dharamshala ropeway limitedenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/eia/06092016k4...eia study for...

EIA STUDY FOR FOR DEVELOPMENT OF PASSENGER ROPEWAY BETWEEN DHARAMSHALA TO

MC LEDOGANJ, HIMACHAL PRADESH

FINAL REPORTSEPTEMBER 2016

DHARAMSHALA ROPEWAY LIMITED

RITES LIMITED(A Government of India Enterprise)RITES Bhawan,Plot No.1,Sector-29GURGAON-122001(INDIA)www.rites.com

CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................... 1.11.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY AND TERMS OF REFERENCE.......................... 1.21.4 LEGAL POLICY ................................................................................................... 1.2

1.4.1 Environmental Clearance of Development Projects................................... 1.2 1.4.2 Water and Water Pollution ........................................................................ 1.3 1.4.3 Air Quality ................................................................................................. 1.3 1.4.4 Noise Quality............................................................................................. 1.3 1.4.5 Solid Waste Management ......................................................................... 1.4

1.5 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK.......................................................................... 1.4 1.5.1 Central and State Pollution Control Boards ............................................... 1.4

1.6 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY........................................................................ 1.5 1.6.1 Data Collection.......................................................................................... 1.5 1.6.2 Environmental Impact Assessment ........................................................... 1.5 1.6.3 Environmental Management Plan ............................................................ 1.7 1.6.4 Environmental Monitoring......................................................................... 1.7

1.7 FORMAT OF THE EIA REPORT ......................................................................... 1.7

2. PROJECT DISCRIPTION

2.1 PROJECT LOCATION ......................................................................................... 2.12.2 SELECTION OF ALIGNMENT ............................................................................. 2.12.3 ROPEWAY SYSTEM .......................................................................................... 2.1

2.3.1 Construction/Fabrication of Structures ..2.9 2.3.2 Control System ..2.9 2.3.3 Communication .2.13 2.3.4 Power Requirement and Supply 2.13 2.3.5 Operation and Maintenance of ropeway system .2.13

2.4 MANPOWER REQUIREMENT .................................................................. .2.142.5 CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT/MACHINERY 2.142.6 SOIL INVESTIGATION ...................................................................................... 2.152.7 CONSTRUCTION METHOD .2.162.8 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE.......................................................................... 2.162.9 CONSTRUCTION PERIOD................................................................................ 2.162.10 PROJECT COST ............................................................................................... 2.17

3. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

3.1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................. 3.1

3.2 SITE ALTERNATIVE.......................................................................................................... 3.13.2.1 Alternative I .......................................................................... .3.23.2.2 Alternative II ............................................................................................... 3.33.2.3 Alternative III .............................................................................................. 3.33.2.4 Selection of Best Options .............................................................................. 3.4

3.3 TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES........................................................................................ 3.4 3.3.1 Monocable Ropeway Systems............................................................................ 3.5 3.3.2 Bicable Ropeway Systems ................................................................................. 3.5 3.3.3 System Selection................................................................................................ 3.5

4. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE DATA

4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING........................................................................................... 4.14.2 LAND ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................................................... 4.3 4.2.1 Physiography............................................................................................................ 4.3 4.2.2 Geology and Soil ...................................................................................................... 4.3 4.2.3 Land use pattern ...................................................................................................... 4.8 4.2.4 Seismicity ............................................................................................................... 4.114.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT................................................................................................. 4.12 4.3.1 Surface Water ........................................................................................................ 4.12 4.3.2 Ground Water.......................................................................................................... 4.13 4.3.3 Water Quality.......................................................................................................... 4.134.4 METEOROLOGY AND AIR ENVIRONMENT................................................................... 4.19 4.4.1 Air Quality............................................................................................................... 4.23 4.4.2 Critically Polluted Area ........................................................................................... 4.24

4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT................................................................................................... 4.244.6 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT....................................................................................... 4.26 4.6.1 Natural Vegetation.................................................................................................. 4.26 4.6.2 Habitat Assessment................................................................................................. 4.28 4.6.3 Fauna..................................................................................................................... 4.284.7 HISTORICAL/ARCHEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS............................................................ 4.334.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT.............................................................................. 4.33 4.8.1 Kangra District......................................................................................................... 4.34 4.8.2 Socio-Economic Profile within the Project Area ....................................................... 4.36 4.8.3 Socio-Economic Survey ........................................................................................ 4.37 4.8.4 Public Consultation.................................................................................................. 4.38

5. IMPACTS ASSESSMENT & MITIGATION MEASURES

5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS............................................................................................ 5.15.2 IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT.................................................................................. 5.1 5.2.1 Impacts on Topography, Drainage & Soil Quality ...................................................... 5.1 5.2.2 Impact on Slope Erosion/Landslide ........................................................................... 5.2 5.2.3 Risk due to Earthquakes ........................................................................................... 5.3

5.2.4 Impact due to Solid Waste........................................................................................ 5.3 5.2.5 Impacts on Existing Features within 1 km................................................................. 5.35.3 IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT .............................................................................. 5.3 5.3.1 Water Use ................................................................................................................ 5.45.4 IMPACTS ON AIR ENVIRONMENT................................................................................... 5.5 5.4.1 Air Pollution .............................................................................................................. 5.5 5.5 IMPACT ON NOISE ENVIRONMENT .............................................................................. 5.15 5.5.1 Impact during Construction....................................................................................... 5.7 5.5.2 Impact during Operation ........................................................................................... 5.85.6 IMPACT DUE TO VIBRATION......................................................................................... 5.18 5.6.1 Impact during Construction..................................................................................... 5.18 5.6.2 Impact during Operation ......................................................................................... 5.18 5.6.3 Impact due to Wind Pressure ................................................................................. 5.195.7 IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT .................................................................. 5.195.8 SOCIO- ECONOMIC IMPACTS ........................................................................................ 5.20 5.8.1 Loss of Agricultural Land ......................................................................................... 5.20 5.8.2 Loss of Crop Yield .................................................................................................... 5.20 5.8.3 Employment Opportunity .......................................................................................... 5.20 5.8.4 Benefit to Economy .................................................................................................. 5.20 5.8.5 Recreation and Tourism Potential............................................................................. 5.21 5.8.6 Pressure on Existing Environment............................................................................ 5.21 5.8.7 Cultural Conflicts ...................................................................................................... 5.21 5.8.8 Woman and Gender Issue........................................................................................ 5.21 5.8.9 Tribal People and Indigenous Population ................................................................. 5.21 5.8.10 Cost of Living Inflation ............................................................................................ 5.22 5.8.11 Better Connectivity ................................................................................................. 5.225.9 CHECKLIST OF IMPACTS ................................................................................................. 5.225.10 EPILOGUE........................................................................................................................ 5.22

6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

6.1 GENERAL.......................................................................................................................... 6.16.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN........................................................................ 6.56.3 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE......................................................................................... 6.5 6.3.1 Forest and Wildlife Management . ....... 6.5 6.3.2 Energy Conservation Measures ............................................................................... 6.6 6.3.3 Construction Material Management .......................................................................... 6.7 6.3.4 Borrow area Management ........................................................................................ 6.7 6.3.5 Provision for Green Building ..................................................................................... 6.7 6.3.6 Rehabilitation and Resettlement of the Project ........................................................ 6.106.4 CONSTRUCTION STAGE ............................................................................................... 6.11 6.4.1 Air Pollution & Dust Control measures.................................................................... 6.11 6.4.2 Noise Control Measures ............ 612 6.4.3 Water Supply and Sanitation .................................................................................. 6.12 6.4.4 Oil Spill control/Management.................................................................................... 6.12

6.4.5 Solid Waste Management ........................................................................................ 6.12 6.4.6 First aid Health System ........................................................................................... 6.14 6.4.7 Training ................................................................................................................... 6.14 6.4.8 Soil Erosion Control................................................................................................. 6.146.5 OPERATION STAGE........................................................................................................ 6.156.5.1 Air Pollution Control.......................................................................................................... 6.156.5.2 Water Supply and Sanitation ............................................................................................ 6.156.5.3 Solid Waste Disposal ....................................................................................................... 6.156.5.4 First aid Health System .................................................................................................... 6.156.5.5 Green Belt......................................................................................................................... 6.156.5.6 Community Development Program.................................................................................... 6.166.6 EPILOGUE....................................................................................................................... 6.17

7. RISK ANALYSIS

7.1 GENERAL......................................................................................................................... 7.17.2 RISK ................................................................................................................................. 7.1 7.2.1 Risk Assessment..................................................................................................... 7.1 7.2.2 Risk Characteristics................................................................................................. 7.3 7.2.3 Risk management ................................................................................................... 7.3 7.2.4 Risk Communication................................................................................................ 7.3 7.2.5 Risk Assessment methodology................................................................................ 7.3 7.2.6 Safeguarding of Passengers and Personnel............................................................ 7.77.3 FIVE MAJOR PROBLEMS IN USE OF WIRE ROPES...................................................... 7.87.4 IDENTIFIED HAZARD....................................................................................................... 7.97.5 CONSEQUENCES AND FREQUENCY ANALYSIS........................................................ 7.107.6 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA .............................................................................................. 7.107.7 MITIGATION MEASURES .............................................................................................. 7.11 7.7.1 Design verification ................................................................................................. 7.11 7.7.2 Acceptance ........................................................................................................... 7.12 7.7.3 Materials................................................................................................................ 7.12 7.7.4 Foundation of towers ............................................................................................ 7.13 7.7.5 Maximum Speed and Minimum Spacing Between Vehicles................................... 7.13 7.7.6 Wind effects .......................................................................................................... 7.13 7.8.7 Inspection and Testing of Aerial Ropeways ........................................................... 7.137.8 RULES OF PRACTICE FOR PASSENGER ROPEWAYS............................................... 7.147.9 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF ROPEWAY........................................................ 7.157.10 CONTROL AND SAFETY OF PASSENGERS ................................................................ 7.187.11 SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLANS ................................................................................... 7.187.12 ELECTRICAL PROTECTION.......................................................................................... 7.207.13 SAFETY CERTIFICATION.............................................................................................. 7.20

8. DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT............................................................................................. 8.1 8.1.1 Preventive Action ................................................................................................... 8.1 8.1.2 Reporting Procedures............................................................................................. 8.1 8.1.3 Communication System.......................................................................................... 8.1 8.1.4 Emergency Action Committee ................................................................................ 8.18.2 EMERGENCY MEASURES ............................................................................................. 8.2 8.2.1 Safety Measures .................................................................................................... 8.2 8.2.2 Rescue and Other Arrangement............................................................................. 8.3 8.2.2.1.Communication........................................................................................... 8.4 8.2.2.2.CCTV at Both Station ................................................................................. 8.5 8.2.2.3.Public Address System............................................................................... 8.5 8.2.2.4.Protections.................................................................................................. 8.5

9. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN AND COST

9.1 GENERAL........................................................................................................................ 9.19.2 WATER QUALITY MONITORING .................................................................................... 9.19.3 AIR AND NOISE QUALITY MONITORING....................................................................... 9.19.4 SOIL QUALITY MONITORING......................................................................................... 9.29.5 ESTABLISHMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CELL ............................................................ 9.29.6 ENVIRONMENTAL COST................................................................................................ 9.2

10. PUBLIC HEARING

10.1 GENERAL...................................................................................................................... 10.1

11. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

11.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ 11.111.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 11.211.3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL DATA............................................................................ 11.211.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT................................................................. 11.411.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN.................................................................... 11.511.6 RISK ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................ 11.811.7 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN................................................................................. 11.911.8 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN .................................................................... 11.1011.9 ENVIRONMENTAL COST............................................................................................ 11.1011.10 PUBLIC HEARING ...................................................................................................... 11.1011.11 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................. 11.10

12. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT

12.1 EIA CONSULTANT ........................................................................................................ 12.112.2 OTHER ORGANIZATION/LABORATORIES ENGAGED................................................ 12.1

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 2.1 LOCATION OF ROPEWAY ........... 2.1 TABLE 2.2 SALIENT FEATURES OF ROPEWAY SYSTEM....................................................... 2.2TABLE 2.3 PURPOSE WISE BREACKUP OF THE TOTAL LAND REQUIRED FOR THE

CONSTRUCTION OF DHARMASHALA ROPEWAYS LIMITED ... .......... 2.5TABLE 2.4 POWER REQUIREMENT .......... 2.13TABLE 2.5 MAJOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL .......... 2.15TABLE 2.6 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT AND MACHINERY ......... 2.15TABLE 2.7 SOIL INVESTIGATION . ........... 2.17TABLE 4.1 SCOPING MATRIX FOR THE PROJECT................................................................. 4.1TABLE 4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES AND FREQUENCY OF MONITORING............... 4.2TABLE 4.3 SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS................................................................................. 4.6TABLE 4.4 SOIL SAMPLE ANALYSIS........................................................................................ 4.6TABLE 4.5 LAND USE CLASSIFICATION FOR STUDY AREA OF 15 KM RADIUS................. 4.10TABLE 4.6 WATER SAMPLING LOCATION............................................................................. 4.13TABLE 4.7 WATER QUALITY AT PROJECT SITE................................................................... 4.14TABLE 4.8 MONTHLY AVERAGE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (ºC) OF DHARAMSHALA ..... 4.19TABLE 4.9 MONTHLY AVERAGE MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (ºC) OF DHARAMSHALA ...... 4.19TABLE 4.10 MONTHLY AVERAGE RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF DHARAMSHALA STATION AT

0830 IST ..... 4.20TABLE 4.11 MONTHLY AVERAGE RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF DHARAMSHALA STATION AT

1730 IST ..... 4.20TABLE 4.12 MONTHLY TOTAL RAINFALL IN MM OF DHARAMSHALA STATION ... .... 4.20TABLE 4.13 AVERAGE CLOUD COVER, SOLAR RADIATION, ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE 4.21TABLE 4.14 DESCRIPTIONOF AMBIENT AIR and NOISE QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS4.23TABLE 4.15 AIR QUALITY IN AND AROUND PROJECT SITE ................................................. 4.24TABLE 4.16 NOISE LEVELS OF THE PROJECT SITE ............................................................. 4.25TABLE 4.17 LIST OF FAUNA ........ 4.29TABLE 4.18 ADMINISTRATIVE SET UP OF HIMACHAL AND KANGRA ..... 4.34TABLE 4.19 PROFILES OF TEHSILS, DISTRICTS AND HIMACHAL PRADESH ..... 4.35TABLE 5.1 POLLUTION SOURCES AND CHARACTERISTICS ................................................ 5.2TABLE 5.2 CONSTRUCTION STAGE WATER REQUIREMENT ............................................... 5.5TABLE 5.3 FREQUENCY OF STABILITY CLASSES 5.7TABLE 5.4 EMISSION SOURCE CHARACTERISTICS .. 5.10TABLE 5.5 NOISE LEVELS GENERATED FROM CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT ...........5.16TABLE 5.6 IMPACTS ON ECOLOGY ........................................................................................ 5.19TABLE 5.7 BIOMASS LOSS...................................................................................................... 5.19TABLE 5.8 CHECKLIST OF IMPACTS ...................................................................................... 5.22TABLE 6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES ............... 6.1

TABLE 6.2 THE TECHNICAL DETAILS OF THE COMPANSATORY AFFORESTRATION 6.5TABLE 6.3 DIVERSION OF LAND FROM FOREST DEPARTMENT ..6.6TABLE 6.4 COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING PROGRAMMES 6.14TABLE 9.1 PROPOSED MONITORING PROGRAMME FOR AIR AND NOISE QUALITY .......... 9.1TABLE 9.2 PROPOSED MONITORING PROGRAMME FOR SOIL QUALITY............................. 9.2TABLE 9.3 COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL CELL.......................................................................... 9.2TABLE 9.4 ENVIRONMENTAL COST ......................................................................................... 9.3

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1.1 METHODOLOGY FOR EIA STUDY ....................................................................... 1.6FIGURE 2.1 LOCATION MAP OF ROPEWAY SITE................................................................... 2.3FIGURE 2.2 LOCATION MAP OF ROPEWAY SITE 2.4FIGURE 2.3 PROPOSED ROPEWAY SYSTEM ON TOPOSHEET ....................... 2.5FIGURE 2.4 LONGITUDINAL SCTION OF ROPEWAY SYSTEM............................................... 2.6FIGURE 2.5 CONTOUR PLAN OF ROPEWAY ALIGNMENT ................................ 2.7FIGURE 2.6 CONTOUR PLAN OF LOWER TERMINAL............................................................. 2.7FIGURE 2.7 CONTOUR PLAN OF UPPER TERMINAL . ....................................... 2.8FIGURE 2.8 PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING LOCATION OF LTP ................................................. 2.8FIGURE 2.9 PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING LOCATION OF UTP ................................................ 2.9FIGURE 2.10 LAYOUT PLAN FOR LOWER TERMINAL.......................................................... 2.10FIGURE 2.11 LAYOUT PLAN FOR UPPER TERMINAL........................................................... 2.11FIGURE 2.12 PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING EXISTING PARKING AT UTP.............................. 2.12FIGURE 2.13 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION BAR CHART ..................................................... 2.17FIGURE 4.1 LANDFORMS OF THE PROJECT AREA ............................................................... 4.4FIGURE 4.2 PYSIOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE MAP OF KANGRA DISTRICT .......................... 4.4FIGURE 4.3 GEOLOGICAL MAP OF KANGRA DISTRICT......................................................... 4.5 FIGURE 4.4 LANDUSE MAP OF PROJECT AREA (15 KM)...................................................... 4.9FIGURE 4.5 SETTELMENT MAP OF PROJECT AREA (15 KM) .............................................. 4.10FIGURE 4.6 DRAINAGE MAP OF PROJECT AREA ................................................................ 4.11FIGURE 4.7 SEISMIC ZONING MAP OF INDIA ....................................................................... 4.12FIGURE 4.8 SEISMIC HAZADUS MAP OF HIMACHAL PRADESH ......................................... 4.12FIGURE 4.9 MONTHLY WINDROSE DIAGRAMS OF SHIMLA ............................................... 4.21FIGURE 4.10 LOCATION OF AIR AND NOISE SAMPLES....................................................... 4.23FIGURE 4.11 FOREST TYPES IN PROJECT AREA................................................................ 4.27FIGURE 4.12 FOREST PATCH, WAY TO PROPOSED UPPER TERMI ................................... 4.30FIGURE 4.13 DHAULADHAR PEAKS, A VIEW FROM PROPOSED UPPER TERMINAL......... 4.30FIGURE 4.14 KALIJ PHEASANT FOUND IN STUDY AREA ..................................................... 4.31FIGURE 4.15 RED JUNGLE FOWL FOUND IN STUDY AREA ................................................ 4.31FIGURE 4.16 KOKLAS PHESANT FOUND IN STUDY AREA................................................... 4.32FIGURE 4.17 MONKEYS OBSERVED AT DHARMASHALA..................................................... 4.32FIGURE 5.1 HPIPH NOC LETTER ............................................................................................. 5.4FIGURE 5.2 WIND ROSE........................................................................................................... 5.6

FIGURE 5.3 WIND CLASS FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION ........................................................ 5.7FIGURE 5.4 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 24-HOUR AVERAGE PM2.5 CONC. (μG/M3) ......... 5.9FIGURE 5.5 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 24-HOUR AVERAGE PM10 CONC. (μG/M3) .......... 5.9FIGURE 5.6 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 24-HOUR AVERAGE PM2.5 CONC. (μG/M3) ....... 5.10FIGURE 5.7 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 24-HOUR AVERAGE PM10 CONC. (μG/M3) ........ 5.11FIGURE 5.8 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 24-HOUR AVERAGE SO2 CONC. (μG/M3) ......... 5.11FIGURE 5.9 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 24-HOUR AVERAGE NOX CONC. (μG/M3)........ 5.12FIGURE 5.10 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 8-HOUR AVERAGE CO CONC (μG/M3) ............. 5.12FIGURE 5.11 ROAD NETWORK FROM DHARAMSHALA CITY TO MCLEOD GANJ.............. 5.14FIGURE 5.12 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 1-HR AVERAGE CO PREDICTED

CONCENTRATION (μG/M3).................................................................................... 5.14FIGURE 5.13 CO CONCENTRATION WITHOUT AND WITH ROPEWAY PROJECT.............. 5.15FIGURE 5.14 SPATIAL VARIATION OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT NOISE LEVELS DB(A):

CONSTRUCTION PHASE ...................................................................................... 5.17FIGURE 5.15 SPATIAL VARIATION OF NOISE LEVEL DB(A): OPERATION PHASE............. 5.18FIGURE 6.1 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SYSYTEM OF DHARAMSHALA ............................... 6.13FIGURE 6.2 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SITE OF DHARAMSHALA ......................................... 6.13FIGURE 7.1 RISKASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK....................................................................... 7.2FIGURE 7.2 THE FIVE STAGES OF RISK ASSESSMENT......................................................... 7.3FIGURE 7.3 PROCEDURE FOR A RISK ASSESSMENT............................................................ 7.6FIGURE 7.4 RISK ASSESSMENT FLOW CHART FOR LIMITS OF PASSENGER ROPEWAY

ISTALLATION............................................................................................................ 7.8FIGURE 7.5 PROBABLEPERCENTAGE CAUSES OF ACCIDENT IN ROPEWAY..................... 7.9FIGURE 10.1 COPY OF NEWS PAPER DANIK BHASKAR 10.1FIGURE 10.2 COPY OF NEWS PAPER HINDUSTAN TIMES 10.2

LIST OF ANNEXURE

ANNEXURE 1.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE................................................................................. 1-5ANNEXURE 1.2 EFFLUENT DISCHARGE STANDARDS (INLAND SURFACE WATER) .......... 1-2ANNEXURE 1.3 DRINKING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (IS 10500:2012) ........................ 1-3ANNEXURE 1.4 NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ......................................... 1-1ANNEXURE 1.5 NATIONAL AMBIENT NOISE STANDARDS.................................................... 1-1ANNEXURE 2.1 LAND DETAILS................................................................................................. 1-6ANNEXURE 2.2 NOC from HPSEB ........................................................................................... 1-1ANNEXURE 4.1 LIST OF COMMON TREES, SHRUBS, HERBS AND CLIMBERS .................. 1-7ANNEXURE 4.2 LIST OF BIRDS WITH THEIR CHARATERCTICS ........................................... 1-9ANNEXURE 4.3 I GENERAL ABSTRACT OF ENUMERATION LIST OF GREEN STANDING

TREES IN DHARAMSHALA FOREST RANGE FOR THE WORK OF DHARAMSHALA ROPEWAY LOWER TERMINAL POINT, (LTP) TOWERS LOCATION & UPPER TERMINAL POINT (UTP) and ROW PROPOSED TO FELLING ............................... 1-5

ANNEXURE 4.3 II ENUMERATION LIST OF GREEN STANDING TREES IN DHARAMSHALA FOREST RANGE FOR THE WORK OF DHARAMSHALA ROPEWAY LOWER

TERMINAL POINT, (LTP) TOWERS LOCATION & UPPER TERMINAL POINT (UTP) AND ROW PROPOSED TO FELLING..................................................................... 6-37

ANNEXURE 4.3 III GENERAL ABSTRACT OF ENUMERATION LIST OF GREEN STANDING TREES IN DHARAMSHALA FOREST RANGE FOR THE WORK OF DHARAMSHALA ROPEWAY LOWER TERMINAL POINT, (LTP) TOWERS LOCATION & UPPER TERMINAL POINT (UTP) and ROW PROPOSED NOT TO FELLING................... 38-41

ANNEXURE 4.3 IV ENUMERATION LIST OF GREEN STANDING TREES IN DHARAMSHALA FOREST RANGE FOR THE WORK OF DHARAMSHALA ROPEWAY LOWER TERMINAL POINT, (LTP) TOWERS LOCATION & UPPER TERMINAL POINT (UTP) AND ROW PROPOSED NOT TO FELLING .......................................................... 42-59

ANNEXURE 4.4 FOREST RIGHT ACT PUBLIC CONSULTATION ........................................... 1-16ANNEXURE 6.1 COMPANSATORY AFFORESTATION.............................................................. 1-5ANNEXURE 6.2 NPV VALUE FOR FOREST............................................................................... 1-2ANNEXURE 10.1 PUBLIC HEARING MINUTES OF MEETING ...1-24

NOMENCLATUREAAQM ....................................................................................... Ambient Air Quality MonitoringBIS ............................................................................................ Bureau of Indian StandardsBOD .........................................................................................Biochemical Oxygen DemandDRL ...................................................................................... Dharamshala Ropeway LimitedCO ........................................................................................................... Carbon MonoxideCOD .............................................................................................Chemical Oxygen DemandCPCB ...................................................................................... Central Pollution Control BoardCTE .......................................................................................................Consent to EstablishdB ........................................................................................................................... DecibelDC ................................................................................................................. Direct CurrentDG ............................................................................................................ Diesel GeneratorDPR ...................................................................................................Detailed Project ReportEAC ........................................................................................... Expert Appraisal CommitteeEC ............................................................................................... Environmental ClearanceEIA .................................................................................Environmental Impact AssessmentEMP ...................................................................................Environmental Management PlanEPA ..........................................................................................Environmental Protection ActGIS ....................................................................................... Geological Information SystemGOI ....................................................................................................... Government of IndiaGSHAP .................................................................Global Seismic Hazard Assessment ProgramHC ............................................................................................................... Hydro CarbonsHIRA .................................................................... Hazard Identification and Risk AssessmentIRS .................................................................................................. Indian Remote SensingIS .............................................................................................................. Indian StandardITP ............................................................................................Intermediate Terminal PointKLD ............................................................................................................ Kilo Litre per DayLTP ......................................................................................................Lower Terminal PointMoEF&CC ..................................................... Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate ChangeNEP ...........................................................................................National Environment PolicyNO ................................................................................................................Nitrogen OxideNOC ..................................................................................................No Objection CertificateO&M ............................................................................................Operation and MaintenancePHE ...............................................................................................Public Health EngineeringPM ........................................................................................................... Particulate MatterPPH ....................................................................................................... Passenger Per HourROU ....................................................................................................................Right of UseROW ...................................................................................................................Right of WaySO2 .............................................................................................................. Sulphur DioxideSPCB ..........................................................................................State Pollution Control BoardSWM ...............................................................................................Solid Waste ManagementTOR ........................................................................................................Terms of ReferenceUTP ......................................................................................................Upper Terminal Point

URBAN/ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING EIA Study for Development of Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to Mc Ledoganj, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh)

CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

Dharamshala stands at the foot of Dhauladhar and has a magnificent view of snowy peaks, deodar and pine forests, tea gardens and beautiful hills, The snow line is perhaps more easily accessible at Dharamshala than any other hill station in India. Dharamshala now really has become international, with a number of Tibetan settlements and the residence of Noble Laureate the 'Dalai Lama Dharamshala is divided into two distinct parts: lower Dharamshala comprising the civil and business area with Courts and Kotwali bazar and upper Dharamshala composed of places like McLeodganj and Forsyth Ganj.

The upper and lower towns with a difference of some 457 metres between them lies against a background of snow-capped mountains, forests of giant conifers, and carefully cultivated tea gardens. The mountains enfold three sides of the town and the alley stretches beyond to the south. Dharamshala s altitude varies between 1250 meters and 2000 meters.

The arrival of the Tibetan spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, along with thousands of refugees to Dharamshala in 1959 made the life here more active. A number of Tibetan settlements with religious education and other rehabilitation centres mushroomed all over the McLeodganj. As Dharamshala became the headquarter of the Tibetan Government in exile, headed by Dalai Lama, it gained prominence all over the world and prominent personalities started arriving here. McLeodganj emerged as a major Buddhist centre.

Needs of the Dharamshala McLeod Ganj Ropeway due to

� Road Journey about 9-10 Kms often congested due to traffic jams.� McLeod Ganj, Dharamshala goes under 30-50mm snow layer during winters and roads

connectivity further detoriates � Yearly 40 Lakh tourists visits the Place� Due to traffic congestion, It takes 3-4 hours to reach McLeodganj during peak season

The Department of Tourism & Civil Aviation, Himachal Pradesh for the development of Tourism in the State of Himachal Pradesh has decided to undertake development and operation/ maintenance of the Ropeway Project through Public-Private Partnership (the PPP ) on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (the DBFOT ) basis, and through

competitive bidding has decided to carry out the project by Dharamshala Ropeway Limited(DRL) through Himachal Pradesh Infrastructure Development Board (HPIDB).

RITES Ltd. (A Government of India Enterprise) was appointed by Dharamshala Ropeway Limited, as consultant, for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study for proposed Ropeway systems. An EIA study has been taken up as per the approved Terms of Reference (TOR) issued by Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF& CC) for Environmental Clearance of the project. The ToR issued by MoEF& CC for the study is presented in Annexure 1.1.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY AND TERMS OF REFERENCE

The objective of the study is to facilitate the Dharamshala Ropeway Limited to obtain prior environmental clearance from the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF& CC), Government of India for the proposed ropeway systems. In addition, it also proposes to establish environmental baseline and safeguard measures for protection of environment for sustainable development during project cycles. The MoEF& CC,Government of India, notification of 14th September 2006 and its amendment dated


INTRODUCTION Page 1.2

1stDecember 2009 enlist Ropeway projects in category A as per above notification schedule if located in ecological sensitive area and elevation is 1000m above msl. All projects or activitiesincluded as category A in the schedule shall require prior environmental clearance from MoEF& CC, Government of India.

In order to follow the procedure of project appraisal the DRL applied for the Terms of Reference for EIA study in MoEF& CC in prescribed formats. The DRL and RITES, the consultant made a presentation on the project before3rdExpert Appraisal Committee (infrastructure -2) held during 23rdFebruary, 2016 at New Delhi. MoEF&CC issued the Terms of Reference (ToR) for Ropeway project at Dharamshala vide F.No.1 0-1 0/201 6-lA.lll dated26th March 2016.The ToR for EIA for the project is placed at Annexure 1.1.

1.3 LEGAL POLICY

The need for a well-developed legal mechanism to conserve resources, protect the environment and ensures the health and well being of the people in India was felt. Keeping the pace with international laws, the Ministry of Environment and Forest enacted Environmental Protection Act in 1986. Over the years, the Government of India has framed several policies and promulgated number of Acts, Rules and Notifications aimed at management and protection of the environment. During last three decades an extensive network of environmental legislation has grown and presently it has a fairly complex body of environmental legislation aimed at ensuring that the development process meets the overall objective of promoting sustainability in the long run. The available legal Acts and Legislation referred during the study are:

• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (Amendment 1988). • The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act 1977, (Amendment), 2003.• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Rules, 1978, 1991.• The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981, amended 1987.• Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 amended 2002, 2006, 2010

and 2013.• The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, amended 1991.• The Environment (Protection) Rules,1986 amended upto 1998.• The Indian Forest Act, 1927.• Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, amended 1988.• Forest (Conservation) Rules, 2003 amended 2004 and 2014.• The Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972, Amendment, 2002• Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016• Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Trans boundary Movement) Rules,

2016• Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016• EIA Notification 2006, Amendment,2009, 2013• The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological sites and Remains (Amendment and

Validation Act), 2010• The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation

and Resettlement Act, 2013• EIA Guidance Manual for Aerial Ropeway

1.3.1 Environmental Clearance of Development Projects

The setting up of a developmental project in India is through the process of Environmental Clearance (EC). The Environmental Clearance is mandated by the EIA notification 14th

September 2006 (amended in December 2009 and July, 2013). The proposed ropeway



project is located at an elevation above 1000m msl. The proposed Ropeway project is inCategory A , hence needs clearance from MoEF&CC.

The project proponent has entrusted to prepare the Environmental Impact Assessment Report through RITES Ltd as per ToR issued by MoEF& CC. In order to follow environmental appraisal procedures, the copy of draft EIA report requires to be submitted to SPCB, Himachal Pradesh to conduct the public hearing. The final report of EIA shall be submitted along with a Feasibility/Detailed Project Report to the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of the Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF& CC), New Delhi to get the environmental clearance.

1.3.2 Water and Water Pollution

The use of water resources and also the discharge of polluted water are primarily regulated by the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 amended in 1988. The Water Cess Act, 1977 amended in 1992 and 2003, including Rules 1978 and 1991 provides for levy and collection of Cess on water consumed with a view to generate resources for prevention and control of water pollution. The Act assigns functions and powers to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and SPCBs for prevention and control of water pollution.

