Sources

BibliographyRediscovery of dharavi-Kalpana sharma

Webliographywww.diehardindia.comwww.google .comwww.googlescholar.com

ArticlesWorking papers of ISIDA study on the informal sector industry in dharaviThe Hindu business line

MagzinesDown to the Earth-Nov 07 Edition

AND

BMC G-NORTH Office

Introduction Dharavi spread over 175 hectares and swarming with one million people,Dharavi is often called ‘Asia largest slum’. But Dharavi is much more than cold statistics. What makes it special extraordinary people who live there, many of whom have defined fate and an unhelpful state to prosper through a mix of backbreaking work, some luck and a great deal of ingenuity.If you thought that slums narrate a grimy tale depicting abject poverty, you will be pleasantly surprised when you get to Asia's largest slum — Dharavi. It is the Mecca of livelihood for the vast population it holds, contradicting the fact that slums are all about penury and dearth. This maze of kaccha and pucca huts houses a strong network of businesses ranging from garment manufacturing, recycling, clay pottery to tannery et al. The estimated turnover of industries in Dharavi is a whopping $700 million-$1 billion.The business laws of this land are not applicable in Dharavi. How can they be applicable to a place that for all legal reasons does not exist. Dharavi is beyond our traditional India baboon of red tape, licenses, duties, municipal permissions, paperwork and taxes. Dharavi is therefore in a sense a "Free Economic Zone". The Economist in an article suggested that "Dharavi, one of Asia's largest slums, covering 220 hectares (530 acres) near the airport, has some 100,000 people producing goods worth over $500 million a year." Other figures suggest a figure twice that amount. The real figure is anybody's guess but this just confirms one thing Dharavi is less a slum and more an unorganised unregulated industrial estate, a showcase of Indian entrepreneurship. There are more than 85 Export Oriented Units (including WHO approved surgical sutures). Ownership: 69% owned by BMC, 10% by state and central governments and balance 21% is private land

Unusually 85% of its inhabitants are employed in dharavi itself. Interestingly, some of the employees are from outside the area of Dharavi.

Far from being an economic refugee camp, as it is so often portrayed, Dharavi is a vibrant, energetic business and manufacturing district for many of its residents .

LocationThis heart shaped of settlement ,which today has the dubious reputation of being ‘Asia largest slum’, is located between Mumbai’s two main suburban railway lines, western and central railway. These are the virtual lines of Mumbai transporting thousand of people from one end of the metropolis to the other. Dharavi is literally a sandwiched between the two sets of tracks. To its west are Mahim and Bandra, to its north lies the Mithi River which empties out into the Arabian Sea through the Mahim creek, and to its east and south are Sion and matunga. Mahim, matunga and Sion stations mark its three corners.

ENTERPRISES AND INGENUITYDharavi may be one of the world's largest slums, but it is by far its most prosperous -- a thriving business centre propelled by thousands of micro-entrepreneurs who have created an invaluable industry -- turning around the discarded waste of Mumbai's 19 million citizens. A new estimate by economists of the output of the slum is as impressive as it seems improbable: £700m a year. It is story of ingenuity and enterprises; it is a story of survival without subsidies or welfare, it is a story that illustrate is the term slums to describe a place that produces everything from suitcases to leather goods, Indian sweets, papad and gold jewellery.Every square inch of dharavi is being used for some productivity activity. This is enterprises personified an island of free enterprises not assisted or restricted by the state or any laws. Dharavi is an unofficially endorsed enclave of crass illegality that continues to flourish under the tightly shut eyes of the law. The atmosphere in dharavi, even on a holiday, is like being a treadmill. The streets are lined with hawkers selling everything from safety pins to fruit and even suitcases behind them are a mad array of shops. If you want to eat the best Gulab jamuns in town, buy the best chiki, order an World Health Organisation (WHO) certified sutures, acquire a export quality leather bag see the latest trend in ready made garment, get a new suitcase or to see traditional Indian jewellery. There is no better place then dharavi. Goods are easy to locate as they are sold in shops on the main streets that cries cross dharavi. But much more can be found tucked away in some inner lane that can only be located if you are guided by the dharavi resident.

