤢ

ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤢ ꤢꤋꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ v ꤙꤝꤥꤕꤜꤤ /bwo˦pli˧/; shave off hair v ꤞꤢ /ʂa˦/; to whittle/shave from top to bottom

she pron ꤢ /a˨/; 3rd person singular; der. ꤢ

sheathe v ꤚꤟꤛꤢ /rja˧ /; to put a long shaped object into

sheep n ꤞꤤꤗꤟꤤ /ʂi˦mi ˦ /sheet n ꤕꤜꤢ /plɛ˨/; paper

shelf n ꤊꤚꤟꤌꤣ /krɯᵊ˨/; der. ꤊꤚꤟꤌꤣꤋꤢ n

ꤡꤟꤥꤋꤢ /dʒo˨kʰu˨/; on a large shelf

shepherd n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ /prɛ˨ kje˧/; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢꤞꤤꤗꤟꤤ v ꤊꤛꤢ /kje˧/

shield n ꤊꤢꤒꤛꤢ /ka˨tja˨/shin n ꤋꤛꤢꤋꤤ /kʰja˨kʰi˨/shine v ꤒꤢꤋꤢꤒꤢꤋꤢ /ta˨kʰɔ˨ta˨kʰɛ˧/; der. ꤒꤢꤋꤢ;

ꤒꤢꤋꤢꤚꤢꤏꤥ; ꤏꤢꤒꤢꤋꤢ adj ꤒꤢꤋꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢꤚꤢꤏꤛꤤ /ta˨kʰɛ˧plja˦ra˨ʃji˦/; full of splendor

shining v ꤕꤜꤛꤢꤒꤢꤋꤢ /plja˦ta˨kʰɛ˧/ship n ꤞꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤘꤢ /ʂɔ˨klje˧du˨/; big boat

shirt n ꤡꤟꤢ /ʤa˨ /; der. ꤡꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢꤒꤟꤢ

outer shirt n ꤡꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢ /ʤa˨ klɔ˧/shirtless adj ꤥꤒꤢꤊꤜꤤ /o˨ta˨kli˨/shiver v ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤛꤢꤋꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢ /ta˨nja˧ kʰɛ˨kla˦ /; to

shiver with chattering teeth

shocked adj ꤓꤛꤢꤞꤛꤢ /tʰja˨ʂje˧/; in shock adj ꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢꤤꤟꤢ /ta˨pa˨ i˨hɯ˦/

shoes n ꤋꤢꤖꤢ /kʰu˨pʰa˦/

shoot v ꤋꤢ /kʰɛ˦/; with a gun v ꤒꤢꤜꤝꤟꤥ /ta˨lwo˧/; to shoot off; take off quickly; der. ꤒꤢꤜꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤛꤢ v ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢ /ta˨plje˧/; shoot elastic, slingshot

shore n ꤊꤢꤜꤥꤋꤢ /ka˨lo˧kʰu˨/; der. ꤊꤢꤜꤥꤋꤢꤊꤚꤢ; ꤋꤥꤋꤢ; ꤓꤛꤢꤓꤢ n ꤕꤢꤜꤢꤓꤢ /pa˧lɛ˧tʰɯ˧/; ocean shore; beach

short adj -ꤒꤢꤜꤣ /-ta˨lə˦/; short person; der. ꤒꤢꤜꤣꤢꤢꤛꤢ; ꤒꤢꤕꤢ adv ꤛꤥ /jo˨/; i.e. short of money; der. ꤐꤝꤥ adj ꤖꤟꤌꤣ /pʰɯᵊ˨/; short in length; der. ꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣ; ꤒꤟꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣ

short time adj ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤟꤣꤖꤢ /ta˨plə˨ pʰu˦/; brief amount of time; der. ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤟꤣꤒꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢ; ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤟꤣꤒꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢꤖꤢ; ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢꤖꤢ

short-tempered adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨pʰɯᵊ˨/shortly adv ꤏꤛꤢꤕꤟꤢ /ʃje˦pa˧ /; in a short time

should v ꤊꤢꤙꤢ /kɔ˨bɛ˨/ v ꤒꤥꤊꤢ /to˧kɔ˨/shoulder n ꤕꤜꤢꤋꤢ /pla˧kʰu˨/shout v ꤢꤓꤥꤢꤗꤟꤥ /ɛ˦tʰo˧ɛ˦mo˨/show v ꤐꤟꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /zṳ˧lɯᵊ˧/; to guide v

ꤘꤛꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /dje˦lɯᵊ˧/ v ꤋꤛꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /kʰja˦lɯᵊ˧/; bear witness

shrewd adj ꤜꤤꤗꤛꤢ /li˨mja˧/; clever

shriek v ꤢꤓꤥꤒꤢꤊꤟꤢ /ɛ˦tʰo˧ta˨ka˧ /shrink v ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /ta˨nɯᵊ/; when clothes shrink;

der. ꤓꤢꤒꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤊꤟꤢ

shrug v ꤓꤢ /tʰɔ˦/; to shrug your shoulders

shut v ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤝꤥꤙꤤ /ta˨klwo˧bi˦/; muzzle; hide v

ꤗꤟꤢꤙꤤ /me˨ bi˦/; cover, shut v ꤙꤢꤊꤚꤟꤤꤙꤤ /bɔ˨kri ˨ bi˦/; shut eyes

shut out phr ꤙꤤꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢ /bi˦ta˨pa˨ /; hidden; veiled

shut off phr ꤗꤟꤢꤙꤤꤊꤛꤢ /me˨ bi˦kja˧/; turn off

shy adj ꤞꤢꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦ta˨rɛ˧ /; ashamed

siblings n ꤕꤟꤌꤣꤠꤟꤛꤢ /pɯə˦vja˦ /sibling (eldest) n ꤖꤢꤠꤟꤛꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ

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/pʰu˦vja˦ prɛ˦ /sibling (older) n ꤠꤟꤛꤢꤘꤢꤊꤜꤢ /vja˦ du˨klɔ˧/sibling (younger) n ꤕꤟꤌꤣ /pɯᵊ˦/

sick adj ꤏꤝꤤꤏꤢ /sʰwi˦sʰɛ˧/; der. ꤏꤝꤤ;

ꤥꤏꤝꤤꤥꤏꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤꤥ; ꤞꤢꤏꤝꤤ; ꤞꤢꤏꤝꤤꤔꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ adj ꤥꤗꤟꤥꤚꤛꤢꤒꤥ /o˨mo˨rja˦to˨/ n ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤏꤝꤤꤊꤢꤛꤢꤏꤢ /ka˨ja˧sʰwi˦ka˨ja˧sʰɛ˧/; person who is sick; der. ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤏꤝꤤ v ꤗꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤꤗꤟꤢꤏꤢ /me˨ sʰwi˦me˨ sʰɛ˧/; make sick; injure

sickle n ꤒꤢꤡꤢ /ta˨ʤe˧/sickness n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢ /tɛ˨ sʰwi˦tɛ˨ sʰɛ˧/; der.

ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤ

unable to breath phr ꤊꤟꤢꤜꤢꤞꤢꤒꤟꤢꤙꤤ /ke˦ la˨ʂɛ˦tɯ˧bi˦/

side n -ꤓꤢ /-tʰɯ˧/side by side phr ꤒꤢꤊꤚꤟꤥ /ta˨kro˨/sift v ꤒꤢꤜꤢꤏꤢ /ta˨lɛ˦sɛ˦/; der. ꤒꤢꤜꤢꤏꤢ ꤢꤙꤟꤌꤣ

v ꤒꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ta˨tɔ˧ /; using a side to side motion

sigh v ꤞꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣ /ʂɛ˦mɯᵊ/sign n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤢꤒꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ma˦tɛ˨ dja˧/; der.

ꤒꤟꤢꤢꤗꤢꤢꤘꤛꤢ adj ꤋꤢꤋꤥꤗꤛꤢꤙꤛꤢ /kʰa˦kʰo˨mja˦bje˨/

silent adj ꤞꤛꤣꤊꤚꤢꤞꤛꤣꤊꤚꤢ /ʂɯᵊ˨krɯ˦ʂɯᵊ˨kre˧/; der. ꤥꤞꤛꤣ;

ꤥꤞꤛꤣꤒꤢꤊꤚꤢ adj ꤥꤘꤛꤢꤒꤢꤊꤜꤝꤥ /o˨dja˦ta˨klwo˨/

silk n ꤞꤤ /ʂi˦/silver n ꤚꤢ /rɯ˧/silver and gold phr ꤚꤢꤓꤢ /rɯ˧tʰɛ˧/similar prep ꤞꤛꤢ /ʂja˦/; like; similar to; der.

ꤗꤛꤢꤞꤛꤢ; ꤞꤛꤢꤔꤢ; ꤞꤛꤢꤖꤢ; ꤊꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢ; ꤊꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢꤖꤢ; ꤊꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢꤔꤢ

simmer v ꤘꤥꤙꤟꤌꤣ /do˧bɯᵊ˨/simultaneously adj ꤒꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ /ta˨krɔ˧ /

sin v ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢ /me˨ tɛ˨ ʂɯ˦/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤒꤟꤢꤥꤚꤢ; ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤢꤗꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢ; ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤒꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɯ˦tɛ˨ pla˦/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤒꤟꤢꤥꤚꤢ

since adv ꤡꤢꤓꤛꤢꤙꤤ /dʒa˦tʰja˨bi˦/sing v ꤤꤚꤥꤜꤤ /i˨ro˧li˨/; der. ꤤꤚꤥ; ꤤꤚꤥꤓꤛꤢ;

ꤤꤚꤥꤒꤟꤢ; ꤟꤢꤚꤥ

sing song of mourning v ꤤꤚꤥꤤꤟꤢ /i˨ro˧i˨hɛ˨/; song of mourning when someone dies; der. ꤤꤟꤢ; ꤤꤟꤢꤍꤟꤥ

sing praise v ꤤꤚꤥꤓꤢꤞꤢꤓꤛꤢ /i˨ro˧tʰu˨ʂɛ˦tʰja˨/

singer n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤤꤚꤥꤤꤚꤢ /prɛ˨ i˨ro˧i˨rɛ˨/single adj ꤖꤢꤞꤢ /pʰu˦ʂɛ˨/; not yet married; der.

ꤖꤢꤞꤢꤖꤢ; ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤢꤖꤢꤞꤢ; ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤢꤖꤢꤞꤢ adj ꤘꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /du˨prɛ˦ /; single elderly person

single file phr ꤥꤒꤢꤜꤢ /o˨ta˨la˦/sink v ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ta˧ dʒɯtʰje˧/sinner n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤖꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɯ˦pʰu˦/; der.

ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢ; ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤞꤢꤒꤟꤢꤖꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤒꤟꤢꤥꤚꤢꤖꤢ; ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤥꤚꤢꤖꤢ; ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤒꤟꤢꤥꤚꤢꤖꤢ

sister (older) n ꤠꤟꤛꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤢ /vja˦ prɛ˨ mɔ˨/sister (younger) n ꤕꤟꤌꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤢ /pɯᵊ˦prɛ˨ mɔ˨/sister-in-law n ꤋꤤ /kʰi˧/; term for sister-in-law

who is the opposite sex from yourself n ꤊꤢꤔꤢ /ka˨na˨/; term for sister-in-law when your in-law is also female

sisters n ꤕꤟꤌꤣꤠꤟꤛꤢ /pɯᵊ˦vja˦ /; siblings (male or female)

sit v ꤥꤔꤛꤢ /o˨nja˧/; der. ꤥꤔꤛꤢꤥꤊꤛꤢ

sit and beg phr ꤥꤔꤛꤢꤊꤝꤤꤢ /o˨nja˧kwi˧e˨/sit and listen phr ꤥꤔꤛꤢꤔꤟꤤꤘꤢ /o˨nja˧ni ˦ da˧/sit and rest phr ꤥꤔꤛꤢꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣ /o˨nja˧o˨kɯᵊ/sit and take phr ꤥꤔꤛꤢꤖꤛꤢ /o˨nja˧pʰje˦/sit and talk phr ꤥꤔꤛꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢ /o˨nja˧he˦bɛ˨/sit as a group phr ꤥꤔꤛꤢꤥꤕꤜꤢ /o˨nja˧o˨plɔ˦/

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sit close phr ꤥꤔꤛꤢꤖꤢ /o˨nja˧pʰɯ˨/sit down phr ꤥꤔꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢ /o˨nja˧ta˧ /sit with phr ꤥꤔꤛꤢꤒꤟꤣ /o˨nja˧tə˦ /sit back phr ꤥꤔꤛꤢ ꤒꤢꤒꤢꤑꤟꤢ /o˨nja˧

ta˨te˨ɲa˦ /situation n ꤏꤛꤣꤋꤢ /ʃɯᵊkʰɛ˧/; period of time; der.

ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤛꤣꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢ

six number ꤞꤛꤣꤞꤛꤥ /ʂɯᵊ˧ʂjo˦/; der. ꤏꤛꤣ

sixteen number ꤏꤛꤢꤞꤛꤣꤞꤛꤥ /ʃje˦ʂɯᵊ˧swo˦/; der. ꤏꤛꤢꤏꤛꤣ

sixty number ꤏꤛꤢꤞꤛꤣꤞꤛꤥ /ʃje˧ʂɯᵊ˧ʂjo˦/; der. ꤏꤛꤣꤏꤛꤢ

size n ꤒꤤ /ti˦/skewer v ꤊꤟꤤ /ki ˧ /; to skewer in order to hang up

to dry; der. ꤊꤟꤤꤕꤜꤥ

skilled adj ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤘꤢ /ʤja˦ dɛ˨/; competent; der. ꤒꤢꤋꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤘꤢ

skin n ꤖꤢ /pʰa˦/skinny adj ꤊꤚꤟꤛꤢ /krja˧ /skirt n ꤟꤛꤢ /hje˨/; der. ꤡꤟꤢꤡꤝꤟꤥ

skull n ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢꤊꤚꤝꤤ /kʰu˨klɔ˦krwi˦/sky n ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢ /mɔ˦ lɛ˧ /skyscraper n ꤟꤤꤘꤢꤟꤤꤓꤢ /hi˨du˨hi˨tʰu˧/; large

buildings

slander v ꤘꤛꤢꤗꤝꤟꤤꤓꤛꤢꤐꤟꤥ /dja˦mwi ˨ tʰje˧zo˨/ n ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤕꤛꤢ ꤢꤗꤝꤟꤤ, /tɛ˨ he˦pje˦ u˧mwi ˨ /; to speak destroying someone's reputation or name

slant adj ꤒꤢꤋꤤ /ta˨kʰi˧/; i.e. sleep on your side

slap v ꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢ /plja˦ /; strike

slash v ꤤꤚꤛꤢ /i˧rja˧/; cut; der. -ꤚꤛꤢ

slave n ꤡꤟꤢ /ʤɯ˦/slave owner phr ꤡꤟꤢꤙꤛꤢꤡꤢ /ʤɯ˦bja˨ʤɛ˨/sleep v ꤥꤗꤛꤢ /o˨mje˧/; der. ꤥꤗꤛꤢꤥ;

ꤥꤗꤛꤢꤥꤒꤟꤛꤢ; ꤥꤗꤛꤢꤒꤟꤛꤢ

sleep deeply adj ꤥꤗꤛꤢꤏꤛꤥ /o˨mje˧ʃjo˨/; der. ꤥꤗꤛꤢꤔꤟꤤꤏꤢ v ꤥꤗꤛꤢꤏꤥꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢ /o˨mje˧sʰo˧ta˨pa˨ /

sleep together v ꤥꤗꤛꤢꤒꤟꤣꤜꤢ /o˨mje˧tə˦ lu˧/sleepy adj ꤞꤢꤥꤗꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˦o˨mje˧/; want to sleep adj

ꤥꤗꤛꤢꤋꤢ /o˨mje˧kʰa˧/; der. ꤥꤗꤛꤢꤋꤢꤗꤛꤢꤔꤛꤣ

sleeve n ꤡꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢ /dʒa˨pla˧/slender adj ꤒꤣꤜꤟꤌꤣꤒꤝꤟꤥ /tə˨lɯᵊ˨two˦/slice v ꤊꤢ /kɛ˦/ v ꤤꤙꤢ /i˨bɯ˨/slingshot n ꤖꤛꤢꤡꤟꤢ /pʰja˦dʒɔ˦ /slip v ꤜꤢꤜꤝꤟꤥ /la˨lwo˦/; der. ꤜꤟꤛꤢ ꤜꤝꤟꤥ

slit v ꤘꤢ /dɯ˦/; cut; der. ꤘꤢꤓꤢ

slogan n ꤍꤟꤥꤢꤓꤥ /ŋo˦ɛ˦tʰo˧/slow adj ꤐꤢ /zɔ˧/; der. ꤐꤢꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥ adj

ꤋꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢꤓꤌꤣ /kʰa˧plje˦tʰɯᵊ/; slow in moving

slowly adv ꤞꤢꤘꤥ /ʂɛ˦do˧/sluggish adj ꤐꤢꤙꤢꤊꤢꤓꤣ /zɔ˧ba˧ka˨tʰə˦/; lagging

adj ꤒꤢꤋꤢꤒꤢꤋꤟꤌꤣ /ta˨kʰa˦ta˨kʰɯᵊ˨/small adj ꤕꤢꤒꤤ /pa˨ti˦/

small amount n ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤢꤒꤤꤖꤢ /tɛ˨ pa˨ti˦pʰu˦/smaller adj ꤕꤢꤒꤤꤜꤣ /pa˨ti˦lə˦/; der. ꤕꤢꤒꤤꤊꤜꤢ;

ꤕꤢꤒꤤꤜꤣꤢ

smart adj ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤘꤢ /dʒja˦ dɛ˨/; wise; der. ꤘꤢ adj ꤜꤟꤤꤗꤛꤢ /li ˨ mja˧/; clever

smarter adj ꤘꤢꤜꤣꤊꤜꤢ /dɛ˨lə˦klɔ˧/; also more shrewd

smell n ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤗꤟꤛꤢ /nɯᵊ˨mja˦ /; odor v

ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤞꤛꤢ /nɯᵊ˨ʂja˧/smells good adj ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤗꤟꤥ /nɯᵊ˨mo˨ /; der.

ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤚꤛꤢ

smells bad phr ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤗꤟꤛꤢ ꤚꤛꤢꤒꤥ /nɯᵊ˨mja˦ rja˦to˨/; der. ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤤ; ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤞꤢ

smidgeon n ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤢꤒꤤꤖꤢ /tɛ˨ pa˨ti˦pʰu˦/; tiny amount

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smile v ꤑꤟꤢ /ɲe˧ /; der. ꤑꤟꤢꤒꤢꤊꤚꤥ

smoke n ꤗꤤꤢꤋꤟꤌꤣ /mi˨ɯ˧kʰɯᵊ˨/; smoke of a burning fire; der. ꤋꤟꤌꤣ

smooth adj ꤊꤜꤢ /kla˨/ adj ꤞꤛꤢ /ʂje˨/; der. ꤞꤛꤢꤊꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ v ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢ /me˨ ʂje˨/; make smooth; der. ꤖꤢꤞꤛꤢꤊꤢꤜꤛꤢ adj ꤗꤝꤟꤥ /mwo˧/; brush clean your teeth

snack n ꤊꤢꤗꤢ /kɔ˦mu˧/; dessert

snag v ꤒꤢꤙꤢ ꤥꤒꤟꤛꤢ /ta˨bɔ˨ o˨tja˦ /snail n ꤊꤜꤢ /klu˨/; land snail; der. ꤊꤜꤢꤘꤢꤟꤤ

snake n ꤚꤟꤢ /rṳ˦/; der. ꤚꤟꤢꤒꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ n

ꤚꤟꤢꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢ /rṳ˦plja˨ /; kind of large snake

snare n ꤘꤢꤘꤥ /da˦do˧/; trap

snatch v ꤊꤚꤟꤤꤑꤢ /kri ˨ ɲe˦/sneeze v ꤊꤢꤏꤛꤢ /ka˨ʃja˦/sniff v ꤞꤤꤚꤤ /ʂi˦ri˦/snore v ꤥꤗꤛꤢꤞꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /o˨mje˧ʂɛ˦pra˨ /; der.

ꤞꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ

snot n ꤋꤢꤤ /kʰa˨i˨/; mucus

snow n ꤙꤢꤋꤢ /bu˧kʰu˨/; der. ꤓꤛꤢꤒꤢꤏꤤ

snuff out phr ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤟꤤ /me˨ pi ˧ /; to extinguish a fire

so conj ꤖꤢꤔꤛꤣꤚꤢ /pʰu˦nɯᵊ˨rɔ˦/; lit. like that so; der. ꤒꤢꤚꤢ

so that phr ꤞꤛꤢꤖꤢ /ʂja˦pʰu˦/soak v ꤕꤜꤟꤌꤣ /plɯə˨/; der. ꤡꤟꤢ v ꤡꤝꤤꤥ

/dʒwi˦o˧/sober adj ꤏꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /sʰa˧prɛ˦ /socks n ꤋꤛꤢꤊꤢ /kʰja˨kɔ˧/soft adj ꤡꤟꤢ /ʤɛ˦ /; der. ꤡꤟꤢꤊꤢꤔꤢ

soft spoken adj ꤟꤢꤙꤢꤡꤟꤢꤘꤢ /he˦bɛ˨dʒɛ˦ dɛ˨/soldier n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤖꤢ /klje˧pʰu˦/; der. ꤊꤜꤛꤢ

sole n ꤋꤢꤑꤢꤜꤟꤢ /kʰa˨ɲe˧lɛ˧ /; of the foot; der. ꤋꤛꤢꤛꤢꤜꤟꤢ; ꤋꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣꤜꤟꤢ

solid adj ꤕꤚꤛꤢ /prje˧/; der. ꤕꤚꤛꤢꤊꤢꤘꤤ

some adj ꤒꤢꤟꤢ /ta˨he˨/; pluralizes adj ꤒꤢꤟꤢꤟꤢ /ta˨he˨he˨/; some people; some things, etc.

somebody n ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤒꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /ka˨ja˧ tə˨prɛ˨ prɛ˨ /

someone n ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤒꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /ka˨ja˧ tə˨prɛ˨ prɛ˨ /

somersault v ꤠꤤꤒꤢꤊꤜꤝꤤ /vi˧ta˨klwi˦/something n ꤒꤢꤗꤤꤒꤢꤡꤣ /ta˨mi˧ta˨dʒə˨/; der.

ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ

sometimes adv ꤒꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣ /tə˨pʰɯᵊpʰɯᵊ/; der. ꤒꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣꤒꤣꤋꤛꤢ

somewhat correct phr ꤖꤢꤜꤢꤖꤢꤐꤟꤛꤢ /pʰɯ˨lɛ˦pʰɯ˨zje˨ /

son n ꤖꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤢ /pʰu˦prɛ˨ kʰu˧/; der. ꤖꤢꤋꤢ

son-in-law n ꤗꤟꤢ /mɛ˧ /song n ꤜꤤꤤꤚꤥ /li˨i˨ro˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤤꤚꤥ

soon adv ꤑꤟꤢꤒꤛꤢꤒꤥ /ɲe˧ tja˨to˨/; der. ꤑꤟꤢꤒꤥ

sorcery n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢꤕꤜꤢ ꤢꤗꤢꤞꤢ /tɛ˨ me˨ ta˨ple˨ u˧mɛ˨ʂɛ˨/; or magic

sore n ꤠꤢ /va˧/; der. ꤠꤢꤓꤢ n ꤡꤟꤢ /dʒu˨/sorrow n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦plɛ˧ ʂɛ˦zɔ˨ /sorrowful adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤟꤢꤔꤟꤢꤙꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɛ˧ ne˨ bɛ˨/;

der. ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤟꤢ adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɛ˧ ʂɛ˦zɔ˨ /

soul n ꤞꤢꤓꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦tʰwo˧prɛ˨ /; life; existence

sound n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤚꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤒꤢ /pra˨ rɯ˦pra˨ tɛ˦/; noise; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢ; ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ n ꤢꤒꤢꤜꤟꤢ /a˨ta˨la˧ /; voice, tune

soup n ꤤꤞꤝꤤꤓꤛꤢ /i˨ʂwi˦tʰje˧/; curry soup

sour adj ꤢꤏꤛꤢ /a˨ʃje˨/south n ꤡꤤꤓꤥ /ʤi˦tʰo˧/; der. ꤡꤤꤜꤟꤛꤢ

sow v ꤠꤤꤒꤟꤢꤕꤢꤏꤤ /vi˧ta˧ pa˨ʃi˧/; to thrown down-spread; der. ꤤꤠꤤꤒꤟꤢ v ꤤꤓꤥ /i˨tʰo˨/; to sow and cover the seed v ꤕꤚꤌꤣꤒꤟꤢ /prə˦ta˧ /; sow seed n ꤓꤛꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣ /tʰja˦mɯᵊ˦/; female pig

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sower n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤚꤌꤣꤒꤟꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤜꤝꤤ /prɛ˨ prə˦ta˧ tɛ˨ klwi˧/; the person who sows seed

soya bean n ꤙꤤꤞꤢ /bi˧ʂɔ˧/space adj ꤘꤢ /da˧/; have room or space; der.

ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢꤘꤢ

spade n ꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢ /ta˨pɯ˧/; der. ꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢꤘꤢ

Spain n ꤎꤢꤕꤢꤊꤟꤢ /sa˨pe˨ke˦ /spank v ꤕꤜꤤ /pli˦/spare v ꤞꤢꤜꤥꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦lo˧ʂɛ˦zɔ˨ /; der. ꤞꤢꤜꤥ

spark n ꤗꤤꤖꤥꤏꤢꤖꤢ /mi˨pʰo˧sʰɛ˨pʰu˦/sparrow n ꤓꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /tʰu˨pre˦ /speak v ꤟꤢꤙꤢ /he˦bɛ˨/; der. ꤟꤢ; ꤟꤢꤙꤢꤟꤢꤏꤛꤣ;

ꤟꤢꤙꤢꤘꤣꤑꤢ

speak gently phr ꤟꤢꤙꤢꤡꤟꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢꤑꤟꤢ /he˦bɛ˨ʤɛ˦ he˦bɛ˨ɲa˦ / v

ꤟꤢꤙꤢꤡꤟꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢꤑꤟꤢ /he˦bɛ˨ʤɛ˦ he˦bɛ˨ɲa˨ /

speak harshly to phr ꤓꤢꤒꤢꤢꤛꤢ ꤏꤢ /tʰe˦ta˨ja˧ sʰɯ˨/

speak boldly phr ꤟꤢꤙꤢꤋꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢꤟꤢ /he˦bɛ˨kʰɯ˧he˦bɛ˨ha˧/

speak the truth phr ꤟꤢꤏꤥꤡꤢꤡꤢ /he˦sʰo˨ʤɔ˦ʤɔ˦/

speak against phr ꤟꤢ ꤒꤢꤋꤝꤥꤒꤢꤊꤢ /he ta˨kʰwo˦ta˨kɛ˨/

speak confidently phr ꤟꤢꤙꤢ ꤕꤚꤛꤢꤊꤢꤘꤤ /he˦bɛ˨ prje˧ka˨di˦/

speak nonsense phr ꤟꤢꤙꤢꤟꤢꤙꤛꤢ /he˦bje˨/; fooling around, joking; der. ꤟꤢꤙꤛꤢ

speaker n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢ /prɛ˨ he˦bɛ˨/; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢꤒꤟꤢ; ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢ

speaking n ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢꤟꤢꤏꤛꤣ /tɛ˨ he˦bɛ˨he˦ʃɯᵊ˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢ

spear v ꤏꤢꤏꤢ /sʰɯ˧sʰɛ˧/ n ꤒꤢꤙꤛꤢ /ta˨bja˧/speck n ꤢꤊꤚꤢꤢꤊꤚꤤ /a˨krɔ˧a˨kri˨/; pieces

speech n ꤍꤟꤥꤟꤢꤙꤢ /ŋo˦he˦bɛ˨/ n ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢ /tɛ˨ he˦bɛ˨/

spelling n ꤕꤜꤢꤜꤤꤕꤜꤢ /plɔ˦li˨plɔ˨/spend v ꤡꤢꤢ /dʒa˨e˨/spices n ꤢꤗꤤꤢꤊꤚꤢ ꤢꤟꤥꤢꤡꤤ /a˨mi˧a˨krɛ˧

a˨ho˦a˨dʒi˧/; der. ꤢꤊꤚꤢꤢꤙꤢ

spicy adj ꤢꤟꤛꤢ /a˨hja˦/; hot to taste

spider n ꤖꤟꤌꤣꤊꤟꤛꤢ /pʰɯᵊ˧kja˦ /spider web n ꤖꤟꤌꤣꤊꤟꤛꤢ ꤡꤟꤢ /pʰɯᵊ˧kja˦ dʒɔ˦/spill v ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢ /ta˧ klɔ˧ /; to spill over

spin v ꤜꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤟꤤ /lu˧ta˨ri ˧ /; go in circles; der. ꤜꤟꤢꤤꤠꤟꤤ v ꤤꤟꤤ /i˨hi˦/; to make yarn; der. ꤤꤟꤤꤕꤜꤢ

spine n ꤑꤟꤢꤊꤚꤝꤤ /ɲa˦ krwi˦/spinning wheel n ꤊꤜꤢ /kla˨/spirit n ꤐꤟꤥ /zo˨/; your spirit; soul; der. ꤞꤢ n

ꤔꤢ /ne˦/; spirits; ghost

spiritual adj ꤘꤣꤞꤢꤘꤣꤞꤢ /də˦ʂu˨də˦ʂɛ˦/spit v ꤓꤢꤕꤜꤢꤓꤢꤞꤤ /tʰu˨pla˦tʰu˨ʂi˧/; der.

ꤓꤢꤕꤜꤢ n ꤕꤜꤟꤤꤓꤛꤢ /pli ˨ tʰje˧/splash v ꤟꤢ /ha˦/; splash with water

spleen n ꤔꤢ /nɛ˦/; der. ꤒꤢꤗꤛꤢꤘꤢ

split v ꤜꤟꤢꤢꤛꤢꤖꤢ /lu˧ja˧pʰɛ˦/; to be split apart; der. ꤖꤢꤊꤛꤢ v ꤡꤢꤢ /dʒa˨a˦/; split apart; split pieces off; peel off v ꤖꤟꤌꤣꤊꤛꤢ /pʰɯᵊkje˧/; cut with knife v ꤕꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ /pa˧ kje˧/; to chop in pieces

spoiled adj ꤔꤟꤌꤣꤞꤛꤣ /nɯᵊ˨ʂɯᵊ˨/; rotten; gone bad (i.e. food)

spoon n ꤘꤤꤡꤟꤥ /di˧dʒo˦/; der. ꤘꤤꤘꤥ

sport n ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤢꤠꤤꤜꤢꤠꤢ /tɛ˨ la˨vi˨la˨vɔ˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤢꤠꤢ

spot n ꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢꤘꤢꤥ /kʰa˧le˦ da˧o˨/; der. ꤠꤤ

spray v ꤋꤢꤏꤤꤕꤚꤟꤛꤢ ꤓꤛꤢ /kʰɛ˦ʃi˧prja˧ tʰje˧/; lit. shoot-divide water

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spread v ꤕꤢꤏꤤ /pa˨ʃi˧/; der. ꤕꤢꤏꤤꤡꤛꤣ;

ꤜꤟꤢꤕꤢꤏꤤ v ꤜꤟꤌꤣꤕꤢꤏꤤꤡꤛꤣ /lɯᵊ˧pa˨ʃi˧ʤɯᵊ˦/; to become known v ꤜꤝꤤꤒꤟꤢ

/lwi˦ta˧ /; scatter (i.e. chicken feed) v

ꤐꤢꤒꤢꤘꤛꤢ /zɯ˦ta˨dja˧/; to spread hands or feet

spring n ꤓꤛꤢꤓꤢꤋꤢ /tʰje˧tʰe˨kʰu˨/; source of water

sprinkle v ꤊꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢꤒꤢꤕꤚꤤ /ke˦ ʤɯ˨ta˨pri˦/ v

ꤕꤚꤌꤣ /prə˦/ v ꤒꤢꤏꤛꤤ /ta˨ʃi˦/sprout v ꤒꤢꤗꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ta˨ma˨tʰja˨/ v

ꤖꤢꤓꤛꤢꤘꤢꤓꤛꤢ /pʰɛ˦tʰja˨du˨tʰja˨/; sprout and grow; der. ꤘꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ

square n ꤔꤟꤢꤜꤝꤟꤤꤔꤟꤢ /na˦ lwi ˧ na˦ /; four corners; der. ꤜꤝꤟꤤꤔꤟꤢꤚꤢꤘꤢ

squat v ꤥꤔꤛꤢ ꤕꤢꤜꤥꤒꤟꤢ /o˨nja˧ pa˨lo˨ta˧ /; hunched down

squeak n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤊꤚꤢ /pra˨ krɛ˦/squeeze v ꤤꤔꤥ /i˨no˨/; squeeze in order to pop v

ꤘꤢꤘꤛꤢ /da˦dje˦/; squeezed

squirrel n ꤐꤟꤌꤣꤜꤢꤗꤢ /zɯᵊ˦la˨mɔ˨/; der. ꤐꤟꤌꤣꤜꤛꤢ

stab v ꤏꤢ /sʰɯ˧/; der. ꤏꤢꤞꤛꤢ

stabilize v ꤒꤢꤓꤝꤥꤗꤢ /ta˨tʰwo˦ma˨/; gives the firmness for

staff n ꤤꤋꤛꤢꤙꤥ /i˨kʰja˦bo˧/; long stick; der. ꤤꤓꤛꤢꤙꤥ

stagger v ꤡꤛꤣꤜꤢꤒꤢꤜꤝꤟꤥ /dʒɯᵊ˦lu˧ta˨lwo˨/stain n ꤠꤤ /vi˦/; ꤠꤤꤗꤢ

stair n ꤋꤛꤢꤙꤥꤞꤢ /kʰja˨bo˧ʂu˧/stairway n ꤊꤢꤙꤥ /ka˨bo˧/; der. ꤋꤛꤢꤙꤥ

stake v ꤤꤏꤢꤒꤢꤗꤢ /i˨sʰɔ˦ta˨mɔ˧/; plant stakes in the ground n ꤒꤢꤗꤢ /ta˨mɔ˧/

stammer v ꤟꤢꤙꤢ ꤊꤢꤘꤥ /he˦bɛ˨ ka˨do˧/stand v ꤊꤢꤓꤢ /ka˨tʰɔ˨/; der. ꤤꤓꤢ

stand and come running phr ꤤꤓꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤟꤛꤢ

/i˨tʰɔ˨klja˨hja˧/stand and go phr ꤊꤢꤓꤢꤡꤛꤣ /ka˨tʰɔ˨ʤɯᵊ/;

der. ꤤꤓꤢꤡꤛꤣ

stand and go back phr ꤤꤓꤢꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ /i˨tʰɔ˨ka˨ kʰje˧/; der. ꤤꤓꤢꤊꤟꤢ

stand and leave phr ꤤꤓꤢꤓꤢꤊꤟꤢ /i˨tʰɔ˨tʰe˨ka˨ /

stand and look phr ꤊꤢꤓꤢꤗꤛꤢ /ka˨tʰɔ˨mja˦/stand and pray phr ꤤꤓꤢꤊꤝꤤꤡꤢꤙꤢ

/i˨tʰɔ˨kwi˧ʤɔ˦bɛ˧/stand and read phr ꤤꤓꤢꤟꤣ /i˨tʰɔ˨hə˦/stand and say phr ꤤꤓꤢꤟꤢ /i˨tʰɔ˨he˦/stand and tremble phr ꤤꤓꤢꤒꤢꤔꤛꤢ

/i˨tʰɔ˨ta˨nja˧/stand and warm oneself phr ꤤꤓꤢꤏꤝꤤ

/i˨tʰɔ˨sʰwi˦/stand around phr ꤊꤢꤓꤢꤥꤓꤥ

ꤊꤢꤓꤢꤥꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ka˨tʰɔ˨o˨tʰo˧ ka˨tʰɔ˨o˨lja˨ /stand firmly phr ꤤꤓꤢꤒꤢꤔꤛꤢ

ꤥꤊꤜꤟꤢꤏꤢꤗꤢ /i˨tʰɔ˨ta˨nja˧ o˨klɔ˨ sʰɔ˦ma˨/standing v ꤤꤓꤢꤥ /i˨tʰɔ˨o˨/; der. ꤥꤊꤢꤓꤢ

standing around phr ꤊꤢꤓꤢꤥꤓꤥ ꤊꤢꤓꤢꤥꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ka˨tʰɔ˨o˨tʰo˧ ka˨ tʰɔ˨lja˨ /

star n ꤏꤢ /sʰɛ˨/stare v ꤗꤛꤢꤒꤥꤘꤢꤟꤛꤢ /mja˦to˧dɛ˧hja˧/; to stare

straight at v ꤗꤛꤢꤊꤢꤜꤤ /mja˦ka˨li˧/start v ꤡꤢꤓꤛꤢ /dʒa˦tʰja˨/; begin

startle v ꤋꤛꤢ /kʰje˦/; der. ꤋꤛꤢꤐꤟꤢ; ꤗꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ

starvation n ꤒꤟꤢꤥꤠꤟꤤꤥꤊꤢ /tɛ˨ o˨vi ˧ o˨kɔ˧/starve to death phr ꤥꤠꤟꤤꤞꤛꤢ /o˨vi ˧ ʂje˧/starving adj ꤥꤠꤟꤤꤥꤊꤢ /o˨vi ˧ o˨kɔ˧/; der.

ꤥꤠꤟꤤꤥꤓꤛꤢ adj ꤞꤢꤠꤟꤤꤞꤢꤢ /ʂɛ˦vi ˧ ʂɛ˦e˨/state n ꤊꤟꤢ /ke˦ /

representative n ꤊꤟꤢꤒꤛꤢꤔꤟꤢ /ke˦ tja˦ne˦ /stay v ꤥ /o˨/; der. ꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣ; ꤥꤊꤛꤢ

stay awake phr ꤥꤞꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /o˨ʂa˧klja˧/stay behind phr ꤥꤊꤛꤢ /o˨kja˧/

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steadfast adj ꤊꤜꤟꤢꤗꤢ /klɔ˨ ma˨/; der. ꤥꤊꤜꤟꤢꤏꤢꤗꤢ; ꤥꤏꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢꤗꤢ; ꤥꤊꤜꤟꤢꤥꤗꤢ; ꤥꤊꤜꤟꤢꤗꤢ

steal v ꤢꤟꤌꤣꤢꤟꤤ /e˨hɯᵊ˨e˨hi˦/; der. ꤢꤟꤌꤣ;

ꤢꤟꤤ v ꤢꤖꤢ /e˨pʰe˨/; steal another's food v

ꤕꤟꤢꤖꤢꤛꤢꤕꤜꤢꤖꤢ /pɯ˦pʰe˨jɛ˦plɛ˦pʰe˨/; der. ꤖꤛꤢꤟꤌꤣ

stealing n ꤒꤟꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣꤢꤟꤤ /tɛ˨ e˨hɯᵊ˨e˨hi˦/steam n ꤊꤟꤌꤣꤞꤝꤤ /kɯᵊ˨ʂwi˦/steamed adj ꤢ /u˦/; steamed rice adj ꤞꤝꤤ /ʂwi˦/steep adj ꤜꤟꤢꤒꤢꤕꤚꤤ /la˦ ta˨pri˦/; steep bank or

side of a cliff; der. ꤒꤢꤔꤛꤢ; ꤒꤢꤔꤛꤢꤤꤗꤣ

steer v ꤙꤟꤌꤣ ꤒꤢꤚꤤꤡꤛꤣ /bɯᵊ˧ ta˨ri˦dʒɯ˦/step v ꤋꤢ /kʰɛ˧/; der. ꤋꤢꤒꤟꤢ v ꤐꤟꤤꤙꤢ /zi ˦ bɛ˨/;

crush with the foot n ꤋꤛꤢꤙꤥꤞꤢ /kʰja˨bo˧ʂu˧/; stair n ꤒꤟꤥ /to˦/; level

step around v ꤋꤢꤠꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ /kʰɛ˧vɔ˨ kja˧/steps n ꤋꤢꤙꤥ /kʰa˨bo˧/; der. ꤋꤢꤙꤥꤜꤥ

stew v ꤤꤖꤥꤢ /i˨pʰo˧u˧/stick n ꤤꤊꤝꤥ /i˨kwo˨/ n ꤤꤕꤜꤤ /i˨pli˦/sticky rice n ꤘꤤꤊꤢ /di˧ku˨/still v ꤕꤢ /pa˧/; der. ꤥꤕꤢ

sting v ꤢꤟꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢ /a˨ rja˧ /; der. ꤢꤟꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢꤏꤢ v

ꤒꤢꤡꤟꤢꤏꤢ /ta˨dʒɔ˦sʰɛ˧/; stings

stir up v ꤓꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ /tʰu˨rhja˧tʰja˨/; der. ꤓꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢ

stirred adj ꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢꤊꤢꤐꤛꤢ /ta˨pɯ˦ka˨zjɔ˦/; der. ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ ꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢꤊꤢꤐꤛꤢ

stomach n ꤖꤟꤌꤣ /pʰɯᵊ˧/; der. ꤟꤢꤊꤢ

stomach ache n ꤏꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣ /sʰɛ˧pʰɯᵊ˧/stomach growling phr ꤟꤢꤊꤢ ꤜꤝꤟꤥ /hɔ˦ku˧

lwo˧/stone n ꤜꤟꤢ /lɔ˦ / v ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢ /ta˦ ʂje˧/; throw

stones to kill

stone tablet n ꤜꤟꤢꤙꤢ /lɔ˦ ba˨/

stop v ꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣ /o˨kɯᵊ/; der. ꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣꤊꤛꤢ

storage container n ꤜꤟꤢꤙꤢꤔꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣꤒꤤꤒꤟꤢ /le˦ be˨na˦ ta˧ mɯᵊ˦ti˧tɛ˨ /

store v ꤙꤢꤘꤝꤥ /be˨dwo˦/; to save; der. ꤘꤝꤥ;

ꤙꤢꤥꤘꤝꤥ; ꤖꤛꤢꤘꤝꤥ n ꤒꤟꤢꤤꤏꤢꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ i˨sʰɛ˧kʰa˧le˦ /; place for selling v

ꤊꤢꤕꤜꤢꤙꤢꤘꤝꤥ /kɛ˦plɔ˦be˨dwo˦/; to cut and store the harvest; der. ꤊꤢꤊꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢ

storm n ꤊꤟꤢꤜꤢꤜꤛꤢ /ke˦ la˨lja˧/story n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ dja˦/straddle v ꤏꤤꤘꤛꤢ ꤙꤢꤘꤢ /ʃi˨dja˦ ba˧da˨/; to

straddle a horse

straight adj ꤡꤢꤚꤢꤔꤢ /ʤɔ˦ra˨nɛ˦/; der. ꤡꤢꤡꤢ

straighten v ꤗꤟꤢꤡꤢꤗꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢ /me˨ ʤɔ˦me˨ pe˧ /; make the road straight

strait n ꤊꤜꤢꤕꤜꤢ /klɯ˦plɛ˨/strange adj ꤋꤥꤋꤛꤢ /kʰo˦kʰje˨/strangle v ꤡꤤ /ʤi˨/; to choke or strangle; der.

ꤡꤤꤞꤛꤢ

strap n ꤏꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢꤖꤢ /sʰu˨plje˨pʰa˦/stream n ꤓꤛꤢꤊꤜꤥ /tʰje˧klo˧/street n ꤊꤜꤛꤢ /klja˦/; road

street corner n ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤓꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤒꤟꤥ /klja˦tʰɯ˧klja˦to˨/; der. ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤒꤟꤥ

strength n ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤚꤢ /tɛ˨ hɛ˧tɛ˨ re˨/; der. ꤟꤢ;

ꤟꤢꤚꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤏꤛꤥꤚꤢꤏꤢ

strengthen v ꤘꤛꤢꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢꤚꤢ /dje˦hɛ˧dje˦re˨/; to encourage; give strength v ꤗꤟꤢꤏꤛꤥꤗꤟꤢꤏꤢꤓꤛꤢ /me˨ ʃjo˨me˨ sʰɔ˧tʰja˨/; make stronger; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤏꤛꤥꤗꤟꤢꤏꤢ v ꤟꤢꤚꤢꤓꤛꤢ /hɛ˧re˨tʰja˨/; revive; strengthen

strengthened adj ꤟꤢꤏꤛꤥꤚꤢꤏꤢꤓꤛꤢ /hɛ˧ʃjo˨re˨sʰɔ˧tʰja˨/; der. ꤟꤢꤏꤛꤥꤟꤢꤏꤢꤓꤛꤢ adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤏꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨sʰɔ˧tʰja˨/

strengthening v ꤏꤛꤥꤓꤛꤢꤏꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ʃjo˨tʰja˨sʰɔ˧tʰja˨/; der. ꤏꤛꤥꤓꤛꤢ; ꤏꤢꤓꤛꤢ;

ꤏꤛꤥꤏꤢꤓꤛꤢ; ꤏꤢꤟꤛꤢ

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stretch v ꤡꤢ /dʒɯ˨/stretchy adj ꤐꤝꤥ /zwo˧/; stretchy like an elastic

band

stride v ꤐꤛꤢꤡꤟꤢ /zja˧dʒɛ˧ /; to walk with a long stride

strike v ꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢ /plja˦ /; with the fist; or slap

string n ꤏꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢ /sʰu˨plje˨/; rope

string bean n ꤊꤢꤙꤤꤞꤢ /kɔ˦bi˧ʂɛ˨/strip v ꤕꤜꤝꤥꤊꤛꤢ /plwo˦kja˧/; remove clothing

striped adj ꤢꤊꤚꤢ /a˨krɛ˦/; der. ꤊꤛꤢ

strive v ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤜꤢ /krɯ˧la˧/; labor hard; der. ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢ

strong adj ꤟꤢꤏꤛꤥꤚꤢꤏꤢ /hɛ˧ʃjo˨re˨sʰɔ˧/; to have strength; der. ꤏꤛꤥꤏꤢ; ꤏꤛꤥ; ꤏꤢ; ꤢꤏꤢ; ꤢꤏꤛꤥꤢꤏꤢ adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤏꤛꤥ ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤏꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨ʃjo˨ ʂɛ˦plɔ˨sʰɔ˧/; strong heart v

ꤗꤟꤢꤏꤛꤥꤗꤟꤢꤏꤢ /me˨ ʃjo˨me˨ sʰɔ˧/; to do strongly (i.e. struggle to do, etc.)

stronger adj ꤏꤛꤥꤜꤣ /ʃjo˨lə˦/; der. ꤏꤛꤥꤊꤜꤢ;

ꤏꤢꤊꤜꤢ adj ꤟꤢꤏꤛꤥꤚꤢꤏꤢꤊꤜꤢ /hɛ˧ʃjo˨re˨sʰɔ˧klɔ˧/

struggle v ꤏꤢꤏꤢ /sʰa˦ʃɯ˨/; to fight with; contend with

strum v ꤘꤢ /dɔ˨/; to strum a guitar; beat a drum; play a piano v ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢ /ta˨plje˧/; guitar

stubborn adj ꤋꤢꤜꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣ /kʰa˧lɛ˨dɯᵊ˧/; lit. thick eared adj ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢꤕꤚꤛꤢ /kʰu˨klɔ˦prje˧/; lit. hard headed; der. ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢꤕꤚꤛꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤛꤥ

stuck adj ꤥꤒꤟꤛꤢ /o˨thja˦/; unable to move adv

ꤑꤢꤒꤢꤊꤜꤣ /ɲe˦ta˨klə˦/; when a ship runs aground

stuck together adj ꤤꤡꤢ /i˦ʤɯ˧/; der. ꤤꤡꤢꤗꤢ

student n ꤞꤛꤥꤜꤤꤟꤥꤖꤢ /ʂwo˦li˨ho˧pʰu˦/study v ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤛꤥ /me˨ ʂwo˦/ v

ꤗꤛꤢꤕꤟꤢꤞꤢꤑꤢ /mja˦pu˧ʂɛ˦ŋe˧/; seek to know

stumble v ꤏꤤꤒꤢꤊꤜꤌꤣ /ʃi˦ta˨klə˧/; der. ꤏꤤꤒꤢꤊꤜꤌꤣꤙꤢ v ꤒꤢꤖꤢ; der. ꤒꤢꤖꤢ ꤜꤢꤋꤢ

stupid adj ꤒꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ /ta˨krɔ˧ /; der. ꤕꤢꤒꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ

sturdy adj ꤏꤢ /sʰɔ˧/; strong adj ꤋꤝꤥ /kʰwo˦/; durable; der. ꤋꤢꤑꤟꤢ

stutter v ꤟꤢꤙꤢ ꤊꤢꤘꤢꤊꤢꤘꤥ /he˦bɛ˨ ka˨da˦ka˨do˧/; stammer

submission n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ /tɛ˨ ʃja˨lja˨ ʂɛ˦plɔ˨/

submissive adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤥ ꤔꤟꤤꤘꤢ ꤢ ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨o˨ ni ˦ da˧ u˧ tɛ˨ he˦bɛ˨/; heart willing to obey another

submit v ꤏꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ /ʃja˨lja˨ ʂɛ˦plɔ˨/; lit. to push down the heart

subtract v ꤛꤥꤊꤛꤢ ꤕꤢꤒꤤ /jo˦kja˧ pa˨ti˦/; see minus; der. ꤚꤝꤤꤊꤛꤢ v ꤖꤛꤢꤓꤢꤊꤛꤢ /pʰje˦tʰe˨kja˧/; to take away

succeed v ꤜꤟꤢꤜꤢ /lɯ˨lɛ˦/; able to succeed v

ꤙꤢ /bɛ˦/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤙꤢ

suck v ꤡꤝꤤ /ʤwi˦/; der. ꤡꤝꤤꤥ v ꤕꤟꤌꤣ /pɯᵊ˨/; to suck on in the mouth

suckle v ꤥꤔꤢ /o˧nu˦/suffer v ꤋꤛꤢꤙꤢ /kʰja˦bɛ˨/; der. ꤋꤛꤢꤙꤢꤒꤟꤢ v

ꤋꤛꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤋꤛꤢꤡꤟꤢ /kʰja˦dʒje˧ kʰja˦dʒɯ˨/; to suffer persecution

suffer death phr ꤋꤛꤢꤞꤛꤢ /kʰja˦ʂje˧/suffer badly phr ꤋꤛꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤋꤛꤢꤡꤟꤢ

/kʰja˦ʤje˧ kʰja˦ʤɯ˨/; der. ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤜꤢ;

ꤋꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤋꤢꤡꤟꤢ

sufficient adj ꤜꤣꤙꤢ /lə˦ba˧/sugar n ꤤꤞꤢꤏꤢ /i˨ʂɛ˨ʃɯ˧/sugar beet n ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤢꤏꤢ /ta˨plɛ˨ʃɯ˧/sugar palm n ꤓꤢꤍꤢꤗꤟꤢ /tʰa˨ŋɛ˦mɔ˦ /sugarcane n ꤘꤤꤊꤜꤛꤢꤙꤥ /di˧klja˧bo˧/; der.