The Environment (Protection) Act 1986 amended in 1991 and Rules also lays down specific standards for quality of water effluents to be discharged into different type of water bodies (sewers, surface water bodies like lakes, rivers, marine discharge etc). Additionally, the water supplied to users for drinking shall also conform to the National Drinking Water Standard, IS-10500-2012. Annexure 1.2 summarizes the general standards for discharge of effluent in Inland Surface Water Bodies. To ascertain and categorize the existing water quality, the results of the analysis of water quality need to be compared with the water quality standards given in Annexure 1.3.

Off late, with rapid depletion of groundwater resources in several areas of the country, efforts have been initiated to regulate the use of groundwater resources. The focus of such acts and rules is to provide the mechanisms that would lead to replenishment of groundwater reserves through techniques like rain water harvesting. The Central Ground Water Board, the statutory authority set up by the Central government has also restricted the drilling of tube wells and bore wells in certain water scarce areas in the country.

1.3.3 Air Quality

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and amended in 1987 including Rules 1982 and 1983 was enacted to prevent, control and reduce air pollution. According to Section 21 of the Act, no person shall establish or operate any activity, which can cause air pollution without obtaining Consent to Establish (CTE) as per the Air Act. The Act also lays down national ambient air quality standards for pollutants like PM10, PM2.5,Sulphur dioxide, Oxides of Nitrogen, Carbon monoxide, Lead, Ozone, Ammonia, Benzene and Benzopyrene with the intent of managing air quality for different categories of areas (residential, industrial and sensitive). Ambient Air Quality Standards have been notified by the CPCB vide Gazette Notification dated 16th November 2009, refer Annexure 1.4.

1.3.4 Noise Quality

With the objective of regulating ambient noise level in the environment, the Central Government has notified the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 amended in 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2013 under the EPA. The noise standards for different category of



areas are based on the weighted equivalent noise level (Leq). The EPR also lays down equipment noise standards for DG sets, Air conditioners and Construction Equipment, which would be in use for the project. Ambient Noise level standards have been notified by the MoEF&CC vide Gazette Notification dated 4 February, 2000. It is based on the A weighted equivalent noise level (Leq). These are presented in Annexure 1.5.

1.3.5 Solid Waste Management

Project construction and operation generates solid waste at site. The DRL would be responsible for collection and handling of solid waste as per the provisions of the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016. Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016require facilities to classify wastes into categories, manage them as per the prescribed guidelines and obtain prior authorization from the SPCB for handling, treatment, storage and disposal of Hazardous Wastes. Construction and demolition wastes will be handled for disposal as per Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016.

1.4 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF& CC) is the nodal agency in the administrative structure of the Central Government for planning, promotions, co-ordination and overseeing the implementation of India s environmental and forestry policies and programs. The major responsibilities of (MoEF& CC) include:

• Environmental resource conservation and protection, including environmental impact assessment of developmental projects;

• Co-ordination with the other ministries and agencies, voluntary organizations and professional bodies on environmental action plans;

• Promotion of research and development, manpower planning and training and creation of environmental awareness;

• Liaison and co-ordination with international agencies involved in environmental matters.

Developmental project proponents are also required to submit Environmental Impact Statements/Assessments to establish that adequate measures are planned for pollution control and environmental protection, and that effluent discharged into the environment will not exceed permissible levels. The project developer appraises these statements/ assessments to EAC for approval of the project from the environmental angles.

1.4.1 Central and State Pollution Control Boards

The Central Pollution Control Board is responsible for pollution control throughout the country. In addition to the control of air, noise and water pollution, they are also responsible for to ensure effective control on disposal of hazardous wastes and storage and handling of hazardous chemicals and substances. With the enactment of air and water pollution laws, States have set-up their own Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) to monitor industrial emissions and effluents and to approve the operation of new industries after careful scrutiny. The functions of the SPCBs include:

The planning of comprehensive state programs for the prevention and control of air and water pollution and to ensure the implementation thereof;Inspection of pollution control equipment/ plants for monitoring of their efficiency

The SPCB in consultation with the Central Pollution Control Board may establish norms for air quality, gaseous emission and noise etc.



1.5 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

The Environmental Impact Assessment study is carried out following the sequence of steps for EIA study. The basic concept is to ascertain the existing baseline conditions and assess the impacts as a result of construction and operation of the project. The changes likely to occur in different components of the environment viz. physical, biological/ecological, environmental and socio-economic etc. have been studied, analyzed and quantified, wherever possible. The identification of parameters for data generation and impact assessment are important. The accurate analysis of assessment depends upon the reliable data generated/available on environmental attributes. RITES has documented the baseline data for various parameters of physical (physiographic and soils), ecological (forestry and wildlife), and ambient environment (air, water, noise, and solid waste). The impacts are assessed for various phases of project cycle namely:

• Impacts due to project location,• Impacts due to project construction, and• Impacts due to project operation.

The impacts are categorized as negative, positive or no impacts. The cost of management and monitoring programs are estimated on the basis of mitigation measures suggested for negative impacts and environmental monitoring programme during project construction and operation. The approach and methodology adopted for the study is presented in Figure1.1.

To prepare this report, literature review, consultation with various departments, ground truth and sampling missions are undertaken and laboratory analysis were carried out. The standard methodology for the data collection, impact assessment and formulation of management plans is adopted. The approved Terms of Reference are kept in mind during the study. The consultant collected and compiled the environmental baseline data for environmental attributes from primary and secondary sources. The primary sources include site visits, visual inspection, field studies, monitoring and analysis. The secondary sources include the books, reports, maps and documents from various government and non-government organizations where applicable, more detailed information on methods used is included in the concerned paragraph in the main body of the report.

1.5.1 Data Collection

The existing land-use pattern of the area has been identified mainly as settlements, roads and water body etc. The Soil parameters are studied from the field surveys and secondary data. Water Resources in the project area are considered in terms of precipitation, quantity and quality of water. Air and Noise quality is an important consideration during construction and operation phases. Ambient air quality and noise levels are monitored around project area to develop present baseline levels. Terrestrial Ecology is studied documenting the vegetation types through the visual inspection, past research and field investigations.

1.5.2 Environmental Impact Assessment

The objective of the study is to assess the impacts as a result of construction and operation of the proposed ropeway project. The changes likely to occur in different components of the environment are studied and analyzed. The core area of study is 10 km from project site. Based on project particulars and the existing environmental conditions, potential impacts are identified that are expected to be occurring as a result of the proposed project and wherever possible, these impacts are quantified. Both positive and negative impacts are evaluated to have an idea about resultant impacts. These impacts are assessed for various phases of project cycle namely, location, construction and operation.



FIGURE 1.1METHODOLOGY FOR THE EIA STUDY

Environmental

� Air � Water � Noise� Soil � Solid waste

Physical

� Topography � Land use

pattern� Drainage/

hydrology

Socio-

� Social Status� Infrastructur

e facilities

Compile Environmental Baseline Data

Screening of Environmental Impacts

Analysis of Environmental Baseline Data

Potential Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

Environmental Monitoring Programs, Conclusion and Recommendations

Preparation of Environmental Management Plan

Viab

ility

of

No impact

Field Studies

Ecological Environment

� Flora � Fauna� Tree /

Forest

Archeological

� Archeological

� Historical� Heritage

Desk Research, Acts, Legislation, Review of Previous Report, Reconnaissance, Discussion and Presentation

Scoping / Identification of Parameters

Field visit



The standard methodology is adopted for impact prediction and assessment. Prediction is essentially a process to forecast the future environmental conditions in the project area that might be expected to occur. The predictions of impacts are made through mathematical modeling, overlays/ super imposition of activity, or comparison of impacts observed. The environmental impacts of the project include changes in land use, soil erosion, water quality, air quality and noise levels etc. The impact on soils due to disposal of waste water and erosion during storms are predicted. The impact on water quality in the ground water is evaluated with the help of water quality analysis.

1.5.3 Environmental Management Plan

The management plans are essential to ensure that stress/ loads on the systems are within carrying capacity. The management plan aims at maintaining the environmental quality of project area at-least in pre-project stage. Environmental management strategy/plans are developed to mitigate the adverse impacts. Efforts are made to enhance the quality of environmental attributes.

1.5.4 Environmental Monitoring

It is necessary to monitor environmental attributes during various phases of project cycles. Monitoring would indicate any environmental problem, which come up due to ongoing activities. This will facilitate to assess the effectiveness of management / mitigation measures. The consultant has also designed a post project environmental monitoring program for implementation. The cost estimates for environmental monitoring and management have been included in the project estimates.

1.6 FORMAT OF THE EIA REPORT

Chapter 1 provides a general introduction along with the objectives and Terms of Reference and an outline on the approach and methodology adopted for the EIA study. The legal/ policy frameworks along with environmental standards are also summarized in this chapter. In Chapter-2, a concise documentation is given on the proposed project activities and facilities including site selection, project features and cost estimates. Analysis of various alternatives for proposed ropeway has been discussed in Chapter-3. Chapter-4summarizes environmental baseline data on physical and ecological parameters as collected prior to the commencement of the project. Chapter-5 highlights anticipated potential positive and adverse environmental impacts with mitigation measures of the project. Environmental Management Plan has been outlined in Chapter-6. Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan have been summarizes in Chapter 7 and Chapter 8 respectively.Environmental monitoring programme and cost are elucidated in Chapter-9. Minutes ofPublic Hearing held has been summarizes in Chapter 10. Summary and Conclusion of the EIA study conducted has been presented in Chapter 11. Disclosure of consultant engaged is given in Chapter 12.

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Project Description Page 2.1

CHAPTER 2PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 PROJECT LOCATION

The proposed project site is located at the Dharamshala in Kangra District of Himachal Pradesh. The Project site is well connected by Air, Rail and Road.Airway: Nearest airport is the Gagal (Kangra) Airport (DHA) at Gagal about 13 km away. It handles domestic flights. Taxi service of both AC and non AC cabs are available in addition to the regular Bus Transport services.

Railway: Dharamshala can be approached by from Delhi to Pathankot which is the nearest broad gauge railway station is 85 km away and the toy train station is 17 km at Kangra.

Roadways: Dharamshala is about three hours from Pathankot or you can drive from Delhi (526 km) via Chandigarh, Kiratpur and Una and takes 12 hours. From Delhi and Shimla luxury buses ply to Dharamshala. HPTDC operates a regular Luxury coach from Delhi to Dharamshala.The location of the project area is shown in Figure 2.1 and Figure 2.2. The Latitude and Longitude of the Lower Terminal and Upper Terminal are given in Table 2.1.

TABLE 2.1LOCATION OF ROPEWAY

Terminal Northing Easting LTP 32°13'12.01"N 76 o 19 01.14 E

UTP 32°14'4.21"N 76°19' 27.73"E

The project envisages construction of buildings at two ends namely Lower Terminal Point (LTP) and Upper Terminal Point (UTP) of Ropeway Systems for boarding/de-boarding ofpassengers and other infrastructures i.e. ticket counters, waiting area, toilet facilities, medical emergency room etc. The selection of alignment and facilities for Ropeway systems are described in the subsequent paragraph.

2.2 SELECTION OF ALIGNMENT

The project is identified by Himachal Pradesh Infrastructure Development Board & Department of Tourism & Civil Aviation, Himachal Pradesh, alternative analysis done is given in Chapter 3.

2.3 ROPEWAY SYSTEM

As per RFP document of Himachal Pradesh Infrastructure Development Board & Department of Tourism & Civil Aviation, Himachal Pradesh Monocable detachable Gondola (Cabin) System ropeway transport system has to be installed between Dharamshala and McLeodganj having 1000PPHPer Direction. The salient features of Ropeway system is given in the Table 2.2. The alignment of proposed Ropeway system on Toposheet is given in Figure 2.3 and longitudinal section of the alignment is given in Figure 2.4.. The Contour Plan of Ropeway Alignment is shown at Figure 2.5. The Contour Plan of Lower Terminal and Upper Terminal of Ropeway are shown at Figure 2.6 and Figure 2.7. The Photographs Showing the locations of Lower Terminal Point (LTP) and Upper Terminal Point (UTP) are given at Figure 2.8 and 2.9 respectively. The Layout Plan of Lower terminal and Upper Terminal are shown at Figure 2.10 and 2.11 respectively. The land required for the development of Ropeway System is 2.2438 ha. The purpose wise breakup of the total land required are given in Table 2.3. The land detail is given in Annexure 2.1.The parking area



proposed at lower terminal is 2500 m2 which is sufficient for 80number of cars and 10 number of buses by DRL.

The parking area at upper terminal is about 30m distance from upper terminal 02 number of parking exist with capacity of 150 cars and 20 cars by Municipal Corporation Dharmshala. The photograph is shown in Figure 2.12.

TABLE 2.2SALIENT FEATURES OF ROPEWAY SYSTEM

S.No. ITEM Parameters1 System Mono-cable Detachable Gondola2 Capacity(Designed), PPHPD

(Passengers per hour per direction)Minimum 600 and maximum 1000 @max speed

3 Line speed, m/sec 0 - 64 Horizontal distance between stations, m Approx..1900m5 Vertical rise, m 360m6 Line gauge, m 5,37 Capacity of cabin, persons 6 88 Cabin Spacing, m 288 m9 Total no of cabins (minimum), in no. 18 to 24

10. Travel time one way, min 4 min 58 seconds11 Type of cabin Fully enclosed cabin with ventilation.

Door operation Automatic12 Hauling rope 45mm6x19(s)

1960N/mm2,,13 Main drive motor, KW 343 KW, AC variable speed 0-1500rpm14 Boarding/De-boarding In motion. Speed should not be more

than 0.3 m/sec. Cabin should be guided.15 Handling of cabin in station Cabin conveyor system16 Tensioning system Hydraulic17 Auxiliary drive (diesel engine) KW

emergency, HP25

18 Line speed with emergency engine, m/sec

1.5 (Max)

19 Line Rescue System At least two systems of redundancy

20 D.G. set at Lower station in KVA for drive unit 346 KW and others 100 KW

600

21 Stand by D.G. set at Upper station in KVA forslow drive unit(rescue) 40 KW and others 50 KW

125

22 Ambient temp (+) 24° C max and 0° C min.

23 Relevant standard CEN & IS Code, 24 Location of Tension gears Upper Terminal near HH The Dalia

Lama Temple, nearMC Parking McLeodganj

25 Location of Drive gears Lower Stationnear BusStand Dharamshala

26 Number of towers 1327 Area Requirement Total Area : 22,438 m2

Area for LTP, UTP and Towers : 5718 m2, ROW : 16720 m2,

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TABLE 2.3PURPOSE WISE BREACKUP OF THE TOTAL LAND REQUIRED FOR THE

CONSTRUCTION OF DHARMASHALA ROPEWAYS LIMITED

Sr No Component /Description

Area In Forest Land (In Ha.)

Area In Govt Land(In Ha.)

Area In Private Land (In Ha.)

Total Area (In Ha.)

1. Upper Terminal 0.1950 0.00 0.00 0.19502. 13 Tower

Structures0.0432 0.0036 0.00 0.0468

3. Lower Terminal 0.3300 0.00 0.00 0.3300Sub Total 0.5682 0.0036 0.00 0.5718

4. Right Of Way 1.1276 0.1917 0.3528 1.6720TOTAL AREA (In Ha.) 1.6958 0.1953 0.3528 2.2438

FIGURE 2.3PROPOSED ROPEWAY SYSTEM ON TOPOSHEET

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FIGURE 2.5CONTOUR PLAN OF ROPEWAY ALIGNMENT

FIGURE 2.6CONTOUR PLAN OF LOWER TERMINAL



FIGURE 2.7CONTOUR PLAN OF UPPER TERMINAL

FIGURE 2.8PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING LOCATION OF LTP



FIGURE 2.9PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING LOCATION OF UTP

2.3.1 Construction/Fabrication of Structures (towers),

Trestles tubularsteel, supporting haulagerope on cast or fabricated line sheave with neoprene liner in the line is proposed to be provided. Cathead is provided at the trestle to allow for the lifting of the haul ropes with suitable tackle for removal or rope erection.

2.3.2 Control System

The ropeway shall operate at variable speed by means of AC electrical motor and the chopper control /VVVF drive system. The chopper control /VVVF drive system should be maintained at 0.85 pf at different load condition by providing power factor correction system. The AC motors shall be of continuous rating SPDP construction.

The drive shall have the capacity to handle most unfavorable design load condition including the starting of a fully loaded cabin. The system shall be started at its lowest point of speed range after any type of stop.

Visual display unit (HMI) system indicating the faults and procedure for detection of faults shall be provided. There will be smooth controlled start and stop of the ropeway. Different sensors, safety devices feedback element and annunciation will be provided.

Necessary safety devices and emergency stop push button stations to make the system complete safe. The safety will not be only ensured at Lower stations but will also be ensured at Upper stations and Line. The main drive motors will be tripped automatically and safely in case of any safety fault occurred at Line or at stations.



FIGURE 2.10LAYOUT PLAN FOR LOWER TERMINAL



FIGURE 2.11LAYOUT PLAN FOR UPPER TERMINAL

Control relays and interlocks should be provided for rescue engine, emergency motor and brake operation.

AC drive should be provided with forward reverse operation, speed variation (auto and manual) and inching facilities.

All the stations and line safety devices will also be operative during running the ropeway with diesel engine. Incase of rescue drive by diesel engine, there will be a provision of alarm bell with a battery backup at drive station and will be operative on energization of any safety device of stations / line. Battery backup should also be provided for opening of service and emergency brakes.

Control desk with visual display unit showing the location of faults and procedure for rectification of faults shall be provided.

The main drive motors will be tripped automatically and safely in case of any safety fault occurred at line or at stations. The effect of regeneration should also be taken into account.

There will be necessary safety devices and emergency stop push button stations to make the system complete safe. The safety will be ensured at both stations. The main drive motors will be tripped automatically and safely

a. Incase of any safety fault occurred at Line and stations.b. Incase there is variation of desired speed ratio between motor shaft, drive

sheave or deflection sheaves at station.

HMI should display the following items

� Terminal status� Motor current� Rope speed� Wind speed� Display of all sensors� Tensioning system� Cadencing system



� Parking track� Fault history� Daily operation report

FIGURE 2.12PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING EXISTING PARKING AT UTP



2.3.3 Communication

An efficient communication system is absolutely essential for the success of any disaster management plan. This has to be worked out in consultation with local authorities. More often, the entire communication system gets disrupted when a disaster occurs. The damage areas need to be clearly identified and provided with temporary and full proof communication system.

� Communication system should be available at all the terminal stations and should be interlinked.

� Multi core communication cable is required to be provided between the station� The wireless system will be provided to communicate while maintenance / rescue

operation on line and for other reasons, when communication through telephone system will not be possible.

2.3.4 Power Requirement and Supply

The total power requirement for the motor and lighting load for the ropeway has to assessed.The power supply made available by HPSEB is usually at 415V + 10% with frequency of 50 cycles + 3%. Power line/ substation required for power availability at the ropeway terminals could be laid with from nearby HPSEB substation which is 50 m away from lower terminal.The cost of the installation of the power line/ substation is to borne by the concessionaire. Necessary step down transformer shall be provided to supply LT power for ropeway electrical equipment and lighting.

Normally the ropeway system shall work on power supply arranged by HPSEB, but in case regular power supply fails, the system shall operate on standby Diesel Generator (DG) power supply. The DG set shall be of continuous rating. It shall be capable for full capacity load requirement of the passenger ropeway system and related buildings and shall be suitable to operate on required load. The DG power system shall be noise-free and air pollution free as per code of Practices. The power requirement is given at Table 2.4. A NOC letter from HPSEB is given in Annexure 2.2.

TABLE 2.4POWER REQUIREMENT

Description LTP UTP Total (KW)

Ropeway Drive unit:346 KW Other:100 KW

40 KW50 KW

386 150

Total 446 90 536

Standby Power Supply: It is considered that the ropeway system will be operational for a maximum period. Hence, Standby power supply arrangement using DG set has been proposed so that it can take care of the system in case of power failure. DG sets having capacity of 600 KVA is proposed to be installed at the Drive and 125 KVA at return stations respectively for running the system. DG set shall supply 415 V, 3 phases, 50 cycle electrical supply.

2.3.5 Operation and Maintenance of Ropeway System

Operation & Maintenance of the ropeway system shall be carried out in accordance with the recommendation of manufacturer of the equipment such as Gear Box, Motors, Coupling, Control Panels, Carriage, Hangers, Cabins & Haulage ropes etc. However, ropeway



systems manufacturer / supplier shall provide the manual book for carrying out the Operation & Maintenance.

Operation cycle of the Detachable system is as described in following paragraphs.

� The Lower Terminal Point (LTP) will be located on the Dharamshala and the Upper Terminal Point (UTP) will be located at Mc Ledoganj.

� The ropeway stations i.e. LTP and UTP are connected by an endless haulage rope through Drive/Return sheaves followed by different rocker sheaves placed on trestles. The trestles will be placed at a distance of roughly 100-250 m along the entire ropeway length.

� One Gondola will be fixed to the rope at a predetermined equal spacing along the entire ropeway length.

� The haulage rope along with different gondolas move continuously in clockwise direction in a specified speed.

� On approaching a particular station i.e. either LTP or UTP the gondola with the help of a detachment arrangement got detached from the rope and moves on the station rail in the shape of U rail.

� With the help of a de-acceleration arrangement the gondolas speed getting reduced on the U rail.

� When the speed of the gondolas reduced to standstill, de-boarding and subsequent boarding of passengers takes place.

� Once de-boarding/boarding activity is over, gondola s speed is increased with the help of accelerating arrangement.

� When the gondola s speed becomes equal to that of rope speed, an attachment process starts working which puts the gondolas back into the rope.

This is the way a gondola will travel from LPT to UTP and vice-versa.

2.4 MANPOWER REQUIREMENT

The construction phase of the project is spread over a period of 18 months. During this period various categories of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled manpower would be deployed for the project. About 100 persons would be working on the project during peak construction period. This would create good opportunities of direct employment for the local people.

The manpower requirement would be for the purpose of supervision, basic preventive maintenance and breakdown maintenance, accounting and security work. The post construction phase would also create job opportunities for 60 persons.

In addition, indirect employment opportunities would be created in the support service sector.

2.5 CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT/MACHINERY

The construction materials to be used for construction of Ropeway are Aggregates, Cement, Sand, Reinforcement Steel, Structural Steel, Hauling Rope etc. The quantity and sources of construction material are given below are depicted in Table 2.5 and to implement the construction works equipment and machinery is required during construction which are given in Table 2.6 with tentative specifications required for the study.



TABLE 2.5MAJOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL

Sr. No. Material Quantity Sources Mode of Transportation

1 Structural Steel 100 MT Imported By Sea and Road

2 Reinforcement Steel 300 MT Local Purchase By road

3 Sand 4500 cum Local River By road

4 Aggregates 3500 cum Local Crushers By road

5 Cement 50000 bags Local Purchase By road

6 Hauling Rope 4000 mtrs Imported By Sea and Road

TABLE 2.6CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT AND MACHINERY

Sl No. Equipment/

Machinery

Capacity Noise Level at 1 m(dBA)

Fuel Consump

tion, Litres/ho

ur

Make Mode of operation at

site

1 Mini Concrete mixer

3.5 HP 75 1.0 Safari/Universal

Electricity

2 Portable Concrete Vibrator

1.5 HP 75 0.5 Safari /Allen

Electricity

3 Mobile Mini Crane

2 HP 75 0.65 Safari/

Universal

Electricity

4 Genset(1 Nos)

7.5 KVA 75 1.2 Kirlosker/Sudhir/Mahindra

Diesel

5 Truck, 100KVA/125

HP

75 20 Tata /MAN Diesel

6 Drilling Machine

800 Watt 75 - BOSCH or equivalent

Electricity

Note :1. Electricity at lower terminal and upper terminal is available; hence equipment and machinery will be operated through electricity or DG Set if required.

2.6 SOIL INVESTIGATION

Soil investigation was conducted at for which properties of soil strata are given in Table 2.7.On the basis of soil investigation, the trestles and building are designed. Detailed investigations will be undertaken prior to construction.



TABLE 2.7SOIL INVESTIGATION

Sl No Depth (m) Soil Classification Description1 NSL to 2.5 ML Soil of low plasticity + Bajra2 2.5 to 4.5 SM - SP Compact soil +Bajri/ Gravel

3 4.5 to 6.25 SP Un graded Sand + Bajri/Gravel/Boulder

4 6.25 to 10 Boulders/Gravel strata

2.7 CONSTRUCTION METHOD

Construction of ropeway includes civil, mechanical and electrical works at the location of lower and upper terminals and intermediate tower locations. The right of way for the ropeway corridor is 10 m width. Construction activity involves transport of material and their erectioning and commissioning. The construction activity including of design and detailed investigation is spread over18 months.

Transport: Manuallabour and mechanical system will be used to transport the construction material. The ropeway is accessible at lower, upper and two intermediate points by road. Materials will be transported to these four locations by road. Beyond these four points, materials will be transported by mechanical system called as winch system or by manual labour. The labourwill use the temporary footpath constructed within right of way (ROW) of ropeway. The Trestle/ Towers which have been proposed will be assembled at the work site with the help of the pre-fabricated components which will be small in size and can easily be transported and erected manually.

Storage: Construction material will be stored at lower terminal& upper terminaland will be transported to tower locations as per their requirement. No storage at tower locations are anticipated.

Cutting and Filling: Due to mountainous terrain, cutting and filling activity will occur to level the ground for the construction of terminal stations and towers.

Sanitation Facilities: There is no proposal of labour camps at tower locations, however,mobile toilet or temporary dry pit will be used at the construction site as per the site condition to protect the environment.

Construction Machinery: Portable type concrete mixer and vibrator will be used for small civil construction works of ropeways at tower locations and terminal stations. There are 13towers proposed having reinforced concrete works of about 35-45 cum and erectioning of towers with height varying from 20-45 m in height. Mini concrete mixer and portable concrete vibrator will be used for concreting.

2.8 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE

The time for completion of the project is expected to be 18 months from the date of 'go ahead' signal given to the agency nominated for carrying out this work.

2.9 CONSTRUCTION PERIOD

Estimated completion time of the project has been worked out to 18 months.



FIGURE 2.13PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION BAR CHART

SL NO. IMPORTANT ACTIVITES OF THE

PROJECTMONTH

0-2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

1Alignment Survey & Soil Investigation

2 Detailed Design & Engineering

3 Procurement

4 Construction

Lower Terminal

Construction of Trestle

Upper Terminal

5 Fabrication

6 Erection and Commissioning

7 Testing and Communication

2.10 PROJECT COST

The estimated cost for proposed ropeway project at Dharmshala is about Rs.144.9 Crore. Total Annual O & M cost is about Rs 392.80 lakhs.


Analysis of Alternative Page 3.1

CHAPTER 3ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

3.1 BACKGROUND

Alternate sites are considered to minimize the use of forest land for the construction of Dharamshala-Mcleodganj ropeway project at Dharamshala in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. Methodology to be adopted for selection of most favorable alignment is discussed and following guidelines have been considered:

� Establishment of at least three alignments on the forest land of Dharamshala and Mcleodganj.

� Reconnaissance of each alternative alignment to ascertain actual condition of land and contours.

� Discussion on the proposed alternative alignments with officers of Tourism and otherDepartments to record their views.

� Comparison and evaluation of alternatives in the light of various considered views of the civil authorities, local administration and requirement/utility of proposed ropeway system.

� Freezing of best-suited alignment.� Geo technical investigation of the finally chosen alignment.� Environmental impact analysis of the vicinity due to installation of the Ropeway

system.

The analysis of alternatives has been presented in the following sections.

3.2 SITE ALTERNATIVE

On completion of reconnaissance of alternative routes, three possible alignments have been marked on topographical survey of India maps made available by the Tourism department for the purpose of evaluation by comparison. Following observations are made:

� All the alignments are passing through forest area.� Cutting of tress involved in all the alignments.� Soil/ rocks conditions are identical in nature, for all the alignments.

In order to finalize the Ropeway alignment and terminal area following points have been kept in mind:

� Requirement for conducting regular maintenance and provision for passenger� Evacuation system from line.� Type of system i.e. Mono cable/Bi cable/Pulsated etc. suitable to the land profile.� System suitable to fly over vegetations and other natural barriers in a long span that

minimizes the environmental impact, if any.� Over flying height restriction.� Geographical features of the hill and availability of land.� Available flat land to set up Ropeway stations and other infrastructure required for

passenger handling.

The objective to set up Ropeway systems is to provide the facility of material transport andfor transport of passengers in hilly, mountainous and remote areas. Application of ropeways in transportation is a cost effective, pollution free and environment friendly solution especially for townships located around hilly terrain.



Main advantages of application of ropeways in transportation are:

• Most Energy Efficient• Low Land Requirement• High Credibility• Low Power Requirements• Pollution Free

3.2.1 Alternative - I

The proposed project is situated at Dharamshala near bus stand. The area proposed for diversion is 1-69-58 Hectare of forest land. The proposed project needs 439 number of trees to be cut. Alternative I is shown in Figure 3.1.

Feature considered:

• Alignment of the proposed project is barren land is suitable for the construction of ropeway.

• Forest land involved to the tune of 1-69-48 hectare.• No disturbance to the stable slope & green cover.• Limited number to trees to be cut off.• 439 trees involved for the construction of project.

FIGURE 3.1- ALTERNATIVES- I

Forest Area Involved-1.6958 hectare Felling of Trees-439



3.2.2 Alternative - II

The alternative involves construction of ropeway from Kalapull in Dharamshala of district Kangra. The area proposed for diversion is 01-74-60 hactare of forest land. The proposed alternative involves cutting of 665 number of trees. Alternative II is shown in Figure 3.2.

Feature considered:

• Forest land involved to the tune of 01-74-60 hectare.• The construction of the ropeway in this alignment needs more number of towers and

cutting of slopes and will add to the cost of the project.• A lots of trees i.e. 665 trees to be cut resulting into decreasing forest covers in this

area.

FIGURE 3.2- ALTERNATIVES- II

Forest Area Involved-1.7640 Hectare Felling of Trees-665

3.2.3 Alternative - III

The alternative involves construction of ropeway from bypass road (Dharamshala to, Mcleodganj) located Dharamshala tehsil of Kangra district. The area proposed for diversion is 01-90-70 hectare of forest land. The proposed alternative involves cutting of 598 number of trees. Alternative III is shown in Figure 3.3.



Feature considered:

• Forest land involved to the tune of is 01-90-70 hectare.• The area has loose strata so the construction of workshop in this area which is

vulnerable to landslides.• Total area involved is more which leads to cutting of more trees i.e. 598 trees ,

diversion of more forest land.

FIGURE 3.3- ALTERNATIVES- III

Forest Area Involved-1.9070 Hectare Felling of Trees-598

3.2.4 Selection of best options

Keeping in view all the above three alternative, the alternative-I, which is more suitable and environmental friendly, has been finally adopted.

3.3 TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES

The different types of ropeway system for transportation of passengers are primarily categorized as under:

� Monocable Ropeway Systems� Bicable Ropeway Systems



3.3.1 Monocable Ropeway Systems

A monocable ropeway system comprises basically an endless rope which acts both as the carrying as well as the haulage rope to which a number of carriages are attached at regular intervals. The carriages circulate around the close system by continuous carrying-cum-haulage rope. The monocable ropeway system can be categorized as below:

� Fixed griptype, the carriages are fixed to the haulage/carrying rope and do not disengage during boarding/de-boarding operation.

� Detachable griptype, the carriages are automatically detached from the main haulage/carrying rope and are transported on the rails at the stations for boarding/de-boarding of passengers.

� Jig back type; This system has a single carrying-cum-haulage rope to which one or a group of cabins are attached in either direction on diametrically opposite sides.

� Pulsed type; When a cluster of gondolas are placed together and the system requires an intermediate stoppage a pulsated system is used which follows the same as fixed grip arrangement coupled with characteristics of a Jig Back system. Moreover intermittent stoppage allows having intermediate terminal/s as well more number of traffic can be handled.

3.3.2 Bi-cable Ropeway Systems

This ropeway system basically consists of single/two stationary carrying track ropes and an endless haulage rope. The track ropes are usually terminated at the terminals with one end provided with a tension unit and the other being anchored. In this ropeway, the carriage is moving on the track rope and the haulage rope does the hauling. Therefore track rope acts as a stationery member and the main load being on track rope instead of single rope acted as carrying and hauling like a Mono cable ropeways. Bicable ropeway consists of the following types:

� Detachable system� Jig Back

3.3.3 System Selection

From the analysis of the terrain (ropeway length is 1750 m) and also the system capacities being recommended i.e. 600 Persons per Hour (PPH) per direction, the following considerations have been made:

A. Fixed Grip Gondola system is ruled out because of the following reasons:

a. Boarding/de-boarding needs to be carried out when the system is on. This would lead to serious problem particularly in the case of elderly persons and children

b. Being Fixed Grip system, the ropeway speed will be less. Therefore considering the length of the ropeway and the recommended capacity, a large number of cabins need to be installed.