Estimated daily turnover of dharavi can only be wild guesses as a few people will actually acknowledge how much they earn for fear that some official will descend on them much of production here is illegal but there is little doubt that it run into billions of rupees. According to estimates the total turnover of dharavi legal as well as illegal was 210000 crores. No wonder people think of dharavi as a gold mine without considering property prices. . According to official sources, there are 4,902 industrial units in Dharavi of which textiles form 1,036, pottery 932, leather 567, plastic processing 478 and Jari stitching 498. Sunday, Aug 08, some famous industries are located here, including tanneries, leatherworkers, potteries, garment makers and even chemical plants. These units are spread out all over dharavi with big concentration of transit camp. The common points of all this enterprise island including some of the bigger ones is that they have come up despite the government and not because of it. there were parts of settlements that are covered with wool fluff from hides after they were cleaned .even today there are lanes in dharavi that are carpeted with a wool from a sheep and a goat skin drying in a sun .at one end a former employee of an multinational company has a set up a soap factory producing detergent bars that are strikingly similar to the brand produced by his former employers way leather was treated in dharavi. But in early days, the hides were treated further. They were soaked in lime pits or in drums for 4 days this would conditioned leather to absorb the chemicals that would be applied later .After this the hides were shaved manually at that time now by machine to removed the wool and remaining flesh and fat

Essence of the Entrepreneurial spirit in Dharavi The people of Dharavi have laboured hard, rankled hard, to strike it rich. Popular stereotyping has reinforced the image of Dharavi as a place of dirt and filth, breeding criminal activities. But Dharavi represents Mumbai's real cosmopolitanism, a place where people from different regions of India have forged new identities and lives through sheer grit and determination. If the people of Dharavi have shown initiative and enterprise, it is not because the city helped them to realize their dreams, rather this was despite the way the city has treated them.

Little Japan

Dharavi is an unorganised, unregulated industrial estate, called by many as the "Little Japan", where the people are engaged in businesses of plastics, leather, eateries, garments, jewellery, among others. It is a hub of entrepreneurs trying to manage a day of survival. It can become a global manufacturing hub. If government gives attention to it.

Facts of little japan       Dharavi is first an industrial estate and then a residential slum!       Dharavi is enterprise personified – it forces people to

survive, due to lack of a safety net       85%+ residents of Dharavi, work in Dharavi itself.

Legal industries in little japan• 500 small scale Garments units, and about 100 doing embroidery and zardozi work. • 25-30 big and 5000 small job work leather goods manufacturing units • 150 leather shops • Suitcases • Only 50 Lijjat members are in Dharavi (out of 8000 in Mumbai and of 40,000 in India). Rest are involved in papad making for other private labels. • Printing presses – about 100 • Foundries (brass buckles) • Gold refinery and retail outlets • Indian sweets making units (biggest in India) • 111 restaurants • 85 Export Oriented Units (including WHO approved surgical sutures) • 3 to 4 Soap and detergent factories • 152 Food units – chikki (27), papads, chana dal, khari biscuit etc. • Some tanneries • 25 bakeries • 250 potters in Kumbharwada • Kite making

In little japan ie; Dharavi most of the business done is illegal the above numbers

just shows the licensed while the unlicensed are not included

Earnings of people living in dharaviThe average household in Dharavi now earns between 3,000 and 15,000 rupees a month (£40-£200), well above agricultural wage levels.. Certain corners of Dharavi have even gone upmarket with bars, beauty parlours and clothing boutiques. Last week a major bank opened the slum's first ATM. 85% of the people living in dharavi are employed in dharavi itself. People live there because they earn there livelihood from there.