ꤘꤤꤊꤜꤛꤢꤗꤟꤢ

suicide n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢ ꤔꤟꤤꤘꤢ ꤔꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ me˨ sje˧ ni ˦ dɯ˨ ne˦ /

suitable adj ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤥꤒꤟꤢꤙꤢ /ta˧ to˧ta˧ bɛ˨/suitcase n ꤕꤟꤛꤢꤘꤢ /pje˧ du˨/

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sulfur n ꤛꤢꤞꤢꤙꤛꤢ /ja˨ʂu˦bja˧/; der. ꤜꤟꤢꤗꤤꤢ

summer n ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤋꤢ /ke˦ kṳ˦kʰɛ˧/summit n ꤏꤥꤋꤛꤢ /sʰo˨kʰje˧/sun n ꤒꤢꤗꤟꤢ /ta˨mɔ˦ /; der. ꤗꤟꤢ; ꤒꤢꤗꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ

Sunday n ꤗꤟꤢꤑꤢꤘꤟꤌꤣ /mɔ˦ ɲe˧dɯᵊ˨/sunflower seed n ꤒꤢꤗꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢ /ta˨mɔ˦ plɔ˨/sunrise n ꤒꤢꤗꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ta˨mɔ˦ tʰja˨/sunset n ꤒꤢꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ta˨mɔ˦ ta˧ /; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ

sunshine n ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤢꤙꤛꤢ /ke˦ kṳ˦a˧bja˧/suppose v ꤟꤢꤊꤟꤌꤣꤚꤢ /he˦kɯᵊre˦/; also means

"if"

suppress v ꤏꤛꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢ ꤘꤢꤙꤤ /ʃja˨klɔ˨ dɔ˦bi˦/sure adj ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ta˧ te˨ /; careful

surface n ꤋꤥꤋꤢ /kʰo˧kʰu˨/surprise n ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢ

/tɛ˨ kʰje˦ʂu˨kʰje˦ʂɛ˦/surprised adj ꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢ /kʰje˦ʂu˨kʰje˦ʂɛ˦/

adj ꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢ /ta˨pa˨ kʰje˦ʂu˨/surrender v ꤙꤢꤒꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ /be˨ta˧ kja˧/; to put

down something; der. ꤜꤢꤡꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ

surround v ꤙꤢꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ /bɔ˨ta˨va˨ /surrounding n ꤋꤢꤏꤢꤋꤢꤏꤛꤢ /kʰa˧sʰɔ˧kʰa˧ʃje˦/

adj ꤒꤢꤠꤤꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ /ta˨vi˧ta˨va˨ /; der. ꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ;

ꤥꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ; ꤥꤒꤢꤠꤤꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ

swallow v ꤐꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢ /zṳ˦klu˧/ v ꤕꤤꤊꤜꤢ /pi˦klu˧/; der. ꤕꤤꤊꤜꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ v ꤓꤢꤕꤜꤢ /thu˨plɛ˦/; bird

swamp n ꤔꤥ /no˦/swarm adv ꤊꤚꤌꤣ /krə˧/; der. ꤊꤚꤝꤥꤊꤚꤌꤣ

sway v ꤝꤥ /wo˦/; to sway in the wind

swear v ꤙꤛꤢꤢꤍꤟꤥ /bja˧a˨ŋo˦/swear an oath v ꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢꤢꤗꤢ /e˨klɔ˨ e˨ma˨/

sweat n ꤊꤟꤢꤞꤢ /kṳ˦ʂa˧/ v ꤊꤟꤢꤞꤢꤓꤢ /kṳ˦ʂa˧tʰe˨/

sweater n ꤡꤟꤢꤞꤥꤏꤢ /dʒa˨ ʂo˧sʰɯ˨/sweep v ꤘꤢꤕꤜꤤꤘꤢꤜꤟꤢ /du˧pli˧du˧la˦ /; der. ꤘꤢ

sweet adj ꤏꤢ /sʰɯ˧/; der. ꤢꤏꤢ

sweet potato n ꤊꤚꤌꤣ /krɯᵊ˨/swell v ꤐꤟꤢꤟꤛꤢ /za˦ hja˧/swim v ꤤꤐꤟꤥꤓꤛꤢ /i˨zo˧tʰje˧/; der. ꤐꤥ; ꤐꤥꤓꤛꤢ;

ꤒꤢꤐꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ

swimming pool n ꤤꤐꤟꤥꤓꤛꤢꤢꤘꤢ /i˨zo˧tʰje˧ɔ˨du˨/

swing v ꤓꤢꤝꤥ /tʰu˨wo˦/swollen adj ꤛꤝꤥ /jwo˦/; swollen bump

sword n ꤘꤤꤓꤥꤔꤢꤊꤟꤌꤣ /di˨tʰo˦nɛ˦kɯᵊ/ n ꤔꤢ /nɛ˦/

synagogue n ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤢꤙꤢꤟꤥ /tɛ˨ ʤɔ˦bɛ˧ho˧/syringe n ꤓꤢ /tʰɛ˦/; needle

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T t

table n ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤜꤣ /kʰu˨klja˦tʰja˨lə˧/tablet n ꤜꤟꤢꤙꤢ /lɔ˦ ba˨/; writing tablet n

ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢꤕꤜꤢ /tɛ˨ kʰu˨plɔ˨/; medicine

tadpole n ꤘꤤꤕꤜꤢꤋꤢ /di˨plɔ˨kʰɛ˨/; pollywog

tail n ꤋꤢꤗꤟꤤ /kʰa˧mi ˦ /tailbone n ꤋꤢꤑꤟꤢ /kʰa˧ɲa˧ /take v ꤖꤛꤢ /pʰje˦/; der. ꤖꤛꤢꤔꤟꤤ v ꤗꤟꤢ

ꤐꤟꤢꤐꤟꤥ /mɯ˧ za˦ zo˨/; take a picture

take note of phr ꤗꤛꤢꤒꤥꤗꤢ /mja˦to˧ma˨/; see and remember

take by force phr ꤖꤛꤢꤖꤢ /pʰje˦pʰe˨/take captive phr ꤕꤟꤢꤘꤢꤥ /pɯ˦dɔ˦o˨/;

imprison

take revenge phr ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤏꤢ ꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ /me˨ lje˧ sʰɯ˨ ka˨ kʰje˧/; repay; retaliate

take for a moment phr ꤖꤛꤢꤊꤟꤌꤣ /pʰje˦kɯᵊ˦/; borrow

take out phr ꤖꤛꤢꤓꤢ /pʰje˦tʰe˨/; remove

take in phr ꤖꤛꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /pʰje˦nɯᵊ/take away from phr ꤖꤛꤢꤖꤢꤋꤛꤢ

/pʰje˦pʰe˨kʰje˦/; grab back; der. ꤖꤛꤢꤊꤛꤢꤜꤟꤢꤖꤢ

take care of phr ꤗꤛꤢꤋꤝꤢ /mja˦kʰwɛ˨/; care for

talk v ꤟꤢꤙꤢ /he˦bɛ˨/; speak; der. ꤟꤢꤏꤛꤣ

talk together phr ꤟꤢꤙꤢ ꤋꤛꤢꤜꤢ /he˦bɛ˨ kʰje˧lu˧/

talk in circles phr ꤟꤢꤙꤢꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ /he˦bɛ˨ta˨va˨ /talk up and down phr ꤟꤢꤙꤢꤓꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ

/he˦bɛ˨tʰja˨lja˨ /; talk up and down, always saying something different

tall adj ꤢꤓꤢ /a˨tʰu˧/; long; der. ꤓꤢꤓꤛꤢ

tallest adj ꤘꤢꤓꤢꤜꤣ /du˨tʰu˧lə˦/tamarind n ꤗꤢꤊꤜꤢꤞꤢ /ma˨kla˦ʂɛ˨/

tame adj ꤔꤟꤛꤢ /nja˨ /tapioca n ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤞꤢ /krɯ˨ʂɔ˨/tassle n ꤡꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢꤋꤢꤗꤟꤤ /ʤa˨ kja˧kʰa˧mi ˦ /; on

the edge of a shirt n ꤕꤟꤛꤢꤕꤚꤟꤛꤢ /pje˧ prja˨ /; tassles on a bag

taste v ꤥꤗꤛꤢ /o˧mja˦/; to try tasting v ꤕꤟꤌꤣꤗꤛꤢ

/pɯᵊ˨mja˦/; suck on-see/try v ꤤꤜꤛꤢꤗꤛꤢ /i˨lje˨mja˦/ n ꤞꤥꤚꤥ /ʂo˧ro˧/; der. ꤠꤟꤤ

tasty adj ꤠꤤ /vi˨/; der. ꤢꤠꤤ

tax n ꤢꤗꤥꤢꤚꤢ /a˨mo˨a˨ra˦/tax collector n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤊꤝꤤꤢꤗꤥꤢꤚꤢ

/prɛ˨ kwi˧a˨mo˨a˨ra˦/; person who asks for tax

tax office n ꤜꤟꤢꤊꤝꤤꤢꤗꤥꤢꤚꤢ /le˦ kwi˧a˨mo˨a˨ra˦/

taxi n ꤜꤟꤥꤋꤛꤢꤞꤛꤣꤋꤥ /lo˦kʰja˨ʂɯᵊ˧kʰo˦/tea n ꤔꤤꤜꤢ /ni˧lɛ˨/ n ꤓꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢꤏꤢ /tʰje˧ku˦sʰɛ˧/tea leaves n ꤔꤤꤜꤢꤊꤚꤢ /ni˧lɛ˨kra˧/teach v ꤤꤞꤛꤥꤤꤞꤛꤢ /i˨ʂjo˦i˨ʂja˧/; der. ꤤꤞꤛꤥ;

ꤤꤞꤛꤥꤒꤟꤢ; ꤟꤢꤞꤛꤥꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢ

teach clearly phr ꤤꤞꤛꤥꤜꤟꤢꤤꤞꤛꤥꤜꤤ /i˨ʂjo˦la˦ i˨ʂjo˦li˧/

teach correctly phr ꤤꤞꤛꤥꤒꤥꤤꤞꤛꤥꤙꤢ /i˨ʂjo˦to˧i˨ʂjo˦bɛ˨/

teach falsely phr ꤤꤞꤛꤥꤞꤢ /i˨ʂjo˦ʂɯ˦/; teach wrongly

teach to know phr ꤤꤞꤛꤥꤞꤢꤑꤢ /i˨ʂjo˦ʂɛ˦ɲe˧/teacher n ꤞꤢꤚꤢ /ʂa˦ra˦/; der. ꤞꤢꤚꤢꤘꤢ

ꤞꤢꤗꤢꤓꤢ; ꤞꤢꤚꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣ n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤤꤞꤛꤥꤤꤞꤛꤢ

/prɛ˨ i˨ʂjo˦i˨ʂja˧/teaching n ꤒꤟꤢꤤꤞꤛꤥꤤꤞꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ i˨ʂjo˦i˨ʂja˧/; der.

ꤒꤟꤢꤤꤞꤛꤥ

team n ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤢꤠꤢ ꤢꤗꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ la˨vɔ˧ a˨mu˨/; sports group; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤢꤠꤢꤕꤜꤢ

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tear v ꤓꤢꤐꤟꤢ /tʰɔ˦zɛ˧ /; rip; der. ꤐꤟꤢ; ꤜꤢꤐꤟꤢ;

ꤜꤢꤐꤟꤢ n ꤓꤢꤒꤢꤛꤝꤤ /tʰɔ˦ta˨jwi˦/; a rip n

ꤗꤢꤞꤢꤓꤛꤢ /mɛ˨ʂɛ˨tʰje˧/; tears

tease v ꤏꤢꤙꤢ /sʰu˨bɛ˦/; joke v

ꤕꤢꤒꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣꤓꤛꤢ /pa˨ta˦pʰɯᵊ˧tʰja˧/; joke

tee-shirt n ꤡꤟꤢꤛꤝꤥ /dʒa˨ zjo˦/teeth n ꤋꤢꤋꤛꤢ /kʰu˨kʰje˧/teeth (baby) n ꤕꤢꤡꤟꤢ ꤋꤢꤋꤛꤢ /pa˨dʒɛ˦

kʰu˨kʰje˧/teeth (canine) n ꤋꤢꤋꤛꤢꤓꤝꤤ /kʰu˨kʰje˧tʰwi˨/;

fang, eyetooth

telephone n ꤓꤢꤜꤤꤖꤥ /tʰɛ˨li˨pʰo˧/; borrowed word from English

tell v ꤘꤛꤢ /dja˦/; to talk or tell about; explain; der. ꤘꤛꤢꤏꤥꤜꤟꤌꤣ v ꤟꤢꤏꤥ /he˦sʰo˨/; der. ꤟꤢ;

ꤟꤢꤏꤥꤘꤣꤑꤢ

temperate v ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤞꤢꤚꤛꤢꤏꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ ꤢꤔꤟꤢ /ʤje˦ ʂa˧rja˧sʰa˧prɛ˦ a˨ne˦ /; to be sober-serious in character

temple n ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤢꤒꤛꤢꤟꤥ /tɛ˨ lu˧tja˧ho˧/; offering palace

tempt v ꤤꤜꤥꤤꤜꤛꤢ /i˨lo˨i˨lja˦/; der. ꤤꤜꤥ;

ꤤꤜꤥꤕꤛꤢꤤꤜꤥꤊꤛꤢ v ꤤꤜꤥꤓꤢꤡꤝꤤ /i˨lo˨tʰɔ˦dʒwi˨/; tempt-persuade

tempt to go phr ꤤꤜꤥꤡꤛꤣ /i˨lo˨ʤɯᵊ˦/temptation n ꤒꤟꤢꤤꤜꤥꤤꤜꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ i˨lo˨i˨lja˦/tempter n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤤꤜꤥꤤꤜꤛꤢ /prɛ˨ i˨lo˨i˨lja˦/ten n ꤏꤛꤢ /ʃje˦/ten thousand n ꤒꤣꤞꤢ /tə˨ʂɔ˦/; der. -ꤞꤢ

tenant n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤢ /prɛ˨ kʰja˧e˨/; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ

tendon n ꤓꤝꤥ /tʰwo˨/; sinew; muscle to bone

termite n ꤊꤢꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣꤖꤢ /ka˨rɔ˦ mɯᵊpʰɛ˧/; found in bamboo; der. ꤊꤟꤛꤢ; ꤕꤟꤢꤝꤥ

termite dust n ꤊꤢꤚꤟꤢꤤ /ka˨rɔ˦ i˨/

test v ꤡꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤗꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢ /ʤe˨ mja˦me˨ mja˦/; to test someone; der. ꤡꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢ; ꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤗꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ me˨ mja˦/

testicle n ꤘꤛꤢ /dje˨/testify v ꤋꤛꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ /kʰja˦lɯᵊ˧/ v ꤟꤢꤓꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ

/he˦tʰe˨lɯᵊ˧/testimony n ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢ /tɛ˨ kʰja˦ʂɛ˦/tetanus n ꤋꤢꤏꤢ /kʰɛ˨sʰɔ˧/Thailand n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤐꤝꤤꤊꤟꤢ /pre˦ zwi˨ke˨ /thank v ꤟꤢꤙꤝꤤꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢ /he˦bwi˦he˦ta˨rje˧/;

der. ꤟꤢꤙꤝꤤ v ꤊꤢꤊꤥꤓꤛꤢ /kɛ˦ko˧tʰja˨/thank you phr ꤒꤟꤢꤙꤝꤤ /tɛ˨ bwi˦/thanks n ꤒꤟꤢꤙꤝꤤꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢ

/tɛ˨ bwi˦tɛ˨ ta˨rje˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤙꤝꤤ

thanksgiving n ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤙꤝꤤꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ he˦bwi˦he˦ta˨rje˧/

that pron ꤔꤛꤣ /nɯᵊ˨/ conj ꤔꤢ /na˦/; i.e. he said 'that'

that is phr ꤔꤛꤣꤗꤢ /nɯᵊ˨ma˨/theater n ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤢꤠꤤꤜꤢꤠꤢ ꤢꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ

/tɛ˨ la˨vi˨la˨vɔ˧ a˨kʰa˧le˦ /; der. ꤜꤟꤢꤜꤢꤠꤤꤜꤢꤠꤢ ꤢꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ

theft n ꤒꤟꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣꤢꤟꤤ /tɛ˨ e˨ɯᵊ˨e˨hi˦/them pron ꤢꤞꤤ /ɛ˨ʂi˧/; 3rd person plural; see

'they'

then conj ꤓꤛꤣꤚꤢ /tʰɯᵊ˧rɔ˦/ conj ꤚꤢ /rɔ˦/; and; then; so; der. ꤟꤢꤚꤢ conj ꤒꤢꤚꤢ /tɯ˦rɔ˦/; then, and then conj ꤟꤢꤗꤢ /he˦ma˨/; if it's like that, then

there adv ꤘꤣ ꤔꤛꤣ /də˦ nɯᵊ˨/; lit. at that; der. ꤙꤤꤔꤛꤣ

therefore conj ꤢꤋꤢꤢꤋꤛꤢ /a˨kʰu˨a˨kʰje˧/; for that reason; because; der. ꤋꤢꤋꤛꤢ; ꤖꤢꤔꤛꤣꤋꤢꤋꤛꤢꤚꤢ conj ꤖꤢꤔꤛꤣꤚꤢ /pʰu˦nɯᵊ˨rɔ˦/

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these pron ꤛꤢꤒꤢꤟꤢꤔꤛꤣ /je˧ta˨he˨nɯᵊ˨/; der. ꤛꤢꤔꤛꤣꤒꤢꤟꤢ; ꤛꤢꤒꤢꤟꤢ; ꤛꤢꤔꤛꤣ

these things n ꤒꤟꤢꤛꤢꤒꤢꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ je˧ta˨he˨/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤛꤢꤒꤢꤟꤢꤔꤛꤣ; ꤒꤟꤢꤛꤢꤔꤛꤣꤒꤢꤟꤢ

they pron ꤢꤞꤤ /ɛ˨ʂi˧/; 3rd person plural

thick adj ꤘꤟꤌꤣ /dɯᵊ˦/thief n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣꤢꤟꤤ /prɛ˨ e˨hɯᵊ˨e˨hi˦/; der.

ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤢꤟꤌꤣ

thigh n ꤋꤛꤢꤊꤛꤢ /kʰja˨kje˨/thin adj ꤊꤚꤟꤛꤢ /krja˧ / adj ꤙꤢ /bɯ˧˧ ˧/; der.

ꤙꤢꤚꤢꤟꤤ; ꤢꤙꤢ

thing n ꤒꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ / n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣꤒꤤꤒꤟꤢ /ta˧ mɯᵊ˦ti˧tɛ˨ / n ꤒꤢꤗꤤꤒꤢꤡꤣ /ta˨mi˧ta˨dʒə˨/; something

things n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ta˨he˨/think v ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢ /ta˨ne˨ /; der. ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ

think beforehand phr ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤥꤔꤟꤢ /ta˨ne˨ o˨ne˨ /

think incorrectly phr ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤞꤢ /ta˨ne˨ ʂɯ˦/; think wrongly; mistaken

think through phr ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤓꤢ /ta˨ne˦ tʰe˨/third number ꤞꤛꤣꤜꤢꤜꤣ /ʂɯᵊ˧lu˦lə˦/

third level phr ꤞꤛꤣꤒꤟꤥꤒꤣꤒꤟꤥ /ʂɯᵊ˧to˦tə˨to˦/

third person phr ꤞꤛꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢꤒꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢ /ʂɯᵊ˧prɛ˨ tə˨prɛ˨ /

third thing phr ꤞꤛꤣꤡꤣꤒꤣꤡꤣ /ʂɯᵊ˧ʤə˨tə˨ʤə˨/

third time phr ꤞꤛꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣꤒꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣ /ʂɯᵊ˧pʰɯᵊtə˨pʰɯᵊ/

thirsty adj ꤞꤢꤥꤓꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˦o˧tʰje˧/; der. ꤞꤢꤠꤟꤤꤞꤢꤥ

thirteen number ꤏꤛꤢꤞꤛꤣ /ʃje˦ʂɯᵊ˧/thirty number ꤞꤛꤣꤏꤛꤢ /ʂɯᵊ˧ʃje˧/

this pron ꤛꤢ /je˧/ n ꤒꤟꤢꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ je˧/; this thing; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤛꤢꤔꤛꤣ

this thing phr ꤒꤟꤢꤛꤢꤒꤣꤡꤣ /tɛ˨ je˧tə˨ʤə˨/thongs n ꤋꤢꤖꤢꤓꤛꤢꤢ /kʰu˨pʰa˦tʰja˨ɛ˧/; flip flops;

sandals; der. ꤋꤢꤘꤛꤢꤖꤢ

thorn bush n ꤞꤢꤏꤛꤢꤗꤟꤢ /ʂɔ˨ʃja˦mɔ˦ /thorns n ꤞꤢꤏꤛꤢꤞꤢꤕꤚꤢ /ʂɔ˨ʃja˦ʂɔ˨pru˧/; der.

ꤞꤢꤏꤛꤢ; ꤞꤢꤏꤛꤢ ꤊꤟꤤꤏꤛꤢ

those dem ꤔꤛꤣꤒꤢꤟꤢ /nɯᵊ˨ta˨he˨/thought n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ta˨ne˨ /; der.

ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢ

thousand n ꤞꤢ /ʂɔ˦/; der. ꤢꤚꤤ

thousands n ꤢꤞꤤ /a˨ʂi˧/ n ꤢꤚꤤꤢꤞꤢꤊꤢ /a˨ri˦a˨ʂɔ˦ku˧/

thread n ꤜꤟꤌꤣ /lɯᵊ˨/; yarn

three number ꤞꤢꤞꤛꤣ /ʂɛ˦ʂɯᵊ˧/; der. ꤞꤛꤣ

three days from now phr ꤏꤥꤋꤛꤢ /sʰo˧kʰje˧/three hours phr ꤞꤛꤣꤗꤢ /ʂɯᵊ˧mɯ˧/three people phr ꤞꤛꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢ /ʂɯᵊ˧prɛ˨ /three things phr ꤞꤛꤣꤡꤣ /ʂɯᵊ˧ʤə˨/three times phr ꤞꤛꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣ /ʂɯᵊ˧pʰɯᵊ/three years phr ꤞꤛꤣꤔꤢ /ʂɯᵊ˧na˨/

throat n ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤊꤚꤥ /kja˧ kro˨/throne n ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤜꤣ /kʰu˨klja˦tʰja˨lə˧/;

der. ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤓꤢꤓꤛꤢꤜꤣ; ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤓꤢ

through prep ꤘꤤꤒꤢ /di˧tɯ˦/ adv ꤜꤢꤕꤜꤢ /lu˨plu˦/; to pass through an area or know someone's thoughts; der. ꤡꤛꤣ ꤜꤢꤕꤜꤢ; ꤞꤢꤑꤢ ꤜꤢꤕꤜꤢ

throw v ꤠꤤ /vi˧/; der. ꤏꤢ v ꤒꤟꤢ /ta˦ /; throw stones v ꤟꤢ /ha˦/; throw water; splash

throw down phr ꤠꤤꤒꤟꤢꤕꤢꤏꤤ /vi˧ta˧ pa˨ʃi˧/; throw-spreading down (i.e. seeds); der. ꤏꤢꤒꤟꤢ; ꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ phr ꤜꤝꤤꤒꤟꤢ /lwi˦ta˧ /; spread (i.e. chicken feed)

throw away phr ꤠꤤꤊꤛꤢ /vi˧kja˧/; discard

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throw up v ꤕꤚꤛꤢ /prja˦/; vomit; der. ꤕꤚꤛꤢꤞꤢꤕꤚꤛꤢꤜꤢ

thrust through phr ꤏꤢ /sʰɯ˧/; pierce with a sword

thumb n ꤊꤢꤔꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣꤘꤢ /ka˨nɔ˧mɯᵊdu˨/thumbnail n ꤊꤢꤔꤢꤘꤢꤜꤢ /ka˨nɔ˧du˨lɛ˨/thunder n ꤏꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ʃje˨lja˨ / n

ꤗꤟꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤍꤟꤌꤣ /mɔ˦ krɔ˧ mɔ˦ ŋɯᵊ˦/; sound of thunder; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ; ꤊꤚꤟꤢ

thunderstorm n ꤗꤟꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢꤏꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /mɔ˦ krɔ˧ ʃje˨lja˨ /

Thursday n ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤝꤟꤤꤑꤢ /mɔ˦ lwi ˧ ɲe˧/tibia n ꤋꤛꤢꤋꤤꤊꤚꤝꤤ /kʰja˨kʰi˨krwi˦/tick n ꤋꤛꤢ /kʰje˨/ticket n ꤜꤤꤙꤢ /li˨ba˨/tickle v ꤊꤢꤜꤤ /kɔ˨li˦/ticklish adj ꤊꤢꤐꤟꤢ /ka˨zɔ˦ /tie v ꤊꤛꤢ /kje˧/; tie into a bundle; der. ꤊꤛꤢꤊꤜꤢ

v ꤑꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ɲa˦ tʰja˨/; to tie around the waist v

ꤡꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢꤗꤢ /ʤɔ˧klɔ˨ ma˨/; bind or tie up; der. ꤡꤢ; ꤡꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢ

tiger n ꤖꤟꤌꤣꤋꤤ /pʰɯᵊ˧kʰi˧/tight adv ꤊꤜꤟꤢꤗꤢ /klɔ˨ ma˨/time n ꤏꤛꤣꤋꤢ /ʃɯᵊkʰɛ˧/; situation at that time;

der. ꤢꤏꤛꤣꤢꤋꤢ; ꤢꤋꤢ n -ꤖꤟꤌꤣ /-pʰɯᵊ˦/; classifier for one-time, two-times, etc. n ꤊꤟꤢ- /ke˦ -/; season of time (i.e. rainy season/time) n ꤢꤋꤢ /a˨kʰɛ˧/; at that (time) n

ꤟꤢ /hɯ˨/; der. ꤒꤣꤟꤢ

it's time phr ꤏꤛꤣꤋꤢꤙꤢ /ʃɯᵊkʰɛ˧bɛ˨/right time phr ꤏꤛꤣꤋꤢꤒꤥ /ʃɯᵊkʰɛ˧to˧/; der.