B. Jig Back system is ruled out because of the following reasons:

a. Capacity is high for such a system considering the length of the ropeway.

C. Fixed Grip Pulsed Gondola system is ruled out because of the following reasons:

a. Pulsed Gondola system would invite multiple intermittent stoppages at line.b. Does not match with capacity requirement

D. Detachable Grip Gondola system is felt in order because of the following reasons:

a. No problem during boarding/de-boarding, because this activities need to be carried out when the system speed comes down to almost nil at the station.

b. Capacity could be met with a reasonable system speed of 5 m/sec.c. Cabin/Gondola capacity of 8 passengers would serve the purpose. d. The system would be flexible. Depending on the requirement, its capacity

could be increased or decreased by either changing the number of cabins or design speed

e. By providing special rescue arrangement, the system can be made monocable. This would lead to a less expensive system.

Based on the above alternative analysis for alignments and technology, it is proposed that Monocable Detachable Gondola system is feasible.

*****

URBAN/ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING EIA Study for Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to McLedoganj of Himachal Pradesh

Environmental Baseline Data Page 4.1

CHAPTER 4ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE DATA

4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING

This chapter deals with the description of existing environmental setting of the project area. The project study area is 10 km radius from centre point of proposed Ropeway. Environmental baseline data include the physical, biological and socio-economic data. The field data collection was carried out in the months of May-2016.A scoping matrix was formulated to identify the attributes likely to be affected due to the development of proposed project. The scoping matrix for the project is presented inTable4.1.Based on environmental scoping matrix and project settings the attributes likely to be affected are identified under baseline data generation. Information presented in this chapter is collected from various primary as well as secondary sources. Land use data is compiled from Geographic Information System (GIS); data on physiography and geology are collected from various reports/publications. RITES has carried out field studies to generate primary data on soil,water, air and noise quality at the project site Regional Meteorological Office, Shimla.Additional data, wherever necessary, is collected from various reports, literatures, books and maps, and through discussions with various stakeholders.

Field study is carried out for generationg the environmental baseline data existing wthin 10 km radius of study area for

• Land Environment (Physiography, Geology, Seismicity and Soils)• Water Environment (Water Resources, Water Use, Water Quality)• Air Environment (Meteorology and Air Quality)• Noise Environment (Noise Levels)• Ecological Environment (Flora and Fauna) and• Socio-Economic Environment (Demography, Socio-Economicsetc)

TABLE 4.1SCOPING MATRIX FOR THE PROJECT

Aspect of Environment Likely Impacts Baseline Data

CollectionA. Land Environment

Construction Phase

Increased soil erosion-Present Landuse-Soil Characteristics-Physiography

Pollution by construction spoils

Solid waste from Labourat construction sites

B. Water Resources & Water Quality

Construction Phase

Water quality impacts due to disposal of wastewater from construction sites.

-Meteorological data-Rainfall-Water Quality

Operation PhaseDisposal of waste waterRun off Drainage problems

C. Air Pollution

Construction Phase

Impacts due to emissions generated by construction machineries -Meteorological data

-Ambient Air Quality at different Locations

Emissions from DG setOperation Fugitive emission due to DG setD. Noise Pollution



Aspect of Environment Likely Impacts Baseline Data

CollectionConstruction Phase Noise due to operation of various equipment

Noise levels at different locations in the areaOperation Phase Noise due to DG Set

E. Terrestrial EcologyConstruction Loss of biomass -Trees in the area

-Type of tree speciesOperation Phase Plantation of treesF. Socio-EconomicsConstruction Phase

Generate employment for unskilled and skilled local people

-Census data-Socio-economic surveyOperation Phase

Fast and easy communication to the people and goodsIncrease in numbers of pilgrimsIncrease revenue from business Increase overall growth of the region

The methodology adopted for data collection is highlighted wherever necessary and the frequency adopted for data collection for environmental attributes is summarized in Table 4.2.

TABLE 4.2ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES AND FREQUENCY OF MONITORING

S Attribute Parameter Frequency SourceLand Environment1 Land Use Land use pattern --- GIS studies & field

observations2 Geology Geological history --- Geological Survey of India,

Literature3 Soil Soil Types One season

analysisField studies & secondary sources

4 Seismology Seismic Hazard --- Seismic zoning map of India

Water Environment

5 Water Quality Physical, Chemical and Biological parameters

One season analysis

Field studies and secondary sources.

Air Environment

6 Ambient Air Quality

PM 2.5,PM10, SO2 , NOX, &CO

One season analysis Field Studies

7 MeteorologyTemperature, Humidity, Rainfall, Wind Speed &Direction

Data collection

Indian Meteorological Department and Field Study

Noise Environment

8 Noise Noise levels in dB (A) One season monitoring Field studies

Ecology Environment9 Ecology Flora & Fauna Data

collectionField observations and secondary sources

Socio-Economic



S Attribute Parameter Frequency Source

10Socio-economic aspects

Socio-economic characteristic of the affected area

Data Collection

Field studies, review of available Literature

4.2 LAND ENVIRONMENT

Parameters involved in land environment are physiography, geology and soils, land use pattern and seismicity. These are discussed in following paragraphs.

4.2.1 Physiography

Himachal Pradesh has been divided into five major physiographic regions namely the Greater Himalayas, the Lesser Himalayas, the Outer Himalayas or Siwaliks, piedmontplains and flood plains. The elevation within the study area varies from 350 m to 4880 m. Landforms of the Himachal Pradesh are shown in Figure 4.1. Kangra district is situated in Western Himalayas between 31°2 to 32°5 N and 75° to 77°45 E. The district has a geographical area of 5,739 km2. which constitutes 10.31 % of geographical area of the State. The district is bounded by Chamba to the north, Lahul and Spiti to the northeast, Kullu to the east, Mandi to the southeast, and Hamirpur and Una to the south. The district shares a border with the states of Punjab on the southwest, and Jammu and Kashmir on the northwest. Due to the hilly terrain, not very much of the land is cultivated. The region is covered with uniform patches of barren land, as well as small forests. There is a reasonably good network of roads across the district.

Kangra district comprises of four distinct regions viz. High hills Wet sub temperate region, Valley region, Chanital region and Shiwalik foot-hill region, based on topography, precipitation, irrigation facilities, soil and temperature etc. Bara Bhangal and ChhotaBhangal area in PirPanjal ranges constitute the wet sub-temperate hilly region which initiates from the inter district boundaries of Kullu, Chamba and Mandi on the northern most end of the district. Valley region of Kangra district comprises of three-valley areas viz. Palam, Kangra and Nurpur. Palam valley includes areas enclosed within the boundary starting from Ghatta-Baijnath-Chobu-Chobin-Agojar-Maniara-Parha-Dheera-Ghanetta-Gujrehar-Darang-Jia-Bandla-Kandwari-Uttrala-Deol and Ghatta. Kangra valley includes area surrounded by Malan-Barsar-Dahd-Yol.Cantt-Khanyara-Ghro-Rehlu-Bhanala-Draman-Dobh-iara-Samirpur-Kangra- Sadarpur-Massal-Malan village boundaries.Nurpur valley located in the southwestern foothills touches Punjab. The area abounds Bodh-Nagawari-Hagwal-Kandrori-Thakurdwara-Ray-Sathana-Jakhara-Jawali-Luv-Jonta-Bodh. Changar region of the district comprises of the areas falling between these valleys extending uptoVyas Basin. KangraShiwalik foothill region includes area of Pragpur block starting from Dhaliara and passing through Sansarpur Terrace-KaswaKotla-Bharwain-Chalali-Pirsaluhi-Chamukha-Kuhna- Sunehet-Dadaseeba-SansarpurTerrace.Pysiographyand Drainage map ofKangraDistrictare shown in Figure 4.2.

4.2.2 Geology and Soil

The rock-facies to be met with in Kangraproper fall into two broad stratigraphical zones, which almost coincide with the orographical zonesof theDhauladhar and the lower hills.

These zones are--

(1) An outer or Sub-Himalayan zone composed of sediments for the most part of Tertiary age, but including also some sub-recent deposit.



(2) A central or Himalayan zone comprising most of the Dhauladhar. This is composed of granite and other crystalline rocks and a group of unfassiliferous sediments of unknown age.

FIGURE 4.1LANDFORMS OF THE PROJECT AREA

FIGURE 4.2PYSIOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE MAP OF KANGRA DISTRICT

Project Location

Project Location



Dharamshala town consists of fine to medium grained dirty gray to maroon compact, jointed, and non-micaceous sandstones which are interbedded with clay bands of crimson red, green, and maroon color. It is generally believed that provenance for the rocks of Shiwalik formation are the metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, and these rocks consist essentially of a thick succession of sandstone, shale,clays, and conglomerates in parts of lower Dharamshala. Dharamkot formation is named after the Dharamkot village and extends from Kareri in the NW to the Khaniyara in the east of Dharamshala. It is believed that these traps were poured out at the time of epiorogenic movements which were of widespread scale and nearly affected the entire belt of Himalayas and have been characterized by the presence of basic volcanic rocks with structure characteristics of lavas and tuffs in Dharamshala traps. The limestone succession of Dharamkot formation and Dharamshala traps is sandwiched between two steeply inclined thrusts. Dharamshala is located very close to the perennial snowline and surrounded by deodar forests and the Dhauladhar range, the mighty snowy mountains of Dharamshala. These mountains rise about 4,000m above the floor of the valley. Dharamshala has an average elevation of 1,457 m (4,780 feet).The geological mapKangraDistrictis shown in Figure 4.3.

FIGURE 4.3GEOLOGICAL MAP OF KANGRA DISTRICT

Four soil samples were collected in order to ascertain the quality and nature of soil within the vicinity of the project site after removing the top soil to the depth of about 30cm to 50cm to obtain soil free from roots, sods and organic matters. The soil samples were collected from location given in Table 4.3. The samples were tested for physical and chemical properties. The results of the soil analysis are presented in Table 4.4.

On analysis the results, it is found that pH and conductivity of the soil is normal.Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is soil is within preferred range and other nutrients i.e. boron, manganese, zinc, iron are in higher side. Heavy metals are within limits except molybdenum

Project Location



and cadmium which is in higher side from the preferred level. Hence, is concluded that soil is fertile in the project area. Sample no. 1 collected near UTP is silty loam and other three samples collected at UTP and LTP shows the soil is sandy loam.

TABLE 4.3SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Sl. No. Sample Location1. S1 UTP Near Hotel Sahil2. S2 UTP Near Bhagsu Temple3. S3 LTP Near Bus Stand4. S4 LTP Near hotel Kashmir house

TABLE 4.4SOIL SAMPLE ANALYSIS

Sl.no Parameters Protocol S1 S2 S3 S4 Unit1. pH(at

25 C)(1:2:5 soil water sus.)

IS:2720(P-26,1987)

7.50 6.96 6.91 7.03 -

2. Conductivity (1:2 soil water sus.)

IS:14767,2000 0.80 0.74 0.53 0.43 mS/cm

3. Calcium manual of soil testing in india(department of Ag.,and corporation ministry of Ag. Govt of I

222.92 161.00 214.67 235.31 ppm

4. Potassium manual of soil testing in india(department of Ag.,and corporation ministry of Ag. Govt of I

86.24 92.65 89.63 96.27 mg/kg

5. Sodium USDA:1954Reaffirmed 2010/

76.85 79.26 71.54 75.33 mg/kg

6. Magnesium manual of soil testing in india(department of Ag.,and corporation ministry of Ag. Govt of I

132.1 100.20 167.83 80.16 ppm

7. Chloride USDA:1954Reaffirmed 2010(Page-133)

657.57 432.59 428.46 257.08 mg/kg

8. Bicarbonates

USDA:1954Reaffirmed 2010/

78.2 80.9 79.0 86.51 mg/kg

9. Sulphates USDA:1954Reaffirmed2010/

23.58 26.77 24.27 27.50 mg/kg



Sl.no Parameters Protocol S1 S2 S3 S4 Unit10. Available

phosphorus manual of soil testing in india(Department of Ag.,and corporation ministry of Ag. Govt of India)2011,4.6.3(13)

13.20 22.1 16.24 18.2 Kg./hec

11. Nitrogen as N

IS:14648,1999 298.6 290.0 287.36 267.43 Kg./hec

12. Total phosphate

manual of soil testing in india(department of Ag.,and corporation ministry of Ag. Govt of I

46.20 63.20 46.21 57.3 Kg./hec

13. Organic carbon

IS:2720(P-22,1972)

0.44 0.31 0.40 0.35 %

14. Organic Matter

IS:2720(P-22,1972)2001

0.76 0.55 0.70 0.61 %

15. Orthophosphate

USDA:1954Reaffirmed 2010/

16.20 18.10 14.36 14.2 mg/kg

16. Carbonates USDA:1954Reaffirmed 2010/

4.80 8.20 6.21 6.2 mg/kg

17. Sulphur USDA:1954Reaffirmed 2010/

15.80 17.40 18.30 22.1 mg/kg

18. Arsenic JMELPL/STOP/02(37)

ND ND ND ND mg/kg

19. Boron USDA:1954Reaffirmed 2010/

9.63 8.63 7.56 6.83 mg/kg

20 Total cadmium as Cd

JMELPL/STOP/02(37)

1.14 1.35 1.29 1.24 mg/kg

21. Total copper as Cu

JMELPL/STOP/02(37)

3.28 3.30 3.44 3.47 mg/kg

22. Iron USDA:1954Reaffirmed 2010/

260.1 240.2 310.0 310.2 mg/kg

23. Total lead as Pb

JMELPL/STOP/02(37)

2.9 2.7 2.9 1.7 mg/kg

24. Manganese as Mn

JMELPL/STOP/02(37)

88.20 73.20 66.2 62.1 mg/kg

25. Mercury USDA:1954Reaffirmed 2010/

ND ND ND ND mg/kg

26. Molybdenu USDA:1954 6.88 7.10 8.35 7.35 mg/kg



Sl.no Parameters Protocol S1 S2 S3 S4 Unitm Reaffirmed

2010/27. Nickel USDA:1954

Reaffirmed 2010/

5.02 5.17 5.04 5.01 mg/kg

28. Total Zinc as Zn

JMELPL/STOP/02(37)

13.20 12.30 13.1 4.13 mg/kg

29. Silty USDA:1954Reaffirmed 2010/

59 26 22 23 %

30. Sand USDA:1954Reaffirmed 2010/

23 54 56 56 %

31. Clay USDA:1954Reaffirmed 2010/

18.0 20 22 21 %

Source: RITES Field Study

4.2.3 Land use pattern

The term Land Use relates to the human activity or economic function associated with a specific piece of land, while the term Land Cover relates to the type of feature present on the surface of the earth (Lillesand and Kiefer, 2000). The knowledge of Land Use - Land Cover is important for many planning and management activities as it is considered an essential element for modeling and understanding the earth system. Land use maps are presently being developed from local, to National and Global Scales for Environmental Impact Studies. The satellite-remote-sensing technology has found its acceptance worldwide for rapid resource assessment and monitoring, particularly in the developing world. All these advancements have widened the applicability of Remotely Sensed data in various areas, like forest cover, vegetation type mapping, and their changes in regional and seasonal scale. If satellite data is judiciously used along with sufficient ground data, it is possible to carry out detailed forest inventories as well as monitoring of land use and vegetation cover at various scales.

Land cover study shall be comprised of built-up land, agricultural land, forest land, waste land, water bodies and other features that can be derived from the latest satellite imagery data of the study area (with a 15 km radius buffer), backed by extensive ground truth and ground check information to enrich the data quality. The scale of the land use maps should be mentioned on the drawings. Land use map classification shall be done as per level-II classification. A drainage map showing the drainage pattern of the study area for 15km radius shall also be developed.

The area of interest which includes the study area along with a 15km radius buffer comprises an area of approximately 753.15 Sq. Km.

Site Coordinates: Lower Terminal Upper Terminal

Longitude 760 19 15.41 E Longitude 760 19 0.72 E Latitude 32013 11.15 N Latitude320 14 0.24 N

The satellite data was obtained from the National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Hyderabad. The satellite image used in the current study includes LISS-III. The satellite image is in the UTM 43N WGS84 co-ordinate projection system.Land use classification for the proposed ropeway alignment as centre is shown in the Table4.5.



Built Up Area: The built up area covers about 9.09% of the total area within a 15km radius of the study area. The surrounding villages around the project site are well developed with proper roads, electricity, and water connectivity.

Agricultural land: Agricultural land contributes to 18.47% of the study area. The most predominant types of crops are maize, wheat and millets.

Forest: Forest land covers about 34.82%. Most of the forest is in the slopes of the Himalayan range. This forest is known as Cedar forest. The forest is a mixture of scrubs and trees. This forest is a dense coniferous forest consisting mainly of stately Deodar cedar trees, pine, oak and rhododendron, along vertiginous cliff tracks, and the occasional lake waterfall and glacier.

Scrub and shrubs: The study area is covered with about 20.33% by scrub and shrubs, mostly small to medium plants.

Hill covered with snow: As it has been stated, the proposed site is located on the edge of the Himalayan range; therefore the northern part of the study area is covered with snow which is about 16.47% of the study area.

Rivers: Rivers in the study area contribute about 0.81% of the area within a 15km radius of the proposed ropeway project. Most of the rivers are mountain fed rivers flowing from the edge of the Himalayan edge.

Water bodies: There are many small to medium water bodies such as lakes and small streams in the study area. These account for about 0.01% of the study area.

The predominant land use of the area is forest.A landuse map is prepared for study area of 15 km radius keeping proposed ropeway alignment as centreand is given in Figure 4.4.

FIGURE 4.4LANDUSE MAP OF PROJECT AREA (15 Km)



TABLE 4.5LAND USE CLASSIFICATION FOR STUDY AREA OF 15 KM RADIUS

Sl. Land use/Land cover category Area (ha) Area (%)1 Built Up Area 6847.43 9.092 Agricultural land 13909.12 18.473 Forest 26228.36 34.824 Scrub and shrubs 15311.11 20.335 Hill Area Covered with Snow 12405.72 16.476 Rivers 608.20 0.817 Water Bodies 5.29 0.01

Total 75315.23 100.00

The settlement map shows the location of built-up area along with the village names and other land marks, such as roads, railway lines, water bodies etc. The following map shows that the area is well developed near the proposed ropeway project and it is well connected with a proper road and rail network.A settelment map is prepared for study area of 15 km radius keeping proposed ropeway alignment as centre and is given in Figure 4.5.

FIGURE 4.5SETTELMENT MAP OF PROJECT AREA (15 Km)

The drainage map of the study area was mapped using the field data and satellite image. The drainage map shows that there are many small streams and water bodies in the 15km radius of the proposed project site. This is due to the slopes of the hilly terrain located in the study area. The drainage map shows that most of the water flow is towards the South-Western direction of the study area. A drainage map is prepared for study area of 15 km radius keeping proposed ropeway alignment as centre and is given in Figure 4.6.



FIGURE 4.6DRAINAGE MAP OF PROJECT AREA

4.2.4 Seismicity

The state of Himachal Pradesh lies in the HimalayanMountains, and is part of the Punjab Himalayas. Due to its location and weathers dozens of mild earthquakes occur every year. Large earthquakes have occurred in all parts of Himachal Pradesh, the biggest being the Kangra Earthquake of 1905. The Himalayan Frontal Thrust, the Main boundary Thrust, the Krol, the Giri, Jutogh and Nahan thrusts lie in this region. Besides that there are scores of smaller faults, like the Kaurik Fault which triggered the 1975 earthquake. However, it must be stated that proximity to faults does not necessarily translate into a higher hazard as compared to areas located further away, as damage from earthquakes depends on numerous factors such as subsurface geology as well as adherence to the building codes. Chamba, Kullu, Kangra, Una, Hamirpur, Mandi, and Bilaspur Districts lie in Zone V. The remaining districts of Lahual and Spiti, Kinnaur, Shimla, Solan and Sirmaur lie in Zone IV.

Available data on seismicity shows that earthquakes of magnitude greater than 5 on the Richter scale occur at frequent intervals. Important seismic events in the region which have taken place in the past 150 years and caused significant damage include the 1905 Kangra earthquakes (magnitude 8+), the 1908 Kullu earthquakes (magnitude 6.0), the 1945 and 1947 Chamba earthquakes (magnitude 6.5 & 6.6), the 1975 Kinnaur earthquakes (magnitude 6.8) and the 1991 Uttarkashi earthquakes (magnitude 6.6). Seismic Zoning Map of India and Seismic Hazard Map of Himachal Pradesh are depicted in Figure 4.7 and Figure 4.8. The project lies in Zone V of seismic zoning map of India.Considering its geographical location and its past seismic history, suitable provision of seismic factor may be made in the design of civil engineering structures to make them earthquake resistant. The structure in the region are designed and will be constructed as per guidelines laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) to minimize the losses due to earthquakes.



FIGURE 4.7SEISMIC ZONING MAP OF INDIA

FIGURE 4.8HAZARD MAP OF PROJECT AREA

4.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT

Water environment consists of water resources and its quality. Its study is important from the point of view to assess the sufficiency of water resources for needs of the project in its various stages and the impact of the project on water environment.

4.3.1 Surface Water

Surface water in the form of streams, rivers and springs is the main source of water in the area. Most of them are perennial in nature being fed by the glaciers. Quality of the surface

Project Location

Project Location



water is generally good, the reasons being that there are no/little source of pollution,cascading effect in the streams/rivers and no scope for stagnation. The Gupta Ganga lies within the project area. Surface water caters to the domestic, irrigation and other needs of the people. The Beas River forms the major drainage system in the district. The river Beas and its tributaries drain almost the entire district, except the north eastern part which is drained by the river Ravi. There are two important lakes in the district, namely Dal Lake and Kareri. The major sources of irrigation are small water channels or the Kuhls in the district and an area of 36,444 hectare is brought under irrigation by various sources like canals, tanks, wells and other sources. A part of the cultivated area of the district is not having any assured irrigation facilities and the agriculturists have to depend on the vagaries of weather.

4.3.2 Ground Water

Most of the water needs in the project area, including drinking, are met from surface water, which has minimized the scope for ground water exploration/development. Development of ground water is limited due to discontinuous aquifers in porous formation. There is perennial source of spring water near to temple at project site which are not getting affected due to the project.

Rainfall is the major source of ground water recharge, apart from the influent seepage from the rivers, irrigated fields and inflow from upland areas, whereas discharge from ground water mainly takes place from wells and tube wells; effluent seepages of ground water in the form of springs and base flow in streams etc. Ground water resources and irrigation potential for Indaura and Nurpur valley in Kangra district, have been computed as per the GEC-97 methodology and the resources for the year 2011, are as follows. Indaura Valley (26,545 ha) Annual Ground Water Availability 10,520.18 Ham Annual Ground Water Draft 5,263.72 Ham Stage of Ground Water Development 50.03 % Nurpur Valley (23,775 ha) Annual Ground Water Availability 7,639.43 Ham Annual Ground Water Draft 3,021.53 Ham Stage of Ground Water Development 39.55 % The stage of ground water development in Indaura and Nurpur valley in Kangra district is 50.03% & 39.55 % respectively, and falls under Safe category.

4.3.3 Water Quality

The term water quality is defined as those physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water by which the user evaluates the acceptability of water . In order to assess the baseline water quality status of the study area, 07 water samples were collected.Water sampling locations is given in the Table 4.6.The samples were analyzed for physical, chemical and biological constituents andthe results of water analysis are compared with IS: 10500-2012 Drinking Water Standards. The results of analysis are presented in Table 4.7. It is found thatturbidity is excedingpermisible limit in sample no. 7. The sample no. 1 is not suitable for drinking purpose because in this sample the COD, BOD and Coliform is present. Other samples are water is although safe for drinking, yet filtration and disinfection is advised prior to use as drinking water.

TABLE 4.6WATER SAMPLING LOCATION

SAMPLE NO

TYPE OF WATER DESCRIPTION OF LOCATION

1 Tap Water UTP Near Hotel Sahil2 Surface Water Bhagsu Water Fall3 Tap Water Near Bhagsu Temple4 Surface Water Dal Lake5 Surface Water ChalanKhad Near STP6 Ground Water LTP-Hand Pump at Kotwali Bazar7 Surface Water Nalla Near LTP

UR

BA

N/E

NVI

RO

NM

ENT

ENG

INEE

RIN

G

E

IA S

tudy

for P

asse

nger

Rop

eway

bet

wee

n Dh

aram

shal

a to

McL

edog

anj o

f Him

acha

l Pra

desh

Envi

ronm

enta

l Bas

elin

e D

ata

Pag

e 4.

14

TAB

LE 4

.7W

ATE

R Q

UA

LITY

AT

PRO

JECT

SIT

ES

no.

para

met

erS1

S2S3

S4S5

S6S7

MD

LR

equi

rem

ent a

s pe

r IS

:105

00-2

012

Acce

ptab

le

limit/

perm

issi

ble

limit

Test

Met

hod

1.P

h Va

lue(

at

25C

7.46

7.93

7.65

7.43

7.58

7.27

7.55

-6.

5-8.

5/ N

o re

laxa

tion

IS:3

025(

P-11

)198

32.

Turb

idity

, NTU

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

5.5

0.7

1.6

10.2

-1.

0/5.

0 m

axIS

:302

5(P-

10)1

984

3.To

tal

Dis

solv

ed

Sol

ids,

mg/

l

116.

098

.047

.014

0.0

172.

048

9.0

202.

0-

500/

2000

max

IS:3

025(

P-16

)198

4

4.A

lum

iniu

m(a

s A

l),m

g/l

0.01

8B

DL

BDL

0.04

0.01

3BD

L0.

060.

010.

03/0

.2 m

axA

PHA

22nd

Edn

.201

2:31

25B

5.Fr

ee a

mm

onia

(a

s N

H3)

,mg/

l<0

.1<0

.1<0

.1<0

.1<0

.1<0

.1<0

.1-

-IS

:302

5(P-

34)1

988

6.B

ariu

m (a

s B

a),m

g/l

0.01

60.

007

BDL

0.01

70.

0195

0.01

70.

011

0.00

20.

7 m

ax/n

o re

laxa

tion

APH

A 22

nd

Edn

.201

2:31

25B

7.B

oron

(as

B),m

g/l

BDL

BD

LBD

LBD

LBD

L0.

025

BD

L0.

020.

5/1.

0 m

axA

PHA

22nd

Edn

.201

2:31

25B

8.C

alci

um(a

s C

a),m

g/l

18.0

20.0

6.0

22.0

12.0

78.2

30.1

-75

/200

max

IS:3

025(

P-40

)199

19.

Chl

orid

e(as

C

l),m

g/l

12.2

9.8

7.3

12.2

14.7

44.0

9.8

-25

0/10

00 m

axIS

:302

5(P-

32)1

988

10.

Cop

per(a

s C

u),m

g/l

BDL

BD

LBD

LBD

LBD

L0.

005

BD

L0.

002

0.05

/1.5

max

APH

A 22

nd

Edn

.201

2:31

25B

11.

Fluo

ride

(as

F),m

g/l

<1.0

<1.0

<1.0

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

-1.

0/1.

5 m

axIS

:302

5(P-

60)2

008

12.

Free

resi

dual

N

.A.

N.A

.N

.AN

.AN

.AN

.AN

.A-

0.2

min

/1.0

max

IS:3

025(

P-

UR

BA

N/E

NVI

RO

NM

ENT

ENG

INEE

RIN

G

E

IA S

tudy

for P

asse

nger

Rop

eway

bet

wee

n Dh

aram

shal

a to

McL

edog

anj o

f Him

acha

l Pra

desh

Envi

ronm

enta

l Bas

elin

e D

ata

Pag

e 4.

15

S no

.pa

ram

eter

S1S2

S3S4

S5S6

S7M

DL

Req

uire

men

t as

per

IS:1

0500

-201

2Ac

cept

able

lim

it/pe

rmis

sibl

e lim

it

Test

Met

hod

chlo

rine,

mg/

l26

)198

613

.Iro

n (a

s Fe

),mg/

l0.

11B

DL

BDL

BDL

BDL

0.29

BD

L0.

10.

3m

ax/n

o re

laxa

tion

APH

A 22

nd

Edn

.201

2:31

25B

14.

Mag

nesi

um(a

s M

g),m

g/l

4.9

3.7

1.2

4.9

2.4

12.2

3.7

-30

/100

max

IS:3

025(

P-46

)199

415

.M

anga

nese

(as

Mn)

,mg/

l0.

004

BD

LBD

L0.

009

BDL

0.01

10.

006

0.00

20.

1/0.

3 m

axA

PHA

22nd

Edn

.201

2:31

25B

16.

Nitr

ate(

as

NO

),mg/

l3.

3B

DL

BDL

BDL

BDL

BDL

BD

L1.

045

max

/ no

rela

xatio

nIS

:302

5(P-

34)1

988

17.

Phe

nolic

co

mpo

und

(as

C6H

5OH

),mg/

l

BDL

BD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LB

DL

0.00

10.

001/

0.00

2 m

axIS

:302

5(P-

43)1

992

18.

Sel

eniu

m (a

s S

e),m

g/l

BDL

BD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LB

DL

0.00

20.

01 m

ax/n

o re

laxa

tion

APH

A 22

nd

Edn

.201

2:31

25B

19.

Silv

er (a

s A

g),m

g/l

BDL

BD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LB

DL

0.00

20.

1 m

ax/n

o re

laxa

tion

APH

A 22

nd

Edn

.201

2:31

25B

20.

Sul

phat

e (a

s S

O),m

g/l

7.0

4.6

BDL

5.1

5.7

18.3

6.4

5.0

200/

400

max

IS:3

025(

P-24

)198

621

.S

ulph

ide

(as

S),m

g/l

BDL

BD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LB

DL

0.05

0.5

max

/no

rela

xatio

nIS

:302

5(P-

29)1

986

22.

Tota

l alk

alin

ity

(as

CaC

O3)

, m

g/l

59.7

54.7

24.9

69.7

84.6

288.

610

4.5

-20

0/60

0 m

axIS

:302

5(P-

23)1

986

23.

Tota

l har

dnes

s ,(a

s C

aCO

3),m

g/l

65.0

65.0

20.0

75.0

40.0

245.

090

.0-

200/

600

max

IS:3

025(

P-21

)200

9

UR

BA

N/E

NVI

RO

NM

ENT

ENG

INEE

RIN

G

E

IA S

tudy

for P

asse

nger

Rop

eway

bet

wee

n Dh

aram

shal

a to

McL

edog

anj o

f Him

acha

l Pra

desh

Envi

ronm

enta

l Bas

elin

e D

ata

Pag

e 4.

16

S no

.pa

ram

eter

S1S2

S3S4

S5S6

S7M

DL

Req

uire

men

t as

per

IS:1

0500

-201

2Ac

cept

able

lim

it/pe

rmis

sibl

e lim

it

Test

Met

hod

24.

Zinc

(as

Zn),m

g/l

0.33

7B

DL

0.06

9BD

LBD

L0.

230.

030.

025.

0/15

.0 m

axA

PHA

22nd

Edn

.201

2:31

25B

25.

Cad

miu

m(a

s C

d),m

g/l

BDL

BD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LB

DL

0.00

20.

003

max

/no

rela

xatio

nA

PHA

22nd

Edn

.201

2:31

25B

26.

Cya

nide

(C

N),m

g/l

BDL

BD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LB

DL

0.02

0.05

max

/no

rela

xatio

nIS

:302

5(P-

27)1

986

27.

Lead

(as

Pb)

,mg/

l0.

0020

4B

DL

BDL

BDL

BDL

BDL

BD

L0.

002

0.01

max

/no

rela

xatio

nA

PHA

22nd

Edn

.201

2:31

25B

28.

Mer

cury

(H

g),m

g/l

BDL

BD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LB

DL

0.00

020.

001

max

/no

rela

xatio

nA

PHA

22nd

Edn

.201

2:31

25B

29.

Nic

kel (

as

Ni),

mg/

lBD

LB

DL

BDL

BDL

BDL

BDL

BD

L0.

002

0.02

max

/no

rela

xatio

nA

PHA

22nd

Edn

.201

2:31

25B

30.

Tota

l ars

enic

(a

s A

s),m

g/l

BDL

0.04

80.

040.

003

0.01

9BD

L0.

019

0.00

20.

01 /0

.05

APH

A 22

nd

Edn

.201

2:31

25B

31.

Tota

l ch

rom

ium

(as

Cr),

mg/

l

BDL

BD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LBD

L0.