Leather industryIndia’s 17% of leather export comes from dharaviIf you want to buy a branded leather jacket or purse that also at a cheap price then there is no better place then dharavi. If you ask any knowledgeable shopper in Mumbai, where do you get the cheapest and best quality leather products; they are not going say the Oberoi Arcade but Dharavi. In their confines you can buy jackets, wallets, bags, belts and a variety of leather products. These products are mostly export rejects or surplus products, produced by the leather manufacturers of Dharavi. Leather industry was one of the biggest industry in dharavi before 1990. Officially all the tanneries in dharavi have been relocated to deonar. Some small old tanneries continue to operate despite the official ban leather tanneries are mostly found in chamda bazaar and parsichawl. Spray painting of leather bags and belts still take on a large scale in dharavi. There are around 1000 leather units (it includes tanneries, small manufacturing, finishing units)According to government’s official figures 40,000goats are killed in each week in deonar. These animals are brought to Mumbai from gujrat and Madhya Pradesh .all these hides are brought to dharavi for the first stage of processing .each skin is bought for Rs 100 and resold, after salting for a slightly higher sum. The margin is very small apart from goats the abattoir also slaughters 500 buffaloes and cows a week. These skins sell at Rs 500 each

The process"Each week the tanneries in dharavi get hides from the slaughter house in Deonar and A.K.G. nagar .They first salt it then and treat them to remove all the blood and make them smooth. Then they send them to Chennai where they are processed to become leather. The processed leather is then sent back to Dharavi for finishing."

The days of leather tanning are more or less over in Dharavi, finished leather goods have taken over as the main leather based business. As you come to the end of 90 feet road and turn into Sion Mahim link road you see gleaming leather showrooms with names like jazz, leather crafts. This is a famous leather street that has made dharavi a name even in rich Mumbai now. But the leather processed in dharavi is not of high quality to be used in finished goods. For then processed leather is trucked in from Chennai. Workroom and work in bad lights poor ventilation and in stifling heat to produce the most beautifully finished and crafted leather goods.

The turnover in the raw leather business in Dharavi is around Rs 60 crores, over Rs 50 crore in sheep and goat hides and the rest in buffalo and cow hides.

Some features of employment in Dharavi’s leather accessories;

ManufacturerDharavi’s leather accessories manufacture is dominated by small enterprises. About 85 per cent of the workers are employed in enterprises with 10 workers or less. In these small enterprises, often owners also doubled as workers, thus self employed owner-workers accounted for about 31 per cent of the workforce. The industry is dominated by young male workers (average age of workforce was 27 years), though women worked in some enterprises as family labour or even hired workers. Employment in the leather accessories manufacture in Dharavi is highly informal in nature. Workers are employed both on time rates as well as in piece rates. Time-rated employment dominated accounting for 71 per cent of all hired employment. The average wage monthly earnings of workers was Rs. 2,127). There is no semblance of job security, non-wage benefits such as paid leave, medical and retirement benefits.

Workforce

About 70 per cent of the workers in dharavi are migrants from other states of India and about 18 per cent came from different districts of Maharashtra. Workers born in Bihar accounted for about 59 per cent of the total workforce. Others came from Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Karnataka, TamilNadu, Andhra Pradesh and Manipur

ConsumerThe high quality leather is exported while the other surplus and rejected is sold in all-over India

Number of units25-30 big and small job work leather goods manufacturing units 150 leather shops some tanneries

PotteryIntroductionKumbharwada area is mostly famous for making variety of pots. Kumbharwada represents 6 generation from Saurashtra who have lived & worked in Mumbai. They are migrants whose forefathers left their hometowns in Gujarat, in western India, during the 1930s, in search of better earnings and livelihoods in Mumbai city. Kumbharwada occupies 12.5 acres of prime property in Dharavi. It is located at the point where 90ft road meets 60ft road over 1000 potters work in this area including women with an average of 25 women in one block out of seven blocks only in 250 huts are for pots making & polishing in respective potters house. It also serves kitchen & a bedroom. The first Kumbharwada was at Naigaon. In 1932 there were 319 Kumbhar families, today there are about 2,000.

ProcessThe clay required for the making of the is being brought from mumbra .A variety of pots, vases, divas are being made at Kumbharwada. Still the traditional method is being used for making pots. Firstly the pots are made on the wheel then they are dried for approximately 24-36 hours. Then they are baked in the bhatti. Then they are polished. After that they are ready to use.

ConsumerMost of the pots made in dharavi are sold in the city while some good quality of pots are also being exported.

TurnoverThe total turnover of this potters is approximately 150-200 crores.