ꤒꤥꤏꤛꤣꤒꤥꤋꤢ

time after time phr ꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢ /hɯ˨ple˨/timid adj ꤒꤢꤚꤟꤌꤣ /ta˨rɯᵊ˨/tingly adj ꤒꤢꤠꤤ /ta˨vi˦/; numb

tiny n ꤕꤢꤒꤤꤖꤢ /pa˨ti˦pʰu˦/; very small amount; der. ꤕꤢꤒꤤꤖꤢꤕꤚꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤢꤒꤤꤖꤢ

tired adj ꤞꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤜꤢꤘꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˦pra˦ la˨dja˦/; tired-faint; der. ꤞꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ; ꤢꤜꤢꤘꤢ

title v ꤕꤟꤥꤓꤛꤢ /po˦tʰja˨/; to give a name or title to

to prep ꤘꤣ /də˦/; also 'at'

toast n ꤊꤢꤗꤢꤤꤙꤢ /kɔ˦mu˧i˨bɯ˧/ v ꤊꤜꤟꤢ /kla˦ /; to clink glasses together in a toast

tobacco n ꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢ /ta˨rje˨/; der. ꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢꤗꤟꤢ

tobacco pipe n ꤜꤢꤊꤢ /la˨kɔ˧/today n ꤛꤢꤒꤣꤑꤢ /je˧tə˨ɲe˧/toe n ꤋꤛꤢꤔꤢ /kʰja˨sɔ˧/

toe (middle) n ꤋꤛꤢꤔꤢꤊꤜꤢꤗꤢ /kʰja˨nɔ˧kla˧me˧/

toe (second) n ꤋꤛꤢꤔꤢꤐꤟꤢ /kʰja˨nɔ˧zu˧/toe (little) n ꤋꤛꤢꤔꤢꤖꤢꤏꤢ /kʰja˨nɔ˧pʰu˦sʰɛ˦/toe (big) n ꤋꤛꤢꤔꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣꤘꤢ

/kʰja˨nɔ˧mɯᵊ˦du˨/toe (fourth) n ꤋꤛꤢꤔꤢꤘꤢꤐꤟꤢ

/kʰja˨nɔ˧du˨za˦ /toenail n ꤋꤛꤢꤔꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣꤙꤢ /kʰja˨nɔ˧mɯᵊ˦ba˦/together adv ꤒꤟꤣ /tə˦ /; der. ꤒꤟꤣꤜꤢ; ꤥꤒꤟꤣ;

ꤥꤒꤟꤣꤊꤟꤌꤣ; ꤥꤒꤟꤣꤜꤢ adv ꤕꤚꤟꤥꤊꤟꤌꤣ /pro˦kɯᵊ˧/ adv ꤚꤟꤥꤜꤢ /ro˦lu˧/; der. ꤚꤟꤥ

together as a crowd phr ꤥꤕꤜꤢꤕꤜꤢꤖꤢ /o˨plɔ˦plu˨pʰɛ˨/

together in a group phr ꤥꤒꤟꤣꤥꤕꤜꤢ /o˨tə˦ o˨plɔ˦/; der. ꤥꤕꤜꤢꤥꤒꤟꤣ;

ꤥꤕꤜꤢꤒꤟꤣꤜꤟꤢ; ꤥꤕꤜꤢ; ꤥꤕꤜꤢꤒꤟꤣ; ꤥꤕꤜꤢꤜꤟꤢ; ꤚꤟꤥ

toilet n ꤤꤕꤟꤥ /i˨po˨/; der. ꤏꤢꤟꤢꤕꤟꤥ

toilsome adj ꤞꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤞꤢꤒꤟꤌꤣ /ʂɛ˦pra˦ ʂɛ˦tɯᵊ˧/tomato n ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤏꤛꤢꤞꤢ /kja˦ ʃje˨ʂɛ˨/tomb n ꤜꤟꤌꤣꤋꤢ /lɯᵊ˧kʰu˨/; der. ꤜꤟꤌꤣꤊꤢ

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tomorrow n ꤏꤛꤢꤕꤢꤚꤥ /ʃje˦pa˨ro˧/; der. ꤕꤢꤚꤥ

tongue n ꤕꤜꤟꤤ /pli ˨ /tonight n ꤛꤢꤒꤣꤞꤢ /je˧tə˨ʂɛ˦/ n ꤛꤢꤒꤣꤞꤢ

/je˧tə˨ʂɛ˧/tonsillitis n ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤓꤤꤛꤛꤢ /kja˧ tʰi˨zja˦/too much phr ꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥꤒꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ta˨lwo˦ta˨lje˨ /;

der. ꤒꤢꤜꤝꤥ

tooth n ꤋꤢꤋꤛꤢ /kʰu˨kʰje˧/toothbrush n ꤜꤟꤢꤓꤢꤋꤢꤋꤛꤢꤙꤥ

/le˦ tʰɯ˦kʰu˨kʰje˧bo˧/toothpaste n ꤋꤢꤋꤛꤢꤜꤟꤢꤓꤢꤙꤥ

/kʰu˨kʰje˧le˦ tʰɯ˦bo˧/top n ꤢꤋꤢ /a˨kʰu˨/; der. -ꤋꤢ

top to bottom phr ꤊꤢꤓꤛꤢꤊꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ka˨tʰja˨ka˨lja˨ /

torch n ꤗꤤꤊꤟꤛꤢ ꤒꤢꤚꤢꤙꤥ /mi˨kja˧ ta˨rɛ˦bo˧/; flaming candle

torn adj ꤜꤢꤐꤛꤢ /la˨zjɛ˧/tornado n ꤒꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤓꤢꤠꤟꤤ /ta˨lje˨ tʰɔ˦vi ˧ /torrent n ꤓꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤋꤥ /tʰje˧lja˦ tʰje˧kʰo˦/;

rushing water n ꤓꤛꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤋꤥ /tʰje˧lhja˦tʰje˧kʰo˧/; torrent

tortoise n ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤤꤏꤥ /ta˨kli˦sʰo˨/; mountain turtle

torture v ꤗꤟꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤗꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢ /me˨ ʤje˧ me˨ ʤɯ˨/; persecute

touch v ꤒꤣ /tə˨/; der. ꤒꤣꤙꤢ

tough adj ꤐꤝꤥ /zwo˧/; tough meat

towel n ꤊꤢꤓꤥ /ka˨tʰo˧/town n ꤠꤟꤤ /vi ˧ /; city

township n ꤠꤟꤤꤗꤟꤌꤣ /vi ˧ mɯᵊ˧/toy n ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤢꤠꤢ /tɛ˨ la˨vɔ˧/trachea n ꤊꤟꤢꤜꤢꤞꤢꤊꤜꤥ /ke˦ la˨ʂɛ˦klo˧/;

windpipe

track v ꤜꤟꤢꤚꤝꤥ /lɯ˨rwo˦/; to track an animal

trade v ꤊꤟꤢ /kɯ˦/; to do business

tradition n ꤜꤟꤢꤊꤜꤥꤗꤟꤢ /le˦ klo˧me˨ /train n ꤜꤟꤥꤗꤤꤢ /lo˦mi˨ɯ˧/; railroad train v

ꤞꤛꤥꤞꤛꤢ /ʂwo˦ʂja˨/training n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤛꤥꤒꤥ /tɛ˨ ʂwo˦to˧/; teaching;

der. ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤛꤥ

trample v ꤤꤐꤟꤤꤒꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /i˨zi ˦ ta˨prɔ˦ /; der. ꤐꤟꤤꤒꤢꤕꤚꤢ; ꤋꤢꤐꤟꤤꤡꤛꤣ

translate v ꤚꤢꤕꤟꤥꤓꤢ /ra˧po˨tʰe˨/; translate; publish; der. ꤕꤟꤥꤓꤢꤍꤟꤥ; ꤕꤟꤥꤓꤢꤜꤤ

translator n ꤕꤚꤟꤢ ꤕꤟꤥꤓꤢꤏꤢꤊꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ /prɛ˨ po˨tʰe˨ʃɯ˨ka˨ kʰje˧/

transparent adj ꤗꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ ꤜꤢꤕꤜꤢ /mja˦tʰje˨ lu˨plu˦/ adj ꤏꤢꤊꤢꤜꤤ /sʰɛ˦ka˨li˧/

trap n ꤤꤒꤢꤠꤟꤤ /i˨ta˨vi ˧ / n ꤎꤢ /sa˨/; type of fish trap n ꤘꤢꤕꤟꤢ /da˦pa˧ / n ꤘꤢꤘꤥ /da˦do˧/; trap for small animals n ꤒꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢ /ta˨dʒja˧ /; trap which lifts the animal off the ground

trash n ꤞꤢꤞꤝꤤꤞꤢꤘꤢ /ʂɔ˨ʂwi˦ʂɔ˨dɔ˧/; der. ꤞꤢꤞꤝꤤ

travel n ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤛꤣꤒꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ʤɯᵊtɛ˨ ka˨ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤛꤣ v ꤡꤛꤣꤊꤜꤛꤢ /dʒɯᵊ˦klja˦/

tread v ꤤꤐꤟꤤ ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤛꤣ /i˨zi ˦ ta˧ ʂɯᵊ˧/; to tread out grain

treasure n ꤒꤟꤢꤍꤟꤢꤘꤢꤕꤚꤟꤤꤘꤢ /tɛ˨ ŋṳ˨du˨pri ˨ du˨/; expensive thing

treat v ꤐꤢ /za˨/; treat-heal

tree n ꤞꤢꤗꤟꤢ /ʂɔ˨mɔ˦ /; der. ꤞꤢ

tremble v ꤒꤢꤔꤛꤢꤒꤢꤘꤢ /ta˨nja˧ta˨dɛ˨/; der. ꤒꤢꤔꤛꤢꤒꤢꤡꤣ

tribe n ꤗꤛꤢꤡꤣꤕꤜꤢ /mje˧dʒə˨plɔ˦/; der. -ꤗꤟꤌꤣ

trip v ꤒꤢꤖꤢꤙꤢ /ta˨pʰɔ˧bɛ˨/; der. ꤒꤢꤖꤢ ꤜꤢꤋꤢ

trouble v ꤗꤟꤢꤏꤢꤏꤢ /me˨ sʰu˦sʰa˦/; cause trouble n ꤏꤢꤏꤢꤘꤤꤘꤛꤢ /sʰu˦sʰa˦di˦dja˧/ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢ /tɛ˨ pja˦ tɛ ˨ sʰɛ˧/; difficulty

troubled adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤊꤟꤢ ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤊꤟꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨kṳ˦ ʂɛ˦plɔ˨kja˧ /; der. ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤛꤢ; ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤕꤟꤛꤢꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤏꤢ

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trough n ꤊꤜꤥ /klo˦/true adj ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤢꤊꤥ /ma˦ la˨ko˧/; ꤜꤢꤊꤥ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤢꤗꤟꤢꤜꤢꤊꤥ /tɛ˨ a˨ma˦ la˨ko˧/; that which is really true n ꤢꤗꤟꤢ /a˨ma˦ /; yes, that is true or sure adv ꤏꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ ꤔꤛꤢꤡꤢ /sʰa˧prɛ˦ nja˨dʒɛ˧/; real; der. ꤔꤛꤢ

truly adv ꤏꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤏꤢꤗꤛꤢ /sʰa˧prɛ˦ sʰa˧mja˧/; der. ꤏꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ; ꤏꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤑꤢꤡꤢ adv ꤜꤢꤊꤢꤜꤢꤊꤥ /la˨ka˦la˨ko˧/; emphasizing the greatest or the reality of

trumpet n ꤊꤝꤟꤥ /kwo˨/; der. ꤊꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ; ꤊꤥ

trunk n ꤞꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ʂɔ˨tɯ˧/trust v ꤐꤟꤢꤢ /zɯ˦e˨/; belief; der. ꤐꤟꤢꤢꤊꤟꤢ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢꤢꤑꤟꤢꤢ /tɛ˨ zɯ˦e˨ɲa˦ e˨/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤑꤟꤢ;ꤒꤟꤢꤐꤟꤢ

truth n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤡꤢ /tɛ˨ ma˦ tɛ˨ ʤɔ˦/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤢꤗꤟꤢꤢꤡꤢ

try v ꤢꤛꤢꤡꤢꤢꤛꤢꤚꤢ /ja˦ʤɯ˦ja˦re˨/; to seek to do something; der. ꤢꤛꤢꤡꤢ; ꤛꤢꤡꤢꤛꤢꤚꤢ v ꤗꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢ /me˨ mja˦/; to experiment with or try something new v ꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ /ta˨ru˦/

tuberculosis n ꤓꤤꤙꤤ /tʰi˨bi˨/; TB

Tuesday n ꤗꤟꤢꤑꤢꤑꤢ /mɔ˦ ɲe˧ɲe˧/tune n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ ꤢꤒꤢꤜꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ dɔ˨pra˨

a˨ta˨la˧ /turkey n ꤏꤛꤢꤒꤢꤏꤛꤢ /ʃje˧ta˨ʃja˧/; lit. chicken-

elephant

turmeric n ꤗꤟꤤꤙꤛꤢꤋꤢ /mi ˨ bja˧kʰu˨/; yellow colored seasoning

turn v ꤒꤢꤚꤤ ꤊꤢꤊꤜꤢꤊꤛꤢ /ta˨ri˦ kɔ˦klɔ˧kja˧/; der. ꤊꤢ; ꤒꤢꤚꤤꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ

turn upside down phr ꤓꤢꤜꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ /tʰu˨la˨klɔ˧ kja˧/

turn around phr ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /ta˨klje˦/; turn around or back v ꤋꤟꤌꤣ /kʰɯᵊ˧/; to turn your back-side towards (i.e. horse)

turn down phr ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤕꤢꤒꤤ /me˨ pra˨ pa˨ti˦/; to lessen the noise

turn off phr ꤗꤟꤢꤙꤤꤊꤛꤢ /me˧ bi˦kja˧/turn on phr ꤗꤟꤢꤗꤥ /me˨ mo˧/

turtle n ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤤ /ta˨kli˦/; der. ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤤꤓꤛꤢ

tusk n ꤒꤢꤏꤛꤢꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ta˨ʃja˧plja˧ /; elephant tusk

twelve number ꤏꤛꤢꤞꤢꤔꤛꤢ /ʃje˦ʂɛ˦nje˧/; der. ꤏꤛꤢꤔꤛꤢ

twenty number ꤔꤛꤢꤏꤛꤢ /nje˧ʃje˧/twenty thousand number ꤔꤛꤢꤞꤢ /nje˧ʂɔ˦/twins n ꤘꤤꤊꤚꤟꤢ /di˦kre˧ /; der. ꤘꤤꤊꤚꤟꤛꤢ

twist v ꤤꤋꤢ ꤒꤢꤠꤟꤢ /i˨kʰu˨ ta˨va˨ /; twist together; der. ꤊꤟꤛꤢ

two number ꤞꤢꤔꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˦nje˧/; der. ꤔꤛꤢ

two hundred number ꤔꤛꤢꤐꤟꤢ /nje˧zɛ˨ /two or three days phr ꤔꤛꤢꤞꤛꤣꤑꤢ

/nje˧ʂɯᵊ˧ɲe˧/two or three times phr ꤔꤛꤢꤞꤛꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣ

/nje˧ʂɯᵊ˧pʰɯᵊ/type v ꤗꤟꤢ /mɯ˧/; to hit the keys; der.

ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤤꤕꤜꤢ

typhoid n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤꤕꤚꤟꤢꤛꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ʃwi˦pra˧ zja/; sickness-swollen intestine

typhoon n ꤊꤟꤢꤜꤢꤞꤢꤘꤢ /ke˦ la˨ʂɛ˦du˨/typist n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤜꤤ /prɛ˨ mɯ˧li˨/

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U u

ugliness n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤢꤗꤟꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ mu˧mja˦ /ugly adj ꤗꤢꤗꤟꤛꤢ /mu˧mja˦ /umbilical cord n ꤘꤤꤙꤥꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢ /di˧bo˧plje˨ /umbrella n ꤋꤢꤊꤟꤌꤣ /kʰu˨kɯᵊ˦/unable v ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤒꤥ /ʤja˦ to˨/; physically incapable

of; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤒꤥ adj ꤙꤢꤒꤥ /bɛ˦to˨/; not successful

unashamed adj ꤞꤢꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢꤒꤥ /ʂɛ˦ta˨rɛ˧ to˨/; not embarrassed

unavailable v ꤜꤢꤒꤥ /lɛ˦/; I am not available/free

unbelief n ꤐꤟꤢꤢꤒꤥ /zɯ˦e˨to˨/; to not believe

unbroken adj ꤕꤛꤢꤒꤥ /pje˦to˨/uncircumcised v ꤘꤢꤒꤢꤜꤤꤖꤢꤒꤥ

/dɯ˦ta˨li˦pʰa˦to˨/uncle n ꤖꤢꤘꤢ /pʰɛ˧du˨/unclean adj ꤗꤝꤟꤥꤕꤜꤤꤒꤥ /mwo˧pli˧to˨/; der.

ꤖꤟꤌꤣꤗꤝꤟꤥꤒꤥ

uncomfortable adj ꤥꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢꤏꤥꤚꤛꤢ /o˨kʰa˧le˦ so˧˧ ˧rja˨/; referring to a place; der. ꤢꤏꤥꤚꤛꤢ

unconscious v ꤞꤛꤢꤍꤟꤌꤣ /ʂje˧ŋɯᵊ˧/; in a coma adj ꤓꤛꤢꤞꤛꤢꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢ /tʰja˨ʂje˧ta˨pa˨ /; der. ꤓꤛꤢꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢ

uncooked adj ꤞꤤꤞꤢ; raw

undecided v ꤜꤢꤚꤢꤜꤢꤚꤢ; der. ꤢ ꤜꤢꤚꤢꤜꤢꤚꤢ ꤑꤢ ꤠꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ

under prep -ꤜꤟꤢ /-lɛ˧ /; der. ꤢꤜꤟꤢ

underneath prep ꤢꤜꤟꤢ /a˨lɛ˧ /; der. -ꤜꤟꤢ

understand v ꤞꤢꤑꤢ /ʂɛ˦ŋe˧/; der. ꤞꤢꤑꤢꤓꤛꤢ;

ꤞꤢꤑꤢꤒꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢ; ꤞꤢꤑꤢꤕꤜꤥꤖꤢꤚꤛꤢ v ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤕꤜꤥꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤖꤢ /ta˨ne˨ plo˧ta˨ne˨ pʰɛ˦/; der. ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤕꤜꤥ

not understand clearly phr ꤞꤢꤑꤢꤕꤜꤥꤒꤥ /ʂɛ˦ɲe˧plo˧to˨/

understanding n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤑꤢꤕꤜꤥꤖꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦ɲe˧plo˧pʰɛ˦/; clarity

underwater n ꤓꤛꤢꤜꤟꤢ /tʰje˧lɛ˧ /underwear n ꤟꤛꤢꤖꤢ /hje˨pʰu˦/; der. ꤟꤛꤢꤒꤢꤖꤢ

undesirable adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤥꤒꤥ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨o˨to˨/; not desired

undone adj ꤗꤟꤢꤟꤤꤒꤥ /me˨ hi˦to˨/; not yet done

undress v ꤕꤜꤝꤥꤊꤛꤢ /plwo˦kja˧/uneducated adj ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤜꤤꤒꤥ /ʤja˦ li˨to˨/;

unschooled; der. ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤜꤤꤡꤟꤛꤢꤜꤢ ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤥ

unemployed adj ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤥꤒꤥ /tɛ˨ me˨ o˨to˨/; without work

uneven adj ꤒꤢꤡꤢ /ta˨dʒa˧/; raised on one side

unfinished adj ꤓꤛꤣꤒꤥ /tʰɯᵊ˧to˨/unhappy adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤗꤟꤥꤒꤥ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨mo˨to˨/;

heart not happy adj ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤜꤢ /dʒje˧ la˧/; severe

unhealthy adj ꤒꤢꤐꤟꤌꤣꤒꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣ /ta˨zɯᵊta˨pʰɯᵊ˧/

unified adj ꤥꤡꤢꤒꤟꤣꤜꤢ /o˨ʤɯ˧tə˦ lu˧/uniform n ꤟꤛꤢꤡꤟꤢꤘꤝꤥ /hje˨dʒa˨ dwo˧/unify v ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢꤗꤟꤢꤡꤢ /me˨ plɔ˦me˨ ʤɯ˧/united adj ꤥꤕꤜꤢꤥꤡꤢ /o˨plɔ˦o˨ʤɯ˧/; der. ꤡꤢ;

ꤥꤕꤜꤢꤡꤢ

university n ꤒꤟꤥꤘꤢꤒꤟꤥꤓꤢ /to˦du˨totʰu˧/; high level

unlucky adj ꤙꤝꤤꤚꤛꤢꤒꤥ /bwi˦rja˦to˧/unmerciful adj ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢ ꤥꤒꤥ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦zɔ˨ o˨to˨/unnecessary adj ꤜꤥꤙꤢꤒꤥ /lo˨bɛ˨to˨/; not needed

unoccupied adv ꤥꤊꤥ /o˨ko˧/; not busy; idle; der. ꤥꤊꤥ ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤢ

unpleasant adj ꤏꤥꤚꤟꤛꤢ /sʰo˧rja˨ /unrighteous v ꤡꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤥ /ʤɔ˦te˨ to˨/; not straight;

der. ꤥꤡꤢꤒꤥ

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unroll v ꤓꤢꤜꤛꤢꤗꤥ /tʰu˨lje˧mo˧/unseen n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤘꤝꤥ /tɛ˨ ta˨dwo˧/; that which is

unseen or hidden

unshrunk adj ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ ꤟꤤꤒꤥ /ta˨nɯᵊ hi˨to˨/unsuccessful adj ꤗꤟꤢꤙꤢꤒꤥ /me˨ bɛ˦to˨/; not able

to succeed adj ꤕꤢꤒꤥ /pe˦to˨/; not able to win or do

unsuitable adj ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤥꤒꤟꤢꤙꤢ ꤒꤥ /ta˧ to˧ta˧ bɛ˨ to˨/

unsure adj ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤥ /ta˧ te˨ to˨/; uncertain

untie v ꤓꤢꤜꤛꤢ /tʰu˨lje˧/; der. ꤤꤜꤛꤢ; ꤤꤜꤛꤢꤓꤢ

untie and release phr ꤤꤜꤛꤢꤕꤜꤝꤥꤊꤛꤢ /i˨lje˧plwo˧kja˧/

until prep ꤒꤟꤌꤣ /tɯᵊ/ prep ꤓꤢ /tʰu˦/untrue adj ꤢꤗꤟꤢꤒꤥ /a˨ma˦ to˨/; no, that is not

correct/true/sure adv ꤊꤢꤔꤤꤊꤢꤔꤟꤥ /ka˨ni˧ka˨no˦/

unwell adj ꤥꤗꤟꤥꤚꤛꤢꤒꤥ /o˨mo˨rja˦to˨/unworthy adj ꤊꤢꤒꤥ /kɔ˨to˨/up prep ꤓꤛꤢ /tʰja˨/upon prep ꤜꤟꤥ /lo˨/upper adj ꤢꤋꤢꤓꤛꤢ /a˨kʰu˨˨ ˨tʰja˨/uproar n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤞꤢꤒꤢꤜꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ta˨ʂɯ˧ta˨lɯ˧/;

der. ꤒꤢꤞꤢꤒꤢꤜꤟꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤢꤒꤢꤕꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ta˨rɯ˧ta˨pja˧/; commotion, riot

uproot v ꤡꤟꤢꤓꤢꤚꤝꤟꤤ /ʤɯ˦tʰe˨rwi ˦ / v

ꤏꤛꤢꤓꤢꤚꤝꤟꤤ /ʃje˧tʰe˧rwi ˦ /upstairs n ꤘꤣ ꤢꤋꤢ ꤒꤣꤒꤟꤥ /də˦ a˨kʰu˨ tə˨to˦/upturn v ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢꤞꤥ /me˨ ta˨ʂo˨/; to turn up the

soil

urge v ꤏꤛꤢꤊꤚꤝꤥ /ʃja˨krwo˧/; der. ꤞꤢꤏꤛꤢꤊꤚꤝꤥꤔꤟꤤ

urinate v ꤤꤏꤛꤢ /i˨ʃje˨/urinary infection phr ꤏꤛꤢꤊꤜꤥ ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤ

/ʃje˨klo˧ tɛ˨ sʰwi˦/; urinary track sickness; der. ꤏꤛꤢꤊꤜꤥ ꤛꤛꤢ

urinary problem phr ꤤꤏꤛꤢꤏꤛꤣ /i˨ʃje˨ʃɯᵊ/; cystitis

us n ꤕꤟꤢ /pɛ˨ /; 1st person plural; see 'we'

use v ꤔꤢꤢ /nɔ˧e˨/use a lot phr ꤔꤢꤢꤘꤢ /nɔ˧e˨du˨/used to doing phr ꤜꤟꤢꤊꤜꤥ ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ

/le˦ klo˧ me˨ pa˨nɯᵊ/useful adj ꤢꤙꤝꤤꤒꤢꤚꤛꤢꤥ /a˨bwi˦ta˨rje˧o˨/;

profitable; der. ꤔꤢꤢꤔꤤꤜꤢ

useless adj ꤊꤛꤢꤘꤢ /kja˧dɛ˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤢ

usually adj ꤢꤒꤢꤊꤤ /ɛ˦ta˨ki˨/uterus n ꤖꤢꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ /pʰu˦kʰa˧le˦ /; womb

uvula n ꤊꤟꤛꤢꤔꤢ /kja˧ nɛ˨/; der. ꤜꤟꤤꤗꤟꤢ

V v

vaccination n ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤢ ꤜꤟꤢꤒꤢꤊꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ kʰu˨ le˦ ta˨kɛ˨ta˧ tɯ˧/; medicine that protects-prevents

vacuum n ꤜꤟꤢꤡꤝꤤꤕꤜꤤ /le˦ dʒwi˦pli˧/vagina n ꤜꤟꤤ /li ˦ /valley n ꤊꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤊꤢ /ke˦ tɔ˨ ku˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤢ

valuable adj ꤍꤟꤢꤘꤢꤕꤚꤟꤤꤘꤢ /ŋu˨du˨pri ˨ du˨/

value v ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤘꤢ /ta˨ne˨ du˨/; to consider great n ꤢꤍꤟꤢꤢꤕꤚꤟꤤ /a˨ŋṳ˨a˨pri ˨ /; price or cost; der. ꤍꤟꤢ

vapor v ꤞꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˦tʰja˨/; rising vapor or smoke from a hot pot when you open its lip n ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤟꤌꤣꤓꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ kʰɯᵊ˨tʰja˨/; like a mist

vase n ꤖꤥꤊꤢ /pʰo˧kɔ˧/

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vegetables n ꤤꤞꤝꤤꤘꤢꤙꤛꤢꤜꤢ /i˨ʂwi˦dɔ˧bja˧lɛ˨/; der. ꤞꤢꤒꤟꤢꤙꤛꤢꤜꤢ

vegetation n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤙꤥ /tɛ˨ mɔ˦ tɛ˨ bo˧/; der. ꤞꤢꤗꤟꤢꤠꤢꤙꤥ; ꤞꤢꤜꤢꤞꤢꤒꤟꤢ n ꤗꤟꤤꤞꤢꤠꤢꤖꤥ /mi ˨ ʂɛ˨vɛ˨pʰo˧/; grass and flowers

veil adj ꤟꤌꤣꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ɯᵊta˧ tɯ˧/; hide-obstruct v

ꤗꤟꤢꤋꤤ /me˨ kʰi˦/; der. ꤗꤟꤢꤋꤤꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢ

veiled adj ꤙꤤꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢ /bi˦ta˨pa˨ /vein n ꤚꤝꤟꤤꤕꤚꤥ /rwipro˨/ n ꤞꤝꤤꤊꤜꤥ

/ʂwi˨klo˧/; blood vessel; artery

verb n ꤍꤟꤥꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ŋo˦me˨ tɛ˨ /verge v ꤊꤟꤢꤚꤟꤢ /kɯ˦re˦ /; about to do; on the

verge of doing

verse n ꤢꤗꤟꤢꤖꤢ /a˨ma˧ pʰu˦/; verse in the Bible

vertebrae n ꤗꤟꤢꤊꤚꤝꤤ /mɯ˨krwi˦/; spine

very adv ꤔꤛꤢꤡꤢ /nja˨ʤɔ˦/ adv ꤊꤢꤔꤟꤥ꤮ ꤒꤥ /ka˨no˦ to˨/ adv ꤜꤢ /la˧/

Vietnam n ꤠꤤꤛꤢꤔꤢ /vi˨jɛ˦na˦/viewpoint n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ mja˦tʰje˨/; a

person's view or thinking on a subject

village n ꤘꤢ /dɔ˧/; der. ꤘꤢꤏꤥ

villagers n ꤘꤢꤖꤢꤏꤥꤖꤢ /dɔ˧pʰu˦sʰo˨pʰu˦/; der. ꤘꤢꤖꤢ; ꤘꤢꤊꤢꤖꤢ; ꤘꤢꤏꤥꤖꤢ

vine n ꤞꤢꤊꤚꤝꤤ /ʂɔ˨krwi˨/vineyard n ꤎꤢꤕꤛꤤꤖꤢꤋꤢ /sa˨pji˦pʰɛ˨kʰu˨/; wine

vineyard; der. ꤎꤢꤕꤛꤤꤜꤟꤢꤋꤢ n ꤞꤢꤞꤢꤖꤢ /ʂɔ˨ʂɛ˨pʰɛ˨/; fruit vineyard n ꤜꤟꤢꤋꤢ /le˦ kʰu˨/

virgin n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤢꤖꤢꤞꤢ /prɛ˨ mɔ˨pʰu˦ʂɛ˨/; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤢꤖꤢꤞꤢ

visible adj ꤥꤜꤟꤌꤣꤜꤤꤖꤥ /o˨lɯᵊ˧li˧pʰo˦/vision n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤜꤝꤥꤚꤟꤢ

/tɛ˨ mja˦tʰje˨lwo˦re˦ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤜꤝꤥ;

ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤜꤝꤥ; ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ v ꤗꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢꤜꤝꤥꤚꤟꤢ /mja˦tʰje˨lwo˦re˦ /; have a vision

visit v ꤡꤛꤣꤥꤜꤢ /ʤɯᵊo˨le˧/; der. ꤡꤛꤣꤥꤜꤢ; ꤜꤢ;

ꤥꤜꤢꤊꤟꤌꤣꤜꤢ; ꤥꤊꤟꤢ

visitor n ꤏꤤꤕꤚꤟꤢ /ʃi˧pre˦ /voice n ꤕꤚꤟꤢ /pra˨ / n ꤢꤒꤢꤜꤟꤢ /a˨ta˨la˧ /; sound,

tune

voluntarily adj ꤗꤟꤢꤊꤚꤢ /me˨ kra˧/; to do freely

vomit v ꤕꤚꤛꤢ /prja/; der. ꤕꤚꤛꤢꤞꤢꤕꤚꤟꤛꤢꤜꤢ

vow v ꤣꤜꤟꤛꤢꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ə˧lja˨ ɔ˦lja˨ /; der. ꤣꤏꤢ v

ꤙꤛꤢ /bja˧/; swear; promise

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W w

wage n ꤢꤋꤝꤥꤢꤊꤢ /a˨kʰwo˦a˨kɛ˨/wail v ꤍꤟꤌꤣꤟꤢ /ŋɯᵊhɛ˨/waist n ꤑꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /ɲa˦ ta˧ /; der. ꤔꤟꤤꤒꤟꤢ

wait v ꤥꤛꤥꤥꤕꤟꤢ /o˨jo˧o˨pɔ˦ /; der. ꤥꤛꤥ; ꤥꤕꤟꤢ v ꤙꤢ /bɔ˨/; wait to shoot v ꤘꤥ /do˨/; wait when hunting

wait as a crowd phr ꤥꤕꤟꤢꤕꤜꤢꤥꤕꤟꤢꤖꤢ /o˨pɔ˦ plu˨o˨pɔ˦ pʰɛ˨/

wait in hope phr ꤥꤕꤟꤢꤗꤛꤢꤏꤢ /o˨pɔ˦ mja˦sʰɯ˧/; to wait with expectation or hope

wall n ꤠꤟꤤꤢꤘꤢ /vi ˧ u˧du˨/; der. ꤠꤟꤤꤢ ꤓꤛꤢꤜꤣ n ꤘꤢ /dɔ˦/; house wall

wallow v ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢ /krɔ˧ kʰje˧/; wallow or roll; der. ꤒꤢꤚꤟꤢ

walnut tree n ꤤꤞꤢꤏꤢꤗꤟꤢ /i˨ʂɛ˨sʰɯ˧mɔ˦ /wander v ꤜꤢꤓꤥꤜꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ /le˧tʰo˧le˧lja˨ /; to visit

or walk around; der. ꤜꤢꤊꤟꤢꤜꤢꤟꤛꤢ

want v ꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢꤞꤢꤜꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦zɯ˦ʂɛ˦lɔ˧ /; der. ꤞꤢ;

ꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦zɯ˦/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢꤞꤢꤜꤟꤢ

want to come phr ꤞꤢꤟꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˦hja˧/want to do phr ꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦zɯ˦me˨ / phr

ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤥ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨o˨/want to go phr ꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢꤡꤛꤣ /ʂɛ˦zɯ˦ʤɯᵊ/; der.

ꤞꤢꤡꤛꤣ

want to go visit phr ꤞꤢꤡꤛꤣꤥꤜꤢ /ʂɛ˦ʤɯᵊo˨le˧/

want to have do phr ꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢꤔꤢꤗꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦zɯ˦nɔ˧me˨ /

want to hold phr ꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦zɯ˦pɯ˦/want to love phr ꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢꤗꤟꤥꤔꤟꤤ

/ʂɛ˦zɯ˦mo˨ni ˦ /want to request phr ꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢꤊꤝꤤ /ʂɛ˦zɯ˦kwi˧/

want to say phr ꤞꤢꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦he˦/want to speak phr ꤞꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢ /ʂɛ˦he˦bɛ˨/

wants n ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ ʂɛ˦zɯ˦/war n ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢꤒꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ sʰa˦tɛ˨ pa˧ /; der.

ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢ

warm adj ꤊꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢ /kṳ˦lɛ˨ /; der. ꤏꤝꤤꤜꤢ v

ꤤꤏꤝꤤ /i˨sʰwi˦/; to warm oneself; der. ꤤꤏꤝꤤꤗꤤ; ꤤꤏꤝꤤꤜꤟꤢ; ꤊꤢꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ

warn v ꤘꤛꤢꤚꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢ /dje˦rɔ˨ dje˦rje˧ /; der. ꤘꤛꤢꤚꤟꤢ; ꤟꤢꤚꤟꤢ

warning n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢꤚꤟꤢꤘꤛꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ dje˦rɔ˨ dje˦rje˧ /

wart n ꤐꤟꤌꤣꤓꤢ /zɯᵊtʰɯ˦/wash v ꤏꤤꤕꤜꤤꤏꤤꤕꤜꤟꤢ /ʃi˧pli˧ʃi˧plɛ˦ /; der.

ꤏꤤꤕꤜꤤ; ꤞꤤꤕꤜꤤ v ꤤꤏꤛꤣ /i˨ʃɯᵊ˨/; wash clothes; der. ꤤꤏꤛꤣꤕꤜꤤ; ꤤꤏꤛꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣ v ꤤꤕꤜꤟꤢ /i˨plɛ˦ /; wash your face; der. ꤕꤜꤟꤢꤕꤜꤤ v ꤡꤟꤢꤕꤜꤤ /dʒe˨ pli˧/; immerse to clean

washcloth n ꤤꤊꤟꤢꤖꤢ /i˨kɛ˧ pʰu˦/; small cloth; der. ꤊꤢꤓꤥꤖꤢ

waste n ꤊꤛꤢꤘꤢ /kja˧de˧/; der. ꤘꤢ

wasted n ꤒꤟꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣꤙꤢꤋꤢ /ta˧ pʰɯᵊ˨bɛ˦kʰu˨/; worthless

watch v ꤗꤛꤢ /mja˦/ n ꤗꤢꤒꤥ /mɯ˧to˧/; clock

watch over v ꤊꤛꤢ /kje˧/; like a shepherd watches over his sheep; der. ꤥꤕꤟꤢꤥꤏꤛꤢ

watchful adj ꤞꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /ʂa˧klja˧/; der. ꤥꤞꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ

water n ꤓꤛꤢ /tʰje˧/; der. ꤓꤛꤢꤏꤢ

water's edge n ꤓꤛꤢꤓꤢ /tʰje˧tʰɯ˧/water bucket n ꤓꤛꤢꤜꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢ /tʰje˧le˦ ʤɔ˧ /water buffalo n ꤕꤢꤔꤟꤢ /pa˨nɛ˦ /watercress n ꤤꤑꤛꤢꤜꤢ /i˨ɲje˦lɛ˨/

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waterfall n ꤓꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢ /tʰje˧ta˧ la˦ /waterfowl n ꤏꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ /ʃje˧tʰje˧/watermelon n ꤘꤛꤢꤗꤢꤞꤢ /dje˧mɔ˨ʂɛ˨/; small

watermelon n ꤘꤛꤢꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢ /dje˧lɯ˦ʂɛ˨/; large watermelon

wave v ꤠꤟꤢꤠꤟꤛꤢ /vɯ˦vja˦ /; to wave your hand; der. ꤝꤢꤠꤟꤛꤢ v ꤤꤟꤢ /i˨hɯ˦/ n ꤓꤛꤢꤟꤢꤟꤥ /tʰje˧ha˦ho˦/; waves in the ocean or lake; der. ꤟꤢꤟꤥ

strong buffeting waves phr ꤟꤢꤟꤥꤘꤢꤟꤢꤟꤥꤏꤢ /ha˦ho˦du˨ha˦ho˦sʰɔ˧/; tossing, buffeting waves; der. ꤟꤢꤟꤥꤘꤢ

way n ꤊꤜꤛꤢ /klja˦/go the wrong way phr ꤡꤛꤣꤞꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ

/ʤɯ˦ʂɯ˦klja˦/; go astray phr

ꤡꤛꤣꤒꤢꤕꤟꤢ /ʤɯᵊta˨pa˨ /; because of day-dreaming

on the way phr ꤊꤟꤌꤣꤜꤢꤊꤟꤌꤣ /kɯᵊla˦kɯᵊ˧/right way phr ꤊꤜꤛꤢꤒꤥꤊꤜꤛꤢꤙꤢ

/klja˦to˧klja˦bɛ˨/we n ꤕꤟꤢ /pɛ˨ /; 1st person plural

weak adj ꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢꤚꤢꤡꤟꤢ /hɛ˧ʤɛ˦ re˨ʤɛ˦ /; strength-weak; der. ꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢ; ꤟꤢꤚꤢꤡꤟꤢ

weakness n ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢꤚꤢꤡꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ hɛ˧ʤɛ˦ re˨ʤɛ˦ /

wealth n ꤒꤟꤢꤘꤢꤐꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢꤞꤢ /tɛ˨ du˨za˦ tʰja˨ʂɛ˧/wealthy adj ꤘꤢꤐꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢꤞꤢ /du˨za˦ tʰja˨ʂɛ˧/;

rich; der. ꤘꤢꤐꤟꤢ adj ꤢꤙꤢꤥꤓꤥ /e˨bɛ˨o˧tʰo˧/ n

ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤘꤢꤐꤟꤢ /ka˨ja˧du˨za˦ /; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤘꤢꤐꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢꤞꤢ;ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤘꤢꤐꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢꤞꤢꤖꤢ

weapons n ꤒꤢꤊꤟꤌꤣꤒꤢꤙꤢ /ta˨kɯᵊ˨ta˨bɛ˧/; also armor

wear v ꤊꤢꤞꤛꤢ /kɯ˧ʂja˦/; der. ꤊꤢꤞꤛꤢ ꤟꤛꤢꤡꤟꤢ

v ꤊꤢ /kɯ˧/; wear lower garments (skirt, longyi, pants, shorts) v ꤞꤛꤢ /ʂja˦/; wear upper body garments (shirt, coat); der. ꤞꤛꤢꤓꤛꤢ v ꤊꤜꤝꤟꤥ

/klwo˧/; put on a hat or crown v ꤊꤟꤌꤣ /kɯᵊ/; put on a bamboo hat v ꤊꤛꤢ /kja˦/; wear glasses,

a belt, knee rings, a watch, shoes v ꤘꤛꤢ /dja˦/; wear shoes, sandals, flip flops v ꤞꤛꤢ /ʂja˧/; wear earrings; der. ꤤꤞꤛꤢ v ꤊꤢꤜꤟꤢ /ka˨la˧ /; wear a necklace, neck scarf; der. ꤊꤢꤜꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ v ꤡꤢ /dʒɔ˦/; wear a tie; der. ꤏꤢ v ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤥ /ta˨plo˦/; wear socks, gloves v ꤒꤢꤕꤜꤝꤥ /ta˨plwo˦/; wear a ring

wear down v ꤘꤢꤘꤢ /da˦dɛ˨/; wear you hair down

weary adj ꤞꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤜꤢꤘꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˦pra˦ la˨dja˦/; der. ꤞꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ; ꤢꤜꤢꤘꤢ

wearying adj ꤞꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢꤞꤢꤒꤟꤌꤣ /ʂɛ˦pra˦ ʂɛ˦tɯᵊ˧/ adj ꤜꤢꤘꤛꤢꤜꤢꤘꤢ /la˨dja˦la˨da˧/

weather n ꤏꤛꤢꤊꤜꤥ /ʃje˨klo˧/; der. ꤏꤛꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤊꤜꤥ; ꤊꤟꤢꤜꤢꤞꤢ

weave v ꤤꤓꤢ /i˨tʰa˧/; to weave bamboo together v

ꤙꤢꤓꤢ /bɔ˦tʰɛ˦/; to weave cloth; der. ꤙꤢ; ꤓꤢ

wed v ꤊꤟꤢꤏꤥꤗꤟꤢꤏꤥꤘꤛꤢ /ka˨ sʰo˧mɛ˧ sʰo˧dja˦/ v ꤊꤟꤢꤏꤥꤗꤟꤢꤏꤥꤘꤛꤢ /ka˨ sʰo˧mɛ˧ sʰo˧dja˨/

wedding n ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤥꤗꤟꤢꤋꤥꤗꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ kʰo˧mɛ˧ kʰo˧ma˨ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤥꤗꤟꤢ n

ꤊꤟꤢꤏꤥꤗꤟꤢꤏꤥꤘꤛꤢ /ka˨ sʰo˧mɛ˧ sʰo˧dja˨/; der. ꤊꤟꤢꤏꤥꤘꤛꤢ

wedge v ꤋꤢ /kʰa˦/Wednesday n ꤗꤟꤢꤞꤛꤣꤑꤢ /mɔ˦ ʂɯᵊ˧ɲe˧/weed v ꤊꤜꤟꤛꤢꤜꤟꤢ /klja˦ la˦ / n ꤚꤝꤢꤗꤟꤢ

/rwɛ˦mɔ˦ /; weeds; der. ꤚꤝꤢꤊꤜꤝꤤ n

ꤞꤢꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢ /ʂɔ˨tɔ˧ mɔ˦ /; small wild plants

week n -ꤊꤜꤢ /-klɛ˦/; der. ꤒꤣꤊꤜꤢ

weevil n ꤙꤟꤌꤣꤊꤚꤟꤢ /bɯᵊ˦krɛ˦ /welcome v ꤢꤗꤟꤥꤏꤢ /ɛ˦mo˨ʃɯ˨/; invite n

ꤒꤟꤢꤢꤏꤢ /tɛ˨ ɛ˦ʃɯ˨/well n ꤓꤛꤢꤊꤜꤢ /tʰje˧klɯ˨/ adj ꤥꤏꤛꤥꤥꤗꤟꤥ

/o˨ʃjo˨o˨mo˨ /; der. ꤥꤗꤟꤥꤥꤚꤛꤢ; ꤥꤗꤟꤥ;

ꤥꤗꤟꤥꤥꤏꤢ adv ꤚꤛꤢꤘꤢ /rja˦dɛ˨/; der. ꤚꤛꤢꤚꤛꤢꤘꤢꤘꤢ

went v ꤡꤛꤣꤊꤛꤢ /ʤɯᵊ˦kja˧/west n ꤡꤤꤔꤟꤌꤣ /ʤi˦nɯᵊ˧/; der. ꤙꤢꤓꤢ

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wet adj ꤡꤥ /dʒo˨/; der. ꤢꤡꤥ

what pron ꤤꤒꤢ /i˧te˧/; der. ꤤꤒꤟꤢ ꤒꤢ

whatever pron ꤤꤒꤢꤒꤢ /i˧te˧te˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤤꤒꤢꤒꤢ

wheat n ꤙꤟꤌꤣꤊꤢꤜꤢ /bɯᵊku˧la˧/when conj ꤙꤤ /bi˦/ adv ꤙꤤꤋꤢꤒꤢ /bi˦kʰɛ˧te˧/; der.

ꤙꤢꤋꤢꤒꤢ adv ꤏꤛꤢꤗꤢꤟꤢꤒꤢ /ʃje˦mɔ˨hɔ˧te˧/; when in the future?

where adv ꤙꤤꤒꤢ /bi˦te˧/wherever adv ꤙꤤꤒꤢꤒꤣꤖꤥ ꤙꤢꤙꤢ /bi˦te˧tə˨pʰo˨

bɛ˨bɛ˨/whetstone n ꤜꤟꤢꤚꤝꤟꤥ /lɔ˦ rwo˧/; stone for

sharpening

which pron ꤊꤚꤛꤢꤒꤤꤒꤢ /krja˦ti˧te˧/; der. ꤊꤚꤛꤢ pron ꤙꤤꤒꤢꤒꤣꤊꤟꤌꤣ /bi˦te˧tə˨kɯᵊ˨/

whip n ꤏꤢꤕꤜꤛꤢꤤꤕꤜꤤ /sʰu˨plje˨i˨pli˦/; rope whip; der. ꤤꤕꤜꤤꤚꤝꤟꤤ v ꤘꤢꤗꤟꤢ /da˧mɯ˧/; lash or whip

whisper v ꤟꤢꤙꤢꤟꤌꤣꤙꤢꤞꤝꤢ /he˦bɛ˨hɯᵊ˨bɛ˨ʂwɛ˦/

whistle n ꤜꤟꤢꤖꤚꤤ /lɛ˨ pʰri˨/ v ꤞꤝꤤ ꤋꤢꤢꤖꤢ /ʂwi˦ kʰa˧u˨pʰa˦/; whistle with pursed lips; der. ꤞꤝꤤ v ꤞꤝꤤ ꤋꤢꤋꤛꤢꤕꤜꤢ /ʂwi˦ kʰu˨kʰje˧plɛ˨/; whistle between teeth; der. ꤞꤝꤤ

white adj ꤙꤢ /bu˧/; der. ꤢꤙꤢ; ꤙꤢꤞꤥ

whitewash v ꤕꤜꤟꤢꤙꤢ /plɔ˦ bu˧/who pron ꤢꤕꤢ /u˧pe˧/; der. ꤗꤢꤢꤕꤢ pron ꤢ /u˧/whoever pron ꤢꤕꤢ ꤙꤢꤙꤢ /u˧pe˧ bɛ˨bɛ˨/whole adj ꤏꤤ- /ʃi˧-/; prefix to classifier

whole (person) adj ꤏꤤꤕꤚꤟꤢ /ʃi˧prɛ˨ /whole (animal) adj ꤏꤤꤘꤟꤌꤣ /ʃi˧dɯᵊ˧/whole (plant) adj ꤏꤤꤗꤟꤢ /ʃi˧mɔ˦ /

wholeheartedly adv ꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢ /lɔ˧ ʂu˨lɔ˧ ʂɛ˦/

whose pron ꤢꤒꤢꤕꤢ /u˧tɛ˧pe˧/

why adv ꤗꤢꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢ /ma˨me˨ te˧/; der. ꤗꤢꤒꤢ;

ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤢ

wick n ꤗꤤꤊꤢꤕꤚꤟꤢ /mi˨kɔ˧pra˧ /wicked adj ꤊꤢꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢ /ka˨plja˨ /wickedness n ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤢꤒꤟꤢꤕꤜꤟꤛꤢ

/tɛ˨ ka˨tɛ˨ plja˨ /wide adj ꤜꤟꤛꤢ /lja˦ /; broad; der. ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ

wider adj ꤜꤟꤛꤢꤊꤜꤢ /lja˦ klɔ˦/widow n ꤗꤟꤌꤣꤥꤊꤚꤛꤢ /mɯᵊo˨krja˦/; der.

ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤢꤥꤊꤚꤛꤢ

widowed adj ꤥꤊꤚꤛꤢ /o˨krja˦/; widows; orphans; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤢꤥꤊꤚꤛꤢ; ꤖꤢꤥꤊꤚꤛꤢꤥꤓꤢ

wife n ꤗꤢ /me˧/; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤢ

wild animals phr ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤤꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ mi ˨ tɛ ˨ mja˦ /

wild fowl n ꤏꤛꤢꤗꤟꤤ /ʃje˧mi ˨ /will v ꤊꤟꤢ /kɯ˦/; will

willing adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤥ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨o˨/; der. ꤏꤢꤜꤟꤢ

wilt v ꤔꤥꤊꤢ /no˦ka˧/wilted adj ꤔꤥꤊꤛꤢꤊꤚꤢꤊꤛꤢ /no˦kja˧kra˧kja˧/win v ꤏꤢꤕꤢ /sʰa˦pe˦/; fight-win; der. ꤏꤢꤕꤢꤊꤛꤢ;

ꤕꤢ ꤘꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤕꤢ /tɛ˨ me˨ pe˦/ v ꤕꤢ /pe˦/; to win; defeat

wind n ꤊꤟꤢꤜꤢꤞꤢ /ke˦ la˨ʂɛ˦/window n ꤊꤢꤘꤢꤖꤢ /ka˨da˧pʰu˦/; small door

windpipe n ꤊꤟꤢꤜꤢꤞꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢꤟꤛꤢ /ke˦ la˨ʂɛ˦klja˦hja˧/; way for air to come; der. ꤊꤟꤢꤜꤢꤞꤢꤊꤜꤥ

windy adj ꤊꤟꤢꤜꤢꤞꤢ ꤜꤢꤜꤛꤢꤘꤢ /ke˦ la˨ʂɛ˦ la˨lja˧du˨/; strong winds

wine n ꤓꤛꤢꤐꤟꤢ /tʰje˧za˧ /; fermented liquid; der. ꤓꤛꤢꤐꤟꤢꤡꤛꤢ n ꤓꤛꤢꤏꤤꤕꤚꤟꤢ /tʰje˧ʃi˦pre˦ /

wine vinegar n ꤓꤛꤢꤐꤟꤢꤒꤢꤕꤚꤢ /tʰje˧za˧ ta˨prɛ˨/wineskin n ꤓꤛꤢꤥꤖꤢ /tʰje˧o˧pʰa˦/wing n ꤘꤢ /da˦/; der. ꤓꤢꤘꤢ

110

wink v ꤙꤢꤊꤜꤢ /bɔ˨klɛ˦/winnow v ꤤꤊꤚꤢꤏꤢ /i˨krɛ˦sʰɛ˦/winnowing fork n ꤘꤢꤊꤟꤢ /da˧kɔ˨ /winter n ꤊꤟꤢꤚꤟꤥꤋꤢ /ke˦ ro˦kʰɛ˧/; cold-time

wipe v ꤓꤢ /tʰɯ˦/; wipe without water; der. ꤓꤢꤗꤝꤟꤥ v ꤓꤢꤞꤢꤕꤜꤤ /tʰɯ˦ʂu˧pli˧/; wipe dry-clean; der. ꤓꤢꤞꤢ

wisdom n ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤘꤢ /tɛ˨ ta˨ne˨ ʤja˦ dɛ˦/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤤꤖꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤘꤢ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤤꤒꤟꤢꤖꤢ /tɛ˨ θi˦tɛ˨ pʰɛ˦/wisdom teeth n ꤋꤢꤋꤢ /kʰu˨kʰɛ˨/wise adj ꤕꤜꤥꤖꤢ /plo˧pʰɛ˦/; der. ꤊꤢꤛꤢ ꤕꤜꤥꤖꤢ

adj ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤘꤢ /dʒja˦ dɛ˨/with prep ꤔꤢ /na˦/; der. ꤕꤢꤔꤢ; ꤕꤢꤔꤟꤤ adv

ꤊꤟꤌꤣ /kɯᵊ˧/; together or along with; also

wither v ꤢꤊꤟꤢꤜꤝꤥꤊꤚꤢ /a˨kṳ˦lwo˦kra˧/withered adj ꤊꤚꤢꤞꤛꤢ /kra˧ʂje˧/; der.

ꤔꤥꤊꤛꤢꤊꤚꤢꤊꤛꤢ; ꤞꤛꤢꤊꤚꤢꤊꤛꤢ

within prep ꤢꤊꤢ /a˨ku˧/; der. -ꤊꤢ

without adv ꤏꤥꤘꤥ /sʰo˧do˧/; not having; not included in adv ꤥꤚꤟꤛꤢ /o˨rhja˦/; naked?

withstand v ꤋꤛꤢꤙꤢ /kʰja˧bɛ˦/; der. ꤋꤛꤢ; ꤥꤋꤛꤢ

v ꤜꤟꤢꤒꤢꤘꤛꤢ /le˦ ta˨dja˧/witness v ꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢ /kʰja˦ʂɛ˦/; der. ꤋꤛꤢ; ꤋꤛꤢꤢꤞꤢ

n ꤒꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢ /tɛ˨ kʰja˦ʂɛ˦/ n

ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤢꤞꤢ /prɛ˨ kʰja˦a˨ʂɛ˦/; person who is witness; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢ; ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤛꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣ

letter of witness v ꤜꤤꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢ /li˨kʰja˦ʂɛ˦/; recommendation

woman n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤢ /prɛ˨ mɔ˨/; der. ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣ

womb n ꤖꤢꤋꤢꤜꤟꤢ /pʰu˦kʰa˧le˦ /wood n ꤞꤢꤙꤛꤢ /ʂɔ˨bje˨/; der. ꤞꤢ n ꤞꤢꤊꤜꤟꤢ

/ʂɔ˨klɔ˦ /; larger piece of uncut wood

woodpecker n ꤓꤢꤊꤢ /tʰu˨kɛ˨/wool n ꤞꤤꤗꤟꤤꤏꤢ /ʂi˦mi ˦ sʰɯ˨/; sheep hair

word n ꤍꤟꤥ /ŋo˦/; der. ꤢꤍꤟꤥ

words n ꤒꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤍꤟꤥ /tɛ˨ la˧ tɛ ˨ ŋo˦/; language

work v ꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢ /e˨rja˨ /; der. ꤚꤟꤛꤢ;

ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢ; ꤊꤚꤟꤢꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢ n ꤘꤢꤊꤢ

/da˨kɛ˨/ n ꤒꤟꤢꤖꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢ /tɛ˨ pʰje˦tɛ˨ me˨ /; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢ; ꤒꤟꤢꤚꤟꤛꤢ v ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /me˨ tɛ˨ /

worker n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤖꤢ /prɛ˨ me˨ tɛ˨ pʰu˦/world v ꤟꤢꤋꤢꤔꤟꤢꤋꤢ /he˨kʰu˨ne˦ kʰu˨/; earth n

ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢ ꤟꤢꤋꤢꤖꤢ /prɛ˨ lṳ˨ he˨kʰu˨pʰu˦/; referring to the people of the world

worm n ꤐꤟꤢ /za˧ /; der. ꤤꤐꤟꤢ; ꤛꤛꤢ

worried adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤛꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨kṳ˦kja˧ /; anxious adj ꤙꤢꤐꤟꤢꤙꤢꤞꤤ /bɛ˨zɔ˨ bɛ˨ʂi˨/

worry v ꤙꤢꤊꤟꤢꤙꤢꤊꤟꤛꤢ /bɛ˨kṳ˦bɛ˨kja˧ /; der. ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤛꤢ; ꤞꤢꤊꤟꤢꤞꤢꤊꤟꤛꤢ; ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ n ꤒꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤊꤟꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ kṳ˦tɛ˨ khja˧/; der. ꤒꤟꤢꤙꤢꤐꤟꤢꤙꤢꤞꤤ v ꤗꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤊꤟꤛꤢ /me˨ kṳ˦me˨ khja˧/ v ꤙꤢꤐꤟꤢꤙꤢꤞꤤ /bɛ˨zɔ˨ bɛ˨ʂi˨/; der. ꤙꤢꤐꤟꤢ

worsen v ꤒꤢꤊꤜꤛꤢ /ta˨klja˨/worship v ꤤꤚꤥꤓꤢꤞꤢꤓꤛꤢ /i˨ro˧tʰu˨ʂɛ˦tʰja˨/; sing

praise v ꤊꤝꤤꤡꤢꤙꤢ /kwi˧ʤɔ˦bɛ˧/ v

ꤡꤢꤙꤢꤡꤢꤙꤢ /ʤɔ˦bu˨ʤɔ˦bɛ˧/; pray or worship n ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤢꤙꤢꤡꤢꤙꤢ /tɛ˨ ʤɔ˦bu˨ʤɔ˦bɛ˧/

worst adj ꤚꤛꤢꤒꤥꤜꤣ /rja˦to˨lə˦/worthless adj ꤊꤛꤢꤘꤢ /kja˧de˧/ adj

ꤒꤟꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣꤙꤢꤋꤢ /ta˧ pʰɯᵊ˨bɛ˦kʰu˨/worthy adj ꤊꤢ /kɔ˨/wound n ꤒꤢꤗꤢ /ta˨mɛ˨/; der. ꤒꤢꤗꤢꤔꤢ n

ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤓꤛꤢ /tɛ˨ ʤu˨ tɛ˨ tʰja˧/; der. ꤡꤟꤢ

wrap v ꤙꤥꤙꤤ /bo˨bi˦/; der. ꤙꤥ; ꤙꤥꤒꤢꤜꤢ v

ꤡꤟꤢ /dʒɔ˨ /; wrap up; pack v ꤖꤟꤌꤣ /pʰɯᵊ˨/; wrap up (your sarong)

wrestle v ꤗꤟꤢꤔꤟꤤꤒꤟꤢ /me˨ ni ˦ ta˧ /wring out v ꤤꤠꤟꤤ /i˨vi ˧ /wrinkle n ꤒꤢꤐꤝꤤ /ta˨zwi˦/

111

wrinkled adj ꤒꤢꤔꤤꤒꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ /ta˨ni˧ta˨nɯᵊ/wrist n ꤒꤢꤋꤢꤒꤢꤚꤢ /ta˨kʰu˨ta˨ra˧/ n

ꤒꤢꤊꤛꤢꤙꤥ /ta˨kja˦bo˧/write v ꤚꤢ /ra˧/; der. ꤚꤢꤒꤟꤢ

writer n ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤚꤢꤜꤤ /prɛ˨ ra˧li˨/wrong adj ꤒꤥꤒꤥ /to˧to˨/; not right or correct; der.

ꤢꤒꤥꤒꤥ adj ꤞꤢ /ʂɯ˦/; mistake; der. ꤢꤞꤢ

112

Y y

yam n ꤊꤚꤌꤣ /krɯᵊ˨/; der. ꤋꤛꤢꤒꤟꤛꤢ

yard n ꤢꤕꤜꤟꤢ /a˨plɛ˦ /; measurement n

ꤟꤤꤜꤢꤗꤛꤢ /hi˨la˨mja˧/; house yard

yarn n ꤜꤟꤌꤣ /lɯᵊ˨/; der. ꤞꤥꤏꤢ

yawn v ꤒꤢꤋꤢ /ta˨kʰa˧/year n ꤔꤢ /na˨/yeast n ꤟꤌꤣꤗꤢ /hɯᵊ˧mɯ˨/; der. ꤟꤌꤣꤗꤢꤒꤢꤖꤥ

yell v ꤢꤓꤥꤢꤗꤟꤥ /ɛ˦tʰo˧ɛ˦mo˨/; der. ꤢꤓꤥ

yellow adj ꤙꤛꤢ /bja˧/yesterday n ꤕꤟꤢꤟꤢꤔꤢ /pa˦ he˦nu˨/; der.

ꤕꤢꤟꤢꤔꤢ

yet adv ꤟꤤ /hi˦/not yet phr ꤟꤤꤒꤥ /hi˦to˨/

yolk n ꤏꤛꤢꤘꤛꤢꤌꤤ /ʃje˧dje˨ki˦/; der. ꤌꤤ; ꤊꤤ

you pron ꤔꤟꤢ /nɛ˨ /; 2nd person singular pron

ꤞꤤ /ʂi˧/; 2nd person plural

you yourself n ꤏꤛꤢꤔꤟꤢ /ʃje˧ne˦ /young adj ꤔꤢꤡꤟꤢ /na˨ʤɛ˦ /; der. ꤔꤢꤡꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢ;

ꤒꤢꤜꤟꤥ adj ꤖꤢꤘꤤꤖꤢꤞꤢ /pʰu˦di˦pʰu˦ʂɛ˨/; der. ꤖꤢꤘꤤ

young man phr ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤢꤖꤢꤞꤢ /prɛ˨ kʰu˧pʰu˦ʂɛ˨/; der. ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤢꤖꤢ; ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤢ

ꤒꤢꤜꤟꤥ

young woman phr ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤢꤖꤢꤞꤢ /prɛ˨ mɔ˨pʰu˦ʂɛ˨/

younger adj ꤕꤢꤡꤟꤢꤊꤜꤢ /pa˨ʤɛ˦ klɔ˧/younger brother phr ꤕꤟꤌꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤢ

/pɯᵊ˦prɛ˨ kʰu˧/; der. ꤕꤟꤌꤣ

younger sister phr ꤕꤟꤌꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤢ /pɯᵊprɛ˨ mɔ˨/; der. ꤕꤟꤌꤣ

youngest adj ꤊꤢꤔꤛꤢꤗꤢ /ka˨nja˧mɔ˨/; youngest in the family

your adj ꤔꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ /nɛ˨ tɛ ˨ /

yourself pron ꤔꤟꤢꤔꤟꤢ /nɛ˨ ne˦ /; 2nd person singular n ꤔꤟꤢꤙꤛꤢꤡꤢ /ne˦ bja˨ʤɛ˨/

yourselves pron ꤞꤤꤔꤟꤢ /ʂi˧ne˦ /; 2rd person plural

113

Z z

zealous adj ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤏꤛꤥꤗꤟꤢ /ʂɛ˦plɔ˨ʃjo˨me˨ /; a strong desire to do; der. ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢꤏꤛꤥ ꤗꤟꤢꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢꤜꤟꤢꤞꤢ

zero n ꤚꤢꤠꤟꤢ /ra˨va˨ /

Guide to Kayah Li Language Sounds (written in the order of the Kayah National Alphabet)

CONSONANTS

For Practice with a Kayah Person

Ka

ya

h

Co

nso

na

nts

Ph

on

etic

Sy

mb

ol

En

gli

sh

equ

ivale

nt

or

So

un

ds

Lik

e:

Co

mm

ent:

En

gli

sh

Ex

am

ple

Wo

rd

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

in K

ay

ah

Wo

rd i

n

sem

i- n

on

-

lin

gu

ist

Ph

on

etic

sa

ꤊ k k in

‘strike’

unaspiratedb stand up ꤊꤢꤓꤢ ka¹tʰaw¹

ꤋ kʰ c/k in

‘cool’

aspiratedb head ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢ kʰu¹klaw

ꤌ g see

comment-

rarely used

except as part

of dipthong

/ɯə /

mother ꤗꤟꤌꤣ mɯə

ꤍ ŋ ng as in

‘sing’

can also occur

as the first

letter in a

word

language ꤍꤟꤥ ngo

ꤎ s same as

English

-rare usage grape ꤎꤢꤕꤛꤢꤞꤢ sa¹pyaythɛ¹

ꤏ sʰ s in the

word ‘sit’

when

given as a

strong

command

‘Sit

down!’

-or

aspirated food-drink ꤏꤢꤢꤏꤢꤥ sɛ¹-ay¹-

sɛ¹-o³

sometimes

‘sh’ as in

‘shoot’

ꤐ z same in

English

it’s easy ꤢꤐꤢ a¹zu³

ꤑ ɳ ny in nyet

(Russian)

not in English

inventory

five ꤑꤟꤢ nya³

ꤒ t t in the

word

‘stork’

unaspirated pretty ꤢꤒꤝꤟꤥ a¹two

ꤓ tʰ t in the

word

‘take’

aspirated drink water ꤥ ꤓꤛꤢ o³ tʰyay³

ꤔ n same as

English

seven ꤔꤝꤥ ꤔꤟꤢ

now

nay¹

ꤕ p p in the

word

‘spin’

unaspirated small; little

we

ꤕꤢꤒꤤ ꤕꤟꤢ

pa¹tee

pɛ¹

ꤖ pʰ p in the

word ‘put’

aspirated take

father

ꤖꤛꤢ ꤖꤢ

pʰyay

pʰɛ³

ꤗ m same as

English

mother ꤗꤟꤌꤣ mɯə

ꤘ d same as

English

give ꤘꤛꤢ dyay

ꤙ b same as

English

put in ꤙꤢꤔꤟꤌꤣ bay¹nɯə³

ꤚ r same as

English

good ꤢꤚꤛꤢ a¹rya

ꤛ j y in the

word

lack of ꤛꤥ yo¹

ꤜ l same as

English

enough;

ample

ꤜꤣꤙꤢ lerba³

ꤝ w same as

English

already

cooked

ꤝꤥ wo³

ꤞ θ or

ʂ

th in the

word ‘this’

see comment

belowc

you (plural)

heart

ꤞꤤ ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤢ

thee³

thɛplaw¹

ꤟ h same as

English

also used to

show that a

vowel is

breathy/heav

y sounding

come

speak

ꤟꤛꤢ ꤟꤢꤙꤢ

hya³

haybɛ¹

ꤠ v same as

English

I ꤠꤢ va³

ꤡ ʤ j in the

word

judge

paper ꤡꤟꤢꤙꤢ jay¹ba¹

VOWELS K

ay

ah

Vo

wel

s

Ph

on

etic

Sy

mb

ol

En

gli

sh

equ

ivale

nt

or

sou

nd

s

lik

e:

Co

mm

ent:

En

gli

sh

Ex

am

ple

Eq

uiv

ale

nt

in K

ay

ah

Wo

rd i

n

Ph

on

etic

s

ꤢ a -the first

sound of

‘a’ in the

English

alphabet

like ‘a’ in

‘about’

he/she/it

noisy

happy

ꤢ ꤢꤊꤢꤢ ꤢꤗꤟꤥ

a¹

a¹-ka¹-aw³

a¹mo¹

ꤣ ə -not in

English,

similar to

‘er’ in

‘her’ but

drop the

‘r’ and let

your

mouth

stay

slightly

open and

relaxed

box

one

ꤒꤣ ꤒꤣ

tə

tə¹

ꤤ i ‘ee’ in

‘beet’

cook ꤤꤖꤥ ee¹-pʰo³

ꤥ o o in ‘robe’ drink ꤥ o³

ꤢ ɯ like ‘oo’ in

‘moot’ but

with the

not in the

English

inventory

fire burn

fat

ꤗꤤꤢ ꤢꤙꤢ

mee¹-ɯ³

a¹bɯ¹

lips

spread

slightly

apart

instead of

rounded

ꤢ ɛ e in ‘pet’ invite/welc

ome

they

ꤢꤏꤢ ꤢꤞꤤ

ɛ-shɯ¹

ɛ¹thee³

ꤢ u ‘oo’ in

‘boot’

who? ꤢꤕꤢ u³pay³

ꤢ e ay in pay eat ꤢ ay¹

ꤢ ɔ ‘aw’ in

‘thaw’

promise ꤢꤜꤟꤛꤢ awlya¹

ꤛꤣ/ꤟꤌꤣ

ɯə a

dipthong;

begin with

the /ɯ/

sound

(spread

your lips)

followed

by /ə/

not in English

inventory;

practice w/a

native

speaker

go

younger

sibling

ꤡꤛꤣ ꤕꤟꤌꤣ

jɯə

pɯə

aNon-Linguist Phonetics: This chart is written for those not familiar with the International Phonetic

Symbols. Where it was too difficult to convey an English equivalent, phonetics was used. If you examine

the chart, you should be able to figure out how those symbols are pronounced.

bAspirated and Unaspirated Consonants: On unaspirated consonants, you should not feel any release of

air when you hold your hand in front of your mouth, but with aspirated consonants, you will feel that

slight puff of air.

c /θ/ ‘th’ or actually /ʂ/-these symbols are spoken as a /ʂ/ by a native speaker when they are speaking

unconsciously but due to the inability to write the sound /ʂ/ in Burmese, /θ/ which is like the “th” sound in

English has been written. As a result, it is now included in the Kayah inventory of sounds and is likely

used as well. If you want to really speak Kayah more natively, try curling your tongue up and backwards

just a tiny bit while making an English “s” sound. For example, try saying “thawmaw” which means

“tree”. You will hear a slight whistle sound on the /th/ sound as you say it.

dvelar ficative /x/- this sound, though not part of the Kayah inventory of sounds, can be found in the

words ‘uncooked rice’ /xə / or ‘hear’ /nee-xə/. First form the English word “hurt”. Notice that your

mouth is slightly closed. Now say “hurt” but drop the final “t”, do not voice the “ur” and let there be

friction up at the roof of your mouth. That is the sound of /x/.

Helpful Phrases Quick List Helpful English Words &

Phrases

English Equivalent Kayah

GREETINGS at AIRPORT Hello (to one person) tɛ-¹-rya-bɛ¹ nay¹ ꤒꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢ ꤙꤢ ꤔꤟꤢ Hello (to more than one person) tɛ-¹-rya-bɛ¹ thee³ ꤒꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢ ꤙꤢ ꤞꤤ We welcome you to America! pɛ -¹ ɛ¹-mo--shɯ thee³ də

A¹may¹-ree-ka¹

ꤕꤟꤢ ꤢꤗꤟꤥꤏꤢ ꤞꤤ ꤘꤣ ꤢꤗꤢꤚꤤꤊꤢ

We’re every happy you’ve come! thee³ hya³ bee-yay³ raw pɛ -¹

thɛ-krɯ-³ nya¹-zaw

ꤞꤤ ꤟꤛꤢ ꤙꤤꤛꤢ ꤚꤢ ꤕꤟꤢ ꤞꤢꤊꤚꤟꤢ ꤔꤛꤢꤡꤢ

Are you sleepy? th�-o¹-myay³ hɛ -³ ꤞꤢꤥꤗꤛꤢ ꤟꤟꤢ? Are your (pl) heads dizzy/motion

sick? a¹ mɯ-¹ thee³ kʰu¹-klaw hɛ -³ ꤢ ꤗꤟꤢ ꤞꤤ ꤋꤢꤊꤜꤢ ꤟꤟꤢ?

WHO/HOW ARE YOU? What is your name? nay¹ mwi-¹ na u³-pe³? ꤔꤟꤢ ꤗꤝꤟꤤ ꤔꤢ ꤢꤕꤢ? My name is ____________ va³ mwi-¹ na _____________ ꤠꤢ ꤗꤝꤟꤤ ꤔꤢ ------- How old are you (sing)? nay¹ o¹-haw ba-na-ta-y³ ꤔꤟꤢ ꤥꤟꤢ ꤙꤢ ꤔꤢ ꤒꤢ? Where did you (sing) just come

from? nay¹ o¹ bee-tay³ hja³ ꤔꤟꤢ ꤥ ꤙꤤꤒꤢ ꤟꤛꤢ?

How are you (sing)? nay¹ o¹-mo-¹-o¹-rya hɛ-³ ꤔꤟꤢ ꤥꤗꤟꤥꤥꤚꤛꤢ ꤟꤟꤢ? I am well (in heart). o¹-mo -¹-o¹-rya¹ prɛ ꤥꤗꤟꤥꤥꤚꤛꤢ ꤕꤚꤢ I am physically well. o¹syo¹-o¹prya³ prɛ ꤥꤏꤛꤥꤥꤕꤚꤛꤢ ꤕꤚꤢ Are you (plural) hungry? thee³ thɛ-ay¹-dee³ hɛ-³ ꤞꤤ ꤞꤢꤢꤘꤤ ꤟꤟꤢ? Are you (plural) thirsty? thee³ thɛ-o³-tʰyay³ hɛ -³ ꤞꤤ ꤞꤢꤥꤓꤛꤢ ꤟꤟꤢ? Do you want to go to the

bathroom? thee³ thɛ-zɯ- jɯə də

daw³klaw³ hɛ³-

ꤞꤤ ꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢ ꤡꤛꤣ ꤃ꤣ ꤃ꤢꤊꤜꤢ ꤟꤟꤢ?