0020

10.

002

0.05

max

/no

rela

xatio

nA

PHA

22nd

Edn

.201

2:31

25B

32.

Tota

l su

spen

ded

Sol

ids,

mg/

l

3.0

2.0

4.0

15.0

7.0

9.0

24.0

--

IS:3

025(

P-17

)198

4

33.

Van

adiu

m(a

s V

),mg/

lBD

LB

DL

BDL

BDL

BDL

BDL

BD

L0.

002

-A

PHA

22nd

Edn

.201

2:31

25B

34.

Am

mon

ical

Nitr

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

-0.

5 /n

o re

laxa

tion

IS:3

025(

P-

UR

BA

N/E

NVI

RO

NM

ENT

ENG

INEE

RIN

G

E

IA S

tudy

for P

asse

nger

Rop

eway

bet

wee

n Dh

aram

shal

a to

McL

edog

anj o

f Him

acha

l Pra

desh

Envi

ronm

enta

l Bas

elin

e D

ata

Pag

e 4.

17

S no

.pa

ram

eter

S1S2

S3S4

S5S6

S7M

DL

Req

uire

men

t as

per

IS:1

0500

-201

2Ac

cept

able

lim

it/pe

rmis

sibl

e lim

it

Test

Met

hod

ogen

(as

N)

mg/

l34

)198

8

35.

Tota

l Kje

ldah

l ni

troge

n (a

s N

),mg/

l

4.6

0.11

0.16

0.22

0.11

0.28

0.17

--

IS:3

025(

P-34

)198

8

36.

Chr

omiu

m (a

s he

xava

lent

ch

rom

ium

),mg/

l

BDL

BD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LB

DL

0.1

IS:3

025(

P-52

)200

3

37.

Oil

&G

reas

e,m

g/l

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

<0.1

-IS

:302

5(P-

39)1

991

38.

Dis

solv

ed

Oxy

gen,

mg/

l5.

86.

26.

16.

26.

46.

36.

4-

-IS

:302

5(P-

38)1

989

39.

Che

mic

al

Oxy

gen

Dem

and

,mg/

l

12.0

NIL

NIL

NIL

NIL

NIL

NIL

--

IS:3

025(

P-58

)200

6

40.

Bio

chem

ical

O

xyge

n D

eman

d ,m

g/l

5.0

NIL

NIL

NIL

NIL

NIL

NIL

--

IS:3

025(

P-44

)199

3

41.

Tota

l ph

osph

ate,

m

g/l

1.19

BD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LB

DL

0.1

-IS

:302

5(P-

31)1

988

42.

Dis

solv

e ph

osph

ate

(as

P),m

g/l

1.19

BD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LB

DL

0.1

-IS

:302

5(P-

31)1

988

43.

Sod

ium

(as

Na)

,mg/

l8.

42.

82.

26.

59.

034

.07.

82.

0-

IS:3

025(

P-45

)199

344

.P

otas

sium

(as

k),m

g/l

5.9

BD

LBD

LBD

L2.

6BD

L5.

82.

0-

IS:3

025(

P-45

)199

3

UR

BA

N/E

NVI

RO

NM

ENT

ENG

INEE

RIN

G

E

IA S

tudy

for P

asse

nger

Rop

eway

bet

wee

n Dh

aram

shal

a to

McL

edog

anj o

f Him

acha

l Pra

desh

Envi

ronm

enta

l Bas

elin

e D

ata

Pag

e 4.

18

S no

.pa

ram

eter

S1S2

S3S4

S5S6

S7M

DL

Req

uire

men

t as

per

IS:1

0500

-201

2Ac

cept

able

lim

it/pe

rmis

sibl

e lim

it

Test

Met

hod

45.

Nitr

ate

nitro

gen,

mg/

l0.

75B

DL

BDL

BDL

BDL

BDL

BD

L0.

2-

IS:3

025(

P-34

)198

846

.To

tal n

itrog

en,

mg/

l4.

60.

110.

160.

220.

110.

280.

17-

-IS

:302

5(P-

34)1

1988

47.

Org

anic

ph

osph

ours

,m

g/l

BDL

BD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LBD

LB

DL

0.00

001

-U

SEP

A:8

141

-A

Bact

erio

logi

cal q

ualit

y of

drin

king

wat

er1.

Col

iform

Cou

nt

(M.P

.N)/1

00

ml

3.0

Not

de

tect

ed

Not

de

tect

ed

Not

de

tect

ed

Not

de

tect

ed

Not

de

tect

ed

Not

de

tect

ed

-Sh

all n

ot b

e de

tect

able

in a

ny 1

00

ml o

f sam

ple

IS:1

622-

1981

2.Fa

ecal

co

lifor

m/1

00m

lab

sent

abse

ntab

sent

abse

ntab

sent

abse

ntab

sent

-Sh

all n

ot b

e de

tect

able

in a

ny 1

00

ml o

f sam

ple

IS:1

622-

1981

3.To

tal c

olifo

rm o

r or

gani

sm/1

00 m

l7

abse

ntab

sent

abse

ntab

sent

abse

ntab

sent

-Sh

all n

ot b

e de

tect

able

in a

ny 1

00

ml o

f sam

ple

IS:1

622-

1981

Sou

rce:

RIT

ES F

ield

Stu

dy

URBAN/ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING EIA Study for Development of Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to McLedoganj, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh)


4.4 METEOROLOGY AND AIR ENVIRONMENT

Meteorology is an important parameter in Environmental Impact Assessment. All air pollutants emitted by point and non-point sources are transported, dispersed or concentrated. The dispersion and deposition is dependent on meteorological and topographical conditions of the area. The main parameters of meteorology are: Wind Speed, Wind Direction, Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Rainfall. In order to assess the impact on existing ambient environment due to the project, it is necessary to have baseline status of ambient environmental parameters.The latest meteorological data of 10 years i.e., 2006 to 2015 have been collected from Dharamshalastation, Himachal Pradesh from Regional Meteorological Office. The Monthly Average Maximum and Minimum Temperature, Monthly Average Relative Humidity at 8:30 and 17:30 IST in %,Monthly total Rainfall in mm of Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh are tabulated in Table 4.8, Table 4.9, Table 4.10 , Table 4.11 and Table 4.12 respectively.

TABLE 4.8MONTHLY AVERAGE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (ºC) OF DHARAMSHALA

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015January 16.5 17.0 13.6 17.8 19.5 17.2 13.9 16.8 14.0 14.4February 22.6 16.1 16.2 20.3 18.8 17.4 16.5 17.7 15.9 16.3March 21.6 21.0 25.3 24.5 26.8 24.5 23.8 22.4 19.2 19.9April 27.6 29.3 26.8 27.4 32.3 27.8 27.8 25.0 24.4 25.2May 30.7 29.3 30.2 31.1 34.0 32.9 32.6 31.6 29.2 30.7June 30.0 30.1 27.2 33.5 33.1 29.8 35.0 28.8 32.1 30.2July 26.8 27.3 25.9 28.7 27.4 28.2 30.6 27.6 28.6 28.1August 26.3 26.3 25.3 27.1 25.5 25.8 27.1 26.8 27.4 27.7September 27.0 26.2 26.2 26.5 26.4 26.9 27.8 27.4 26.8 35.9October 24.0 25.9 25.9 26.3 25.8 26.1 26.6 25.7 24.6 25.6November 20.6 21.8 23.2 22.6 24.5 24.2 22.4 21.3 21.5 19.7December 17.5 17.3 21.0 19.6 18.9 20.2 18.7 16.5 16.0 15.2

Source: IMD,Shimla(HP)

TABLE 4.9MONTHLY AVERAGE MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (ºC) OF DHARAMSHALA

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015January 7.0 5.3 6.9 6.1 4.4 2.9 3.2 6.0 5.9 4.2February 11.6 6.5 5.6 6.1 5.3 3.9 4.1 7.2 6.3 6.6March 11.1 9.0 12.6 9.3 11.1 9.6 6.7 11.7 8.5 10.0April 15.7 17.2 14.1 12.6 16.1 12.4 15.6 14.1 11.7 12.6May 19.4 18.0 17.6 16.9 17.8 19.3 20.2 20.0 14.7 17.3June 19.4 20.0 18.1 19.8 17.5 18.3 24.2 21.2 20.1 17.3July 19.8 20.7 18.3 17.3 16.9 18.0 22.2 21.4 19.0 16.2August 19.0 20.8 17.6 17.4 17.4 18.0 20.5 20.6 16.9 15.7September 18.0 18.8 15.0 16.0 16.2 17.1 19.6 19.9 15.8 15.8

October 12.7 15.3 12.6 12.9 17.4 13.8 15.5 18.0 13.4 15.4November 9.7 13.1 9.8 7.6 9.4 11.4 9.8 10.0 9.4 11.6December 6.7 9.8 8.3 5.0 9.4 4.9 7.3 6.8 6.0 6.7




TABLE 4.10MONTHLY AVERAGE RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF DHARAMSHALA STATION AT 0830 IST

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015January 63.0 74.4 75.1 -- 55.1 64.5 70.5 67.2 68.0 75.2February 58.6 79.7 69.0 -- 61.8 69.0 70.3 72.9 72.4 73.3

March 63.0 73.6 53.8 -- 50.0 60.3 57.0 64.7 72.9 68.3April 54.9 57.9 53.8 -- 43.7 58.3 59.0 60.2 65.0 67.9May 64.2 59.6 52.4 -- 46.0 51.4 55.9 60.7 66.0 56.8June 67.7 66.1 64.6 -- 50.1 67.2 48.3 79.2 64.4 60.6July 84.9 81.6 -- -- 68.8 88.0 79.4 88.4 83.3 83.5

August 84.4 82.7 -- -- 81.8 88.1 90.8 90.2 85.9 86.6September 78.6 82.0 -- -- 72.9 83.7 79.7 72.6 76.8 75.5

October 74.0 70.1 -- 57.4 60.5 60.7 59.5 68.7 66.4 65.1November 79.3 67.5 -- 67.9 61.3 53.3 60.9 62.1 64.1 66.3December 77.5 72.5 -- 54.6 61.0 52.5 66.0 67.8 65.8 72.6


TABLE 4.11MONTHLY AVERAGE RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF DHARAMSHALA STATION AT 1730 IST

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015January 68.3 76.2 75.9 -- 51.8 59.9 65.6 56.3 68.8 70.3February 65.9 84.0 72.0 -- 58.6 68.6 63.2 67.6 70.0 70.9

March 65.4 73.0 54.8 -- 47.9 57.3 51.6 59.5 71.1 66.8April 58.9 61.0 54.0 -- 43.4 55.4 53.3 59.0 62.5 63.6May 66.3 60.0 50.7 -- 43.3 49.0 49.2 56.6 61.7 56.3June 69.2 63.2 63.1 -- 47.6 61.8 48.7 71.4 61.7 57.6July 85.8 80.9 -- -- 69.4 81.5 72.8 77.7 79.5 77.8

August 85.5 85.8 -- -- 77.7 87.5 85.1 84.7 80.1 77.1September 81.7 81.9 -- -- 66.1 74.4 55.0 68.7 71.2 65.9

October 77.8 74.0 -- 50.2 56.8 56.1 54.7 65.0 63.5 63.0November 82.0 71.4 -- 61.8 53.9 51.9 55.3 58.8 61.4 62.8December 78.6 72.9 -- 51.9 55.7 49.6 60.5 61.4 63.1 69.2


TABLE 4.12MONTHLY TOTAL RAINFALL IN MM OF DHARAMSHALA STATION

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015January 97.8 0.0 80.6 50.2 32.6 71.4 174.4 72.8 107.8 106.2February 27.8 248.8 91.0 55.0 176.0 132.8 86.0 164.0 152.6 159.2

March 145.6 280.2 3.2 54.8 19.8 59.8 88.8 87.0 149.3 231.9April 33.2 16.4 50.0 98.2 16.0 115.8 99.0 23.6 78.1 81.4May 215.8 120.9 111.4 60.6 69.8 14.2 18.8 61.2 51.2 30.2June 430.0 446.0 901.9 163.2 192.4 384.6 116.4 559.4 142.8 131.0July 925.8 737.8 841.8 603.8 637.2 808.6 1253.2 982.2 826.5 1192.4

August 840.0 749.0 765.0 540.6 1156.2 1536.0 1694.4 1349.2 681.4 994.2September 295.4 341.0 140.2 228.5 560.6 388.4 575.2 306.0 356.2 260.8

October 77.5 0.0 90.7 58.0 63.0 121.6 6.6 150.2 60.8 37.0November 17.8 0.0 0.0 101.6 10.8 0.0 3.6 34.0 1.6 19.4December 75.8 30.6 7.4 2.6 84.4 0.0 63.6 58.0 57.4 59.0




Meteorological data like cloud Cover,Solar radiation,Atmospheric pressure of the project area is collected from Meteorological Office (MC), Shimla given at Table 4.13. The data have been collected from January 2005 to December 2014 and Monthly wind rose diagram based on the 30 years data from year 1971 to 2000. Monthly wind rose diagram of the project area are shown in Figure 4.9. From the wind rose diagram, the prevailing wind direction is from South (S).

TABLE 4.13AVERAGE CLOUD COVER, SOLAR RADIATION, ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

S. No Year

Avg. Cloud Cover in

Octos

Avg. Solar

Radiation in Hrs

Avg. Atmospheric Pressure in hPa

0830 1730 0830 17301. 2005 3 4 NA 798.7 796.82. 2006 3 4 NA 797.7 796.73. 2007 3 4 NA 798.2 796.84. 2008 3 4 NA 795.2 798.75. 2009 3 3 NA 797.3 796.66. 2010 3 4 NA 795.8 814.17. 2011 3 4 NA 799.1 798.38. 2012 3 4 3.7 843.9 843.99. 2013 3 4 4.0 844.3 843.510. 2014 2 4 4 .2 844.8 844.1Source: IMD,Shimla(HP)

FIGURE 4.9MONTHLY WINDROSE DIAGRAMS OFSHIMLA



4.4.1 Air Quality

The prime objective of baseline air quality survey is to assess the air quality of the area; it would also be useful in assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality.Theambient air quality within the project study area of 10 km radius forms the baseline information.

The atmospheric concentrations of air pollutants are monitored at 5 locations as shown in Figure 4.10 for parameters PM 2.5,PM10, SO2, NOX& CO under ambient air quality monitoring (AAQM). The monitoring is carried out for one season from 13th-16th May 2016. The monitoring frequency for parameters has been kept twice a week 24 hourly. The description of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring stations are given in the Table 4.14. The results obtained are reported in Table 4.15. The results obtained are analysed and compared with ambient air quality standards of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). When air quality is compared to the prescribed standards,it is observed that all parameters are within the standards.

FIGURE 4.10LOCATION OF AIR AND NOISE SAMPLES

TABLE 4.14DESCRIPTION OF AMBIENT AIR and NOISE QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS

STATION NAMELOCATION AERIAL

DISTANCE (M) DIRECTIONLATITUDE LONGITUDE

Dhauladhar Hotel, near Mandir Area, LTP

32° 13' .94"N 76° 19' 5.46"E 132 East

Potala Road, Village-Jogibara

32° 13' 50.24"N 76° 19' 37.04"E 370 East

Forbysganj, Near Electrical Office,Upper Terminal

32° 14' 20.27"N 76° 18' 46.24"E 1230 North-West

Gamru Village 32° 13' 29.75"N 76° 19' 48.22"E 935 East

Kanyara Village 32° 12' 56.45"N 76° 21' 44.84"E 4146 East



TABLE 4.15AIR QUALITY IN AND AROUND PROJECT SITE

Station Name Date

Parameters

Part

icul

ate

Mat

ter (

PM10

)

Part

icul

ate

Mat

ter

(PM

2.5)

Sulp

hur D

ioxi

de(a

s SO

2)

Oxi

des

of

Nitr

ogen

(as

NO

2)

Car

bon

Mon

oxid

e (C

O)

Unit : μg/m3 mg/m3

Dhauladhar Hotel Near Mandir Area

12.05.2016to

13.05.201673 45 5.8 12 0.72

15.05.2016to

16.05.201670 42 6.2 15 0.68

Potala road vill-Jogibara

12.05.2016to

13.05.201671 41 5.6 14 0.72

15.05.2016to

16.05.201676 44 6.0 11 0.75

Forbysganjnear electricity office

12.05.2016to

13.05.201687 52 7.0 16 0.83

15.05.2016to

16.05.201682 47 6.6 14 0.81

Gamru Village

12.05.2016to

13.05.201664 37 ND(4.0) 10 0.56

15.05.2016-to

16.05.2016-69 40 ND(4.0) 9.5 0.59

Khanyara Village

12.05.2016to

13.05.201663 39 ND(4.0) 11 0.55

15.05.2016to

16.05.201667 42 ND(4.0) 10 0.57


4.4.2 Critically polluted area

The proposed ropeway site is not coming under critically polluted areas identified by Central Pollution Control Board.

4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The impact of noise can lead to effects such as noise induced hearing loss and annoyance depending upon the loudness of noise level. The assessment of impacts of noise sources on surrounding depends on;



� Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in nature). � Time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in residential

areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance.� Location of noise source, with respect to noise sensitive land use, which determines the

loudness and period of exposure.

Noise level survey is conducted at the project area with an objective to establish the baseline noise levels and assess the impacts of the noise expected due to the proposed development. Noise level survey is conducted at 5 locations. The description of noise sampling locations are same as air sampling locations and given in Table 4.14. Noise levels are recorded on hourly equivalent noise level fortwice a week 24 hourly in order to have an assessment of the Day and Night time noise levels. At all the location ambient noise level is within prescribed limit given by Central Pollution Control Board.The noise levels so obtained are summarized in Table 4.16.

TABLE 4.16NOISE LEVELS OF THE PROJECT SITE

STATION NAME Date L10 L50 L90 Lmax Lmin Lday Lnight Ldn

Dhauladhar Hotel Near Mandir Area

12.05.2016to

13.05.201642.5 59.3 52.6 61.1 41.3 61.0 39.0 59.8

15.05.2016to

16.05.201641.7 57.8 50.6 59.5 39.5 59.1 40.1 57.9

Potala road vill-Jogibara

12.05.2016to

13.05.201640.6 54.4 50.2 58.9 39.7 55.9 39.9 54.8

15.05.2016to

16.05.201641.5 5.6 54.2 59.2 40.4 56.3 39.4 55.1

Forbysganjj near electricity office

12.05.2016to

13.05.201643.4 58.2 54.9 60.4 40.5 60.4 40.0 59.2

15.05.2016to

16.05.201640.7 56.4 53.6 60.1 38.5 59.2 39.3 58.0

Gamru Village

12.05.2016to

13.05.201637.0 47.9 48.8 52.3 35.8 50.2 38.1 49.0

15.05.2016to

16.05.201637.8 48.4 45.3 51.9 36.7 49.3 37.7 48.2

Khanyara Village

12.05.2016to

13.05.201637.4 48.1 49.7 51.9 36.8 50.6 38.3 49.4

15.05.2016to

16.05.201636.6 46.9 45.9 51.2 35.4 48.3 37.3 47.2


The major source of noise pollution during construction phase will be construction machineries, while DG sets will create noise during power failure. The noise generated during the construction phase is temporary in nature and precautionary measures are taken



in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). However, during operation of Ropeway, the only concern is the emission from DG set during power failure.

4.6 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

An ecological study of the ecosystem is essential to understand the impact due to project development activities on the existing flora and fauna of the area. The present study was undertaken to predict changes as a result of project activities and to suggest measures for maintaining the conditions. This section describes the ecology of the area based on information compiled from various sources of secondary information i.e. district forest office, census hand book, gazetteer and visual inspection during the field visits.

The ecological survey has been done to establish the baseline ecological conditions of thebuffer zone (area within 10 km radius of the project site), to assess the potential ecologicalimpacts of the proposed project on ecology, to develop adequate and feasible mitigationmeasures (via inputs to project design and layout, working practices, or compensate whereappropriate) to keep ecological impacts within acceptable limits, and to prepare comprehensivemanagement plan. This section of report renders ecological baseline of the area.

4.6.1 Natural Vegetation

Himachal Pradesh has a diversified and rich flora due to climatic and altitudinal zonation. The tree line is reached at about 3950 m beyond which is the Himalayan meadow. The snow line is reached at about 4600m. On the basis of composition, the forests can be broadly classified into (a) Coniferous forests, viz. chir, deodar, kail spruce, silver fir and chilgoza pine; (b) Broad-leaved forests, viz. sal, ban, mohru, oak, kharsa, walnut, bird cherry, poplar, aldar, sembal, tun and shisham. The distribution of different species follows a fairly regular altitudinal stratification except where the micro-climatic changes due to the aspect and exposure and local changes in rock and soils bring vegetation inversion i.e. the vegetation which otherwise occur at higher altitudes are found projected in the lower zone and vice-versa. Generally the sequence of important timber species growing in the region is sal, chir, deodar, kail, spruce and silver fir. The forests of the region can be classified broadly into nine forest types as described and depicted in Figure 4.11.The type of forest found in the study area is sub tropical alpine forest or wet temperate forest.

(i) Dry alpine forests: They are found mainly in Lahaul, Kinnaur and Pangi. They are very open xerophytics. Main species are juniper, artemesia, lonicera and cotoneaster. Extensive alpine pastures are the characteristics features of this forest type.

(ii) Moist alpine scrub forests: They mostly occur above the limit of tree growth and consist of evergreen scrub growth forming dense cover in between. Main species are Salix, Lonicera and Viburnum. Herbaceous flora is fairly rich and medicinal herbs such as aconite, dhoop and karru are found in these areas.

(iii) Sub-alpine forests: These occur above the altitude of 3500m and below the moist alpine scrub zone. The main species are Kharsu and Betulautilis. Blue pine occurs in Kinnaur, Pangi and Lahaul divisions between 2,800 to 3,800 m and these are generally well stocked. Between 2,500-4,000 m occur the Himalayan temperate parklands, which are characterized by grasslands having scattered mishappen and often-moribund trees of Kharru, oak, mapple etc. They are used as grazing grounds by the migratory herds of sheep and goats.

(iv) Himalayan moist temperate and mixed forests: These forests occupy a large area between 1500-3500 m and occur mainly in areas of Chaupal, Shimla, Kotgarh, Kinnaur, Suket, Nachan, Kulu, Seraj, Chamba and Churah divisions. The mixed coniferous forests include pure silver fir, silver fir-spruce and spruce-deodar formations. These



occur above deodar and kail zones between 2000-3500m, extensively in Chaupal, Pabar valley, Shimla, Kotgarh, Seraj, Chamba and Churrah divisions. The moist temperate deciduous occur between 2000-3000 m in moist depressions often along the Nallahs. Horse chestnut, bird cherry, walnut, maple and poplar are main species. The upper oak-silver-fir forests occur between 3000-3500 m and Alder extends upto 2250m. Kail producing valuable timber occurs between 1500-2500m mainly in Chaupal, Pabar, Shimla, Kotgarh, Suket, Nachan, Mandi, Seraj, Kullu, Chamba and Kinnaur divisions. Chilgoza pine forests comprise open forest mixed with deodar. Dry deodar forests occur in Kinnaur and Pangi divisions.

(v) Wet temperate forests: These forests are mainly confined to wet slopes of Dalhausie, Dharamshala, Kangra and Palampur areas and include many temperate species.

(vi) Sub-tropical pine forests: In this category of forests, Chil-pine is the main species which occurs between 1000 to 2200m.

(vii) Sub-tropical broad-leaved hill forests: These forests stretch east to west from Mandi along the Beas (below 1200m). These forests have been greatly damaged by grazing and lopping and reduced to scrubs at places.

(viii) Northern tropical dry deciduous forests: These forests occurs upto 1250 m in the lower hills extending in the interior valleys along the rivers. Sal is the main species found in Nahan and Bharwain range of Una division.

(ix) Tropical thorn forests: These occupy a small area of Nalagarh tehsil in Solan districtand Pachhadtehsil in Sirmourdistrict.

FIGURE 4.11FOREST TYPES IN PROJECT AREA



4.6.2. Habitat Assessment

Assessments that determine the suitability of ecosystem as habitat for a species are termed as habitat assessment. Habitat assessment provides border contexts for estimation of resources lost (flora and fauna) and also provides a means for resource management to incorporate alteration effect into their management models. Within a defined geographical area, an ecosystem health is often assessed by determining plant and animal habitat conditions. Habitat analysis defines the set of physical and biological locations and the environmental factors required by the animal or plant population to survive and reproduce. Habitat means the place where an organism dwells.

The information on a habitat provides baseline for proposed project site because the project activities might lead to loss of the ecological resources, if existing. The information will further enable to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the mitigation options that are being proposed by environmentalist and conservationist to incorporate conservation concerns in mitigating the impacts of developmental project.

Flora : Most commonly found floral species found in the study area are Chil (Pinusroxbergii) , Ohi ,Khirak (Celtisaustralis) ,Tut (Morusnigra) ,Pajja (PrunusCerasoides) , jamun (Terminaliacatapa) , Baan (Cuercusleucotrichophora, Cuercusincana) ,khadam(Neolamarkiacadamba) ,kainth (Pyruspashia) ,kambal(Abromaaugusta) ,popular(Populus alba) ,Alen ,Deodar (Cedrusdeodara),Burans (Rhododendron arboretum) ,willow (Salix alba) etc.

Field study report: -

The proposed project site is predominantly occupied by forest. The forest found in the proposed ropeway site consists of RF (Reserve forest), UPF (Undemarcated Protected forest) and DC land. The DC land belongs to district collectorate of Kangra district. A variety of flora are found in the study area. The predominant plant species observed in the proposed site are Chid (Pinusroxbergii) and Baan (Cuercusleucotrichophora, Cuercusincana). RFO, Dharmashala was carried tree enumeration for proposed ropeway project. The list of common trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers procured from Dharmashala forest division is given in Annexure 4.1. The predominant flora of the study area consists of Ban, Chid, Deodar, Poplar, Khidak and red Burans. Man animal conflicts were observed by some locals and forest official of the concerned range in 2007-2008.

4.6.3 Fauna

Dharamshala is used to be a home of wildlife. However, the advancing civilization, liberal grant of firearms and shooting licenses and fast development of means of communication led to the virtual disappearance of the precious animals and birds. To save the wild life from extinction the government has now imposed a ban on the shooting of the animals and birds and has also developed sanctuaries for progeny and breeding of the species. The following animals and birds are found in the project area as described in Table 4.17.

RITES survey team discussed with the forest guard and local forest officials of Dharmashala range, to understand the wildlife and fauna of the study area. Pair of stray Red jungle fowl is observed by RITES team near proposed upper terminal which is schedule I species.monkeys and bats are also observed at proposed project site .whereas red jungle fowl ,leopard ,Himalayan black bear ,monkey ,lungor ,pheasant like Kalij ,Red jungle fawl and bats are found within 10 km of the study area.The list of avifauna is given in Annexure 4.2.RITES team found that Red jungle fawl, Pea-fowl, Koklas Pheasant and Kalij Pheasant are



vulnerable faunal species within the project area when compared with the Annexure 4.2.However these have not been noticed at project site during survey.

TABLE 4.17LIST OF FAUNA

Sr. No. SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME LOCAL NAME

SCHEDULE OF WPA-1972

Mammals 1. Mcacamullata Monkey Monkey II2. Presbytis entellus Common Langur Bander II3. *Pantherapardus Tendua Guldar I4. *Ursusthibetanus Himalayan black

bearBhaloo I

Birds1. Pavo-cristatus Pea-fowl Mor I / III2. Pucrasismacroplopha Koklas Pheasant Phash I / III3. Lophursleucomelana Kalij Pheasant Kalesa I / III4. Gallus gallus Red jungle fawl Jangalimurga II

Source: RITES Field Study,* NO habitat of Guldar&Bhaloo in core zone of the study area, but some stray animals are repoted by elderly residents.

General Abstract of Enumeration list of Green Standing Trees in Dharamshala Forest Range for The work of Dharamshala Ropeway Lower Terminal Point, (LTP) Towers Location & Upper Terminal Point (UTP) and ROW Proposed to Felling is given in Annexure-4.3I.

Enumeration list of Green Standing Trees in Dharamshala Forest Range for The work of Dharamshala Ropeway Lower Terminal Point, (LTP) Towers Location & Upper Terminal Point (UTP) and ROW Proposed to Felling is given in Annexure-4.3II.

General Abstract of Enumeration list of Green Standing Trees in Dharamshala Forest Range for The work of Dharamshala Ropeway Lower Terminal Point, (LTP) Towers Location & Upper Terminal Point (UTP) and ROW Proposed Not to Felling is given in Annexure-4.3III.

Enumeration list of Green Standing Trees in Dharamshala Forest Range for The work of Dharamshala Ropeway Lower Terminal Point, (LTP) Towers Location & Upper Terminal Point (UTP) and ROW Proposed Not to Felling is given in Annexure-4.3IV.

The Faunal species found in project area are sambhar (Cervis unicolor), Pantherapardus (leopard), Porcupine (Hystrixindica), wild cat (Felis chaos), Monkey (Macacamulata), Langur (Presbytis entellus) etc. Forest patch, way to proposed upper terminal is shown in Figure 4.12. Dahauladhar peaks, kalij& red jungle fowl, Koklas Pheasant, Monkeys are observed inFigure 4.13, Figure 4.14, Figure 4.15, Figure 4.16 and Figure 4.17.



FIGURE 4.12FOREST PATCH, WAY TO PROPOSED UPPER TERMINAL

FIGURE 4.13DHAULADHAR PEAKS, A VIEW FROM PROPOSED UPPER TERMINAL



FIGURE 4.14

KALIJ PHEASANT FOUND IN STUDY AREA

FIGURE 4.15RED JUNGLE FOWL FOUND IN STUDY AREA



FIGURE 4.16KOKLAS PHESANT FOUND IN STUDY AREA

FIGURE 4.17MONKEYS OBSERVED AT DHARMASHALA



4.7 HISTORICAL/ARCHEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS

There is no ancient archeologically important monument in the project site.

4.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Government of Himachal Pradesh has decided to construct a ropeway system of 1750mlength. The system includes two terminal-upper and lower and 13 towers in between of these two terminals. Tower number one to three and five to ten and upper and lower terminals are proposed to be constructed on the forest land and tower number four is proposed to beconstructed on government land. The project is planned to commission on the Built, Operate, Finance and Transfer (BOFT). The Dharamshala Ropeway Limited shall construct and operate for a period of 40 years and then transfer it to the government of Himachal Pradesh.

The proposed project shall involve construction activities for various components of the project like lower and upper terminal, passage to the lower terminal, offices and other utilities at lower and upper terminal and other infrastructure facilities. These activities shall necessitate acquisition/transfer of about 01.69.58 ha land under forest department and the 00.19.53 ha of land under Government of Himachal Pradesh. No private land, house structures or community property resources, religious structures shall be acquired and hence no impact due to the proposed project. No significant impacts are observed due to nodisplacement of family from the proposed corridor of ropeway.

Thus, transfer of lands from forest / government ownership / users may lead to the evacuation, as observed no loss of livelihood and economic base for the project-affected families/people (PAFs / PAPs) under direct and indirect user impacts. Most of the land patches are open, barren or densely vegetated. Only impacted population includes drivers and owners of the taxi, bus and auto running on the road parallel to the proposed ropeways. The project area is in remote part of the state, the impacted population includes all segments of the society such as SC, ST, OBC and General and groups includes people living in the vulnerable category - widows, widowers and women and living under poverty. For successful implementation of the project, it is necessary to cultivate a productive/amicable relationship between the project office and the local people to support the local population to find out alternate mode for help and substituting the present mode of livelihood earnings.

The construction activities shall also mobilize construction agencies together with staffs in the area, which may change present economic activities within the area of impact of the project. The demographic changes during the construction period would stress, temporarily, the local environment and population. Finally, operational staffs shall settle down in the area to operate the project. In brief, the project during construction as well as during operation period may have a lasting impact over the demography and socio-economic structure of the project area. The project is located in the urban setting and have already huge social and economic settings and shall not be impacted significantly by the project activities.It shall bring positive and change quantitatively the habitat after commencing of the project works,but shall raise some stress during construction.

While implementing the project, there is a need to take into account these disturbances and losses due to the project, their impact on socio-economic condition of the PAPs and plan fortheir mitigation measures to minimize any negative impacts. Governed by the consideration, an effort has been made, in this chapter, to understand the socio-economic condition of the project area (Kangra) in general, and that of the project affected people in specific. The opinion of direct and indirect project affected people / public through consultations/ discussions have been collected and the impacts of the project have been analyzed.