Workers 90% of the workers in the field of making pots are gujratis while the other 10% is mix of Muslims and Mahrashtrians

Case study (potter)Pottery was once a thriving industry, but not anymore, according to Gopinath ( a person with whom we talked) a potter in his mid-forties who lives with his wife, children, unmarried brothers and sisters, and aging parents in a dirty and congested shanty about 400 square feet in area. Gopinath says pottery is no longer a lucrative business as market demands for pots is fast diminishing. As this is the only trade Gopinath has inherited from his father, he has no option but to carry on pottery despite the low return. Basically, pots are made out of mud and clay and rolled and shaped by hand with the help of rotating wheels. Pottery making, which is considered an age-old traditional art in India.In the past people stored drinking water in pots, which helped to cool it, but refrigerator water bottles have replaced pots. The demand for pottery today is seasonal only; for example, for festivals like Diwali, when clay lamps are used to light houses. Gopinath said that most of the members of his community are opting out of pottery for other trades as it has become extremely difficult for them to survive on their meagre earning of about $250 per month. Potters average around $2,500 a year in earnings. Gopinath does not want his children to follow in his footsteps but to look for better opportunities after completing their educations.Gopinath is opposed to the controversial DRP. The smaller living area would be too small to accommodate his extended family and his pottery business.The government seems determined to go ahead with the DRP. Thousands of potters like Gopinath are bracing for a grim future. At stake are not only the age-old traditional of pottery making but the very existence of the Kumbhar (potter).

Gold Refining Sakinabai is one of Dharavi’s oldest chawls located off Dharavi main road. It’s narrow lanes are literally lined with gold-refined. It is the home of gold refining, jewellery making & polishing. The jewellery made in dharavi is famous for traditional Tamil jewellery

Process Refining. Gold is kept in small earthenware pots which are then placed in a small opening above the fire. Once the goal melts it is mad into nuggets & weighed. It is sold according to it’s weight to the jewellers. The gold that is thus smelted from old ornaments, sold to pay off debts or to buy new jewellery

Process finishingThe polishing of gold jewellery is done manually. One plastic basin has Aretha water in which ornament is soaked The Excess dirt is then removed carefully with a brush.

Consumer Most of the jewellery made is sold in the domestic market only. Jewellery made in dharavi is mostly traditional tamilians jewellery

Workers

Mostly the workers in making of jewellery are Tamils while the jewellery shops are being owned by gujratis.

Food IndustryThe next time you bite into a soft, sweet, gulab jamun at a 5 star hotel in Mumbai, you will probably eating something manufactured in Dharavi. Imagine the over powering smell of ghee assaulting you as you make your own through one of the many garbage-encrusted roads in Dharavi. If you look behind the high gates next to Diamond Apartments, where Abdul Baqua, who makes sutures lives, you will see a factory-like structure set within a large compound. This is the place where gulab jamuns, rosogullas, chamchams, motichoor ladoos, kaju barfee & many more delicious Indian sweets are made. Punjabi Ghasitaram Halwai is very famous in Dharavi. A bigger food businesses is that of manufacturing chikki, chana, chakli & mysore pak. In addition to chikki & mithai you will see many women rolling out papads. If you walk down dharavi cross road you will find shops either side laden with goodswhich have been manufactured and packed in the lanes just behind dharavi. Dharavi’s chiki makers produces tonnes of peanut brittle chikiwhich is sold allover the city and outside. In dharavi there are also many big companies which manufactures different types of snacks. The chiki available at railway platforms and small atores is mostly being made in dharavi.

Papad making

Ever wondered the lijjat papad you eat where does it come from, it comes from Dharavi. You will see many women’s rolling out papad some of them is supplying them to Lijjat Papad. It is a women’s organisation called Shri. Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad. Lijjat has 8,000 registered members in Mumbai. Those women’s travel to Bandra everyday to collect the wet dough from which papads are made within a couple of days they are back with the rolled out papads which have been dried in the sun. For their efforts those women earn an average of Rs. 50 to Rs. 60 per day. All the woman’s rolling out papad do not work for, Shri. Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad many do this for private entrepreneurs and many for themselves. The Shri. Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad has its largest branch of making papad in dharavi.