COMING & GOING VOCAB Let’s go! pɛ -¹ jɯə haw po- ꤕꤟꤢ ꤡꤛꤣ ꤟꤢ ꤕꤟꤥ! Will you come with me? nay¹ jɯə kɯ-ə³ va³ hɛ -³ ꤔꤟꤢ ꤡꤛꤣ ꤊꤟꤌꤣ ꤠꤢ

ꤟꤟꤢ? Do you want to go? nay¹ thɛ-zɯ- jɯə kɯ-ə³ hɛ -³ ꤔꤟꤢ ꤞꤢꤐꤟꤢ ꤡꤛꤣ ꤊꤟꤌꤣ

ꤟꤟꤢ? I’m going home/leaving now. va³ ka¹ haw də hee¹ ꤠꤢ ꤊꤟꤢ ꤟꤢ ꤘꤣ ꤟꤤ I’m leaving. va³ ka¹ haw ꤠꤢ ꤊꤟꤢ ꤟꤢ

May I help you? lo -¹ may¹-juo nay¹ hɛ -³ ꤜꤟꤥ ꤗꤟꤢꤡꤝꤟꤥ ꤔꤟꤢ ꤟꤟꤢ?

What curry have you eaten?

(more natural way of greeting) nay¹ ay¹ ee¹-thwi ee³-tay³ ꤔꤟꤢ ꤢ ꤤꤞꤝꤤ ꤤꤒꤢ?

Where are you (plural) going? thee³ jɯə bee-tay³ ꤞꤤ ꤡꤛꤣ ꤙꤤꤒꤢ? We will come get you at

_______ o’clock pɛ¹ hya³ ɛ thee³ bee (3) mɯ³ ꤕꤟꤢ ꤟꤛꤢ ꤢ ꤞꤤ ꤙꤤ ---

ꤗꤢ SCHOOL VOCAB Do you like school? tʰya¹-ho³ ma¹ a¹mo hɛ³ ꤓꤛꤢꤟꤥ ꤗꤢ ꤢꤗꤟꤥ ꤏꤢꤜꤢ

ꤟꤟꤢ Do you have a problem? tɛ¹-pya-tɛ¹-sʰɛ³ o¹ hɛ³ ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢ ꤥ

ꤟꤟꤢ? If you have a problem, please tell

me. tɛ¹-pya-tɛ¹-sʰɛ³ kee¹ o¹ hay³

raw³ kʰya-thɛ-do³ hay-sʰo³-ray

va³ nee

ꤒꤟꤢꤕꤟꤛꤢꤒꤟꤢꤏꤢ ꤊꤤ ꤥ ꤟꤢ꤄ꤢ ꤋꤛꤢꤞꤢꤘꤥ ꤟꤢꤏꤥ꤄ꤢ ꤠꤢ ꤔꤤ꤯

You can take (this) home. yee-ay³-raw nay¹ pʰyay-ka -¹ də

hee¹ ma¹ a¹-nee pr�

ꤛꤢ꤄ꤢ ꤔꤟꤢ ꤖꤛꤢꤊꤟꤢ ꤘꤣ ꤟꤤ ꤗꤢ ꤢꤔꤟꤤ ꤕ꤄ꤢ

How do you say in the Kayah

language? ka¹ya³-ngo ma¹ thee³ hay pʰu-

tay³

ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤍꤟꤥ ꤗꤢ ꤞꤤ ꤟꤢ ꤖꤢꤒꤢ?

Do you speak English? nay¹ hay-bɛ¹-jya ku³-la³-ngo

hɛ³

ꤔꤟꤢ ꤟꤢꤙꤢ ꤡꤟꤛꤢ ꤊꤢꤜꤢꤍꤟꤥ ꤟꤟꤢ?

I am your teacher va³ ma¹ na-y¹ tha-ra ꤠꤢ ꤗꤢ ꤔꤟꤢ ꤞꤢꤚꤢ I am your teacher (female) va³ ma¹ na-y¹ tha-ra-mɯə ꤠꤢ ꤗꤢ ꤔꤟꤢ ꤞꤢꤚꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣ You may sit here o¹-nya³ bee-yay³ ma¹ a¹-nee

pr�

ꤥꤔꤛꤢ ꤙꤤꤛꤢ ꤗꤢ ꤢꤔꤟꤤ ꤕ꤄ꤢ

This girl will help you prɛ¹-maw yee-ay³-tə¹-pr�¹ kɯ

ma -y¹-juo nay¹ pa�³

ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤗꤢ ꤛꤢꤒꤣꤕ꤄ꤟꤢ ꤊꤟꤢ ꤗꤟꤢꤡꤝꤟꤥ ꤔꤟꤢ ꤕꤟꤢ

This boy will help you prɛ¹-kʰu yee-ay³-tə¹pr�¹ kɯ

ma -y¹-juo nay¹ pa�³

ꤕꤚꤟꤢꤋꤢ ꤛꤢꤒꤣꤕ꤄ꤟꤢ ꤊꤟꤢ ꤗꤟꤢꤡꤝꤟꤥ ꤔꤟꤢ ꤕꤟꤢ

We’re so happy you are here. thee³ hya³-o¹ bee-yay³ raw pɛ¹

thɛ-krɯ³-thɛ-law³ nya¹-zaw

ꤞꤤ ꤟꤛꤢꤥ ꤙꤤꤛꤢ ꤚꤢ ꤕꤟꤢ ꤞꤢꤊꤚꤢꤞꤢꤜꤟꤢ ꤔꤛꤢꤡꤢ

Give this to your parents yee-ay³-raw dyay na nay¹mɯə

nee nay¹pʰɛ³ nee

ꤛꤢ꤄ꤢ ꤘꤛꤢ ꤔꤢ ꤔꤟꤢꤗꤟꤌꤣ ꤔꤢ ꤔꤟꤢꤖꤢ ꤔꤤ

Do you understand? nay¹ thɛ-ngay³ hɛ -³ ꤔꤟꤢ ꤞꤢꤑꤢ ꤟꤟꤢ?

I understand thɛ-ngay³ va-³ ꤞꤢꤑꤢ ꤠꤟꤢ I don’t understand thɛ-ngay³ to¹ ꤞꤢꤑꤢ ꤒꤥ Are you feeling sad? nay¹ thɛ-plɛ-³ hɛ -³ ꤔꤟꤢ ꤞꤢꤕꤜꤟꤢ ꤟꤟꤢ? paper jay¹-ba¹ ꤡꤢꤙꤢ pen tʰyay³-lee¹-bo³- ꤓꤛꤢꤜꤤꤙꤥ book lee¹ba¹ ꤜꤤꤙꤢ school thu-lee¹ho³ ꤞꤛꤥꤜꤤꤟꤥ student thu-lee¹ho³pʰu ꤞꤛꤥꤜꤤꤟꤥꤖꤢ teach ee¹-thuo-ee¹-thya ꤤꤞꤛꤥꤤꤞꤛꤢ TIME RELATED VOCAB today yee-ay³-tə¹-nyay³ ꤛꤢꤒꤣꤑꤢ tomorrow shyay-pa¹-ro³ ꤏꤛꤢꤕꤢꤚꤥ yesterday pa-hay-nu ꤕꤢꤟꤢꤔꤢ day after tomorrow shyay-sʰo³-vee ꤏꤛꤢꤏꤥꤠꤤ before too long nyay³-tya¹-to¹ ꤑꤟꤢꤒꤛꤢꤒꤥ later-more than a few days shyay-no-pa-³ ꤏꤛꤢꤔꤥꤕꤟꤢ shortly-in a few minutes shyay- pa-³ ꤏꤛꤢꤕꤟꤢ CLEANING VOCAB sweep floor du³-plee³ hee³-daw-ku³ ꤘꤢꤕꤜꤤ ꤟꤤꤘꤢꤊꤢ make clean (heart) ma -y¹plee³ ma-y¹ph��� ꤗꤟꤢꤕꤜꤤꤗꤟꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣ wash/clean (i.e. dishes) sʰee³-plee³ ꤏꤤꤕꤜꤤ wash clothes ee-shɯə¹-plee³ hyay¹-ja¹ ꤤꤏꤛꤣꤕꤜꤤ ꤟꤛꤢꤡꤟꤢ take a bath/shower ee¹-lɯ-ə-tʰyay³ ꤤꤜꤟꤌꤣꤓꤛꤢ dirty/not clean a¹-ta¹-pro\ a mwo-³plee³ to¹ ꤢꤒꤢꤕꤚꤥ\ ꤢꤗ꤉ꤟꤥꤕꤜꤤ ꤒꤥ CHURCH VOCAB Bible lee¹-ja³-sʰɛ³ ꤜꤤꤡꤢꤏꤢ sing song ee¹-ro³ lee¹ ꤤ꤄ꤥ ꤜꤤ church tɛ-¹jaw-bɛ³ho³ ꤒꤟꤢꤡꤢꤙꤢꤟꤥ worship/pray jaw-bɛ³ ꤡꤢꤙꤢ bus mee¹-tʰyay³ lo - ꤗꤤꤓꤛꤢꤜꤟꤥ

Will you (singular) go to church? na -y¹ jɯə jaw-bɛ³ ɛ-³ ꤔꤟꤢ ꤡꤛꤣ ꤡꤢꤙꤢ ꤟꤟꤢ? God Jaw-ma¹-rya¹ ꤡꤢꤗꤢꤚꤛꤢ Jesus Christ Yay¹-shu Kʰree ꤛꤢꤏꤛꤢ ꤋꤚꤤ QUESTION WORDS Qmarker Word—this word acts

like a question mark at the end of

a sentence

hɛ - ꤟꤟꤢ?

Where? bee-tay³ ꤙꤤꤒꤢ? Who? u³-pay³ ꤢꤕꤢ? What? ee³-tay³ ꤤꤒꤢ How? pʰu-tay³ ꤖꤢꤒꤢ? When? bee-kʰɛ³-tay³ ꤙꤤꤋꤢꤒꤢ PRONOUNS I/me va³ ꤠꤢ you (singular) nay¹ ꤔꤟꤢ you (plural) thee³ ꤞꤤ we pɛ -¹ ꤕꤟꤢ they ɛ-¹thee³ ꤢꤞꤤ he/she/it a¹ or ɛ¹ ꤢ or ꤢ --- to him/her/it lu³ ꤜꤢ come hya³ ꤟꤛꤢ go jɯə ꤡꤛꤣ follow kruo³ ꤊꤚꤝꤥ take pʰyay ꤖꤛꤢ give dyay ꤘꤛꤢ bring pʰyay-hya³ ꤖꤛꤢꤟꤛꤢ put bay¹ (or) dya¹ ꤙꤢ / ꤃ꤛꤢ keep/save bay¹-duo (or) dya¹duo ꤙꤢꤘꤝꤥ / ꤃ꤛꤢꤘꤝꤥ make/do may¹ ꤗꤟꤢ help ma -y¹-juo ꤗꤟꤢꤡꤝꤟꤥ run/walk klya¹ ꤊꤜꤛꤢ

to leave/exit tʰay¹ (or) tʰay¹-jɯə (or)

tʰay¹-jɯə-kya³ (or) tʰay¹kya³

tʰay¹-klya¹

ꤓꤢ / ꤓꤢꤡꤛꤣ/

ꤓꤢꤡꤛꤣꤊꤛꤢ / ꤓꤢꤊꤛꤢ

enter nɯ-ə³ ꤔꤟꤌꤣ stand up ka¹-tʰaw¹ (or) ee¹-tʰaw¹ ꤊꤢꤓꤢ / ꤤꤓꤢ sit down o¹-nya³ ꤥꤔꤛꤢ

Grammatical Helps

'Mumbo-Jumbo Free'*

*freedictionary.com defines mumbo-jumbo as 'Unintelligible or incomprehensible language;

gibberish...' So…prepare yourselves to utilize the following certified 'mumbo-jumbo free' quick overview

of some important keys to understanding Kayah Li grammar! No attempt is made to present a

comprehensive grammar but the author hopes that an overview with some grammatical examples of

Kayah Li grammar may prove helpful to those who are motivated to attempt to learn a bit of Kayah.

Before you begin, I would encourage you to review the Kayah sound system. I have used the

International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to represent each Kayah word. Most of the symbols are similar to

the traditional sounds you know in English but not all. If you want to learn to speak Kayah correctly, take

the time to familiarize yourself with the IPA symbols that are different from English (including tones).

1) Who Copied Who at Babel? (Sentence Word Order) Kayah Li sentence word order is Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) which is like English or perhaps English is

like Kayah Li! Regardless, whether you are a Kayah speaker learning English or an English speaker

learning Kayah, you can be thankful that you have the same sentence word order. When you say "I am

washing the dishes" in English, it's the same in Kayah Li but gratefully spoken more directly with fewer

words.

Subject Verb Direct Object

ꤠꤢ ꤏꤤꤕꤜꤤ ꤘꤤꤙꤢ va˧ ʃi˧pli˧ di˧be˧

I wash dishes

I am washing the dishes.

Or for another example, a sentence everyone likes to hear:

Subject Verb Direct Object

ꤠꤢ ꤗꤟꤥꤔꤟꤤ ꤔꤟꤢ va˧ mo˨ni ˦ nɛ ˨ ˨˨

I love you

I love you.

Lastly, an example of a sentence using the verb "to be". Again, the SVO order remains true.

Subject Verb (to be) Object

ꤠꤢ ꤗꤢ ꤞꤛꤥꤜꤤꤟꤥꤖꤢ꤯ va˧ ma˨ θjo˦li˨ho˧pʰu˦

I am student

I am a student.

2) Content to Stay Put (Indirect Objects) But, one difference between English and Kayah Li sentence order is where the Indirect Object (IO)

comes. For example, the Indirect Object of the sentence 'He showed his pictures to us' is 'to us'. In

English, the Indirect Object can be moved around and still result in a grammatical sentence. For

example, we can say, "He showed his pictures to us" or "He showed us his pictures." But in Kayah Li, the

Indirect Object ('to us') doesn't like getting moved around so it must always occur before the the Direct

Object ('his pictures'). So, in Kayah, you must say "He showed us his pictures." Here's how that would

look:

Subject Verb Phrase Indirect Object Direct Object

ꤢ ꤘꤛꤢꤜꤟꤌꤣꤕꤟꤢ ꤕꤟꤢ ꤢ ꤐꤟꤢꤐꤟꤥ a˨ dje˦lɯᵊ˧pe˦ pɛ ˨ a˨ za˦ zo˨

he show.for us his pictures

He showed us his pictures at our house.

Here's another example; In English, we can say, 'I will give a gift to you' or 'I will give you a gift' but in

Kayah, we must say, 'I will give you a gift.' The Indirect Object '(to) you' must come before the Direct

Object 'gift.'

Subject Verb Phrase Indirect Object Direct Object

ꤠꤢ ꤊꤟꤢ ꤘꤛꤢ ꤔꤟꤢ꤯ ꤏꤛꤢꤐꤟꤢ ꤕꤟꤢ va˧ kɯ˦ dje˦ ne˨ ʃje˦˦ ˦zṳ˦ pa˧

I will give you gift future tense

I will give you a gift.

3) Popcorn On A String (Verbs) 'He is going to get some food and bring it back to eat.' That's a nice English sentence but quite

challenging for a non-native speaker of English to learn. It's much easier to say that same sentence in

Kayah because you can string all the verbs together like popcorn on a string and forget about all those

small grammatical nuisances such as 'ing' 'to' 'it'. For example, to say that your friend is 'going to get

some food and bring it back home to eat,' you simple say:

ꤢ ꤡꤛꤣ ꤖꤛꤢ ꤊꤟꤢ ꤢ ꤔꤟꤤ ꤢꤏꤢꤢ꤯ a˨ dʒɯ˦ pʰje˦ ka˨ e˨ ni ˦ a˨sʰɛ˨e˨

He goes takes returns eats gets his.food

He goes and gets his food and brings it back to eat.

Often, only two or three popcorn verbs are strung together, though as you can see in the sentence

above, we have five verbs in one clause. When verbs are strung together, they are technically called

serial (think 'series') verbs. But that's mumbo-jumbo so we'll avoid using that word.

Now, let's take one verb and show how you can build on it with more verbs.

English Kayah Equivalent

go ꤡꤛꤣ go

go enter in ꤡꤛꤣ ꤔꤟꤌꤣ go enter

go in and get it ꤡꤛꤣ ꤔꤟꤌꤣ ꤖꤛꤢ

go enter take

go in and get it

and bring it back ꤡꤛꤣ ꤔꤟꤌꤣ ꤖꤛꤢ ꤊꤟꤢ

go enter take return

So, remember, within a phrase, don't interrupt the verbs! Like friends, they stick together side by side.

4) Feeling Tense (Verb Tenses) Kayah Li has several verb tenses for Past, Present and Future and this overview is only going to cover the

basics. For our discussion below, you will see three ways in which tense is communicated in Kayah

followed by example sentences.

Kayah tense is marked (or unmarked) by:

1) Present, Past and Future Tense Markers

a. Simple Present Tense

ꤢ ꤖꤥꤢ ꤘꤤ꤯ a˨ pʰo˧e˨ di˧

she cooks rice

She is cooking rice..

ꤢ ꤥꤗꤛꤢ ꤕꤢꤕꤢꤕꤢꤕꤢ ꤕꤚꤢ꤯ a˨ o˨mje˧ pa˧ prɛ˦

He sleeps still just

He is still sleeping. (to communicate that something is still ongoing, /pa˧/ 'still' is added)

ꤕꤝꤟꤥ꤮ ꤚꤥꤚꤥ ꤢ ꤢꤚꤟꤥ ꤘꤤ꤯ pwo˧ro˧ro˧ a˨ e˨ro˨ di˧

every morning he eats.early rice

He eats breakfast early every morning.

b. Past Tense Markers

Note the following markers

prepositional time phrase at the

beginning of a phrase meaning ꤘꤣ,,,,,ꤋꤢ də˦…..kʰɛ˧

'when ….time (past)"

prepositional time phrase at the

beginning of a phrase meaning

'when ….time (past)"

ꤙꤤ,,,,,ꤋꤢ bi˦……kʰɛ˧

finished ꤓꤛꤣ tʰɯᵊ˧

completely finished ꤓꤛꤣꤟꤢ tʰɯᵊ˧hɔ˦

already; finished but ongoing and

recent ꤟꤢ hɔ˦

emphasizing 'already' ꤟꤢ,,,,ꤟꤢ hɔ˦……hɔ˦

suffix on a verb which is similar

to English past '-ed' -ꤊꤛꤢ -kja˧

Let's look at some examples of past tense:

ꤘꤣꤘꤣꤘꤣꤘꤣ ꤢ ꤕꤢꤡꤟꤢꤋꤢꤋꤢꤋꤢꤋꤢꤔꤛꤣ, ꤢ ꤡꤛꤣ ꤓꤛꤣꤟꤢꤓꤛꤣꤟꤢꤓꤛꤣꤟꤢꤓꤛꤣꤟꤢ ꤘꤣ ꤊꤢꤜꤢꤊꤟꤢ ((((ꤟꤢ)꤯ꤟꤢ)꤯ꤟꤢ)꤯ꤟꤢ)꤯ də˦ a˨ pa˨dʒɛ˦kʰɛ˧nɯᵊ˨ a˨ dʒɯ˦ tʰɯᵊ˧hɔ˦ də˦ ku˧la˧ke˦ hɔ˦

when he child.time.that he went comp.already to England already

When he was a child, he went to England.

Here is an example using the suffix -ꤊꤛꤢ -/kja˧/ which is similar to the '-ed' suffix in English.

ꤒꤟꤢꤏꤝꤤꤒꤢꤔꤛꤢ ꤙꤢ ꤋꤢꤢꤚꤣ ꤚꤢ ꤢ ꤞꤛꤢꤊꤛꤢ꤯ꤊꤛꤢ꤯ꤊꤛꤢ꤯ꤊꤛꤢ꤯ tɛ ˨ ʃwi˦ta˨nja˧ bɛ˨ kʰu˧u˨rə˨ rɔ˦ a˨ ʂje˧kja˧

Malaria hit/affected Khu Ooreh and/so he died (die.past)

Malaria hit/affected Khu Oo Reh and he died.

ꤠꤢ ꤢ ꤓꤛꤣꤓꤛꤣꤓꤛꤣꤓꤛꤣ ꤟꤢꤟꤢꤟꤢꤟꤢ ꤘꤤꤗꤟꤢꤜꤤ꤯ va˧ e˨ tʰɯᵊ˧ hɔ˦ di˧mɔli˧

1s eat finish already rice morning

I ate breakfast already

c. Future Tense Markers

Note the following markers will/about to (immediate future ꤊꤟꤢ…(ꤕꤟꤢ) kɯ˧…(pa˧ )

future ꤊꤟꤢꤚꤟꤢ kɯ˦re˦

about to/immediate future ꤕꤟꤢ pa˧

Let's look at some examples of future tense:

ꤠꤢ ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ ꤡꤛꤣ ꤘꤣ ꤟꤥ꤯ va˧ kɯ˧ dʒɯᵊ˦ də˦ ho˧

I will go to school

I will go to school. (immediate future)

ꤠꤢ ꤊꤟꤢꤚꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤚꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤚꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤚꤟꤢ ꤡꤛꤣ ꤘꤣ ꤟꤥ꤯ va˧ kɯ˦re˦ dʒɯᵊ˦ də˦ ho˧

I about to go to school

I am about to go to school. (immediate future)

ꤠꤢ ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ ꤡꤛꤣ ꤘꤣ ꤟꤥ ꤕꤟꤢ꤯ꤕꤟꤢ꤯ꤕꤟꤢ꤯ꤕꤟꤢ꤯ va˧ kɯ˧ dʒɯᵊ˦ də˦ ho˧ pa˧

I will go to school fut. mkr

I will go to school. (future, not immediate)

ꤏꤛꤢꤕꤢꤚꤥ ꤠꤢ ꤡꤛꤣ ꤘꤣ ꤠꤟꤤꤊꤢ꤯ ꤕꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢꤕꤟꤢ꤯꤯꤯꤯ ʃje˦pa˨ro˧ va˧ dʒɯᵊ˦ də˦ vi ˧ ku˦ pa˧

tomorrow 1s go to city fut.

Tomorrow, I will go to the city.

2) Time vocabulary related to past, present and future.

Time vocabulary such as 'yesterday,' 'tomorrow,' 'in the future,' are also helpful in determining tense.

English Time

Vocabulary

Kayah Phonetic

Description

Past Time

in the past/formerly ꤘꤣꤔꤢꤋꤢ də˦nu˨kʰɛ˦

yesterday ꤕꤟꤢꤟꤢꤔꤢ pa˦ he˦nu˨

when/at…..time ꤘꤣ,,,,,ꤋꤢ də….kʰɛ˦

Present Time

often ꤒꤢꤗꤥꤒꤢꤗꤥ ta˨mo˧ta˨mo˧

always ꤕꤝꤟꤥꤖꤟꤌꤣꤖꤟꤌꤣ pɯᵊ˧pʰɯᵊ˦pʰɯᵊ˦

usually ꤢꤒꤢꤊꤤ ɛ˦ta˨ki˨

sometimes ꤒꤢꤖꤟꤌꤣꤒꤢꤋꤛꤢ ta˨ pʰɯᵊ˦ta˨kʰja˨

Future Time in the future ꤏꤛꤢꤔꤥꤕꤟꤢ ʃje˦no˨pa˧

tomorrow ꤏꤛꤢꤕꤢꤚꤥ ʃje˦pa˨ro˧

later….future ꤏꤛꤢ꤮…. ꤕꤟꤢ ʃje˦…..pa˧

next year ꤔꤢꤙꤢꤕꤟꤢ na˨bɛ˨pa˧

3) Context:

Unfortunately, for the non-native speaker, this means that the listener is able to distinguish whether

something was in the past, in the present or will happen in the future by the context of what they hear.

This, of course, requires becoming familiar with Kayah.

Note the following example question followed by a response. The past tense is not marked in the

response because it is known by context.

ꤢꤕꤢ ꤢ ꤘꤤꤊꤜꤝꤤꤞꤢ ꤛꤢ꤯ u˧pe˧ e˨ di˧klwi˦ʂɛ˨ je˧

Who eats bananas this

Who ate the bananas?

ꤓꤢꤚꤢ ꤢ꤯ tʰɛ˧re˨ e˨

Hte Reh eats

Hte Reh ate (them).

5) Floating on Air (Yes & No Questions) If you have access to a Kayah person, get them to ask you the following question several times in

succession: "Will you go with me?" Listen to the final airy word at the end of the sentence ꤟꤟꤢ /ɛ ˧ /.

It sounds a bit like if you said "air" in a breathy floating way without the 'r' . This is what is called a YES-

NO Question Marker (YNQM) in Kayah Li. The Kayah language uses this word at the end of a question in

which they are expecting a response of 'yes' or 'no'. English doesn't have a yes-no question marker. In

natural speech, English speakers use a rising intonation at the end of a sentence to indicate they are

asking a question. In written form, they use a question mark. But, the Kayah are more interesting and

they use this breathy 'air.'

Compare the following clause which is then rewritten as a question. This was done by simply adding

ꤟꤟꤢ /ɛ ˧ / to the end of the clause in the second example.

ꤢ ꤢ ꤓꤛꤣ ꤟꤤ ꤘꤤ ꤒꤥ꤯ ɛ ˨ e˨ tʰɯᵊ˧ hi˦ di˧ to˨

He eat completed yet rice not/neg.

He has not yet eaten.

ꤢ ꤢ ꤓꤛꤣ ꤟꤤ ꤘꤤ ꤒꤥ ꤟꤟꤢꤟꤟꤢꤟꤟꤢꤟꤟꤢ???? ɛ ˨ e˨ tʰɯᵊ˧ hi di˧ to˨ ɛ

He eat completed yet rice not/neg. Q-mker

Has he not yet eaten?