The project is not intended to acquire land, so rehabilitation action plan and livelihood restoration plan is not prepared for directly, however indirectly affected people like owners and drivers of taxi, bus and auto may be addressed. In order to place the project-affected people in the right perspective and understand the region better, it is considered appropriate to take up in brief an overview of the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh in which the project site is located. It is also appropriate to consider the broad characteristics of the project installation or induced or affected locations.

4.8.1 KANGRA DISTRICT

Kangra district has a population of 1,507,223 (Census, 2011). The district has a population density of 263 inhabitants per square kilometer. The population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 12.56%. Kangra has a sex ratio of 1013 females for every 1000 males anda literacy rate of 86.49%. The Kangriis considered native population and language / dialect of the region. The majority of the people are Hindu Brahmins, Rajputs, Banias and other SC/OBC. Tibetans and others who follow Buddhism are new settlers in the region.

In this section, administrative structure, location and area, population, agriculture and irrigation and the socio-economic condition of Kangra district have been described in separate sub-sections to evaluate the districts profile. The section has also assessed the potential strength and weaknesses to analyze the same of PAFs in the project area.

4.8.1.1 Administrative Structure

Kangra district derives its name from Kangra town that was known as Nagarkot in ancient times. Kangra was a part of the ancient Trigarta (Jullundur), which comprises of the area lying between the river "Shatadroo" (probably Sutlej) and Ravi. The modern Kangra district was founded on the 1st September, 1972 by the Government of Himachal Pradesh. The land to the east of Sutlej that probably is the area of Sirhind in Punjab also formed a part of Trigrata. Trigrata had two provinces. One in the plains with headquarters at Jullundur and other in the hills with headquarters at Nagarkot (the present Kangra). The administrative set up of Himachal and Kangra has been given at Table4.18.

TABLE 4.18ADMINISTRATIVE SET UP OF HIMACHAL AND KANGRA

S.No. Particulars Kangra Himachal Pradesh

1 No. of Sub-Divisions 8 51

2 No. of Tehsils 17 75

3 No. of Sub -Tehsils 4 34

4 No. of Development Blocks 14 77

The district has been divided into eight sub-divisions. It has 14 tehsils besides 5 sub-tehsils. The district has been divided to 14 development blocks, of which two blocks of Fatehpur and Sulah have been carved out in 2001. There are 760 gram panchayats. The district has nine towns and four municipal committees. The district has 3,868 villages of which 219 are uninhabited. There is one cantonment. Pragpur block had highest number 75 panchayats followed by Kangra (67) and Dehra (64), Panchrukhi had only 37 panchayats, followed by Bhawarna (46) and Sulah (47). Dehra block had highest number of inhabited villages (507), followed by Fatehpur (294) and Kangra (290). Kangra has eight Sub-Divisions, 17 Tehsils,



34 Sub -Tehsils Development Blocks 14. The district has 67 panchayat and 304 villages. Out of the total villages, 290 inhabited and 14 uninhabited.

4.8.1.2 Location and Area

Kangra district is situated on the southern escarpment of the Himalayas. The entire area of the district is traversed by the varying altitude of the Shivaliks, Dhauladhar and the Himalayas from north-west to south-east. It is encapsulated in the north by the districts of Chamba and Lahaul and Spiti, in the south by Hamirpur and Una, in the east by Mandi and in the west by Gurdaspur district of Punjab. The present Kangra district came into existence on the 1st September, 1972 consequent upon the re-organisation of districts by the Government of Himachal Pradesh.It was the largest district of the composite Punjab in terms of area till it was transferred to Himachal Pradesh on the 1st November, 1966 and had six tehsils namely Nurpur, Kangra, Palampur, Dehragopipur, Hamirpur and Una. Kullu was also a tehsil of Kangra district up to 1962 and Lahaul&Spiti which also formed a part of Kangra was carved out as a separate district in 1960. On the re-organisation of composite Punjab on the 1st November, 1966 the area constituting Kangra district were transferred to Himachal Pradesh along with the districts of Shimla, Kullu and Lahaul and Spiti and tehsils of Una and Nalagarh and three villages of Gurdaspur district.

The district has a geographical area of 5,739 km, which constitutes 10.31 % of geographical area of the State. The district is bounded by Chamba to the north, Lahul and Spiti to the northeast, Kullu to the east, Mandi to the southeast, and Hamirpur and Una to the south. The district shares a border with the states of Punjab on the southwest, and Jammu and Kashmir on the northwest. Due to the hilly terrain, not very much of the land is cultivated. The region is covered with uniform patches of barren land, as well as small forests. There is a reasonably good network of roads across the district.

4.8.1.3 Population

An official Census 2011 detail of Kangra, a district of Himachal Pradesh has been released by Directorate of Census Operations in Himachal Pradesh. Enumeration of key persons was also done by census officials in Kangra District of Himachal Pradesh. In 2011, Kangra had population of 1,507,223 of which male and female were 748,559 and 758,664 respectively. There was change of 12.56 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001. In the previous census of India 2001, Kangra District recorded increase of 14.05 percent to its population compared to 1991. The demographic profile of the project area includes both the District and the state, which is presented in the Table 4.19.

TABLE 4.19PROFILES OF TEHSILS, DISTRICTS AND HIMACHAL PRADESH

S. NO CHARACTERISTICS HIMACHAL PRADESH KANGRA

1 Total Area (in sq. km) 55673 5739

2. No. of Households (no.) 1483280 338887

3. Total Population (no.) 6864602 1510075

3.1 Male (no.) 3481873 750591

3.2 Female (no.) 3382729 759484



4 SC Population (no.) 1729252 319384

4.1 SC Male (no.) 876300 159697

4.2 SC Female (no.) 852952 159688

5 ST Population (no.) 392126 84564

5.1 ST Male (no.) 196118 41745

5.2 ST Female (no.) 196008 42819

6 Sex Ratio

(No. females per 1000 males

972 1013

7 Life Expectancy (Years) 62.8 64.7

8 Infant Mortality (no.) 40 38

9 Density (per sq. km) 123 263

10 Literacy (%) 82.80 86.49

4.8.1.4 Tourism

The history of Kangra valley may be traced from the Vedic times. The area was exposed to successive invasions. The Britishers had also domination the region. However, the region maintained its arts and crafts and continued with tradition with the impression of modernity. Crafts like the exquisitely designed shawls and miniature paintings of this region are internationally appreciated. The Kangra valley is one of the most picturesque valleys of lower Himalayas. The valley, shelter the sublime Dhauladhar range, is green and luxuriant. Dharamshala is full of Buddhists. The ancient Hindu temples like Bajreshwari Devi, Chamunda Devi, Baijnath Shiv temple and Jwala Devi ji are attraction and most visited places by Hindus.

4.8.1.5 Cultural Values

Predominant population of the district comprises of Hindus followed by Muslim, Bhudhists, Sikhs, Christians and Jains constitute the negligible proportion of the district population. The main Rajput communities in the district are Katoch, Pathania, Dogra, Jasrotia, Jaswal, Jamwal, Katwal, Guleria, Mian, Thakur, Rana, Rathi etc. Scheduled tribes population is negligible in the district. Jhamakada is a popular group dance performed in Kangra. This dance is exclusively performed by women.

4.8.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA

The above sections dealt with the profile of wider area at district and state level. The profile information gives a broader picture of the area. Now coming to narrowed down and more specific the details given below explains the project area and people living in the surroundings. It is assumed that the project activities may have substantial indirect / direct impacts on the wider socio-economy of the region. Keeping this under consideration, socio-economic profiles of the area and people living within the impact area of the project have been presented and analyzed. Two locations have been identified for project as most



impacted 1. Lower terminal of the rope way and upper terminal of the ropeways. The catchment area of the lower terminal of ropeways is Dharamshala urban settlement and for upper terminal is MecloadGanj.

Dharamshala is a city in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Surrounded by cedar forests on the edge of the Himalayas, this hillside city is home to the H.H. TheDalai Lama and the Tibetan government-in-exile. The ThekchenChöling Temple Complex is a spiritual center for Tibetan Buddhism, while the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives houses thousands of precious manuscripts. McLeod Ganj is a suburb of Dharamsala in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh, India. It is known as "Little Lhasa" or "Dhasa" because of its large population of Tibetans. The Tibetan government-in-exile is headquartered in McLeod Ganj.

4.8.2.1 Population Characteristics

Population of Dharamshala is 53543 and population of McLeod Ganj is approximately 11000. Both the urban settlements are over crowded by the tourists and migration from across the world who has interests in the nature and Buddhist religion. The thin population of these two urban settlements has been made comparative thick by the immigrant Tibetan Buddhist and other who believes in nature and religion.

4.8.2.2 Literacy

Education is an important socio-economic indicator, if a society has higher education level considered as a developed society. The bifacial education system which organizes and makes society competent on the one hand, on the other hand it divides society groups and widens inequalities among the people. However without education the efforts of socio-economic growth and development cannot work. The project area has total literate population is about 10824. Out of the total literate, 51387 are male and 34135 are female.

4.8.2.3 Employment

Most of the people living in these two twin urban settlements depend on petti business and shops. District headquarters of Kangra located in Dharamshala provide various opportunities for educated, less educated and uneducated. The data on project area indicates that total worker 29989. Out of the total workers, male workers are 23028 and female workers area 6961. The working population includes 25830 main workers. Out of the total main workers, 20068 are male workers and 5762 are main female workers.

4.8.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY

No specific socio-economic survey was conducted because direct impacted population were not found due to the proposed project. The project planning has been done in such a way that has planned through barren land or vacant land of forest and government land. No private land or properties have marked for acquisitions.

4.8.3.1 Project Affected People

No private land is identified for acquisition for the proposed ropeway. Thus no legal titleholders shall be affected for the project. The field studies observed that no none-titleholders were found on the patches of land identified for the acquisition for proposed project.



4.8.3.2 Data Collection

Primary data for the study was collected through field visit, consultation with the local people and stakeholders. Secondary data was collected from the Central/State level census handbooks and various other projects related documents.

4.8.3.3 Data Analysis

The data, so collected, have been compiled, processed and analyzed critically for the purpose of this project report. Based on the information collected during social survey and field studies through individual interviews of taxi owners, drivers and public consultation with them and users, the Social Impact Assessment (SIA) was carried out. The Social Impact Analysis which gives description of the effects and social changes due to proposed project.

4.8.4 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

Public consultation is the process in which the discussion held with the people, group and stakeholders. It discusses the extent of impacts, strengths of the affected people and their region, opportunities available in the area, how the project shall bring the opportunities to the people and how the impacts due to the proposed project could be addressed. The discussion also includes how enhancement measures and developmental plans could be implemented and the local people could be involved in the implementation and development process. Public consultation envisages identification of stakeholders, procedure and consultation with the people in various stages of project and gets to know about their view and suggestion and accordingly setting up of mechanism by which their problem can be resolved during the entire stage by organizing public meetings. The general information about the project, such as investment, proposed alignment, details of land acquisition, compensation criteria etc. needs to be provided to the local residents for effective public participation in the project.

The marking of proposed RoW decided the corridor of impacts (CoI) and this rung the bell of threats for the affected families. The decision on the RoW on the ground created uncertainty among the local people for unknown threats. The public consultations for this project were held from 2nd - 03rd June, 2016 by RITES team. The public consultations included an investigation of the social and economic status of people living along the existing project and in surroundings. The venue for the public consultation was fixed at the upper terminal of the ropeways, which is near Dalai lama temple and taxi taxi parking / taxi stand at McLeod Ganj.

The response of the participants (local people, tourists, pilgrims, etc.)was quite positive however participant taxi driver and owners were apprehensive about the project. As they felt that the project may disturb their sources for livelihood and employment. All the likely to be



affected taxi drivers and ownerswere found to be apprehensive about the plan for protection of their occupation and proper rehabilitations.

Except the taxi driver, the participants assured their all support to make the project successful.

Participant (taxi drivers and owners) suggested that the fare for commutation from Dharamshala to McLeod Ganj should be at par with the taxi fare and the fare should be reviewed annually in consultation with the taxi operator union of Dharamshala and McLeod Ganj.

The diversion of forestland use to transportation use has specific consequences on the people and nature. To understand the stakeholders involved with this natural resources, under forest rights act, a public consultation was conducted in presence of local body government. The minutes of the consultation and no objection of local body government and local people and user of the forest resources has been attached in the Annexure 4.4.


Impact Assessment& Mitigation Measure Page 5.1

CHAPTER 5IMPACT ASSESSMENT& MITIGATION MEASURE

5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

The primary function of an environmental impact assessment study is to predict and quantify the magnitude of impacts, evaluate and assess the importance of the identified changes and formulate plans to monitor and mitigate the actual changes. Environmental impacts could be positive or negative, direct or indirect, local, regional or global, reversible or irreversible. The process begins by identifying the development and operational activities resulting from the proposed project as contained in Chapter-2 and Chapter-4 is dedicated for providing information on the baseline environmental conditions for various parameters. This chapter discusses the potential impacts on environment. Attempts have been made to predict the impacts due to proposed project. The pollutants generated at the proposed project premises during construction and operation phases are solid, liquid and gaseous in nature. Pollutants may be generated continuously, periodically or accidentally. Sources of pollutants and their characteristics during the construction and operation phase are given in Table 5.1. This section identifies and appraises the negative as well as positive impacts on various aspects of the environment likely to result from the proposed development.

� Land Environment,� Water Environment,� Air Environment,� Noise and Vibration Environment,� Biological Environment and� Socio-Economic Environment

The impacts on the above environmental components have been assessed during various phases of project cycle namely project design, construction and operation.

5.2 IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT

The impacts likely to take place due to the project location could be mainly due to land acquisition and its diversion for project purpose. The land required for the proposed project is 2.2438 ha in which 1.6958 ha Reserved Forest and Undemarketed Protected Forest (UPF).

The construction of ropeway has impacts on land environment by change in landuse from forest land to non-forest land. The ropeway system requires land of 2.2438 ha, out of which ROW is 0.5718 ha and ROU of 1.6720 ha.

5.2.1 Impacts on Topography, Drainage and Soil Quality

The project is situated in hilly terrain where level difference between upper and lower terminal is 391.0 m in a stretch of 1750.0m.The location of terminal stations and trestles are selected on a mild slope or at plain area to keep the minimal cutting and filling having less impact on topography of the area. Cutting and filling will be balanced. The ropeway corridor is crossing 02 nos number of nallah. The nallah has been avoided for construction of the trestles within it, hence no change in drainage pattern is anticipated. Natural drainage system will be provided the way to minimize the flooding, soil erosion and landslides. During excavation upper layer of soil will be stored for use of it after construction works to grow vegetation on it. The excavated earth will be stabilized soon after the construction is over.



TABLE 5.1POLLUTION SOURCES AND CHARACTERISTICS

S.No. Activity/Area Pollutant Pollutant Characteristic Frequency

CONSTRUCTION PHASE

1

Construction activities on and off the construction site.

Air Emissions-PM2.5, PM10,CO, NOx, SO2

Dust from excavation, concrete mixing, material handling and other construction activities. Emissions from vehicles and machinery.

Temporary during construction phase

Debris/Solid waste

Debris/leftover waste from construction activities. Garbage of construction workers /office

Commensurate with the construction activities

NoiseNoise generated from construction equipment and machinery

Commensurate with the construction activities

Waste water Construction office/workers Temporary during construction phase

OPERATION PHASE

2 Vehicular movement

Air Emission and Noise

Vehicular emissions and noise generation

Continuous/ Periodic

3 Diesel Generators

Air emission SO2, NOX, SPM, CO from fuel burning

Periodic

Noise Noise due to running of equipment

Periodic

4 Office, restaurant, etc. Sewage

Domestic wastewater-BOD, Suspended solids, pathogens

Continuous

5 Open area Wastewater, solid waste

Wash water and road sweepings

Continuous

6 Storm water drains

Suspended Solid

Contaminated discharge from site mainly suspended solids

During rainy season

The ropeway Impact on soil owing to the construction of terminals includes soil erosion, compaction and pollution of soil in case of waste discharge on land. The impact on land will be short term at tower locations during construction only, however at lower and upper terminal, impact on soil quality will be during construction and operation. Collection, treatment and disposal of solid and liquid waste during construction and operation areenvisaged to minimize the impacts on soil quality.

5.2.2 Impact on Slope Erosion/Landslides

Slope Erosion: Erosion aspect of a hill slope is an important factor in determining its stability condition. The deep gully, toe erosion by nallahs destabilizes slopes. It has been observed that the toe erosion by nallah is affecting the slope stability at number of places.Hence, trestles on the side of nallah will be protected by putting the retaining wall at the side of trestle foundation.

Landslide: The status of slope stability is an important aspect that can affect the landslidehazard in the area. This is reflected by the landslide incidences in the past. The landslide affected slopes reflect the instability condition of slope and add to the hazard vulnerability in the area. No history of landslide occurrence near project site.



5.2.3 Risk due to Earthquakes

The project area falls under seismic zone V as per the Seismic Zoning Map of India. Necessary seismic factors (horizontal and vertical ground acceleration), as per relevant Indian Standard Code (IS: 1893 Part 1: 2002) shall be adopted. All components of structures shall be designed for seismic zone IV to ensure the safeguard against earthquake risks. Being the hilly terrain, earthquakes will have more impacts on structures as compared to plain area; accordingly design factors will be adopted.

5.2.4 Impact due to Solid Waste

During Construction: Building construction leads to generation of sand, gravel, concrete, stone, bricks, wood, metal, glass, polythene sheets, plastic, paper etc. as waste. Inorganic solid waste generated during the construction phase like waste concrete and mortar, left over aggregates and debris etc. shall be recycled for use in the base layers of paved area. About 100 numbers of labours will be required for construction of Ropeway. Considering an average contribution of 100 gm/person/day, 10.0 Kg/day of solid waste shall be generated from construction site. Most of the waste generated will be Municipal solid waste as themajor construction activities at site are assembling the structural steel components for towers and terminal stations. Debris generated during construction activities will be used for filling the low lying area which will be stabilized to avoid soil erosion and percolation of water through it.

During operation: About 60 persons per day are recommended in PFR for operation of Ropeway systems. It is estimated that about 210.0 kg per day of municipal solid waste will be generated during the operation phase by operation staff and passengers, which needs to be disposed off.

The recommended waste management plan is based upon the principle to reduce the amount of waste for disposal through the development of outline plans for waste avoidance, material re-use and recycling and is discussed in the Environment Management Plan.

5.2.5 Impact on Existing Features within 1 km

The existing features at project site within 1 km radius are Dharamshala and McLeodganjtown. Within 1km following features exist Reserved Forest, Nallah, Road, Water Supply Line, Sewer Lines, Hotels Temples & market.

The limited construction activities during limited period of time will have no significant impacts during construction. However, construction within Reserved Forest will be undertaken in consultation with district forest officer. As per their guidance, precautionary measures will be taken to safeguard the ecology of the area.

The proposed aerial ropeway will move in air from lower terminal to upper terminal and vice-versa. Hence, no environmental impacts are anticipated during operation of the ropeway system within the corridor.

5.3 IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT

The construction and operation of ropeway project requires use of water, hence impact on water environment is anticipated. The impact on water resources depends upon availability of water and their use.Water requirement for the construction and operation of ropeway will be met from HPIPH. A NOC letter from HPIPH is given below at Figure 5.1.



FIGURE 5.1HPIPH NOC Letter

5.3.1 Water Use

The project implementation would involve various construction activities i.e. excavation, levelling, foundation, construction of buildings at terminal stations etc. The terminal stationsand trestle foundations are proposed to be constructed on almost flat land or on mild slope to minimise the water for levelling and other construction activities.

During Construction: The construction of station at lower and upper terminal would require water. Water demand would be for civil cconstruction works and for manpower deployment. About 100 workers will be working at site during peak construction period. Water demand during construction for labours is estimated about 4.5 KLD which will be supplied from existing water supply source line of the Public Health Engineering Department. The Wastewater generated will be 3.6 KLD. The breakup of water consumption and waste water generation during construction of the Ropeway is shown in Table 5.2.Waste water generated will be treated by providing on site sanitation facilities i.e. mobile toilets at tower locations and septic tank cum soak pit at terminal stations.

During Operation: 60 persons are required to be deployed during operation which include staff and security personnel. The total water requirement will be 87.0 KLD. Daily sewage flow considering 80% of the domestic water consumption works out to be 69.60 KLD. The waste water will be treated by at STP of Dharamshala Municipal Corporation.



TABLE 5.2CONSTRUCTION STAGE WATER REQUIREMENT

S. No

Description Total water requirement

Waste water generation KLD

Remarks

Construction Site1 Domestic use 4.5KLD 3.6 Manpower

2 Construction works

382.58 KL -- Based on the Construction Activity

5.4 IMPACT ON AIR ENVIRONMENT

Emissions to the atmosphere from construction sites include particulates and gases (that is dust, construction equipment/machineries emissions). Such emissions can have adverse onsite and off-site impacts if they are not properly managed or controlled. Emissions can occur from any of the following activities:

� Clearing of land and related excavation and compaction activities.� Operation of heavy machinery and related equipment for earthmoving and

construction purposes (excavators, cranes, etc.) and the engines associated with such machines.

� Erectioning of structures using steel, concrete, brick, glass, timber, and other materials.

� Metal joining and finishing including welding, brazing, soldering and other techniques.� Generation of solid wastes and debris, their stockpiling and transfer during loading

onto trolleys.� Transport of building materials and supplies onto the site.� Movement of vehicles.

Air pollution occurs mainly due to fugitive emissions/dust generation from various construction activities during construction period and use of DG set during operation period.

5.4.1 Air Pollution

5.4.1.1 Methodology

For the proposed atmospheric dispersion modelling study, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) approved and also recommended by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India, regulatory air quality model i.e. Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST3-version 3) and CALINE-4 are applied to predict ground level incremental concentrations (GLCs) of concerned critical pollutants. Prior to air quality modeling exercise, meteorological condition during one season over project site is extensively studied. Concentrations are estimated for the critical pollutants assessed over appropriate averaging times based on the applicability of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and proposed project study.

5.4.1.2 Meteorology

For the rapid air quality impact assessment meteorological data for the desired season/period over the project region are used for air quality modeling. The following subsections describe the prime meteorological parameters during the pre-monsoon study period which govern the dispersion of pollutants.



5.4.1.3 Wind Direction and Speed

Wind rose summarizes a considerable amount of wind frequency information into a single graphic and shown in Figure 5.2 below during the study period.

FIGURE 5.2WIND ROSE

The wind rose diagram reveals that wind was blowing predominantly from the Northeast with frequency of approximately 33 % having speed in the range of 0.5-12.7 m s-1 during the monitoring period. The onsite average wind speed was observed 4.33 m s-1 with frequency of calm winds 0.63 % during the study period. Wind class frequency distribution observed during the monitoring period is presented graphically as shown in Figure 5.3 below.

5.4.1.4 Atmospheric Stability

A measure of the tendency of air to move upward or downward within the atmosphere generates turbulence. The atmosphere may be more or less turbulent at any given time, depending on the amount of incoming solar radiation as well as other factors. There are six defined Pasquill atmospheric stability classes, from A to F, each representing a different degree of turbulence in the atmosphere. When moderate to strong incoming solar radiation heats air near the ground, causing it to rise and generating large eddies, the atmosphere is considered unstable. Unstable conditions are associated with atmospheric stability classes A, B and C. In this stability class air has strong tendency to move up or down, and the atmosphere is more turbulent. When solar radiation is relatively weak or absent, air near the surface has reduced tendency to rise and less turbulence develops. In this case, the



atmosphere is considered stable, the wind is weak, and the stability class would be E or F. Stability classes D represents conditions of neutral stability (moderately turbulent). Neutral conditions are associated with relatively strong wind speeds and moderate solar radiation. The frequency of stability classes during the study period is provided in Table 5.3

FIGURE 5.3WIND CLASS FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

TABLE 5.3FREQUENCY OF STABILITY CLASSES

Stability Class Frequency (%)A Extremely Unstable 0.5B Unstable 25.1C Slightly Unstable 9.7D Neutral 31.7E Slightly Stable 14.8F Stable 18.7

This data indicates that over the monitoring period, the site exhibits trends of unstable, neutral and stable conditions. Stable conditions exhibit poor vertical mixing, and low levels of contaminant dispersion.

5.4.1.5 Mixing height

Mixing Height (MH) is the vertical extent through which the contaminant plume can be mixed. Forecasting of mixing height is done with the aid of the vertical temperature profile. The MH is a function of stability. In unstable air the MH is higher and in stable air the MH is lower. With a lower MH, there is a smaller volume of air in which the pollutant can be dispersed, resulting in higher concentrations in the ambient environment. There is a seasonal variation of MH. During summer daylight hours, MH can be few thousand feet whereas for winter it can be a few hundred feet. It varies also in the course of a day. It is lowest at night and increases during the day. Diurnals variation of mixing height over during pre monsoon season is estimated between 25 and 2560 meters over the study region.



5.4.1.6 Air Environment Impact Assessment

For air environment impact assessment, the air emission sources were examined for both construction and operational phases of the project. Pollutants generated during both the construction and operation phase of the proposed project would be solid, liquid and gaseous in nature. The generation of pollution could be continuous, periodic or accidental. During operation phase vehicular emission along the roadway and the Diesel Generator (DG) sets used for power backup are the two major pollution sources of the proposed cable car project. As far as the proposed project is concerned vehicular emission source and DG sets may be expected as positive contributor and negative contributor towards the ambient environmentrespectively. To assess the quantitative positive impact and negative impact the due to concerned pollutants sources air quality modeling has been carried out with the appropriate USEPA (United State Environmental Protection Agency) approved models viz., CALINE (California Line Source Model) version 4 and ISCST (Industrial Source Complex Short Term) version 3.

5.4.1.7 Impact Assessment

For air quality impact assessment, the air emission sources were examined for both construction and operational phases of the project. The modeling details are provided in the following Sections.

A) Construction Phase

During the construction phase, SPM is expected to be the main pollutant associated with on-site roads (paved and unpaved), stockpiles and material handling. In this case, pollution emission sources shall be distributed throughout the project site and shall fall under the category of area source. The land acquired is fairly flat, so extensive formation work is not expected during this phase. It is assumed that most of the excavated material shall be used within the project, with minimal cut and fill material to come from outside the site.

Due to the confined nature of heavy construction activity during this limited period, tailpipe emissions from construction equipment are assumed to be essentially negligible.

In the absence of information regarding the quantity and type of construction equipment to be deployed at any particular time, emission factors for construction activities were used for emissions estimates. Overall SPM emissions were estimated using the emission factor of 1.2 tons SPM/month of activity/acre as per AP-42 Section 13.2.3.3 (U.S.EPA, 1995). This emission factor is most useful for developing estimates of overall emissions from construction throughout a geographical area and most applicable to construction operations with medium activity level, moderate silt contents, and semiarid climate (U.S. EPA, 1995). The derivation of the factor assumes that construction activity occurs 30 days per month, making the above estimate somewhat conservatively high for total suspended particulate (U.S. EPA, 1995).

Phase wise development will be taking place on the project site; hence the entire site will not be simultaneously under heavy construction, different sections of the site generating SPM in a progressive manner. Thus, as a worst-case scenario, it is conservatively assumed that during the heavy construction period, one of the blocks of area 10000 m2 will be actively emitting SPM. Assuming 24 hours of construction activity, and an area of 10000 m2 is taken as for the air quality modelling. The emission rates for PM10 and PM2.5 are calculated assuming 50% of SPM and 60% of PM10 respectively. Air quality modeling exercise is performed under the above discussed meteorological condition and maximum ground level concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 average over 24 hours are estimated about 337 g/m3 and 561 g/m3 respectively and occurred on the site itself. However, predicted incremental



concentration is significant but it is temporarily. The spatial distribution of the incremental PM2.5 and PM10 level without control on the impact zone area of 500 m x 500 km on modeling grid size of 100 m x 100 m around the proposed are shown in Figure 5.4 and 5.5respectively. Under proper particulate matter mitigation measure plan, the dust emission during construction phase can be controlled by 95%.

FIGURE 5.4SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 24-HOUR AVERAGE PM2.5 CONC. (μG/M3)

FIGURE 5.5SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 24-HOUR AVERAGE PM10 CONC. (μG/M3)



B) Operation Phase

(i) DG Set Emission Modeling

During operation phase of project, 1x320 KVA DG set at LTP 9 Lower Terminal Point) will be expected as the main air pollution sources. DG set will be expected to run as back-up power supply during power failure. Thus, for air quality modeling study, it is assumed that the DG sets will be operated as on average four hours (0900-1200 Hrs) during daytime and four hours (1900-2200 Hrs) in the evening time per day PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx and CO will be expected as prime criteria air pollutants during the operation phase of the project. Emission Source characteristic used for atmospheric dispersion modeling is provided in the following Table 5.4

TABLE 5.4EMISSION SOURCE CHARACTERISTICS

Model is simulated under observed meteorological condition and incremental maximum ground levels concentration for PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NOx average over 24 hours are predicted to be about 0.12, 0.22, 1.80 and 13 g/m3 respectively and occurred at a distance about 224 m towards the southeast sector from the source location. Maximum ground level CO concentration average over 8 hours is predicted to be about14.92 g/m3

but occurred at the about 141 m in the northeast direction. The spatial distribution of ground level incremental concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, and CO due to proposed ropeway operation on the impact zone area of 2 km x 2 km on modelling grid size of 100 m x 100 m around the proposed site are shown in Figures 5.6 through 5.10 respectively.

FIGURE 5.6SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 24-HOUR AVERAGE PM2.5 CONC. (μG/M3)

Stack No.

DG(KVA)

Stack Characteristics

PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOx CO Height (m)

velocity (m/s)

Temp (k)

Diameter (m)

1 1x100 0.006 0.011 0.09 0.65 0.25 7 18. 811 0.25



FIGURE 5.7SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 24-HOUR AVERAGE PM10 CONC. (μG/M3)

FIGURE 5.8SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 24-HOUR AVERAGE SO2 CONC. (μG/M3)

Dis

tanc

e(m

)



FIGURE 5.9SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 24-HOUR AVERAGE NOX CONC. (μG/M3)

FIGURE 5.10SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 8-HOUR AVERAGE CO CONC (μG/M3)

Dis

tanc

e(m

)D

ista

nce

(m)



(ii) Vehicular Emission Modeling

Vehicular emissions may be considered other source of air pollution not only due to the vehicles plying on the road but also in parking mode. However, the extent of these impacts, at any given time will depend upon the rate of vehicular emission within a given stretch of the road; and the prevailing meteorological conditions. The impacts will have strong temporal dependence as both of these factors vary with time. The temporal dependence would have diurnal, seasonal, as well as long-term components. As the project envisages improvement of road conditions for smooth traffic flow, the project will expect minimal impact on air quality of the region during its operation.

Environmental Significance of Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Carbon Monoxide is colorless and odorless gas, chemically inert under normal conditions and has an estimated atmospheric mean life of about two and half months. CO is emitted by incomplete burning of fossil fuel. The National Ambient Air Quality Standard (CPCB) prescribes standard limit for CO in the ambient air as 2 mg/m3 and 4 mg/m3 on 8-hr and 1-hr average respectively. At higher concentrations, i.e., above 5 mg/m3 it can seriously affect human aerobic metabolism, owing to its high affinity for hemoglobin and thus would affect the central nervous system, impairing a person s time-interval discrimination and brightness discrimination and over 10 mg/m3, concentration would result in cardiac, pulmonary functional changes / failure leading to death.

Thus, considering CO as the primary pollutant anticipated as tailpipe emissions from the vehicles plying on the roads, air quality model is used to simulate the dispersion of vehicular pollutants near road at a distance of 7 m from either side of the road at 1.8 m receptor height to assess the air quality impact in the ambient environment due to continuous vehicular emission. The worst-case vehicular emission modeling has been carried out for the road of length 1000 m and width 6 m along Bypass road near the Lower Terminal Point at Dharamshala city as shown in Figure 5.11. For conservative assessment, it is assumed that all Light motor vehicles (4623) and Heavy moors vehicles (312) follow the same road during peak hour. Bypass Road is the main connection for road traffic between Dharamshala City and McLeod Ganj.

For the base year 2015, model is executed for the worst-case wind angle. 1-hour average predicted CO concentration level along the road at the discrete receptors located on the either side of the road up to 200 m. CO maximum concentration average over 1 hour is predicted between 815 μg/m3 at 7 m from the centre of the road and 1reduced to 116 μg/m3

at 197 m and is well below the NAAQS (4000 μg/m3). Spatial distribution of CO concentration averaged over one hour along the either side of road is shown in Figure 5.12.Thus, it may be concluded that due to the increase in the traffic volume due to proposed project, the impact on air quality along the project road is not much significant.