WorkersThe most interesting aspects of the trade is that each set of workers come from different parts of India. Thus, Bengali workers make chamchams & rosogullas, Punjabis make ladoos & gulab jamuns, maharashtrians make kaju katri & burfis & the UP bhaiyas make khoya milk based sweets as well as some of the savouries like samosas.

ConsumersThe food items made in dharavi is mostly sold locally. The Shri. Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat also export its papad to U.S.A and europe

Number of units152 Food units – chikki (27), papads, chana dal, khari biscuit etc.

Recycling IndustryEver wondered where the pen refills go after you have disposed them off? It might be of hardly any significance but there is an entire world out there earning their living off the recycling business. Plastic goods including road waste, bags, and oil plastic cans are recycled at the plants in Dharavi. Recycling is a multi million dollar industry. According to NSDF Dharavi’s plastic recycling industry is the largest in India. Recycling scrap area of Dharavi is concentrated in what is commonly known as 13th compound, located on the corner where 60ft road meets Mahim’s Sion link road. Across the road is a Mithi river & the Mahim creek. This is one area that could have been developed, either as an industrial area or as a residential one, if the authorities had been alert. Just when Dharavi’s development began in 1986. In the so-called '13th compound' Dharavi's recycling miracle is in full show. This is where 80 per cent of Mumbai's plastic waste is given a new life. All around young boys cart wheelbarrows filled with everyday plastic waste. Junk is a word that does not exist. Dharavi's plastic recycling industry employs almost 10,000 people, melting, reshaping and moulding discarded plastic. Dharavi’s speciality is recycling plastic it employs over 10,000 people & turnover estimated Rs.1 85 crores everyday at least 25,000 sacks of plastic leave this area. The Recyclers are paid on daily wages of Rs.80 – to Rs. 100 per day for 10-12 hours. Around 2000 tonnes of plastic is recycled daily. Apart from plastic, scrap metal, papers, wood, tins etc are also recycled.

Recycling is one of the slum's biggest industries. Thousands of tonnes of scrap plastic, metals, paper, cotton, soap and glass revolve through Dharavi each day.Location is the key to this. Until two decades ago, the slum was next door to Bombay's biggest rubbish tip. This provided a livelihood for thousands of local dalits, for whom “rag picking”—scavenging on society's leftovers for anything of salvageable value—is a traditional employment. The tip has since been shifted outside the city. So too, for want of space, have many of Dharavi's recycling units.

"In a city that wastes nothing, everything has a market as long as you are willing to pay something for it. Junk is a word that does not exist. If it has a use it will be used to its maximum."

Recycling of plastic bags LIKE Hindu souls, disposable plastic cups are many times reborn in Dharavi. In a spiralling continuum, they are discarded and gathered in, melted down to their polypropylene essence, and re-moulded in some new plastic form. Recycling is one of the slum's biggest industries. Yet the roughly 6,000 tonnes of rubbish produced each day by a swelling Mumbai continues to sustain an estimated 30,000 ragpickers, including many residents of Dharavi. The slum is also host to some 1000 plastic recycling units. Recycling of plastic bag is the biggest business, it takes place on a very large scale. The profit margins are very less they earn around 1½ -2 Rs per kg of plastic bags

ProcessFirstly the plastic bags are collected then they are torn after that they wash and then the plastic bags are given to the recycling company which recycles them.

Polythene recycling Industry• Highly mechanized industry.• Very less manpower (around 2-3) workers required.• Area of approximately 300 sq. ft.

• Not willing to shift from the ground floor because of heavy machinery.• Hazardous fumes are created during work which poses a health hazard

Recycling of oil drums Sonala compound in dharavi is very famous for oil drums recycling and repairing. Many multinational companies also send their containers and drums for repairing and recycling in dharavi.

Number of unitsAbove 1000 recycling units are situated in dharavi.

