diaspora led development the potentialities of the uk based diaspora saado jidre, bswn
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Who Are The UK Based Diaspora?
2.175 Million people from 24 Commonwealth African and Asian countries
600,000 more people from 16 non-Commonwealth ‘Developing Countries’
Populations of over 100,000 – India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Zimbabwe, Somalia.
Other significant populations (50,000+) – Ghana, Malaysia, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan. (World Bank, 2013)
50% Male and Female
50% between 24 and 49 years of age. (ONS, 2013)
52% of long-term migrants in UK intend to stay for just 1 – 2 years (2011 Census Data. ONS)
Diaspora Life in the UK
Unemployment rate of BME population at least double White British – Institute of Race Relations
79.8% of immigrant students whose mothers did not receive a GCSE level of education were placed in disadvantaged schools – Education at a Glance, OECD 2013
Black African mothers had a maternal mortality rate in the UK nearly six times that of White women – Migration Observatory Briefing, 2011
11.4% of UK population over 10 were from BME groups but –
32.8% of Stop and Searches by police were of people from a BME group
20.4% of arrests by police were of people from a BME group
28% of the prison population were people from a BME group Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2010 –Ministry of Justice
Diaspora contribution to the UK
8% of the UK working population are non-EEA migrants – Labour Force Survey, 2010
9.7% of employees in strategically important sectors are non-EAA Migrants – Labour Force Survey, 2011
52% of these are graduates (38% UK born employees) – Labour Force Survey, 2010
Migrants and refugees made a net contribution of £3 Billion to the UK Economy – Home Office, 2011
Diaspora in UK contribution to ‘home’
UK Remittance Outflow 2012 (US$) – 23.5 Billion.
$13 Billion to the 40 African and Asian Commonwealth countries and other developing countries
India - $4.25 Billion, Nigeria - $3.8 Billion, Pakistan - $1.5 Billion
Bangladesh - $850 Million, Kenya - $490 Million, Sri Lanka - $400 Million, Somalia - $100 Million www.worldbank.org/prospects/migrationandremittances
Diaspora Remittances to home - Global
Total Global Remittances: India - $63 Billion, Nigeria - $20.5 Billion, Pakistan - $14 Billion
Bangladesh - $14 Billion, Sri Lanka - $6 Billion, Somalia - $1.3 Billion, Kenya - $1.2 Billion www.worldbank.org/prospects/migrationandremittances
Social Remittances
Sponsorship of schools, teacher, hospitals, sanitation, and other social services – not coordinated
Knowledge and skills transfer – not coordinated
Business involvement and development – not coordinated
Political engagement – not coordinated
Diaspora involvement in Post 2015 Development Agenda
“Steps could be taken to give Diasporas a more active
voice. These could include involving Diasporas in
international forums to co-ordinate resources flows from
donors and from Diasporas for development and
reconstruction.”. (Nyberg Sørensen, Van Hear and Engberg-Pedersen 2002)
Constraints on Diaspora
The constraints are mainly the lack of capacity of the diaspora
organisations, both institutional and organisational, to transfer
their social remittances more effectively and in a large scale
manner to their countries of origin.
Social Remittances of the African Diasporas in Europe - North-South Centre of the Council of
Europe, 2006
Ways Forward
The establishment of co-development transnational networks
could enhance the transference of remittances. For this reason, it
seems appropriate that governmental institutions should provide
the means for the creation of such networks.
Social Remittances of the African Diasporas in Europe - North-South Centre of the Council of Europe, 2006