In order to assess the future benefit of the proposed ropeway project, traffic emission modeling has also been performed in accordance with the projected peak hour traffic volume from the expected project operation year (2020) to the year 2050 with the 5 years interval period base year 2015. The peak hour traffic volume is projected based on the annual traffic growth rate of 5%. The 1-hour average maximum predicted CO concentrations along the roadways under worst-case scenario without implementation project and with the implementation of the project in different years is shown in Figure 5.13.



FIGURE 5.11ROAD NETWORK FROM DHARAMSHALA CITY TO MCLEOD GANJ

FIGURE 5.12SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF 1-HR AVERAGE CO PREDICTED CONCENTRATION

(μG/M3)

-200 -100 0 100 200Distance (m)

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Dis

tanc

e(m

)



FIGURE 5.13CO CONCENTRATION WITHOUT AND WITH ROPEWAY PROJECT

The Figure 5.13 reveals that the maximum incremental CO concentrations with project reduces less in the initial year of operation phase of the project but reduction in the CO level keep on increasing in subsequent years onwards. Without the implementation of the project,the CO level near the roadways would be exceeded the residential National Ambient Air Quality Standards (4000 μg/m3) near the year 2050, whereas with the implementation of the project, the CO level will be expected well within the limit even in the year 2050. Thus, based on the above study, it can be concluded that the proposed ropeway project will throw a positive impact towards the ambient air environment.

5.5 IMPACT ON NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Noise is one of the most common occupational health hazards. Annoyance, stress and interference with speech communication are the main concern in noisy environment. Like air environment, impact of noise is also anticipated during construction and operation phase of the project cycle. These are discussed in subsequent sections.

The assessment of the impacts of noise on the surrounding community depends upon:

• Characteristics of noise source (instantaneous, intermittent, or continuous in nature)• Time of day at which noise occurs• Location of noise source with respect to noise receptor

For an approximate estimation of propagation of noise in the ambient air from the area or point source, a standard mathematical model for sound wave propagation used is as follows:

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Pred

cite

d C

O c

once

ntra

tions

(g/

m3)

Year

Predicted CO concentrations ( g/m3) due to Vehicluar Emission without and with Ropeway Project between (Dharamshala to Mcleodganj during 2015-2050

Without Project



Noise (Receptor) = Noise (Source) - 20 Log [distance (Receptor) / distance (Source)]

For the modeling purposes, terrain is considered flat and there are no sound absorptive materials are present in the direction of the sound wave propagation so as to formulate the worst-case scenario. For the modeling purposes, terrain is considered flat and there are no sound absorptive materials are present in the direction of the sound wave propagation so as to formulate the worst-case scenario. For predicting noise emissions impacts due to proposed project, the noise emission sources are examined during both construction and operational phases. The noise levels during both distinct phases are predicted using the CPCB approved noise model DHAWANI applicable for stationary point sources.

A) Construction PhaseThe project is expected to have large scale construction activities. Sources of noise emissions are expected from various construction equipments. The major noise generating sources envisaged during construction phase and their typical noise level value are given in Table 5.5.

TABLE 5.5NOISE LEVELS GENERATED FROM CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

Name of Source Noise Level at 1 m from source (calculated) in dB (A)

Air Compressor 111Back Hoe/Loader 105Concrete Mixer Truck 109Concrete Pumper 94Concrete Vibrators 101Cranes - mobile 105Dump Truck 107Generator 75Hammering 110Jackhammer 112Pile Driver 124Radial Arm Saw 104

Noise modelling is done assuming that all the above equipments emit noise simultaneously considering as worst-case scenario. The spatial variation of the predicted noise levels at an interval of 5 dB (A) without control around the project site on the area of 1 km x 1 km are shown in Figure 5.14.

Modelling results shows that noise level meets the Ambient Noise Quality Standards (ANQS) 55 dB (A) at a distance of about 900 m. Uncontrolled noise levels generated from construction equipment, in the range of 94-124 dB (A) have been considered for prediction purpose. However, the CPCB standards specified for limited construction equipment reflect that noise emission specifications for such equipment should not exceed 75 dB (A). The noise levels predicted here is without mitigation measures. It is assumed that with the adoption of the mitigation measures noise levels will be further restricted within very short distances from the source. With respect to occupational exposure, the permissible threshold is 90 dB (A). Thus, based on the modelling results it can be concluded that all sensitive



receptors (i.e. labour colonies) should be located beyond 125 meters from the noise generating source location during construction activities.

FIGURE 5.14SPATIAL VARIATION OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT NOISE LEVELS DB(A):

CONSTRUCTION PHASE

B) Operational PhaseDuring the operational phase, 1 diesel power generator sets discretely located can be considered as the major source of noise pollution due to the proposed project. As per CPCB prescribed norm, the noise level of diesel generator set is 75 dB (A).

The impact assessment due to above-mentioned noise sources is carried out with the help of CPCB approved DHAWANI noise model. Based on model simulated results, the spatial variation of noise level at an interval of 5 dB (A) around the source on the area of 200 m x 200 m during operation phase is shown in Figure 5.15.

As it can be seen from the above noise level isopleths, the maximum incremental noise level which is 75 dB (A) at 1m distance from the source is attenuated to 45 dB (A)) at a distance of about 25 m from the source location. Thus, there will be negligible contribution from operation of D.G. sets on the ambient noise level. Based on the modelling results it can be inferred that the resultant noise level will be expected well within the prescribed limit of 90 dB (A) as prescribed by OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration) for the 8 hours of exposure period.



FIGURE 5.15SPATIAL VARIATION OF NOISE LEVEL DB(A): OPERATION PHASE

Based on the air and noise environmental impact assessment study, the associated potential adverse environmental impacts are almost negligible. The negative impacts, if any, would be mitigated with available know-how in technology. The project will bring benefits at Local, Regional and National level. After incorporation of environmental management plan, the environmental sustainability will be further improved.

5.6 IMPACT DUE TO VIBRATION

Construction activities have the potential to produce vibration that may be annoying or disturbing to humans and may cause damage to the structures. Architectural and even structural damage to existing structures surrounding a site could occur if appropriate precautions are not taken. Vibration generated by construction activities is categorised into ground borne and sound generated vibration. Vibration produced during construction activities are transmitted through the ground to nearby structures.

5.6.1 Impact due to construction

The construction activities will be carried out for foundation of Towers at LTP, UTP and intermediate towers. Trucks/vehicle movement will be at Lower and Upper Terminal. Main source of vibration during construction will be rock drilling in place of blasting for the construction of foundation works to keep the vibration level within level within limits. Thefrequent checking of construction equipments and machineries for operation and maintenance will be done to keep the level of noise and vibration within limits.

5.6.2 Impact during Operation

The operation of ropeway will be through electric driven motors. In case of power cut, DG Set will run which will generate noise and vibration but will be within limits due to provision of acoustic enclosures. The operation of ropeway and vehicular movement will generate noise



and vibration within limit; hence no impact of vibration is anticipated. Proper maintenance of machinery and equipment helps to control the noise and vibration.

5.6.3 Impact due to Wind Pressure

As per Indian standard, the wind speed should not be more than 150 km/hr during operation of aerial ropeway.

5.7 IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Impacts on terrestrial Ecology: All development activities lead to impact on the existing flora and fauna. For the proposed Ropeway project, construction activities will involve site clearance for construction of terminals. The area for the terminal stations comprise mainly of common ,Trees, shrubs, weeds and grasses and do not support any ecologically sensitive flora and fauna. The impacts of construction on terrestrial ecology have been summarized in Annexure 4.3 I to Annexure 4.3 IV.

The proposed project may result in air, noise and water pollution, which may have an impact on the terrestrial ecology. However, the impact will last for small duration and will be minor in nature. No sensitive species for flora and fauna were recorded within the core zone during the survey. The proposed alignment does not coincide with the migratory route of birds. The noise emissions during construction phase may have a minor impact on the fauna in the surrounding areas. The impact on ecology is give at Table 5.6.

TABLE 5.6IMPACTS ON ECOLOGY

Sr no Parameters Magnitude Duration1. Habitat loss Absent -2. Habitat fragmentation Absent -3. Reduction in habitat

quality Absent -

4. Impact due to pollution Minor Short term 5. Impact due to disturbance Minor Short term

The Total numbers of trees within ropeway corridor are 995 numbers. The numbers of trees likely to be cut/ trimmed are 498.The number of trees with their size and species is given in the Annexure 4.3 I to Annexure 4.3 IV.

The proposed project may result in air, noise and water pollution, which may have an impact on the terrestrial ecology. However, the impact will last for small duration and will be minor innature. Loss of the biomass has been estimated as reported in Table 5.7.

TABLE 5.7BIOMASS LOSS

Sr. No. DISCRIPTION VALUE1. Total loss of trees(No.) 4982. Biomass volume likely to be lost (m3) 50.027

Encroachment into Wildlife Habitat/Corridor: The proposed project site is located in between Dharamshala & McLeodganj cities, which is densely populated and there is no nearby wildlife sanctuary/Natural habited/wildlife corridor. Hence it is anticipated that no encroachment into wildlife sanctuary /Natural habited will occur due to the project.



5.8 SOCIO- ECONOMIC IMPACTS

Taking the findings of socio-economic analysis and field observations, positive and negative impacts of the proposed project on the socio-economic conditions of project affected people have been examined in this section.

5.8.1 Loss of Agriculture LandThe project is located in urban settlement. Agriculture is not an usual practice of the settlement. No agriculture land and crops have been found in the municipal boundary of Dharamshala and McLeodganj. It is observed and informed by the project developer that total 01.89.11 ha of land is required. Out of the total land, 01.69.58 ha of the land is under forest department ownership for forest land use and 00.19.53 ha of land is under government of Himachal Pradesh for open and barren land use. However, no private land is required for acquisition. Thus no agricultural land shall be acquired.

5.8.2 Loss of Crop Yield

Loss of land leads to the loss of crops and other infrastructures. The crops of the project area is paddy, maize, etc. In the project area, no agricultural land is being acquired. Thus no impact on the crops yield is anticipated.

5.8.3 Employment Opportunities

The project is likely to provide direct employment opportunities to 100 persons during construction period of 18 months and approximately 60 persons during operation and maintenance of the project at all levels. In addition to this, project will provide indirect employment in general to the local people specially.

5.8.4 Benefits to the Economy

Development of infrastructure and availability of reliable transport mode without much emission unlike present traffic operation will carry passenger from McLeod Ganj to Dharamshala. The project shall boost tourism of the region, state and the country. The project would contribute towards better economic activities in the region as well as in the state and country.



5.8.5 Recreation and Tourism Potential

The project area is a gift of nature where flora, fauna, mountains and rivers make it extremely beautiful. Improvement of transport mode and other infrastructure facilities due to the implementation of the project is likely to boast tourism in the area and revenue generation from the same and opportunities of employment for local people.

5.8.6 Pressure on Existing Infrastructure

As mentioned in above, the construction of proposed ropeway project will take about 18months, during which manpower will be required for various construction activities. It is estimated that about 54000 person manpower generation including workers and technical staff will be required during the construction of the project. Out of these, the workers migrating from outside of the project area, aggregation of workers along with their families is likely to put significant pressure on existing infrastructure facilities in the project area. Thus management of problems due to population needs to be looked into critically. Necessary infrastructure would be developed in the worker s camp area. It is anticipated that the project area is a urban settlement and has already habitation of more than 70,000 people living in the twin agglomerate thus no conflict and further pressure on existing infrastructures are anticipated.

5.8.7 Cultural Conflicts

The state of Himachal Pradesh has unique culture. People of this area have distinct habits of food and clothing, because the region is historically important. The people have deep faiths in religions. During construction period of the project, migrant population is expected from other parts of the country having different cultural habits however, no cultural conflict is foreseen due to these migrants, as they will be largely settled in separate conglomerates having all facilities and less interactions with the local people.

5.8.8 Women and Gender Issues

The issue of gender is very important and sensitive because half population of the society represents one group of gender. Historically women have been often neglected in most of the cases and most of the societies. Thus bringing women in the mainstream and ascertaining full participation of this group has become important. The gender sensitive project proponent, government of Himachal Pradesh are committed to ascertain the participation of women in the project work at every stage since planning to operation.

The field study observed that no negative impacts were identified on the women population in the project area. However the project proponent shall ascertain that women shall participate in the project activities at every level. If available, they will be employed for construction and sufficient number shall be available during operation particularly for the works of ticket counters, maintenance and other works suitable to the women workers with equal salary of their men peer working for the same.

5.8.9 Tribal People / Indigenous Population

No Tribal families or individual were found on the site. No tribal is adversely impacted due tothe project. So no attention shall be paid to the group as no tribal population hasencountered the proposed ropeways development threats and no requirements for any tribal development action plan. However, the project region is the habitat of two tribal communities

Gaddis and Gujjars. These two tribal communities are nomadic and depend on the cattle rearing to earn their sources for livelihood. No direct or indirect adverse impacts were identified on the indigenous people or tribal population is anticipated.



5.8.10 Cost of Living and Inflation

Minor increase in cost of living and inflation would be experienced in the project area as a result of increased commercial activities however the same factors will also increase the per capita income of the people in the area and take care of the inflation. As understood that the project is not of huge investment, so the subsequent stage of investment is not anticipated significant.

5.8.11 Better Connectivity

Ropeway project will provide easy accessibility of tourists from Dharamshala to McLeodganj.The benefits of ropeway are given below

� Road Journey about 9-10 Kms often congested due to traffic jams.� McLeodganj, Dharamshala goes under 30-50 mm snow layer during winters and roads

connectivity further detoriates� Yearly 40 Lakh tourists visits the Place� Due to traffic congestion, It takes 3-4 hours to reach McLeodganj during peak season

5.9 CHECKLIST OF IMPACTS

Checklist is the list of environmental parameters or impact indicators, which the environmentalist is encouraged to consider when summarizing the potential impacts. A typical checklist identifying the anticipated environmental impacts due to the project activities are shown in Table 5.8.

TABLE 5.8CHECKLIST OF IMPACTS

S. No. Parameter Negative

ImpactNo

ImpactPositive Impact

Short Term

LongTerm

Remark

A IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENTi) Change of land use pattern * * Insignificantii) Impact on Soil quality/ Erosion * *

iii) Risk due to earthquake * *Zone V

factors will be taken in design

iv) Impact due to solid waste * * InsignificantB IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENTi) Impact on Water resources * *

ii) Impact on Water Quality duringconstruction * *

iii) Impact on Water Quality during operation * * InsignificantC IMPACT ON AIR ENVIRONMENTi) During Construction * *ii) During Operation * * InsignificantD IMPACT ON NOISE ENVIRONMENTi) During Construction * *ii) During Operation * * InsignificantE IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTi) Loss of Forest Produce * * Lowii) Loss of Tress * * Mediumiii) Encroachment into nature reserve and

Wildlife* Low

G SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACTi) Loss of Agriculture Land * - -ii) Loss of Crop Yield * -iii) Employment Opportunities * *iv) Benefits to the Economy * *



S. No. Parameter Negative

ImpactNo

ImpactPositive Impact

Short Term

LongTerm

Remark

v) Recreation and Tourism Potential * *vi) Pressure on Existing Infrastructure * *vii) Cultural Conflicts * *viii) Women and Gender Issues * - -ix) Tribal People / Indigenous Population * - -x) Cost of Living and Inflation * *xi) Better connectivity * *

5.10 EPILOGUE

As discussed above, impacts on land, water, air noise and ecological environment related to the construction stage are discussed due to construction and operation of the project, which are proposed to be mitigated through simple/ good construction and project management practices, although the intensity of impacts are low. There will be no major impact anticipated during operation stage of the project. On the other hand the project would lead to long term socio-economic benefits. Incorporation of the environmental management plan would certainly enhance the sustainability of the project.

*****


Environmental Management Plan Page 6.1

CHAPTER 6ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

6.1 GENERAL

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) describes the proposed remedial measures and monitoring plan for the impact during construction and operational period of the project. The EMP often contains a construction/management guideline that specifically addresseshow the project proponent/contractors are to incorporate environmental considerations into their work. EMP considers compensatory measures if mitigation measures are not feasible or cost-effective. This chapter spells out the set of measures to be undertaken during project construction and operation to mitigate or reduce the adverse environmental impacts and bring them to acceptable levels based on the proposed Environmental Management Plans.

The most reliable way to ensure the implementation of EMP is that these plans are integrated into the overall project planning and implementation to make them as an integral component of the project. This ensures that it will receive funding and supervision along with other investment components. For optimal integration of EMP into the project, there should be links for:

� Funding,� Management, training and� Monitoring.

The purpose of the first link is to ensure that proposed actions are adequately financed. The second link helps in embedding training, technical assistance, staffing and other institutional strengthening in the mitigation measures to implement the overall management plan. The third link provides a critical path for implementation and enables sponsors and the funding agency to evaluate the success of mitigation measures, as part of project supervision, and as a means to improve future projects. For every impact discussed in Chapter - 5, the mitigation measures, implementing agency and budget have been presented as far as possible. All required funds would be channeled through the project authority. The Environmental Management Plans have been prepared and discussed in subsequent sections. Table 6.1 is given with mitigation measures in brief with time frame, implementing and responsible organization against impacts due to re-construction, construction and operation stage.

TABLE 6.1ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES

IMPACTS MITIGATION MEASURES TIME FRAMEIMPLEMENTI

NG ORGANISAT

ION

RESPONSIBLE ORGANISATION

DESIGN /PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGEAlignment Minimise the loss of

vegetation and impact on wildlife.

During Design

Design Unit, DRL

Banoi Reserved Forest

Conservation and protection of wildlife and ecology

During Design Phase

Forest department

Forest department

Loss of Water Bodies

Utmost care taken to avoid water bodies for construction of trestles

During Design

Design Unit DRL

CONSTRUCTION PHASEEnvironmental Management and Monitoring

This will include institutional requirements, training, environmental management and

During Construction & Operation

DRL DRL




NG ORGANISAT

ION


monitoringDust Water should be sprayed

during construction phase, Vehicles deliveringmaterials should be covered to reduce spills and dust blowing off the load.

During construction

Contractor DRL and SPCB

Air Pollution Vehicles and machinery are to be regularly maintained so that emissions conform to National and State Standards.

Duringconstruction


Noise Construction will be done during day time only to avoid the impact on wildlife.Provision of noise barrier/acoustic enclosures Earplug/earmuffs for workers No blasting

During construction


Vibration Construction will be done during day time only to avoid the impact on wildlife.No blasting will be undertaken

During construction


WATERAlteration of drainage

All necessary measures have been taken to prevent constructions from impeding streams/nallah

During Design and Construction

Design Unit and Contractor

DRL and Forest Department

Siltation Construction materials containing fine particles will be stored in an enclosure such that sediment-laden water does not drain into nearby watercourse, but rather percolate slowly into the soil.

Throughout construction period

Contractor DRL and Forest Department

Contamination from Wastes

All measures will be taken to prevent the wastewater from construction site entering into water resources



Sewerage disposal during construction

A minimum distance of any sewage or toilet facility from water sources should be 200 meters



Contamination from fuel and lubricants

Vehicle maintenance and refuelling will be confined to areas in construction camps designed to contain spilled lubricants and






NG ORGANISAT

ION


fuels. Waste petroleum and lubricants must be collected stored and taken to proper disposal sites, as per GOI laws.

Sanitation and Waste Disposal in Construction Site

Provision of garbage bins and sanitation facilities in the construction site.Waste in septic tanks will be cleared periodically. Garbage will be collected in a tank and disposed of daily.

During construction

Contractor DRL & DMC

Quarrying pits Quarrying shall be carried at licensed quarries only.

During construction


Equipment Selection, maintenance and operation

Construction plants and equipment will meet emission standards and will be maintained and operated in a manner that ensures relevant air and noise standards.

During construction


SOILSoil Erosion and Soil Conservation

In slopes, trees and grass should be planted If existing irrigation and drainage system are damaged, they will be rebuilt by suitable methods.

During construction


Loss of agricultural topsoil

Arable lands should not be used as earth borrowing. If needed, the topsoil (15 cm) will be kept and refilled after excavation is over to minimise the impact on productive lands.

During construction


Compaction of Soil

Construction vehicles should operate within the Corridor of alignment to avoid damaging soil and vegetation.

During construction


FLORA AND FAUNALoss of trees and Avenue Plantation

Trees removed due to project will be replaced according to Compensatory afforestation Guidelines of forest Department.

During construction

Forest Department


Fauna Construction workers should be told to protect natural resources and wild animals. Hunting would

During construction

Forest Department





NG ORGANISAT

ION


be prohibited.

OPERATION PHASEVegetation Local (indigenous) tree

species will be planted at lower and upper terminal where open the space would be available.

Immediately after construction,

Contractor DRL

Air Pollution Enforce Pollution Under Control (PUC) Programs. Monitor air pollution at critical points

During Operation

Contractor /Monitoring agency

DRL

Noise The DG Set will be installed at lower and upper terminal with acoustic sound enclosures. Noise monitoring during operation.

During Operation

Contractor /Monitoring agency

DRL

Vibration Foundation of DG set will be designed to cause minimum vibration.

During Operation

- DRL

WATERStorm Water Drainage System

The natural nallah will be checked for their obstruction of water course and flooding and will be cleared immediately wherever required

During Operation

Contractor DRL

Water supply and Waste Water disposal

Water requirement met by HPIPH and waste generated will be treated at STP by Municipal Corporation of Sharamshala

During Operation

Contractor DRL & DMC

FAUNACollision with animals and Birds

No collision with major faunal species but collision with birds, with provision of first aid.

During Operation/Construction

Contractor DRL

Air and noise disturbances

Ropeway will be operated with proper operation and maintenance to have minimal noise level.No Air pollution due to operation of aerial ropeways since it will be operated through electricity. During power cut, generator will be used at lower and upper terminal.

During Operation/Construction

Contractor DRL



6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

EMP contains a set of mitigation measures for negative environmental impacts through: a) changes in the design, construction practices, maintenance, and operation; and b) additional actions taken to protect the biophysical and social environment, as well as individuals who have been impacted adversely by a project. The extent and timing of mitigate actions are based on the significance of the predicted impacts. In the proposed project some aspects of impact mitigation are incorporated into project design which has largely resolved the threat of impacts before construction commences. However, many mitigation measures require implementation during construction and operation phase to ensure that proposed actions are carried out at the correct times. Based on Project Description (Chapter - 2), Environmental Baseline Data (Chapter - 4) and Environmental Impacts (Chapter - 5), the environmental management plans to be adopted at stages like pre construction, construction and operation phases are presented below.

6.3 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE

The pre-construction measures need to be incorporated in the planning process. Some of these shall be included in design and budgeted for.

6.3.1 Forest and Wildlife Management

a) Compensatory Afforestration

The detailed scheme of Compensatory afforestation to be carried out in lieu of 1.6958 Ha of forest area, to be diverted for the construction of ropeway from Dharamshala to macleodganj in kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. The land of 2.0731 Ha (Block/Compartment/Survey No. 1584/4,34,36 (Khata No. 286, Khatoni No. 447)) given for compensatory afforestationlocated in village Mohal Ther, Mauza-Ghaniyara, Tehsil Dharamshala and District Kangra. The technical details of compensatory afforestation are given in Table 6.2. The amount is inclusive of the maintenance of the plantation for seven years. The rate of CA is Rs. 168882 /Ha .the land allotted for CA is 2.07310 Ha. So the total amount required for compensatory afforestation is Rs. 350110.00, as per the following technical specifications. The detail of compensatory afforestation is given in Annexue-6.1.

TABLE 6.2THE TECHNICAL DETAILS OF THE COMPANSATORY AFFORESTRATION

a) General details Area for compensatory Afforestration is 2.0731 ha.b) Spacing 2.5 m x2.5 mc) Species Ban, Deodar, Akhnor& Chil etcd) Plantation method By pits 30cm & 45 cme) Soil & moisture

conservation works Check dam/Retaining walls/Vegetative check dam

f) Protection (Fencing watch man, Peoples participation etc.)

Fencing watchman, people participation etc. and fencing 5 stand B/Wire interlacing with thorny bushes

g) Proposed monitoring Mechanism: Manually

Proper inspection of the area by field staff & officers of the department

h) Any other information

N.A.



b) Net present value

The net present value of the 1.6958 Ha of forest land diverted comes in Eco Value Class-V & the density of the approximately 0.5 which shows very dense forest. The document name (Revision of rates of NPV applicable for different class/category of forests- November 2014) was referred for calculating the NPV. The rate of NPV as per the decision of the supreme court of India, dated 23/03/2008.so the NPV value of 1.6958 Ha of forest land diverted is Rs. 1592356. The detail of Net Present Value (NPV) is given in Annexure 6.2.

The objective of the Forest management should be to develop natural areas in which ecological functions could be maintained on sustainable basis. The Department of Forests is responsible for the conservation, maintenance and management of trees/forests/wildlife in the project area for which a total amount of Rs 1942466.00 - (Nineteen lakh Forty-Two Thousand, Four Hundred and Sixty-Six rupees only) will be transferred to CAMPA Fund for forest land diversion from Forest as per the details described in Table 6.3.

TABLE 6.3DIVERSION OF LAND FROM FOREST DEPARTMENT

Sl No. Particulars Cost In Rs Remarks1. Raising and maintaining the

compensatory afforestation (CA) on 1.6958 Ha of degraded Forest Land

350110.00 DFO, DharmashalaFP/HP/OTHERS/17318/2015 dated 31.12.2015

2. Net Present Value of Forest Area diverted

1592356.00 The rate of NPV, as per the decision of the supreme court of India, dated 23/03/2008.

Total 1942466.00 Nineteen lakh Forty-Two Thousand, Four Hundred and Sixty-Six rupees only

6.3.2 Energy Conservation Measures

Energy conservation measures are often the easiest, quickest and cheapest way to reduce costs and implement environmentally pro-active energy conservation program both on energy demand and supply. The amount of energy used for lighting varies from industry to industry, but typically, lighting accounts for approximately 50% of the electrical load in office building. By having an understanding of the lamps, ballasts, luminaries and control options available today as well as the techniques used to develop efficient lighting, lighting can be produced that is energy efficient, cost effective and yields a high quality of light.

An improvement in lighting efficiency would be adopted in the building/ terminal stations with measures as:

� The most efficient lamp for the purpose, taking into account size, shape, colour and output of the lamp.

� The high-efficiency spectacular reflectors or high-efficiency luminaries. � Automatic control systems - installation of (a) timer circuits that switch lamps off

during room vacancy times, (b) photoelectric sensors that sense the amount of daylight in the room and either switch lamps on or off or adjust the lamp brightness accordingly and (c) occupancy sensors that switch lamps off when work stations are unoccupied.

� Localized switching - installing localized switches near work stations to control local lighting.



� Lighting design - (a) design lighting systems that maximize the use of daylight and (b) introducing local task lights (e.g. desks lights), allowing a reduction in general overhead lighting.

� Maintenance schedule - setting up a maintenance schedule to clean and replace lamps on a regular basis.

� Promoting employees awareness on energy conservation� Training staff on methods of energy conservation and to be vigilant to such

opportunities

6.3.3 Construction Material Management

The construction material to be used for construction of Ropeway are coarse aggregates, cement, coarse sand, reinforcement steel, structural steel, etc. The duties of the contractor will include monitoring all the aspects of construction activities like storing, loading&unloading of construction materials and equipment in order to maintain the quality of environment. During the construction period, the construction material storage site is to be regularly inspected for the presence of uncontrolled construction waste. Close liaison with the site in charge and the head of the construction crew will be required to address any environmental issues and to set up procedures for mitigating the impacts. The scheduling of material procurement and transport shall be linked with construction schedule of the projectThe Contractor shall be responsible for management of construction material during entire construction period of the project. Sufficient quantity of materials should be available before starting of an activity. The contractor should test all the materials in the Government laboratories or Government approved laboratories in order to ensure the quality of materials before construction. The quantity of construction material and machinery are discussed in Section 2.5 of Chapter 2.

6.3.4 Borrow area Management

No borrow land will be required for the project site development since cutting and fillingactivities will serve the purpose of of preparing the site. Following measures should be taken during cutting and filling:

� The outer layer of earth will be removed before cutting and filling operations.� The upper layer will be preserved for use after cutting and filling as layer for growing

vegetation and grass turfing.� The loose soil will be well compacted to avoid the soil erosion.

6.3.5 Provision for Green Building

In accordance with the GRIHA (version 2015) norms, the following measures shall be implemented to a feasible degree in the terminal and parking locations.

� Low impact design:• Control annual Heat Gain through favourable orientation and design of facades • Use of trees to control heat gain • Site planning according to contours • Site plan designed to preserve existing vegetation/ existing water bodies /other

topographical features like boulders etc. • Manage storm water on site through rain water harvesting

Mitigate heat island effect: building surface visible to sky is shaded by trees etc

Site imperviousness: Post-construction SWD is zero (ground water recharge)



Air and water pollution control during construction:

• Covering of fine aggregate and excavated earth on site with plastic/geotextile sheets Water sprinkling on fine aggregate (sand) and excavated earth All diesel gensets on site to have proper chimneys with their outlet facing away from the site

• Develop and implement a spill prevention plan (to control effects of spill from hazardous materials like bitumen, diesel etc.) on site

Preserve and protect landscape during construction:

Ensure that no existing mature tree is cut on site OR transplant mature trees within the site and ensure they survive OR Plant 3 trees for every 1 tree cut of the same native/naturalized species OR any combination of these for all mature trees on site

Preserve top soil during construction; maintain its fertility (during construction phase) and use for landscape post-construction

Construction management:

Adopt strategies to prevent/reduce movement of soil (not top soil) outside the site through adoption of various strategies (like soil erosion channels, sedimentation control etc.)

• Adopt strategies to manage water during construction Using gunny bags for curing and using ponding for curing Monitoring to avoid leaks and water wastage Use of additives to reduce water requirements during curing Use of treated waste water/captured storm water A construction waste management plan for segregation of construction waste, its safe storage and on-site/off-site recycling

Energy efficiency: Ensure outdoor lighting fixtures (lamps + lamp housing) meet the luminous efficacy requirements

Renewable energy utilization: On-site/Off-site renewable energy system installation to offset a part of the annual energy consumption of internal artificial lighting systems

Low ODP materials: Ensure use of materials in building insulation, refrigeration equipment and fire fighting systems with low ozone depleting potential.

Indoor comfort: The intent of this criterion is to ensure that the building spaces are designed to deliver visual, thermal and acoustical comfort to building occupants in terms of Shading of windows, daylight access, thermal comfort, indoor noise levels

Indoor Air Quality: To ensure design and monitoring of ventilation systems such that indoor air quality meets the minimum requirements, as recommended in the standards.

Low-VOC paints and adhesives: Promote use of low-VOC and lead-free interior paints as well as low-VOC adhesives and sealants in order to maintain good indoor air quality for the project occupants.



Reduce landscape water demand: Promote the planting of native/naturalized flora and use of water efficient irrigation system to reduce the demand for landscape water.

Water Quality: Ensuring quality of water available for use during building operation is important from two perspectives Overall hygiene for building occupants as well as longevity of plumbing systems. It is also important to ensure that the water being discharged from the site meets the relevant disposal norms. Water used for various purposes like drinking, irrigation etc. shall conform to the BIS standards

STP and Facilities for recycle /reuse of water: The provision of STP and Facilities for recycle /reuse of water are recommended where, total waste water generated is 10KLD orabove. However Sewer line is available about 10 m from the LTP and UPT. Therefore STP and recycle/reuse are not proposed.

Rainwater recharge: To promote the recharge of groundwater aquifers.

Sustainable building materials: To promote use BIS recommended wastes (such as fly ash, blast furnace slag etc.), having properties similar to conventional construction materials for building construction. These being low embodied energy materials as well as waste products, reduce the need for virgin materials in the building structure and help divert waste from landfills. If economical it shall be implemented.

Use of low environmental impact materials for interiors: To promote installation of low environmental impact materials in the building

Stones from India, Composite wood based products, manufactured products with at least 5% recycled content, products with water footprint (cradle to gate) analyzed and published as per ISO 14046, false ceilings/internal partitions/paneling/in-built furniture/flooring/internal door & window panels & frames.

Avoided post-construction landfill: To provide infrastructure to future occupants of the project so that they can sustainably manage on-site solid waste during operation phase.

Provide infrastructure (multi-coloured dustbins/different garbage chutes) to ensure segregation of waste at source

Provide dedicated, segregated and hygienic storage spaces in the project site to store different wastes before treatment /recycling

Provide contractual tie-ups with waste recyclers for safe recycling for recyclable wastes like metal, paper, plastic, glass etc.