The question marker ꤟꤟꤢ /ɛ ˧ / is only used for 'yes-no' answer question so don't try to use it if you are

asking a question that requires an answer to a where, when, what, why and how question! That's a

different word which we will now talk about.

6) What, Where, When, Who, Why & How Questions

For questions such as what, where, when, why and how, speakers use the suffix '-ꤒꤢ' /-te˧/. The only

odd question word is 'who?', where speakers use the suffix '-ꤕꤢ' /-pe˧/. See examples below.

Question Word Kayah Equivalent Where Do You Put It?

What ꤒꤤꤒꤢ at the end of the Sentence

ti˧te˧ can also be shortened to ꤒꤢ 'te˧'

or ꤤꤒꤢ 'i˧te˧'

Where ꤙꤤꤒꤢ at the end of the Sentence

(usually)

bi˦te˧

When ꤙꤢꤋꤢꤒꤢ at the end of the Sentence

bɔ˦kʰɛ˧te˧

Who ꤢꤕꤢ at the end of the sentence

u˧pe˧

Why ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢ occurs at either the beginning or

end of the Sentence

me˨ te˧

How ꤖꤢꤒꤢ at the end of the Sentence

pʰu˦te˧

Here is one example of each of the six Question words:

What ꤔꤟꤢ ꤗꤟꤢ ꤒꤤꤒꤢ? ne˨ me˨ i˧te˧ 2s do what

What are you doing?

Where ꤔꤟꤢ ꤟꤤ ꤥ ꤙꤤꤒꤢ? ne˨ hi˨ o˨ bi˦te˧ 2s house is where

Where is your house?

When ꤔꤟꤢ ꤋꤥꤗꤟꤢ ꤓꤛꤣ ꤙꤢꤋꤢꤒꤢ? ne˨ kʰo˧mɛ˧ tʰɯᵊ˧ bɔ˦kʰɛ˧te˧ 2s marry already when

When did you get married?

Who ꤔꤟꤢ ꤗꤝꤟꤤ ꤔꤢ ꤢꤕꤢ? ne˨ mwi ˨ na˦ u˧pe˧ 2s name with who

What (who) is your name?

WHY#1 ꤔꤟꤢ ꤡꤛꤣ ꤘꤣ ꤞꤛꤥꤜꤤꤟꤥ ꤒꤥ ꤗꤢ ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢ? ne˨ dʒɯᵊ˦ də˦ θwo˦li˨ho˧ to˨ ma˨ me˨ te˧ 2s go to school (neg) is why

Why don't you go to school?

WHY#2 ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢꤚꤢ ꤔꤟꤢ ꤡꤛꤣ ꤘꤣ ꤞꤛꤥꤜꤤꤟꤥ ꤒꤥ? me˨ te˧rɔ˦ ne˨ dʒɯᵊ˦ də˦ θwo˦li˨ho˧ to˨ why 2s go to school (neg)

Why don't you go to school?

Note in the examples above that ꤗꤟꤢꤒꤢ /me˨ te˧/ 'why' can occur at the beginning or end of a

sentence.

HOW ꤠꤢ ꤒꤥ ꤚꤢ ꤜꤤ ꤖꤢꤒꤢ? va˧ to˧ ra˧ li˨ pʰu˦te˧ 1s should write letter how

How should I write the letter?

7) Just Say No (Negatives)

a. You're smart….not����

The Kayah have used the English colloquial way of joking by adding the word 'not' to the end of the

sentence hundreds of years before English speakers ever used it. Further, putting 'not' at the end of the

sentence is perfectly grammatical in Kayah as opposed to English where it is NOT. Still, it seems a bit

cruel to get someone's hopes up by saying "I love you (yeah!)… not �!" (note: I have pointed this out to

the Kayah people on occasion but no one seems to care to change it.)

Here's are two examples of ꤒꤥꤒꤥꤒꤥꤒꤥ ////to˨/ 'not':

Subject Verb Phrase NEGATION

ꤢ ꤡꤛꤣ ꤤꤜꤟꤌꤣꤓꤛꤢ ꤒꤥ a˨ dʒɯ˦ i˨lɯᵊtʰje˧ to˨

He go bathe not

He didn't go to take a bath.

Subject Verb Phrase NEGATION

ꤠꤢ ꤡꤟꤢ ꤕꤢ ꤒꤥ꤯ va˧ dʒɔ˧ pe˦ to˨

I lift overcome/win not

I am unable to lift it.

b. Please Don't Do That����

Don't is an important word to be able to use productively if you are helping Kayah refugees resettle in

a new home and community where so many things are new or different. For example, "Don't stick your

hand into the sink food disposal."

To say 'don't ' in Kayah is actually a bit complex because it includes two words ꤒꤢ/ tɛ˧/ and ꤒꤢꤗꤟꤢ

/tɛ˧me˨ / and they occur in different parts of the clause. Sorry about that.

Below are some examples using ꤒꤢ…ꤒꤢꤗꤟꤢ / tɛ˧…tɛ˧me˨ / 'don't' to illustrate. In the first two

examples, the first ꤒꤢ /tɛ˧/ is not necessary because the clause is only made up of verb without a

noun phrase present. But in the second two examples, generally when a noun or even a whole clause

comes after the verb, then you must adhere to the structure ꤒꤢ…ꤒꤢꤗꤟꤢ / tɛ˧…tɛ˧me˨ / 'don't'.

Verb Neg.

ꤗꤟꤢ ꤒꤢꤗꤟꤢ ꤔꤤ꤮꤯

me˨ tɛ˧me˦ ni˦

do neg particle (softening the directive)

Don't do that.

Verb Neg.

ꤍꤟꤌꤣ ꤒꤢꤗꤟꤢ ꤔꤤ꤮꤯

ŋɯᵊ˦ tɛ˧me˦ ni˦

cry neg particle (softening)

Don't cry.

Verb Neg. N Neg

ꤞꤢꤤꤏꤢ ꤒꤢ ꤜꤢꤟꤛꤢ ꤒꤢꤗꤟꤢ ꤔꤤ꤮꤯

θɛ˦i˨ʃe˧ tɛ˧ la˨hja˧ tɛ˧me˨ ni˦

afraid/fear neg (don't) all (people) neg (don’t) particle (softening)

Don't be afraid.

Verb Neg N Neg

ꤗꤟꤢꤘꤤꤘꤛꤢ ꤕꤟꤢ ꤒꤢ ꤏꤤꤕꤚꤟꤢ ꤒꤢꤗꤟꤢ꤯

me˨ di˦dja˧ pa˧ tɛ˧ ʃi˧pre˦ tɛ˧me˨

bother future neg (don't) guest neg (don't)

Don't bother the guest.

ꤒꤢ /tɛ˧/always follows the verb with the final ꤒꤢꤗꤟꤢ /tɛ˧me˨ / coming after the noun or at the

end of the clause.

8) The Powerful Nominalizer* (Making Nouns)

*(mumbo-jumbo word that refers to changing some Kayah verbs or adjectives into nouns)

In English, to make a noun out of the verb 'accomplish', we add the suffix '-ment' and get

'accomplishment.' Wah-lah! We now have a noun. Of course, this is not a rule that can be applied

across the board in English, but the same idea happens in Kayah, EXCEPT that it occurs by adding one

small prefix to the beginning of the verb or adjective. The prefix is 'ꤒꤟꤢ-' /tɛ-˨/ (it roughly means

'thing(s)') and it has the power to turn Kayah verbs and adjectives into nouns. Just like in English, it

doesn't work on every word, but it's always worth a try.

Here are some examples to demonstrate the nominalizer's ('ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ----' /tɛ-˨/) power on verbs:

VERB Add the prefix 'ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ----' /tɛ-˨/ and it becomes a ����

NOUN

ꤟꤢꤙꤢ ꤒꤟꤢ- ꤒꤟꤢꤟꤢꤙꤢ he˦bɛ˨ tɛ-˨ tɛ-˨he˦bɛ˨

speak speech (speaking)

ꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢ ꤒꤟꤢ- ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤢꤔꤟꤢ ta˨ne˨ tɛ-˨ta˨ne˨

think thought

ꤞꤛꤢ ꤒꤟꤢ- ꤒꤟꤢꤞꤛꤢ θje˦ tɛ-˨θje˦

die death

ꤥꤓꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ ꤒꤟꤢ- ꤒꤟꤢꤥꤓꤝꤟꤥꤕꤚꤟꤢ o˨tʰwo˦prɛ ˨ tɛ-˨o˨tʰwo˦prɛ ˨

live life

ꤤꤞꤛꤥꤤꤞꤛꤢ ꤒꤟꤢ- ꤒꤟꤢꤤꤞꤛꤥꤤꤞꤛꤢ i˨θwo˦i˨θja˧ tɛ-˨i˨θwo˦i˨θja˧

teach teaching/lesson

Here are a few more examples to demonstrate the nominalizer's ('ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ----' /tɛ-˨/) power on

adjectives:

ADJECTIVE Add the prefix 'ꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢꤒꤟꤢ----' /tɛ-˨/ and it becomes a ����

NOUN

ꤚꤛꤢ ꤒꤟꤢ- ꤒꤟꤢꤚꤛꤢ rja˦ tɛ-˨ tɛ-˨rja˦

good goodness

ꤗꤢꤗꤟꤛꤢ ꤒꤟꤢ- ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤢꤗꤟꤛꤢ mu˧mja˦ tɛ-˨mu˧mja˦

ugly ugliness

9) The –er Factor (Creating Comparatives) What if I want to say, "I'm stronger (read "more buff"), cuter, and smarter than you! And you, well you

are weaker, uglier and dumber than me." Well, of course, those are not really nice things to say so we

shouldn't say them, but the principle for adding –er is still the same and you can then make your own

kinder sentences. So here's how we add the –er factor.

-ꤊꤜꤢꤜꤣ /klɔ˧lə˦/ '-er (more)' is the suffix that one adds to an adjective such as small, great,

happy, sad, first, last, etc. to get smaller, greater, happier, first, last, etc. It's likely a bit more

complicated than this (read: needs more analysis), but in general, you can also just use part of -

ꤊꤜꤢꤜꤣ /klɔ˧lə˦/ '-er (more)' so you'd have -ꤊꤜꤢ /klɔ˧/ '-er (more)' or -ꤜꤣ /-lə˦/ '-er

(more).' Further, you can also switch -ꤊꤜꤢꤜꤣ /klɔ˧lə˦/ '-er (more)' to -ꤜꤣꤊꤜꤢ /

lə˦klɔ˧ / '-er (more)'. I call that flexible!

Here are some examples:

Adding The –er Factor Or You Can Also Say

small smaller

ꤕꤢꤒꤤ ꤕꤢꤒꤤꤜꤣꤜꤣꤜꤣꤜꤣ

great greater

ꤢꤘꤢ ꤢꤘꤢꤜꤣꤜꤣꤜꤣꤜꤣ ꤢꤘꤢꤊꤜꤢꤜꤣꤊꤜꤢꤜꤣꤊꤜꤢꤜꤣꤊꤜꤢꤜꤣ

ꤢꤘꤢꤜꤣꤊꤜꤢꤜꤣꤊꤜꤢꤜꤣꤊꤜꤢꤜꤣꤊꤜꤢ strong stronger

ꤏꤛꤥ ꤏꤛꤥꤜꤣꤜꤣꤜꤣꤜꤣ ꤏꤛꤥꤜꤣꤊꤜꤢꤜꤣꤊꤜꤢꤜꤣꤊꤜꤢꤜꤣꤊꤜꤢ

first the real first

ꤢꤚꤟꤢ ꤢꤚꤟꤢꤜꤣꤜꤣꤜꤣꤜꤣ

ꤜꤢꤜꤢꤔꤛꤣ ꤢꤘꤢꤊꤜꤢꤜꤣ ꤔꤢ ꤢꤙꤛꤢꤡꤢ ꤒꤣꤕꤚꤟꤢ꤮ ꤒꤥ꤯ lu˨le˦nɯᵊ˨ a˨du˨klɔ˧ə˦ na˦ a˨bja˨dʒɛ˨ tə˨prɛ ˨ to˨

servant.that greater than his.master no one

No servant is greater than his master. (Bible, John 13:16)

10) Mother-Father Words Now here's something you won't find in English but it's extremely prolific in Kayah Li. Mother-father

words are rich, full and sweet to the Kayah people's ears. A mother-father word most commonly

consists of four syllables of which the first and third syllable are usually the same.

Here's an example for the word ꤜꤢꤟꤥꤜꤢꤟꤛꤢꤜꤢꤟꤥꤜꤢꤟꤛꤢꤜꤢꤟꤥꤜꤢꤟꤛꤢꤜꤢꤟꤥꤜꤢꤟꤛꤢ ''''to lie':

syllable 1 syllable 2 syllable 3 syllable 4

ꤜꤢꤜꤢꤜꤢꤜꤢ ꤟꤥꤟꤥꤟꤥꤟꤥ ꤜꤢꤜꤢꤜꤢꤜꤢ ꤟꤛꤢꤟꤛꤢꤟꤛꤢꤟꤛꤢ la˨ ho˧ la˨ hja˨

lie

Note that the first and third syllable are the same. Also, you can always use a shortened version of the

mother-father word by using only the mother part, the first two syllables of the word (though this is not

a definitive rule). In the above example, we can just use the shortened version of ꤜꤢꤟꤥ /la˨ho˧/ 'to

lie' in a sentence but the second half of the mother-father word (ꤜꤢꤟꤛꤢ/la˨hja˨/) cannot be used

by itself.

Here are some more examples of mother-father words:

syllable 1 syllable 2 syllable 3 syllable 4

ꤋꤛꤢꤋꤛꤢꤋꤛꤢꤋꤛꤢ ꤡꤟꤛꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢꤡꤟꤛꤢ ꤋꤛꤢꤋꤛꤢꤋꤛꤢꤋꤛꤢ ꤡꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢꤡꤟꤢ kʰja˦ dʒje˧ kʰja˦ dʒɯ˨

experience severity experience severity

to experience persecution or suffering

syllable 1 syllable 2 syllable 3 syllable 4

ꤗꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢ ꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢꤊꤟꤢ ꤗꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢ ꤋꤢꤋꤢꤋꤢꤋꤢ me˨ kɯ˦ me˨ kʰa˦

do business do business

to carry on business

syllable 1 syllable 2 syllable 3 syllable 4

ꤞꤢꤞꤢꤞꤢꤞꤢ ꤓꤢꤓꤢꤓꤢꤓꤢ ꤞꤢꤞꤢꤞꤢꤞꤢ ꤟꤢꤟꤢꤟꤢꤟꤢ

ʂɛ˦ tʰe˨ ʂɛ˦ ha˧

spirit/soul exit spirit/soul boldness/confidence

to hate

11) Sorry, That's Classified. (Quantifiers and Classifiers) In English, if we analyze the sentence, 'Today, I lost four pens,' we can see that the number of pens 'four'

precedes the noun 'pens.' So we could write a rule like this: In English, quantity precedes the noun that

it is referring to. But, in Kayah, they not only use quantifiers like 'four' but you must also classify the

noun you are referring to with special words called "classifiers." For example, 'pens' are thin and long so

they fall under a special category written as ꤙꤥ / /bo˧/. Other things (nouns) that are classified by

ꤙꤥ / /bo˧/ are staff, rod, road, and river because these all things that are long and thin. (English does

not use a classifier system.)

Here are some examples of Kayah classifiers: (this list is not exhaustive but you can see more in the

dictionary)

Kayah Classifier Phonetic Transcription Classification For:

-ꤘꤟꤌꤣ dɯᵊ˧ four-footed animals

-ꤢ u˦ books

-ꤙꤢ bɛ˨ fish, leaves, money, birds

-ꤗꤢ me˧ larger items; fruit;

house;

-ꤕꤚꤟꤢ prɛ ˨ people

-ꤗꤟꤢ mɔ˦ plants, trees, flowers

-ꤢ ɔ˨ pool, lake, well

So, let's say we wanted to write 'five cats'. In Kayah, the noun 'cats' comes first, then the quantifier 'five'

and then the classifier for four footed animals /dɯᵊ˧/. This is represented in the example below.

Noun Quantifier Classifier

ꤓꤛꤥ ꤑꤟꤢ ꤘꤟꤌꤣ tʰwo˦ ɲa˧ dɯᵊ˧

cats five classifier for 4-footed animals

five cats

But, what if the sentence is longer and a little more complicated?

In the case of our example above ('Today, I lost four pens'), in Kayah, it would look like this:

NP V Quantifier and Classifier

ꤛꤢꤒꤣꤑꤢ ꤠꤢ ꤜꤤꤙꤥ ꤒꤟꤢꤗꤟꤢꤊꤛꤢ ꤜꤝꤟꤤ ꤙꤥ꤯ je˧tə˨ɲe˧ va˧ li˨bo˧ ta˧ me˦ kja˧ lwi ˧ bo˧

Today my pen lost four (classifier of

lengthy

things)

Today I lost four pens.

Notice that the noun 'pen' and 'four long slim things' are actually seperated by the verb 'lost'. Here is

where I suggest that after you have learned some Kayah Li language, you might want to make some easy

drills to practice getting the right order of a clause such as the one above.

12) Do Re Mi Fa So (Tones) Another feature absent from English but present in Kayah Li are tones. Kayah Li is a tonal language with

3 tones (low-tone, mid-tone and mid-high tone). You have seen throughout this document the phonetic

representation of these tones throughout this document.

Tones Kayah Symbol (under

the vowel)

Phonetic Representation

Low Tone ˨

Mid Tone ˧

Mid-High Tone unmarked ˦

But, what ARE tones and can we just ignore them? Like Do Re Mi Fa So, each tone is different from each

other and causes a word to change in meaning depending on how you say it. So, if you are saying a

word with a low tone, you would seek to voice the word at a lower level. You may be thinking, "This is

sounding too complicated, let's just ignore the tones." There are several problems with that approach.

1) Kayah people will find it difficult to understand what you are saying, 2) you will never sound natural

and 3) you may say some funny or at the worst, offensive things by simply saying certain words with the

wrong tones.

To demonstrate how a word can change meaning, let's take the Kayah word ꤞꤢ /ʂu˦/ and add low

tone, mid tone or mid-high tone to the word.

Low Tone Mid Tone Mid-High Tone

ꤞꤢ ꤞꤢ ꤞꤢ

ʂu˨ ʂu˧ /ʂu˦/

lungs send fat; oil

As you can see, when we add low, mid or mid-high tone below the vowel, the meaning of the word

changes.

More On the Kayah Li Sound System

Phonetic Chart of Consonants

Bil

abia

l

Lab

iod

en

tal

Den

tal

Alv

eola

r

Po

st-

Alv

eola

r

Ret

rofl

ex

Pal

atal

Vel

ar

Glo

ttal

Plosives vl.

unasp p t k �

vl asp pʰ tʰ kʰ

vd b d

Fricatives vl (θ) ʃ

vl asp sʰ ʂ h

vd v z

Affricate vd ʤ

Nasals vd m n ɲ ŋ

Trill (or Flap) r

Approximants w j

Lateral l

Phonetic Chart of Vowels

Clear Breathy

Front Central Back Front Central Back

Close i ɯ u i ɯ ṳ

Close

-mid e

ə

o e

ə

o

Open

-mid ɛ ɔ ɛ ɔ

Open a a

Diphthong

Clear Breathy

ɯә ɯә

Tones

low mid mid-

high

˨ ˧ ˦

Description of Consonants

/p/ [p] ꤕ voiceless bilabial stop. /pi³/ [pi³] ‘flute’

/pʰ/ [pʰ] ꤖ voiceless aspirated bilabial stop. / pʰu/ [pʰu] ‘baby’

/b/ [b] ꤙ voiced bilabial stop. /bi³/ [bi³] ‘bean’

/m/ [m] ꤗ voiced bilabial nasal. /mɯ¹/ [mɯ¹] ‘drunk’

/v/ [v] ꤠ voiced labiodental fricative. /vi³/ [vi³] ‘sow seeds’

/θ / [θ] ꤞ voiceless interdental fricative. / θɔ³/ [θɔ³] ‘tree’

/t/ [t] ꤒ voiceless alveolar stop. /tja/ [tja] ‘before’

/ tʰ/ [tʰ] ꤓ voiceless aspirated alveolar stop. / tʰe³/ [tʰe³] ‘bear’

/d/ [d] ꤘ voiced alveolar stop. /dɔ¹/ [dɔ¹] ‘beat’

/n/ [n] ꤔ voiced alveolar nasal. /no¹/ [no¹] ‘later’

/ʤ / [ʤ] ꤡ voiced alveolar grooved affricate. /ʤo¹/ [ʤo¹] ‘wet’

/ʂ / [ʂ] ꤞ voiceless alveolar retroflexed grooved fricative. /ʂu/ [ʂu] ‘gas’

/sʰ/ [sʰ] ꤏ voiceless aspirated alveolar grooved fricative. /sʰe³/ [sʰe³] ‘afraid’

(never occurs before C [palatal approximant])

[ʃ] ꤏ voiceless alveopalatal grooved fricative. /sʰja/ [ʃja] ‘push’ (occurs

only before C [palatal approximant])

/z/ [z] ꤐ voiced alveolar grooved fricative. /zɔ/ [zɔ] ‘to bend’

/r/ [r] ꤚ voiced alveolar vibrant. /rja/ [rja] ‘good’

/l/ [l] ꤜ voiced alveolar lateral approximant. /lo¹/ [lo¹] ‘garden’

/j/ [j] ꤛ voiced palatal central approximant. /je³/ [je³] ‘this’

/k/ [k] ꤊ voiceless velar stop. /ki¹/ [ki¹] ‘if’

/kʰ/ [kʰ] ꤋ voiceless aspirated velar stop. /kʰi¹/ [kʰi¹] ‘appointment’

/�/ [�] ꤍ voiced velar nasal. /�a¹/ [�a¹] ‘turn head’ (occurs before V [+

back])

[�] ꤑ voiced alveopalatal nasal. /�e³/ [�e³] ‘for’ (occurs only before

V [-back])

/w/ [w] ꤝ voiced labial-velar central approximant. /wo³/ [wo³] ‘boil’

/h/ [h] ꤟ voiceless continuant glottal. /hi³/ [hi³] ‘house’

Description of Vowels

/i/ [i] ꤤ voiced close front unrounded vocoid. /hi¹/ [hi¹] ‘house’

/i/ [i] ꤟꤤ voiced breathy close front unrounded vocoid. /vi¹/ [vi¹] ‘wrap

around’

/e/ [e] ꤢ voiced half-close front unrounded vocoid. /ne/ [ne] ‘ghost’

/e/ [e] ꤟꤢ voiced breathy half-close front unrounded vocoid. /pe/ [pe] ‘for’

/ɛ/ [ɛ] ꤢ voiced half-open front unrounded vocoid. /ʤɛ/ [ʤɛ] ‘machine’

/ɛ/ [ɛ] ꤟꤢ voiced breathy half-open front unrounded vocoid. /ʤɛ³/ [ʤɛ³] ‘to

test’

/ə/ [ə] ꤣ voiced half-close central unrounded vocoid. /lə³/ [lə³] ‘high’

/ə/ [ə] ꤟꤣ voiced breathy half-close central unrounded vocoid. /tə/ [tə]

‘together’

/a/ [a] ꤢ voiced open central unrounded vocoid. /ma/ [ma] ‘scar’

/a/ [a] ꤟꤢ voiced breathy open central unrounded vocoid. /ka¹/ [ka¹] ‘return’

/ɯ/ [ɯ] ꤢ voiced close back unrounded vocoid. /zɯ / [zɯ] ‘distance oneself’

/ɯ/ [ɯ] ꤟꤢ voiced breathy close back unrounded vocoid. /lɯ¹/ [lɯ¹] ‘chase’

/u/ [u] ꤢ voiced close back rounded vocoid. /pu/ [pu] ‘square can’

/ṳ/ [ṳ] ꤟꤢ voiced breathy close back rounded vocoid. /pṳ/ [pṳ] ‘cow’

/o/ [o] ꤥ voiced half-close back rounded vocoid. / ʤo¹/ [ʤo¹] ‘wet’

/o/ [o] ꤟꤥ voiced breathy half-close back rounded vocoid. /ʤo¹/ [ʤo¹] ‘to

creep’

/ɔ/ [ɔ] ꤢ voiced half-open back rounded vocoid. /nɔ¹/ [nɔ¹] ‘to spar’

/ɔ/ [ɔ] ꤟꤢ voiced breathy half-open back rounded vocoid. /nɔ¹/ [nɔ¹] ‘horn’

Description of Diphthong

/ ɯә / [ɯә] ꤛꤣ voiced close back unrounded vocoid with half-close central

unrounded off glide. /tʰɯә / [tʰɯә] ‘heavy’

/ ɯә / [ɯә] ꤟꤌꤣ voiced breathy close back unrounded vocoid with half-close central

unrounded off glide. /pʰɯә / [pʰɯә] ‘clean’

Description of Tones

/˨/ [˨] - low tone /ʃje˨/ [ʃje˨] ‘sour’

/˧/ [˧] - mid tone /ʃje˧/ [ʃje˧] ‘chicken’

/˦/ [˦] - mid-high tone /ʃje˦/ [ʃje˦] ‘ten’