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GarmentYour fetish for fine fabrics can be satiated if you take a walk along the readymade garment outlets that stand in a line here. It's a hub for middlemen, manufacturers and exporters of garments. Sizeable number of manufacturers supplying to domestic markets operate here and some export high quality knitted and woven garments. We export 80 per cent of our garments to the USA and 20 per cent to South America and Mexico. There are more than 10-20 units in dharavi which have an average turnover of around 10 crores. There are around 500 small and big scale units in dharavi

Embroidery and ZardoziEmbroidery and zardozi work is also done on a large scale in dharavi there are around 100-150 embroidery and zardozi units in dharavi. This work is mostly done by women’s . They get 80-100 bucks for 8-10 hours of work

Consumer 80% of the garments are exported to US and Mexico while the other 20% is sold in the domestic market. United States biggest retail chain Wal-Mart and K-mart are one of the biggest consumers of the garment industry of dharavi

Number of units500 small scale Garments units, and about 100 doing embroidery and Zardozi work.

SuturesIf you want to order WHO certified sutures that also at its chepest price then there is no better place then dharavi. The world’s topmost company Johnson and Johnson has its factory in dharavi. Proximity to abattoir in Bandra enhanced the trade of making sutures. Apart from Johnson and Johnson, the multinational company that have factory in dharavi, the other person best known is abdul baqua who owns Ideal Trading company His factory has been certified by WHO and he is proud that despite the filth his company can maintain the highest standard of hygiene and manufacture sutures that are meant exclusively for export. Other than this 2 company there are many smaller units which manufacture fine quality of sutures. Most of there sutures is sold in the domestic market only while some is exported also. The total turnover of this Industry was around 100-120 crores in the year 2005-2006

SoapThere are around 5-6 soap and detergent manufacturing units in dharavi ,much of which is sold locally around 5-7 tons of soap is annually produced in dharavi. Much of which is sold locally. All the units in dharavi manufacture coarse "kapda-dhonewalla" [detergent soap]. The workers employed by this industry are mostly on daily wages. The packing of the soap is done mostly by

women’s. Interestingly there is one soap factory Dharavi which was started by former workers from the Hindustan Lever Ltd (HLL) soap factory in Sewri which closed down due to labour issues. They started making soap (very similar to the HLL Soap) to protest the lockout. It sells for about 4 rupees a bar which is less than half of what a branded soap costs, giving the soap an assured market among the poorer classes.

Number of units 3 to 4 Soap and detergent factories

Other industriesChuna making industryThe Chuna industry was mainly carried out in homes in 13 compound. Usually, a whole family used to be involved in it. There were two core pars of this industry...A.) making the Chuna and;B.) Manufacturing the small plastic bottles for storing the Chuna.

ColourIndustryThe colour industry was carried out in the far end of 13 compound between the two huge BMC water pipelines near Mahim Railway Station.The industry can be seen in the horizon between the two pipesThe salient features of this industry are as follows:• Nearly no machinery seen…only manpower.• Lots of water requirement.• Usually family oriented business…with family living in proximity near the railway line.• Potentially lethal chemicals are used with 2-3 accidents occurring every year on an average

• The colors are sent outside dharavi to Mumbai and other cities for consumption

The expected and unexpected both are manufactured in dharavi but is there any future. Dharavi has a very good economy But the illegal activities cannot be ignored Barely 10 per cent of the commercial activity here is legal. Most of the workshops are constructed illegally on government land, power is routinely stolen and commercial licences are rarely sought. The business laws of this land are not applicable in Dharavi. How can they be applicable to a place that for all legal reasons does not exist? Dharavi is beyond our traditional India baboon of red tape, licenses, duties, municipal permissions, paperwork and taxes. Dharavi is therefore in a sense a "Free Economic Zone"..

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Illegal activities in dharavi• Child labour • There are 145 (Hazardous chemical drums) recycling units • Foundries • Adulteration and copying (cold drinks to toothpaste) • 722 Scrap and Recycling (plastics, chemicals etc.) of which only 359 are licensed

FutureThe DRP planIn June 2007, the government floated global tenders for the 90-billion-rupee Slum-free Dharavi Redevelopment Project (DRP). The project envisages

undertaking about 70 million square feet of construction. Some 30 million square feet of that will be for residential space and amenities, whereas the remaining 40 million square feet will be put up for sale.About 4,500 industrial units will be rehabilitated in the designated commercial area. Polluting units, such as the leather industry, will be shifted elsewhere, and only non-polluting and non-hazardous units would be allowed to stay. Around 57,000 new houses with an area of 225 square feet will be built for the residents of Dharavi. If the DRP plan is approved than all the industry will be closed.