Treat organic wastes on site: To promote recycling and reuse of organic waste on site. Implement strategies to treat all organic (kitchen and landscape) waste on-site and to convert it into a resource (manure, biogas etc).

The provision to treat organic wastes on site is recommended where total waste generated is 100 Kg/day or above. However arrangement is place with local municipal authority forcollecting and disposal waste to Dharamshala Landfill site, which is about 1.0 km away from LTP. Therefore treat organic wastes on site is not proposed.



Labour safety and sanitation: To ensure safe, healthy and hygienic working & living conditions for construction workers working in the project.

Ensure compliance with the NBC (2005) safety norms for providing the necessary safety equipment and measures for construction workers Mandatory Ensure provisions for drinking water, hygienic working & living conditions and sanitation

facilities shall be provided for the workers Mandatory Provide a crèche facility for children of construction workers

Design for universal accessibility: To promote adoption of measures in the project to make it universally accessible.

Compliance with National Building Code norms on Requirements for Planning of Public Buildings Meant for Use of Physically Challenged

Dedicated facilities for service staff: To promote provision of resting spaces and toilets dedicated for project s service staff.: resting rooms, toilets,

Increase in Environmental awareness: to create awareness on sustainability amongst the building users & visitors.

A provision for solar power system installation and rain water harvesting system is Rs. 20 lakhs and 5 lakhs respectively.

6.3.6 Rehabilitation and Resettlement of the Project

No resettlement and rehabilitation of specific population is required as the project has no direct adverse impacts on any pocket of population except a section of taxi and auto operators, who claims that their business may be affected when the ropeway shall be operational. No private land and property is acquired. No squatters, encroacher and kiosk have been found on the land identified for the proposed project purpose. So, the observation concludes no significant impacts on population in general.

6.3.6.1 Compensation for Land

No acquisition of private land for the proposed ropeway is identified. However, 1.69.58 ha forestland and 00.19.53 ha of government of Himachal Pradesh have been identified to be used for different purposes of the project such as upper terminal, towers and right of way. The land identified for these purposes shall be transferred to the government of Himachal Pradesh / Dharamshala Ropeway Limited. The compensation for land transfer shall be paid to the concerned department as per the existing rules for land value compensation of the Himachal Pradesh.

6.3.6.2 Compensation for House Building

No compensation shall be paid for any structures as no private structures are identified to be affected under the activities identified for the project. No structures were identified either on the forest or on the state government land.

6.3.6.3 Compensation for Crops

No agricultural land is being acquired, so no compensation is estimated to be paid for the purpose. However, in the project area the main crop is paddy / maize.



6.4 CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Construction of project involves transport of materials, construction of civil, mechanical and electrical works which are discussed in previous chapters for their quantity and impacts on environment. Negative impacts due to construction of the projects are mitigated by using available tools and techniques as discussed in following paragraphs.

6.4.1 Air Pollution & Dust Control measures

During construction period the impacts on air quality are mainly due to the material movement and the construction activities. Due to loading/unloading and stocking of construction material, the air quality in the immediate influence area will be affected and the pollution levels in ambient air would be increased, though, not in significant levels. The emissions from DG sets, construction equipment and vehicles may deteriorate the air qualityin the area. In order to reduce the dust emissions due to material transport and construction activities following measures need to be taken:

� Provisions will be made for sprinkling of water where earth filling and excavation is being carried out. It will be ensured that the construction debris is removed daily.

� Idling of delivery trucks or other equipment wherever useful will not be permitted during periods of unloading or when they are not in active use.

� Vehicles carrying construction material shall be covered to avoid spilling� Low emission construction equipments will be used wherever possible and all the

machineries/equipments used will adhere to the standard emission norms.� Water sprinkling at the construction site as per requirement� The work schedule and the operation time for construction machinery shall be

suitably modified and have limited construction activity to exercise a control on ambient air quality standards.

� All stationary machines / DG sets emitting the pollutants shall be inspected frequently for maintenance and should be fitted with exhaust pollution control devices.

� In no case, loose earth will be allowed to pile up along the approach roads.



� As soon as the construction activity is over the surplus earth should be utilized to fill up the low-lying areas, if any.

6.4.2 Noise Control Measures

Noise control measures is discussed in Section 5.5.1. The ropeway project is located in Reserved Forest and construction is at two terminals and at trestle locations. A temporary fencing at the two terminals and at trestle locations will be made prior to start of construction work. The fencing will be such that it act as noise barrier also so that impact on wildlife would be minimized. This measure is in addition to the use of low noise construction equipment and machinery.

6.4.3 Water Supply and Sanitation

About 100 workers will be working at site during peak construction. Water demand during construction for labours is estimated about 4.5 KLD which will be supplied from existing water supply source line of the HPIPH, which is10m away from LTP and UTP. The Waste water generated will be 3.6 KLD. This waste water will be managed by providing sanitation facility at lower and upper terminal by joining the existing Sewer Line, which is10m away from LTP and UTP. In addition to this, mobile toilet facility will be provided for the labour working in the ropeway corridor for construction of trestles and erectioning of ropeways. The estimated cost towards water supply and sanitation facilities during construction phase is estimated as Rs 5.00 Lakhs.

6.4.4 Oil Spill control/Management

During construction and operation of project, vehicles and equipments generate oil waste,which are likely to spoil the natural environment. These oil spills may enter in the runoff, which ultimately contaminate the soil and natural drains. To control the oil spill during construction stage of the project following measures should be taken:

� Good housekeeping� Routine checkup of construction machineries and equipments� Temporary cement/metal platform will be provided below the construction

machineries and at maintenance site to capture the spill.� These platforms should be at sufficient height to avoid the littering� Conducting routine inspections to ensure proper functioning of machineries/

equipments.� Oil and grease removal trap will be provided for a cost of Rs 2.5 Lakhs.

6.4.5 Solid Waste Management

Solid Waste / Refuse include many different substances such as garbage, rubbish, sweepings and food waste. Health problem may arise since some of the refuse is attractive to insects and rodents. Refuse disposal program should include storage, collection and disposal. Solid waste generated during construction will be 10.0 Kg/day. The solid waste generated shall have adequate collection, conveyance and disposal facilities and will be disposed along with existing collection and disposal system of Dhraramshla MunicipalCorporation Disposal Site. The prhotograph of disposal system and disposal site are given at Figure 6.1 and 6.2.



FIGURE 6.1SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SYSYTEM OF DHARAMSHALA

FIGURE 6.2SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SITE OF DHARAMSHALA

Collection containers of about 20 liters capacity fitted with side handles to facilitate handling shall be provided. The location of placing the containers shall be such that it is convenient for labor to use them. To avoid odour and accumulation of fly-supporting materials, waste containers should be washed at frequent intervals. Following measures shall be adopted for management of solid waste:

� Inorganic waste shall be segregated and kept in different heaps as far as possible so that their further gradation and reuse is facilitated.



� Material which can be recycled and reused for the purpose of construction shall be kept in separate heaps from those, which are to be sold or disposed off.

� Clearly label all such waste containers with the waste being stored and the date of generation.

� Educate employees and sub-contractors on waste storage and disposal procedures.

The collection, segregation and disposal of solid waste generated during construction will be managed by putting a system in place for which a provision of Rs 10 Lakhs is kept.

6.4.6 First Aid Health System

Health problems of the workers should be taken care of by providing basic health care facilities. All necessary first aid and medical facilities will be provided to the workers. The provision and maintenance of suitably equipped first aid facility throughout the extent of the works has to be borne by the contractor who shall be responsible for welfare arrangements and requirements to the satisfaction of the Supervision Consultant and Site Engineer.

6.4.7 Training

The training programmes need to be conducted for officers of project developer and contractors. These programmes should also be extended for the workers for their active participation in the project implementation. Apart from training, such programmes should include guidelines for safety, measures of disaster prevention, action required in case of emergency, fire protection, environmental risk etc. The cost involved for such a programme is presented in Table 6.4.

TABLE 6.4COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING PROGRAMMES

Sr. No. ITEM COST (Rs)1 15 days training during construction period 1,50,0002 Demonstration/presentation aids 25,0003 Transportation and Miscellaneous 25,000

TOTAL 2,00,000

6.4.8 Soil Erosion Control

The cutting and filling operations may lead to erosion due to loosening of topsoil. The excavation of construction materials may alter the topography and may also lead to soil erosion. Temporary erosion/sedimentation and pollution control measures will be used to control the phenomenon of erosion, sedimentation and pollution that may develop during normal construction practices. The soil erosion at construction site can be minimized by following measures:

� Construction will not be carried out during monsoon.� Erosion control measures such as ramming of topsoil immediately after the

excavation and provision of silt control measures to minimize soil erosion. � Ensure that no soil is left unconsolidated before completion of work at the site. � Construction material shall be procured from the licensed material supplier.� The excavated earth debris will be transported immediately to the disposal site and

no accumulation shall be allowed at construction site.� Soil erosion can also be controlled by efficient storm water management.



6.5 OPERATION STAGE

6.5.1 Air Pollution Control

During Operation Phase, the major sources of air pollution are from DG sets and vehicular movement. Control measures to reduce the pollutant emissions from vehicular movement and DG sets are as follows.

� Greenbelt is one of the preferred methods to mitigate air pollution. Plants serve as a sink for pollutants, act as a barrier to break the wind speed as well as allow the dust and other particulates to settle out there. It also helps to reduce the noise level to some extent. The project site Reserved Forest which is having good plantations/vegetations.

� Good quality fuel with low sulphur content should be used in DG sets.� Periodic maintenance of DG sets as per defined schedule of manufacturer.� These DG Sets shall be provided with stack having recommended height.

6.5.2 Water Supply and Sanitation

During operation of the Ropeway project the water requirement for staff, security and passenger would be 87.0 KLD which will be supplied through HPIPH. A provision of Rs15.00 Lakh will be required towards development of water supply system. The wastewater generation from all the activities during operation phase shall be 69.6 KLD.

This waste water will be managed by providing sanitation facility at lower and upper terminal by joining the existing Sewer Line, which is10m away from LTP and UTP.

6.5.3 Solid waste disposal

The solid waste generated will be 210.0 kg per day. The solid waste will be managed systematically and scientifically through Solid Waste Management system. As per the anticipated activities, no hazardous waste will be generated due to operation of ropeway and tourism facilities.

The solid waste generated shall have adequate collection, conveyance and disposal facilities and will be disposed along with existing collection and disposal system of Dhraramshla Municipal Corporation Disposal Site.

The collection, segregation and disposal of solid waste generated during construction will be managed by putting a system in place for which a provision of Rs 20 Lakhs is kept.

6.5.4 First Aid Health System

All necessary first aid and medical facilities will be provided at Lower and Upper terminals. The provision and maintenance of suitably equipped first aid facility has to be borne by the Dharamshala Ropeway Limited.

6.5.5 Green Belt

The greenbelt will be developed around the terminal buildings which not only functions as landscape but also acts as pollution sink / noise barrier. In addition to augmenting present vegetation, it will also check soil erosion, make the ecosystem more diversified and functionally more stable, make the climate more conducive and restore balance. A provision for green belt at lower and upper terminal is kept Rs. 1.0 Lakhs.



6.5.6 Community Development Program (CDP)

The project uses land and people of the local society. It affects the availability of local resources. In response to that provide employment to the people living in the project area. However many are left out and could avail the benefits extended to the local groups by the project proponent. Keeping in view the social dimensions of the project, a comprehensive Community Development Program (CDP) has been envisaged for the project as described below.

Objectives of the CDP

The basic objectives of the program shall be:

• Generate a sense of affinity and own ness, not alienation, among the people living within the project area.

• Initiate changes that are made and perceived for betterment of the area and the society.

• Special support shall be extended in up gradation of infrastructure, if required.

• Focus on weaker section, old aged and women of the society and gender equality.

• Acknowledge constructive role of the local population through improving education imparting.

• Involve local groups in the CDP so as to ensure acceptability of the project.

• Ensure the participation of the local people at every stage from planning through implementation and to keep them abreast, educated and informed about the program.

Methodology

The CDP shall aim to have a specific community development program for the project-affected area, in which the following steps shall be involved:

• Identification of People Requires Need: For the purpose of extending benefit of CDP, identify people those who wants help to grow.

•• Establishment of participative mechanisms : The in-charge of the project shall

identify the people/families and discuss their individual requirements and plan a support mechanism for assistance, motivate and facilitate in consultation of advisory nominated of two members- one each women member of the local administration and on by the project authorities.

Proposed Works under CDP : Based on the individual need in the project area, Consultant has identified few area of thrust that can improve the condition of the project area as well as the people. The identified area will improve the capacity of people for livelihood earnings and develop the infrastructure for better living in the region.

Livelihood Enhancement Works: Depending upon the needs, plantation of the medicinal plants could be undertaken in collaboration with the concerned department to enhance livelihood earning and make people competent, if anyone found to get the support for such



plantations within the passage of the RoW. The need shall be assessed by the committee constituted for the works. Once the committee finds it essential, the plan shall be discussed with beneficiaries and accordingly support shall be decided.

• Horticulture and Medicinal Plants: The works under this sub-head shall be support for growing fruit trees and medicinal plants.

A budgetary provision of Rs. 1.50 Lakhs shall be made available for this purpose.

Gender Support: Women folk shall be kept in the center stage in program implementation so that they can play an active role in socio-economic development of the area. The committee constituted in consultation with the beneficiaries shall identify the requirements of the gender issues. The group shall plan and estimate budget for parts of the works. Anestimated budgetary provision of Rs. 1.00 lakh shall be made for this purpose.

Infrastructure Development Support: Works like toilet, approach road to the human settlements, renovation for community-building etc. shall come under this head and an estimated budgetary provision of Rs. 12.50 lakhs has been kept for this head. The constituted committee in consultations with the beneficiaries shall decide the plan and estimates for the works. The budget allocated for this head shall be used to benefits maximum populations within the project impacts area.

Education Assistance: Education is important to the local society and it plays an important role in capacity building for the people. If younger generation gets education, it will supply skilled and educated manpower to the economy growth and also earn employment for own in better ways. A provision of Rs. 5.00 lakhs has been made for education assistance program. The budget shall be used to upgrade school building, class room materials, support to attract children to the class room and reduce lack luster condition of the class room. The constituted committee shall decide the plan and cost in consultations with beneficiaries.

CDP COST ESTIMATE: The estimated budget for livelihood enhancement works, gender support, infrastructure development support, education assistance under community development program is kept Rs. 20.00 Lakhs (Rs. Twenty Lakhs Only). The amount shall be used through need assessment and requirement basis.

6.6 EPILOGUE

After incorporation of environmental management plans, the environmental sustainability will be further improved. In a nutshell, it could be concluded that the project is environmentally sustainable and eco-friendly. The most of the mitigation measures for the construction phase impacts will form the part of tender documents. The responsibility for their compliance thus would be binding for the prospective contractor as per the contract condition. The overall responsibility for implementation and monitoring of mitigation measures will, however, rest with the Project Implementation Unit (PIU). Risk Analysis and Disaster Management Plan for safe operation of Ropeway will be suggested in the subsequent chapter.

*****


Risk Assessment and Mitigation Measure Page 7.1

CHAPTER 7RISK ASSESSMENTAND MITIGATION MEASURE

7.1 GENERAL

A methodology is developed to determine the nature and extent of risk by analyzing potential hazards and evaluating existing conditions of vulnerability that could pose a potential threat or harm to people, property, livelihoods and the environment on which they depend. Risk assessments include detailed Quantitative and Qualitative understanding of risk, its physical, social, economic and environmental factors and consequences. It is a necessary first step for any serious consideration of disaster reduction strategies.

Risk assessment encompasses the systematic use of available information to determine the likelihood of certain events occurring and the magnitude of their possible consequences. As a process, it is generally agreed that it includes:

� Identifying the nature, location, intensity and probability of a threat;� Determining the existence and degree of vulnerabilities and exposure to those threats;� Identifying the capacities and resources available to address or manage threats; and� Determining acceptable levels of risk.

7.2 RISK

Risk is the probability that a substance or situation will produce harm under specified condition. Risk may be defined as:

� The probability of an event to occur � The probability of a toxic substance to be released by an event. � The probability of the adverse effects due to exposure of individual population, eco

system or other factors to the harmful substance or material.

7.2.1 Risk Assessment

It is Quantitative or Qualitative analysis of the hazard and risk. It estimates the severity and likelihood of harm to any human life and the environment.

Risk assessment is the use of the factual base to define health effects of exposure of individual or population to hazard material and situations. It is the identification of main hazard and unsafe practices in Ropeway and required preventive or remedial action. Risk Assessment framework are given in the Figure 7.1

� Assessment of Structure (geographical/functional/process/flow)� Identify Hazards and Risk based on information collected� To monitor and audit management policies, procedures and performance to secure

safety in work place� Requirement of safety legislation and guidance� Preparation of safety policies� To identify potential problems� To investigate accidents� Record the assessment � Measurement the effectiveness of action � To prevent undesired accidents� To prepare reports� Monitor and Review the program of Risk assessment



FIGURE 7.1RISK ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK

RISK Estimation RISK Evaluation

RISK Identification

� Physical � Psychological� Social

Public Preferences

� Revealed� Expressed

Risk Quantification

� Planned Operation� Unplanned Operation

Formal Analysis

� Decision� Cost Benefit� Utility Theory

Political

Historical

Background

Risk Management Strategies

Risk Management



7.2.2 Risk Characteristics

It includes the estimation of health risk associated with the process under investigation. The result of this characteristic is a number that represents the probability of adverse health effects from that accident or operation of Ropeway.

7.2.3 Risk Management

Risk management uses information from risk identification and risk assessment along with the information of technical resources, social economic value and information to reduce and control any identified hazard. It also involves design and implementation of policies and strategies resulting from decision making process.

7.2.4 Risk Communication

Risk communication is the exchange of information between the general public and the concerned authority about the risk perceived and to reduce, control, and prevent accident. Risk communication can be done with the detailed information detail information of the assessed risk which is documented and forwarded to staff and responsible person. Signs and symbols can be put up to prevent illegal entry into unsafe areas.

7.2.5 Risk Assessment Methodology

Risk assessment is an appraisal of both the kinds and degree of threat posed by an environmental hazard. Such appraisal includes the recognition of hazard, the measurement of threat and understanding of the social meaning of such measurements. There is a need for preliminary practice of hazard identification before more and detailed appraisal takes place. There is also a need to broaden the concept to estimate and evaluate. The estimates of the likelihood of risk may relate to an event, to its consequences or both. Risk estimation may include quantified estimates of probability or non quantified probabilistic estimates and these may reveal intuited or exploited from experience. Social evaluation of risk may seek to avoid some risk at all cost, balance (benefit-risk) and with other cost (Cost - Benefit). The five stages of Risk Assessment are given in the Figure 7.2.

FIGURE 7.2THE FIVE STAGES OF RISK ASSESSMENT

Hazard Identification

Consequence analysis Frequency analysis

Risk Evaluation

Acceptance criteria



• Hazard

A hazard is defined as a "Condition, event, or circumstance that could lead to or contribute to an unplanned or undesirable event." Seldom does a single hazard cause an accident. More often, an accident occurs as the result of a sequence of causes. A hazard analysis will consider system state for its failures or malfunctions.

Nature has gifted human beings with power and means to negotiate distances and heights. Machines made their task easy and fast. Aerial ropeway is one such exclusive and simple mechanical system, which facilitates transport of man and material over difficult and abnormal terrain bringing about comparative ease and economy vis-à-vis other means of transport

• Hazard Identification

Hazard identification and risk assessment is a continual process. It is performed to identify whatever could cause injury, damage, ill-health, financial loss and loss of reputation to the organization. Hazard identification is an analysis to determine whether a risk agent under plausible conditions would cause harm to population or the environment. Hazard identification is an analysis which is in many ways a detailed study of operations and process, epidemiology, ergonomics. Hazard identification and risk assessment (HIRA) Objectives are to,

� Identify any thing that may cause injury, damage, ill-health]

� Prioritize the risks in terms of urgency of required attentions

� Discover preventive or mitigating actions that can be taken in each case

� Create awareness in all concerned in each and every factor and activity that may cause injury damage or ill health

� Enhance decision making by brining all concerned and effected parties into the HIRA process

� Encourage employees to take ownership of their own safety in terms of recognizing and reporting hazards and participating in the discovery and implementations of the solutions that will prevent incidents or mitigate the consequence

� Build a team approach to Safety Health and Environment Management

• Risk Assessment

Determine which hazards are more serious than others, so you can start dealing with those ones first. To assess the risk associated with hazards you have identified, ask the following questions:

� How likely is the hazard to cause harm to someone?

� What is the worst possible damage the hazard could cause in terms of human suffering and cost if you don't resolve the problem?

� How many people are exposed to the risk? Sometimes it may be the amount of time workers spend on an activity that creates the safety risk, rather than the nature of the work task itself. Everyone is different. A hazard may also pose



more risk to some people more than others because of differences in physical strength, experience, training etc.

• Risk Control

� Identify the underlying cause of hazards and put measures in place to prevent a recurrence of the risk

� Focus attention on the most urgent hazards, priorities the hazards using the risk management matrix, understanding that some methods are more effective than others. Use the highest-ranked control that is practicable for controlling risk, and only use the lower-ranked controls as a last resort or until a more effective way of controlling risk can be used. More than one control measure can be used to reduce the exposure to hazards, which are follows

�Eliminate the hazard

�Substitute the hazard with a safer alternative

�Isolate the hazard

�Use engineering controls

�Use administrative controls

�Use personal protective clothing and equipment (PPCE)

• Review/Monitor-Evaluate the Results

Review your safety solutions regularly to make sure they are effective, and making sure your controls do not introduce new hazards. To assess the success of your risk control methods:

� Talk to the people involved and look at your centre injury/accident records.

� Seek advice from those affected by the changes and consult with them Regarding any modifications

� Consider staff training needs, communicate with employers, managers, contractors and workers work together as all parties in the workplace havea legal responsibility for workplace health and safety

Risk assessment involves comparing likely exposure with likely effects. Both distributions are represented hypothetically as symmetrical BUT THEY NEED NOT BE SO. Precise probability effects could in principle, be computed from the extent of overlap of distribution. The main reason to specify risk is that they can be managed. From the prospective of environment risk assessment, decisions have to be taken about what to protect prior to an assessment being carried out. Decisions have to be taken about to what level protection will be exercised so that appropriate threshold levels can be defined. Management often involves balancing the advantages to the environment and human health by different options and with their consequences for other social benefits. The significant point is that risk is a function of two parameters; the likelihood of an occurrence of undesired event and its consequences. The procedure for Risk Assessment is given in the Figure 7.3.

Risk = f (Frequency x consequences)



FIGURE 7.3PROCEDURE FOR A RISK ASSESSMENT


Describe the System

Estimate Frequencies and Consequences of Hazards

Evaluate the Risk from Hazard

Evaluate Risk Levels against criteria

Sensitivity Analysis

Modify the System to reduce Risk

Scope of Analysis

Quantified Risk Assessment

Final Decision

Implement the Decision

Other Factors

Risk Criteria

Identify Scenarios



7.2.6 Safeguarding of passengers and personnel risk assessment methodology

For new installations or relocations, a risk assessment shall be performed. The risk assessment shall take into account the stage of development, intended use of the Passenger Ropeway, anticipated skill and training of personnel, additional risk exposure and reasonably foreseeable events or misuse. A number of methodologies are available to do a risk assessment. Any method is acceptable which prescribes safeguarding equivalent to or more stringent than the requirements of this annex. The risk assessment process shall be instituted during the system planning/design phase and continue throughout the system construction, operation, and decommissioning. The risk assessment process shall emphasize the prevention of accidents by resolving hazards in a systematic manner as described below.

The hazard resolution process shall be initiated by defining the physical and functional characteristics of the Passenger Ropeway system to be analyzed. These characteristics shall be presented in terms of the people, procedures, facilities and equipment which are integrated to perform a specific operational task or function within a specific environment.

The hazards shall be identified. The techniques and methods used to identify the hazards shallinclude:

(1) Data from previous accidents or operating experience(2) Expert opinion and hazard scenarios(3) Checklists of potential hazards(4) Previous hazard analyses(5) Other analysis techniques as appropriate

All identified hazards shall be assessed in terms of the severity or consequence of the hazard and the probability of occurrence. This shall be accomplished in general accordance with the criteria outlined herein or equivalent.

Risk assessment estimates shall be used as the basis in the decision-making process to determine whether individual system or subsystem hazards shall be eliminated, mitigated, or accepted. Hazards shall be resolved through a design process that emphasizes the elimination of the hazard. For all other hazard resolution strategies, or safeguards, the following hierarchy of controls shall be employed, in order of effectiveness (most to least);

(1) Design by hazard elimination or substitution(2) Engineered Safeguards(3) Awareness means(4) Administrative controls (Training and Procedures)(5) Personal Protective Equipment(6) Acceptance of the residual risk / Information for use concerning the residual risk

This process shall include full documentation of the hazard resolution activities. The effectiveness of the safeguards shall be monitored to determine that no new hazards are introduced. In addition, whenever substantive changes are made to the system, analyses shall be conducted to identify and resolve any new hazards introduced.

Where risk mitigation techniques and safeguarding methods are previously prescribed by various sections in this standard, the risk assessment shall serve as a method for determining suitable application according to the hierarchy of controls as well as functional safety circuit performance requirements as applicable. This method may be utilized to assess the applicability of a safeguard according to variable conditions or characteristics for a particular application which is shown in Figure 7.4.



FIGURE 7.4RISK ASSESSMENT FLOW CHART FOR LIMITS OF PASSENGER ROPEWAY INSTALLATION

Determination the Limits of the Passenger Ropeway Installation


Risk Estimation

Yes End Is Risk Acceptable?

No

Yes

No

7.3 FIVE MAJOR PROBLEMS IN USE OF WIRE ROPES

� Unsafe: Wire breakage accidents caused by strength loss always exist in the use of wire ropes. According to survey conducted by USA authority organization, 12% in-service wire ropes in 8,000 wire rope users are in extremely dangerous situation.

� Diseconomy: Regular replacement of wire ropes causes huge waste. The statistics from USA indicates that 70% of those compulsively replaced wire ropes have just little strength loss.

� Inefficiency: Traditional visual inspection method costs more time and labor, and low efficiency.

Or Go to Next Hazard

Apply Risk Mitigation Technique

Is Risk Mitigated /Safety related control function?

Estimated Residual Risk

Specify Safety Related Control Function with appropriate Risk Reduction Level



� Unreliable: Manual inspection is not reliable and many hidden dangers cannot be detected.

� Serious danger: Serious wire breakage accident inevitably caused serious damage. According to statistics of State Administration Bureau of Safety Production Supervision China, there were 1065 accidents related to wire rope breakage in Chinese coal mine industry in year 2004 and 2005, causing 1142 persons dead. The most serious accident caused 14 persons dead and 5 seriously wounded.

7.4 IDENTIFIED HAZARD

1. Cable slips out of the rails at the tower from the upper station can cause the carriages to be knocked off. The accidents take place due to negligence.

2. Cabin loses its hold with the cable and collided with the another one cabin of ropeway car and hit another on the way,

3. Hill collapses midway and trolleys are dangling in the air.

4. Power system failure

5. Collision with entering station: operator fails to slow the vehicle down upon entering the station which causes collision of the ropeway car at the entering station

6. Holding capacity of Soil/Geology

7. Flood

8. Soil Erosion

9. Earthquake

10. Landslide

Figure 7.5, Pie chart showing probable percentage causes of accident in Ropeway.

FIGURE 7.5PROBABLE PERCENTAGE CAUSES OF ACCIDENT IN ROPEWAY

12%

8%

8%

37%

12%

15%

8%Cable slipped out of the rails

Cabin lost its hold with the cable

Hill collapsed midway and trolleys

Snapping of Rope wire

Power system failure

Collision with entering station:

Holding capacity of soil/Geology



7.5 CONSEQUENCES AND FREQUENCY ANALYSIS

Cause of Hazard Consequences Frequency (Probable Percentage)

Cable slipped Passenger death and material fall down 12

Cabin lost its hold with the cable

Passenger death and material fall down 8

Hill collapsedEntire system fail and higher percentage of death

8

Snapping of Rope wire Passenger death, and material fall down 37

Power system failure Delay in operation 12Collision with entering station Small injury 15

Holding capacity of soil/Geology

Tower collapse & passenger death/Material fall

8

100

7.6 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

In a regulatory context requirements for acceptance criteria are usually kept very general. Basically, there are only qualitative definitions of the risk acceptability limit such as:

� The industrial activity should not impose any risks which can be reasonably avoided,� The costs of avoiding risks should not be disproportionate to the benefits,� The risks of catastrophic accidents should be a small in proportion of the total.

Risk contains, by definition, both the Probability of Failure (PoF) and Consequence of Failure (CoF) aspects. For the regulatory perspective the introduction of the consequence element enables a risk-based inspection or maintenance procedure to get acceptance by the authorities.

Cause of Hazard Acceptance CriteriaCable slipped High RiskCabin lost its hold with the cable High RiskHill collapsed High RiskSnapping of Rope wire High RiskPower system failure Low RiskCollision with entering station Low RiskHolding capacity of soil/Geology High Risk

A. Individual Risk

A formal definition of Individual Risk is expressed as the frequency at which an individual may be expected to sustain a given level of harm from the realization of specific hazards. It is usually taken to be the risk of death, and normally expressed as risk per year.



Individual Risk is the risk experienced by a single individual in a given time period. It reflects the severity of hazards and the amount of time the individual is in proximity to them. There are typically three different types of Individual Risks:

� Location-Specific Individual Risk (LSIR):Risk for an individual who is present at a particular location 24 hours a day, and 365 days a year. LSIR is not a realistic risk as the individual does not usually remain at the same location all the time and is not exposed to the same risk all the time.

� Individual-Specific Individual Risk (ISIR): Risk for an individual who is present at different locations during different periods.ISIR is more realistic than LSIR.

� Average Individual Risk (AIR):AIR is calculated from historical data a number of fatalities per year divided by the number of people at risk.

Individual Risks are also commonly expressed by means of the Fatal Accident Rate (FAR), which is the number of fatalities per 108 hours of exposure. FARs are typically in the range from 1 to 30, and are more convenient and more readily understandable than Individual Risks per year.

B. Societal Risk

A formal definition of the Societal Risk is given in as the frequency and the number of people suffering a given level of harm from the realisation of specified hazards. It usually refers to the risk of death, and expressed as risk per year.

This expression of risk is useful to limit the risks of catastrophes affecting many people at one time. Societal risks may be expressed as risk per year.

C. Area Risk

A third often-used measure of risk is the Area Risk. This measure is very useful when more than one source contribute to the overall risk of certain geographical area.

D. Environmental Risk

Environmental Risk includes short term and long-term effects to the biosphere. Here the affected area in m² (soil, ground and surface water) or the amount of released dangerous substances to the environment per year can be an adequate measure. Due to the fact that there are also financial aspects linked to the environmental risk, which can be measured inmoney (like cleanup costs, penalties, negative media publicity, etc.), these are best covered when evaluating the Economic Risk.

7.7 MITIGATION MEASURES

7.7.1 Design Verification

Aerial ropeways drawings are to be submitted to a recognized design verifier, before fabrication, construction, inspection, testing and certification. Design verifier may be an accredited inspection body, or, in-house recognized ISO 9001 designer s quality management system. These inspected drawings will include:

� Profiles of installation, specification particulars sheet, and rope specification details;� Dimensioned drawings of main structural towers to show construction of top and bottom

terminals, bull wheels, sheave batteries and tensioning arrangements; � Calculations for stress analysis of critical parts of the structure, showing magnitude and

direction of rope forces on all towers at the top and bottom terminal structures



supporting the ropeway. The various individual loading conditions and factors from which, the rope forces are derived and identified; and

� Design checks are carried out by recognized design verifiers are of structures and equipment supporting the loads imposed by the ropeway system, e.g. terminal station sheaves and support structures, towers, sheave batteries, and are in terms of factors of safety.

7.7.2 Acceptance

While starting operation of a passenger ropeway is placed in, it shall be subjected to commissioning inspection and testing. Thorough tests shall be made under loadings which provide the most unfavorable conditions, where practicable. This shall include an operational check of motive power, acceleration, deceleration, all brakes, all push-button stops, and all automatic stops and limit switches, and all communication devices. Prior to acceptance tests the passenger ropeway shall be run for a full day, and checked for overheating of moving parts, excessive vibration or deflection, free movement of counterweights, etc.

