Sami ShouraID: 120244Date: 04/24/2015DIABETES MELITUS TYPE II

Diabetes mellitus type 2, or noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) otherwise known as adult-onset diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) in the context of decreased insulin sensitivity (insulin resistance) and relative lack or depletion of insulin in advanced stages of the disease. This is in contrast to diabetes mellitus type 1, in which there is a complete lack of insulin due to breakdown of islet cells in the pancreas. The classic symptoms are excess thirst (polydipsia), frequent urination (Polyuria), and constant hunger.

Diabetes Mellitus type 2, a very common disease or disorder frequently prevalent worldwide and across the kingdom with prevalence rates of 23.7% in 2004, an alarming number that is in a continuous increase.

Actions and preventative measures should be realized and executed to help control the high increase in incidence rates of DM 2 in Saudi Arabia. These measures may involve implementing educational programs which could be helpful in increasing awareness and introducing new concepts about controlling the development and evolution of the disease.

Diabetes Mellitus type 2 unlike its counterpart Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, is characterized with its reversibility since the predisposing factors for the disease's manifestation are directly related to sedentary life style which has become a worldwide dilemma due to westernization, examples to this new growing predicament could be accounted for the high consumption rates of fast food, increased accessibility to unhealthy food, and increased abundance of restaurants.

Another especially important element directly related to the development of DM type 2 is the lack of exercise and physical activity, which has been greatly influenced by modernization in the past years, for example many vehicles replaced the need for transportation through physical activity with other means that greatly prejudiced the population which could be attributed to their effectiveness in transportation, however lack of physical activity and the overdependence on vehicles for transportation predisposes to the development of many dangerous diseases like (Diabetes Mellitus type 2) , (Metabolic syndrome) , and (Obesity) ,all which are very common in the Gulf region.

As I previously stated, DM 2 is common yet reversible, with the introduction of a proper healthy diet, moderate daily physical exercise, and cessation of sedentary life style. Although pharmacological therapies and many medical interventions are available, a proper management of the disease usually involves a change to a healthier life style of living.

BMI= Mass(kg)/Height 2 (m2)

Height: 176 m

Weight: 73 Kg

BMI= 23

Energy Expenditure Rate: 703 Kj

Sami ShouraID: 120244Date: 04/24/2015

References:

Diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia,Mansour M. Al-Nozha, MD, FRCP, Mohammed A. Al-Maatouq, MD, FRCP, Yaqoub Y. Al-Mazrou, MBBS, PhD, Saad S. Al-Harthi, FACHARZT, Mohammed R. Arafah, MD, FACC, Mohamed Z. Khalil, MD, MRCP(UK), Nazeer B. Khan, PhD, Akram Al-Khadra, MD, FRCP, Khalid Al-Marzouki, MD, FACHARZT, Mohammed S. Nouh, MD, Moheeb Abdullah, FRCP, Omer Attas, BSc, PhD, Maie S. Al-Shahid, FRCP, Abdulellah Al-Mobeireek, MD, FRCP, Saudi Med J 2004; Vol. 25 (11): 1603-1610