Condemtion by the public for there livelihoodThe project has been fiercely condemned by the slum-dwellers, who have created a vibrant self-sufficient economy of potteries, tanneries and other industry among the warren of narrow lanes. At one side of the slum, women stuff mattresses and vans ferry goods to market while potters work on open roofs creating clay figures for sale. Environmental groups say such industries at Dharavi provide an object lesson in recycling. But city planners say the tanneries and workshops pollute Mumbai's already filthy waterways and the project includes environmentally friendly workshops.

Dharavi is a flourishing but illegal economy.

Name-Deepak Jain

Roll no-41

SubjectEnvironmental management

Project Human activity in

dharavi

Index1) Introduction

2) Enterprises and ingenuity

3) Leather industry

4) Pottery

5) Gold Refining

6) Food Industry

7) Recycling Industry

8) Garment Industry

9) Sutures and Soap Industry

10) Other industries

11) Future

LAND TITLE HOLDINGS

SR. NO. LAND TITLE AREA IN HECTARES

AREAS IN ACRES

1. Bombay Municipal Land

106 262

2. Government Land 26 64

3. Private land 43 106

4. Grand Total 175 432

DEMOGRAPHIC TABLE

SR NO TITLE UNITS1. No. of Huts 80,5182. No. of Families 1,06,0453. No. of persons 5,30,225

EMPLOYMENT STATUS

SR. NO. TITLE PERCENTAGE1. Permanent Job 50%2. Temporary Job 15%3. Self-Employment 35%

MIGRATION BREAK-UP

SR. NO. TITLE TOTAL NUMBER PERCENTAGE1. Tamil Nadu 1,94,915 36.6%2. Maharashtra 1,76,880 33.36%3. Karnataka 30,565 5.76%4. Andhra Pradesh 28,145 5.36%5. Uttar Pradesh 49,550 9.34%6. Kerala 24,155 4.56%7. Gujarat 24,435 4.61%8. Bihar 175 0.04%9. Rajasthan 1,225 0.21%10. Total 5,30,225 100%

The above table reads the major occupation and the no of units

Occupation

Major area No of unitsLegally

Estimation

Leather Parsichawl and chamda bazaar

150 Above 200

Potter Kumbharwada 250 Above 1000

Garments Social nagar and dharavi main road

500 Above 1000

Soap 13TH compound 3-4 3-4

Sutures 13TH compound - 25-30

Gold Refining and jewellery

Mukund nagar - Above 100

Food Diamond apartment andDharavi main road

152 Above 500

Recycling A.K.G.Nagar 13TH compound, Sonala compound

- Above 1000

OthersDharavi 4902 Above 7000

Other Information as per NSDF survey 1985Average density per acre 350 huts (800 to 1000 per hectare)

Permitted density per acre 266 huts (500 per hectare)

Population density per acre 1225 (4000 to 5000 per hectare)

Daily turnover in dharavi Rs. 70,00,000

Municipal primary schools 4 existing (3 proposed)

Secondary schools 1 existing (1 proposed)

Play ground 4 existing (1 proposed)

Municipal market 1 proposed

Municipal health centre 1 existing

Police station 1 existing

Fire Bridge 1 existing

Cemetery 2 existing

Post office 2 existing

Park 1 proposed

Pump house 1 proposed

Vocational training school and polytechnic 1 proposed

Service industrial zone 1 proposed

industrial zone 1 proposed

AS per NSDF Survey 1985S. No. Commercial Business No. of units

1. Food Items 152

2. Leather 43

3. Video 114

4. Printing Press 50

5. Hotel 111

6. Bakery 25

7. Scrap 177

8. Garment Export 85

9. Small Scale Industries 244

10. Big Industries 43