7.7.3 Materials

Choice, quality testing, and use of materials for aerial ropeways shall be in accordance with the appropriate Bureau of Indian Standard, noting that for load-bearing parts, including towers, and drive and return terminal structures, the materials are to comply with the low temperature impact properties for the minimum operating ambient site temperature. The design, details, materials and construction features shall provide safety factors at least equivalent to those specified of Indian Standard. The ropes used shall conform to the relevant Indian Standards.(IS 7649)

As far as possible, all wire ropes shall be in single piece and of non-rotating construction.Welded joints in the rope shall be spaced at least 6 times the pitch of the wire and their number in 500 m length shall not exceed the number of wires in the wire rope.

7.7.4 Foundation of Towers

The foundations of either tensioning devices or those of the anchorage shall be either ashallow foundation or deep foundation or founded on rock anchors. These foundations shallbe in accordance with IS 4091. For the structural safety against sliding, overturning andfor the footings at different levels provisions lay down in IS: 1904 shall apply. The depth offootings and other provisions shall conform to the provisions laid down in the relevant IndianStandards depending on the type of foundation. [Refer IS 1904, IS 1080, IS 2950, IS 11089,IS 9456, IS 2911 (Part 1/Sec 1), IS 2911 (Part 1/Sec 2), IS 2911 (Part 1/Sec 3), IS 2911 (Part1/Sec 4), IS 2911 (Part 3)] These foundations shall be in accordance with Code of Practice forDesign and Construction of Foundations for Transmission lines Towers and Poles IS 4091. For the structural safety against sliding, overturning and for the footings at different levels provisions lay down in IS 1904 shall apply.

Construction of structures be avoided on the steep and dip slopes. Light structures are preferable where the structure will be founded on cohesion less material or in highly weathered foundation rock. Weathered/shear portion be removed and treated by use of a thick mat of rein-forced concrete or by providing thick cement base on fresh surface. Construction of civil structures be avoided where water zones are available in the bed rock within foundation level. In loose soil, exposed on steep slopes, structures be avoided and if un-avoidable, deep foundation with protective works and drainage network is suggested. Easing of slopes, with proper grading and buttress walls are also recommended. Constructions of big buildings are preferable where topographic slopes would not exceed 250 Plate load tests are suggested to ascertain the amount and type of settlement where heavy structures are to be constructed.



7.7.5 Maximum Speed and Minimum Spacing between Cabin

The maximum speed of the Cabin at the station shall not be more than 1.5 m/s. The maximumspeed of the Cabins along the line may reach 5 m/s provided that the variation of speed onaccount of the requirements of route alignment of the ropeways between two terminals. This will not give rise to dangerous oscillations of Cabins.

In order to ensure the free movement of passengers and personnel in the station, the sideclearance between the spaces occupied by a Cabin and fixed obstacles belonging to theinstallation shall not be less than 0.40 m measured towards the interior of the line.

Such clearance shall be 0.5 m measured towards the outside of the line. In case there are noguides for Cabin, such clearance shall be maintained even when the vehicle is inclined transversally at 12°.

Along the line the distance between the two paths of travel of the carrying-hauling rope shallbe such as to ensure a clearance of at least 0.5 m between Cabins swung by 12° towards oneanother. Such clearance shall be required for spans having a length of not more than 200 m. For longer spans; the clearance shall be increased by 0.20 m for each additional 100 m or fraction thereof.

A minimum clearance of 0.30 m between the space occupied by a loaded vehicle swunglongitudinally by 15° and obstacles lying on the vertical longitudinal plane shall be ensured either along the line or in the stations.

7.7.6 Wind Effects

The wind forces and their effects (static and dynamic) should be taken into account whendesigning ropeways. The provisions mentioned in IS 875 (part 3), IS 802 (Part 1) - shall befollowed. The ropeway design shall also consider seismic loads in accordance with IS 1893.In addition, other special loads in accordance with IS 875 (part 5) shall also be considered while designing ropeway. The trestle shall be analyzed and designed for various loadcombinations as per IS: 802

In areas subjected to storms and where the wind velocity exceeds frequently 150 km/h, it isnecessary to assume the pressure of the wind as the maximum value ascertained in the area taken into consideration.

The tubes used in the hangers shall have no longitudinal welds and preferably seamless.Their interior shall be protected against corrosion. If welded tubes are used, welding should be checked by Non-Destructive Testing (NDT).

Aerial ropeways shall be closed down when the wind velocity reaches the design limit values, as agreed by the design verifier, the lift manufacturer and the lift controller, for the particular operating conditions and particular lift installation. For this purpose, suitable wind gauges like anemometer shall be installed at appropriate locations to ascertain wind velocity.

7.7.7 Inspection and Testing of Aerial Ropeways

The inspection and testing of an aerial ropeway shall include the following:

� Visual examination of towers and machinery, for workmanship and correct installation in accordance with plans and specifications;



� The operation of the ropeway for a full day continuously to check for overheating of moving parts, excessive vibration or deflection of mechanical or structural components, free movement of tensioning system, etc.;

� Checking of operational controls for correct functioning, including manually operated stop switches, automatic stop switches, limit switches, de-ropement switches, brakes, antiroll back devices, over speed governor, under main and auxiliary power;

� Thorough operating tests under full load and any partial loading which may provide the most adverse operating system.

7.8 RULES OF PRACTICE FOR PASSENGER ROPEWAYS

Conditions In Terms of Load

� Overload tests on service brake, emergency brake and drive equipment simulating 10% overload conditions;

� Tests to establish the ability of the prime mover to start the ropeway under the most unfavorable loading conditions in main and auxiliary power;

� Check of all communication and alarm devices;� Unless previous tests are documented, chairs and cabins, together with hangers, shall be

tested as a unit with weight equal to twice their passenger-carrying capacity. While the weights are in place, all attachments to the chairs or cabins under tension shall be proven safe. The mass of a passenger shall be taken 80Kg.

� Any other tests which the inspection body may consider necessary, or the manufacturer recommends; and

� Record of all tests and inspections shall be maintained.

The manufacturer or the designer shall submit a complete schedule of all proposed acceptance tests to the design verifier before such tests are performed. This schedule shall then be forwarded to the equipment inspector attending the commissioning.

In the event of disputes over testing requirements, reference shall be made to Occupational Safety and Health. Inspections of a passenger ropeway will take place during its construction and periodically throughout its lifecycle regardless of when the inspection occurs.

Safety Officers may use the following tools:

� Helmet,� Hand tachometer,� Level,� Digital camera,� Dynamometer,� Stop watch,� Inclinometer (to measure angles of slopes), and

The Safety Officers use above tools during the operational inspection and testing of passenger ropeways. Approved fall arrest equipment (Zula) is mandatory when Safety Officers are climbing towers and onto the passenger ropeway station.

Suggested test: The following parts should undergo test

Loading test, Main drive, Rollback, Brake performance, Service brake, Emergency brake,Auxiliary drive, Emergency drive, Unload carriers: Demonstration of evacuation system.



7.9 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCEOF ROPEWAY

All equipment covered by BIS Code of Practice shall be maintained in a safe condition. A systematic routine maintenance and inspection schedule, based on a maintenance and inspection plan, which shall be specified by the designer shall be developed and set down in writing by the manufacturer of the passenger ropeway.

The schedule shall include the specification of lubricant and frequency of lubrication of each element involving moving parts. It shall stipulate that parts showing excessive wear shall be replaced immediately. Condemning limits or tolerances shall be defined. It shall include a schedule for checking and tightening all bolts, especially on rope attachments. For any passenger ropeway, records of the rates of deterioration (such as corrosion, erosion, etc.) shall be maintained. During a periodic inspection (Monthly), a Safety Officer appointed by operators of ropeway may inspect towers, sheave assemblies, brakes and braking functions, and the operation of main drives, auxiliary drives, and evacuation drives. Periodic inspections will take place at any time of the year. Although these will occur during the ski season while the ropeway is in operation, inspections can also take place before the winter months. Safety Officers can conduct more inspections when the ropeway are not in operation or open to the public. This would include riding the maintenance-work carrier to check the towers on the line. The fuel supply for IC engines shall be checked regularly as appropriate for the fuel tank size and the usage. For primary power units, there shall be sufficient fuel to conduct the anticipated period of operation and to deal with all emergencies without refueling. Power units shall be shut down during the refueling.

Starting of ropeways

Only competent persons authorized by the ropeway management shall start a passenger ropeway.

Inspections

Prior to transporting passengers, a daily inspection shall be conducted by a competent personunder the supervision of manager of operators of ropeway. As a minimum, the inspection shall consist of the following:

i. Inspect visually each terminal, station, and the entire length of the ropeway, lift or tow, including grips, hangers and carriers;

ii. Note the position of tension carriages and counterweights and ensure that the tensioning system is free to move in both directions;

iii. Test the operation of all manual and automatic switches in terminals, stations, and loading and unloading areas as per the manufacturer s specifications;

iv. Test the operation of main drive and all braking systems;

v. Test the operation of communication systems;

vi. Ropeways and lifts having emergency power units shall have the emergency engine checked during this inspection and operated at least once weekly;

vii. Note the general condition of the hauling rope including splices;

viii. Commissioning inspection including load test runs;



ix. Formal pre-season inspection;

x. Fairly and periodic maintenance inspections;

xi. Annual inspection (or at change of ownership);

xii. Periodic major inspection of critical components; and

xiii. Designer and manufacturer stipulated inspections and ancillary equipment inspections.

Ropeway Operator

The position of ropeway operator shall be such that he shall have the best possible view ofthe route and the controls and communicating devices shall be within his reach. The control panel must have following indicator:

� Speed indicator,� Indicator for the vehicle position along the line, and� Fault indicator.

The driving gear shall be provided with an emergency motor fed by auxiliary power or InternalCombustion engine which can ensure a rescue operation as needed even when there issomething wrong with the main motor or even in case of power failure.

However, installations having length less than 200m winching device may be provided. Working of the main motor shall be stopped automatically when any brake is on or if any safety device operates. Two different friction brakes called 'service brake' and the other 'emergencybrake' shall be used in case of electric motor drive to cause both the normal stopping andemergency one. Each of such brakes shall be able to ensure the safe stopping of theinstallation's motion under most unfavorable conditions of loading. In any case, the nominalaverage deceleration shall not exceed 0.5 m/s2 A suitable automatic device which prevents thereverse motion of the system in normal service shall be installed.

Communications

All stations shall be connected to each other by mobile telephone. Minimum onestation shall be linked up with the public network. Communication facilities (telephone orwireless) shall be provided in the vehicle for communication with the driving station orwith the second vehicle.

The entire ropeways system shall be provided with suitable earthing and protection againstlightning.

The following testing must be carried out:

Load testing at 5 yearly intervals or at change of critical load bearing components; non-destructive testing; and destructive testing (ropes).

All non-destructive testing must be carried out by a suitably experienced person and in accordance with relevant Indian Standards.

Procedures must be developed (and regularly audited) for

� Daily start-up, running and shut-down;



� Daily and periodic maintenance; and environmental conditions

Maintenance program for aerial ropeway towers

Particular attention must be given to towers. In these circumstances, the employer must make sure the maintenance program includes regular tests (e.g. torque tests or visual inspection) to check for fatigue or corrosion of the anchor bolts on tower.

Consideration must also be given to whether the towers and anchorage system have been subject to any random vibration due to movement of the haul rope and carrier grips over sheave assemblies and other factors that may have an impact on the effectiveness of anchor bolts such as:

� Whether a continuous uphill load imposed by the subtended angle of the haul rope on any vertical tower might lead to excessive fluctuating loads on the anchor bolts; or

� Whether tower base plates that are not fitted directly to the concrete footing have incorporated expanding grout between the tower base plate and the upper surface of the concrete footing to allow a continuous tension load on the anchor bolts to be maintained.

As well, towers that have bracing tubes around anchor bolts connected to the main tower tube by a gusset should be subject to detailed investigation for water retention and resultant corrosion.

In addition to the tower maintenance procedures must address the major components and systems. The following is a brief overview:

� Chair, Hanger and Rope Grip assembly,� Ropes,� Haul Rope,� Counterweight Tension Rope,� Guy Ropes or Stays,� Rope Tensioning Equipment,� Communication and safety systems including emergency stop,� Drives,� Main Drive,� Standby Drive,� Rescue Drive,� Integrity of power source for all drives,� Sheave assemblies and rope guiding equipment,� Line sheave assemblies, sheave bearings and liners,� Alignment,� Bull wheels,� Drive and return sheaves, bearings and liners,� Rope guiding equipment,� Alignment,� Brakes,� Service Brake,� Emergency Brake,� Anti-rollback systems,� Backstops and anti-rollback brakes,� Loading and unloading stations and equipment,� Safety Gates,� Firefighting equipment,



� Inspection and testing requirements in accordance with Australian Standards,� Electrical systems and equipment,� Earthing systems,� Control and monitoring devices,� Emergency evacuation procedures and equipment, and� Corrosion protection

Termination of daily operations

Procedures shall be established for terminating daily operations to ensure that passengers shall not be left on the ropeway after it has been shut down.

7.10 CONTROL AND SAFETY OF PASSENGERS

The operating agency shall have specific plan for marshalling passengers for safe loading and unloading. The ropeway manager shall draw up special instructions necessary to be observed by staff to ensure the safety of children riding the ropeway, and shall ensure that such instructions are implemented and enforced by the staff. Loading attendants are to ensure that passengers do not embark on chairs, or in cars or cabins, with equipment which will in any way be a hazard to the safety of themselves or other passengers.

Appropriate signs shall be posted where they may be easily read by all persons using the ropeway. Some commonly used wording, suggested for use in connection with passenger ropeways signage is as follows:

� If not familiar with use of lift, ask attendant for instructions� Prepare to unload (Not less than 15 m ahead of the unloading area) Keep ski tips up

(Ahead of any points where skis may come into contact with a platform)� Unload here� Do not swing or bounce chairs � Stay in track� No loose clothing or long hair exposed (At loading area)� Remove pole straps from wrists (At loading area)

The ropeway management should ensure that adequate provisions, such as pictograms, are made for passengers, who do not read or speak Hindi or English, to be able to use the ropeway correctly and safely. Any additional signs which may be required to ensure the safe operation of the ropeway shall be posted to the satisfaction of a competent person.

Markers

Where guyed towers are used and guys meet the ground within ski-runs, the guys shall be marked for visibility, preferably with boards painted with black and yellow stripes.

First aid at Ropeway

There shall be ready access to first-aid supplies and equipment, and provision shall be made to render first aid in the event of persons being injured on the ropeway.

7.11 SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLANS

Under a safety management plan, the licensed contractor will be required, as per terms and condition of licensing, to submit the names of the people and their corresponding qualifications that will provide service and maintain the installed passenger ropeway equipment. Contractors



will need to have this safety management plan in place at each area where passenger ropeways or passenger conveyors are operating.

Safety Manager

The operator of ropeway will have Safety Authenticity. Safety Authority appoints the local safety manager, who is given the authority to perform the following duties:

� Provide technical support and expertise to Safety Officers;� Evaluate industry training programs and the qualifications of those who train attendants

and operators;� Provide correct interpretation of the Safety Standards Act and regulations;� Issue, suspend, or revoke a contractor s license as necessary;� Review safety management plans;� Issue directives, discipline orders, monetary penalties, and safety orders; and� Review a Safety Officer s decision upon a client s request.

Other responsibilities of the Safety Manager include recommending regulatory changes, providing input on the operational functions of the program, advising on risk management systems, and undertaking incident investigations.

Safety Officers

Safety Officers are at the forefront when dealing with owners and licensed contractors. They are an integral part of the program and report on wherever safety is compromised. Some of their responsibilities are as follows:

� Issue permits;� Answer inquiries;� Conduct safety inspections;� Investigate, document, and follow up on incidents;� Promote public and worker safety awareness;� Educate and provide technical information to industry owners and contractors on

changing technology, codes, and standards; � Develop and deliver training, seminars and briefings;� Grant variances;� Provide recommendations to the Safety Manager;� Conduct compliance monitoring and audits; and� Assess the need for changes to the regulations.

During a periodic inspection, a Safety Officer may inspect towers, sheave assemblies, brakes and braking functions and the operation of main drives, auxiliary drives, and evacuation drives where applicable.

Procedures for Strange Occurrences

The management shall prepare, and put in the control booth for which the procedures to be followed in case of unusual occurrences, such as:

� Roll back;� Over speed;� Counterweight limits reached;� Tower development switch tripped;� Communication system failure;� Fire; and



� Earthquake.

7.12 ELECTRICAL PROTECTION

All overhead electrical power transmission wiring shall be so protected that, in case of collapse or breakage of the power line, it will not come into contact with chairs, cars, cables, or passengers.

Investigating Incidents

A Safety Officer investigates serious incidents as soon as they are brought to the attention of the Safety Authority. Under the Industrial Safety Act, an incident is the occurrence of a death, personal injury, or damage to property, or the risk of personal injury or damage to property. An incident is the result of regulated work or the testing, use or operation of a passenger ropeway. The levels of an incident, personal injury and damage to property can range from serious to minor.

Incidents may be caused by mechanical failure, passenger error, abnormal weather or operational error. Whatever the case may be, the Safety Manager will consider what measures may be taken to prevent similar incidents from occurring and what will be necessary to get the equipment back into operation.

7.13 SAFETY CERTIFICATION

The safety certification shall be issued under the provisions of Himachal Ropeway Act, and in accordance with the requirement stipulated in IS 5229 (latest revision).

*****


Disaster Management Plan Page 8.1

CHAPTER 8DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Disaster is an unexpected event due to sudden failure of the system, external threats, internal disturbances, earthquakes, fire and accidents. The first step is to identify the causes which develop/ pose unexpected danger to the structural integrity of Ropeway. The potential risks are given in Chapter 7. The main aim of the disaster management plan is

1. Safety of the passenger 2. Quick response at the time of accident and treatment to casualties 3. Evacuation of passengers to safe area4. Bring the disaster under control within short time5. Investigation of accident and prepare prevention plan

8.1.1 Preventive Action

Once the likelihood of a disaster is suspected, action has to be initiated to prevent a failure. Manager responsible for preventive action should identify sources of repair equipments, materials, labour and expertise for use during emergency.

8.1.2 Reporting Procedures

The level at which a situation will be termed a disaster shall be specified. This shall include the stage at which the surveillance requirements should be increased both in frequency and details. The Manager should notify the officer for the following information:

• Exit points for the public,• Nearest medical facilities.

8.1.3 Communication System

An efficient communication system is absolutely essential for the success of any disaster management plan. This has to be worked out in consultation with local authorities. More often, the entire communication system gets disrupted when a disaster occurs. The damage areas need to be clearly identified and provided with temporary and full proof communication system.

� Communication system should be available at all the terminal stations and should be interlinked.

� Multi core communication cable is required to be provided between the station� The wireless system will be provided to communicate while maintenance / rescue

operation on line and for other reasons, when communication through telephone system will not be possible.

8.1.4 Emergency Action Committee

To ensure co-ordination action, an Emergency Action Committee should be constituted. The civic administrator may be the Chairman of this Committee. The committee may comprise of

� Police Officer of the area,� Health Department representative,� Department of Information and Publicity, and� Non-Governmental Organization of the area.



Emergency Action Committee will prepare the evacuation plan and procedures for implementation based on local needs and facilities available. The plan should include:

� Demarcation of the areas to be evacuated with priorities,� Safe route to be used, adequacy of transport for evacuation, and traffic control,� Safe area and shelters,� Security of property left behind in the evacuated areas,� Functions and responsibilities of various members of evacuation teams, and � Setting up of joint control room.

All personnel involved in the Emergency Action Plan should be thoroughly familiar with all the elements of the plan and their responsibilities. They should be trained through drills for the Emergency Action Plan. The staff at the site should be trained for problem detection, evaluation and emergency remedial measures. Individual responsibility to handle the segments in emergency plan must be allotted.

Success of an emergency plan depends on public participation, their response to warning notifications and timely action. Public has to be educated on the hazards and key role in disaster mitigation by helping in the planned evacuation and rescue operations.

It is essential to communicate by whom and how a declared emergency will be terminated. There should be proper notification to the public on de-alert signals regarding termination of the emergency. The notification should be clear so that the evacuees know precisely what to do when re-entering or approaching the affected areas.

8.2 EMERGENCY MEASURES

The emergency measures are adopted to avoid any failure in the system. The aim of Emergency Action Plan is to identify areas, population and structures likely to be affected due to a catastrophic event of accident. The action plan should also include preventive action, notification, warning procedures and co-ordination among various relief authorities.

8.2.1 Safety Measures

� The cabins are provided with door lock, which cannot be opened by the passengers.

� Two separate brakes are provided in the drive of ropeway system. One no. spring/weight operated and actuator/thruster released brake is provided on brake ring fitted on drive sheave. This will act as normal and emergency brake. A second weight operated thruster released brake is provided on high speed brake drum coupling, which will act as Service brake.

� In the event of main DG set power failure, full capacity standby D.G. set provided to supply power to run drive motor.

� Standby separate motor system is provided to run ropeway at slow speed to rescue passengers from line in case of failure of main motor or power failure from DG set.

� Line safety devices are installed on each trestle, which immediately stop the ropeway in the unlikely event of rope derailment. This comprises of electrical trip limit switch with attachment mounted on line sheave mount. The number of limit switches will be as below:



Sheave Train Type Number Localisation

Support Sheave train with 6 Sheaves or less

1 1 at sheave trainentrance

Support train with 8 or more Sheaves

2 1 at sheave train entrance and 1 at exit

Compression sheave train 5 1 per 2 sheave train (i.e 4 intotal) + 1 at sheave train axle

� Rope catcher is provided with the fully articulated sheave mount beam at incoming and outgoing side on line trestles and Stations to arrest / support the hauling rope in case of de ropement.

� Emergency push buttons are provided at all stations to stop the ropeway, if required.

� The Ropeway Main Drive Motors will be tripped if:

• Set rope speed exceeds by5%• Wind speed exceeds the set limit

� Both the stations and line safety devices will also be operative during running the ropeway with separate motor at a maximum speed of 1 m/ sec. In case of rescue drive by diesel engine, there will be a provision of alarm bell with a battery backup at drive station and will be operative on energization of any safety device of stations / line. Battery back should also be provided for opening of service and emergency brakes.

� Control Panels and Distribution Boards will be provided at all stations for operation as well as maintenance purposes. Control relays and interlocks will be provided for rescue engine, emergency motor and brake operation. A.C. drive will be provided with forward reverse operation, speed variation (auto and manual) and inchingfacilities.

8.2.2 RESCUE AND OTHER ARRANGEMENT

The electric drive wheel backup system will be used to evacuate the line by means of two electric motors operating independently of the gear box. The drive wheel backup systemincludes:

� A mechanical system to uncouple the drive wheel.� A ring gear installed on the drive wheel.� One or more electric motors that can be disengaged from the ring gear� An electrical control cabinet containing a speed controller

Whenever a situation occurs in which operation of the Ropeway is not possible even with the backup arrangement and the carriers are stopped on the line between the stations, and in which anticipated time to repair the cause of the shutdown is greater than the estimatedtime for rescue carriage operation, evacuation must take place.

Suitable means of evacuation shall be provided (ladders, capstan, rope etc) to facilitate the rescue of passengers who might remain trapped along the line on account of unforeseen



stopping of the installation, in a reasonably short time and in the easiest and safest manner without the help of the stranded passengers.

8.2.2.1 COMMUNICATION

O.H. Control and Communication Wires

• One multi core cable/ OFC suspended from catenary wire will run from Lower to Upper station to carry trip and annunciation signals. This will be supported on ropeway steel structures.

• The catenary wire will be supported on insulators on Power line poles from Lower to Upper station.

Communication System

• One number Industrial type telephone system will be provided for communication with each station and line. The system basically consists of wall mounted sets (2 Nos. for each station), loudspeaker and amplifier. 2 Nos. portable sets will be provided for communication with line.

• The wireless system (4 Nos. handsets) will be provided to communicate while maintenance/ rescue operation on line and for other reasons, when communication through telephone system will not be possible.

• 16-channel intercom system will be installed at each station for communication between operating and security personnel of that station.

8.2.2.2 CCTV AT BOTH THE STATION

Arrangement of one number color CCTV shall be provided at the control room of both the station to look at the movement of passengers. This will also serve as security purpose.

8.2.2.3 PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM

Both the terminal stations at each section shall be provided with a Public Address System, i.e. microphone, amplifier, speakers and able to operate during power failure for at least 15 minutes. Suitable numbers of fire extinguishers will be provide at both stations and near DGarea.

8.2.2.4 PROTECTIONS

Other standard protections, such as, electrical protection for LT, lightening protection, earthing etc. shall be provided.


Environmental Monitoring Plan And Cost Page 9.1

CHAPTER 9ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN AND COST

9.1 GENERALThe environmental monitoring programme is a vital process for the Environmental Management of infrastructure project. This helps in signaling the potential problems that would result from the construction and operation of proposed project and will allow for prompt implementation of corrective measures. The environmental monitoring is proposed during construction and operational phases. The following parameters need to be monitored:

• Water Quality,• Air and Noise Quality, and• Soil.

9.2 WATER QUALITY MONITORING

Water contamination leads to various water related diseases, the project authorities shall establish a procedure for water quality surveillance and ensure safe water for the consumers. Minimum 3 samples shall be tested around the project site for drinking water quality parameters as per BIS: 10500. Water monitoring should be carried out at least three times a year to cover seasonal variations by any Government or recognized private agency. Water quality should be analyzed by applying the standard methods.

Water quality shall be monitored before starting the construction, during the construction phase, and for at least one year after the completion of the project. There is no major construction activity for proposed ropeway.

9.3 AIR AND NOISE QUALITY MONITORING

To assess the effectiveness of air and noise pollution control, ambient air quality and noise levels shall be monitored during the construction and for at least one year after the completion of the project. The proposed monitoring program for field monitoring and laboratory analysis of air and noise is given in Table 9.1.

TABLE 9.1PROPOSED MONITORING PROGRAMME FOR AIR AND NOISE QUALITYParticular Description

Ambient Air QualityParameters to be monitored PM10, PM2.5, SO2,CO, and NOx, Number of Location during construction and operation

At least three locations, The locations shall be decided by the Environmental Engineer/Officer incharge.

Monitoring period During construction and 1.5 year after construction.Frequency Once in Month for Three Season in a Year i.e. Pre-Monsoon,

Post-Monsoon and WinterAmbient Noise QualityParameters to be monitored Noise level in dB(A)Proposed Locations during construction and operation

At least three locations, The locations shall be decided by theEnvironmental Engineer/Officer incharge.

Monitoring period Same as above for airFrequency Same as above for air



9.4 SOIL QUALITY MONITORING

Soil near to the construction area shall be monitored to ascertain presence of soil pollution due to construction activities. The soil monitoring schedule is given in Table 9.2.

TABLE 9.2PROPOSED MONITORING PROGRAMME FOR SOIL QUALITY

PARAMETER LOCATION DURATION FREQUENCY

pH, Texture, Total Organic Matter, Nitrogen, Phosphate, Moisture Content, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Chloride,Magnesium, and Electric Conductivity

During Construction and Operation:Three sample

During construction and 1.5 year after construction

Seasonal

9.5 ESTABLISHMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CELL

The project authority shall establish an Environmental cell in the initial stage of the project. The division shall have one Environmental Engineer/Officer. The task of the environmental Engineer/Officer shall be to supervise and co-ordinate environmental concerns, monitoring and implementation of mitigation measures. The officer will monitor the environmental worksin coordination with the Project Director. Cost of such a division has been estimated asRs.25.96 lakh as per the details given in Table 9.3 below.

TABLE 9.3COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL CELL

S No ITEM COST (Rs)A Capital Cost

Office Furnishings (Computer, Audio visual aid and furniture) 2,00,000B Recurring Cost

Man Power Cost (For 36 months)Environmental Engineer/Officer @ Rs. 45,000/month 16,20,000Office Maintenance and consumables @ Rs. 15,000/month 5,40,000

C Sub Total (A+B) 23,60,000Miscellaneous and unforeseen expenses, LS (10 % of C) 2,36,000

Total cost for establishment of cell 25,96,000

9.6 ENVIRONMENTAL COST

Most of the items described in the environmental management plan form part of the project cost which will be included in the project civil cost. Certain items like health care and medical facility to workers make part of the contractual obligations of the construction contractor. The environmental costs towards implementation of environmental management plan and mitigation measures during pre-construction, construction and operation of the proposedproject are estimated of Rs.153.44 lakh and described in Table 9.4.



TABLE 9.4ENVIRONMENTAL COST

S No ITEM QUANTITY

ESTIMATED UNIT RATE

(Rs.)TOTAL COST (Rs. In Lakh)

A. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING COSTI Water Quality Monitoring

Monitoring during Construction Stage and after Construction

3location x 3 times a year x (1.5 Constr. year + 1.5 years after Construction) = 27 samples

8000 2.16

II Air and Noise Quality MonitoringMonitoring during construction andafter Construction

27 samples 15000 4.05

III Soil Quality MonitoringMonitoring during construction and after Construction

3location x 3 times a year x (1.5 Constr. year + 1.5 years after Construction) = 27 samples

5000 1.35

IV Environmental Cell CostEstablishment of Environmental Cell

Refer Section 9.5 Refer Table 9.3

25.96

Environmental Monitoring Cost (A) = Sub Total (I) + (II) + (III) + (IV) 33.52

B. MANAGEMENT/MITIGATION COST1 Forest Management (Refer Section 6.3.1)A Reserve Forest Management

Compensatory Forestation (CA) 3.50Net Present Value (NPV) 15.92

2 Provision for Green Building (Refer Section 6.3.5)Solar Power System 20.0Rain Water Harvesting 5.0

3 Water Supply and Sanitation

During Construction Refer 6.4.3 5.0

4 Oil and Grease Removal

Construction Yard Refer 6.4.4 2.5

5 Solid Waste Management

Construction Site Refer 6.4.5 10.0

6 Environmental Training

Environmental Awareness and Management

Refer section 6.4.6

2.0

7 Water Supply and Sanitation

During Operation Refer 6.5.2 15.0

8 Solid Waste Management

During Operation Refer 6.5.3 20.0

9 Green Belt During Operation Refer 6.5.5 1.010 Community Development Program (Refer Section 6.5.6)

Horticulture and Medicinal Plants 1.5Gender Support 1.0Infrastructure Development Support 12.5Education Assistance 5.0

Management /Mitigation Cost (B) 119.92

TOTAL COST = (A) + (B) 153.44ENVIRONMENTAL COST 153.44


Summary and Conclusion Page 10.1

CHAPTER 10PUBLIC HEARING

10.1 GENERAL

Public Hearing of the proposed project was held on 20th August, 2016 at Community Hall, Dharamshala, as per the provision of EIA Notification S.O.No.1533 (E) dated 14.09.2006 after the public notice published in the daily English and Hindi News Papers Hindustan Times on dated 19th July 2016 and Danik Bhaskar on dated 18th July 2016 to invite people to participate in the meeting for their suggestion/views/comments/objection/query. The Copy of Hindi News Paper and English News Paper are given at Figure 10.1 and Figure 10.2.

FIGURE 10.1COPY OF NEWS PAPER DANIK BHASKAR


Public Hearing Page 10.2

FIGURE 10.2COPY OF NEWS PAPER HINDUSTAN TIMES

The minutes of meeting, attendance during meeting is enclosed in Annexure 10.1. The public hearing panel concludes that the Public Hearing was success, with the public in favor of the project. All the suggestions put up by the public during public hearing has been accepted by project proponent and comments were replied to all the speakers.



CHAPTER 11SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

11.1 INTRODUCTION

Dharamshala stands at the foot of Dhauladhar and has a magnificent view of snowy peaks, deodar and pine forests, tea gardens and beautiful hills, The snow line is perhaps more easily accessible at Dharamshala than any other hill station in India. Dharamshala now really has become international, with a number of Tibetan settlements and the residence of Noble Laureate the 'Dalai Lama Dharamshala is divided into two distinct parts: lower Dharamshala comprising the civil and business area with Courts and Kotwali bazar and upper Dharamshala composed of places like McLeodganj and Forsyth Ganj.

The upper and lower towns with a difference of some 457 metres between them lies against a background of snow-capped mountains, forests of giant conifers, and carefully cultivated tea gardens. The mountains enfold three sides of the town and the alley stretches beyond to the south. Dharamshala s altitude varies between 1250 meters and 2000 meters.

The arrival of the Tibetan spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, along with thousands of refugees to Dharamshala in 1959 made the life here more active. A number of Tibetan settlements with religious education and other rehabilitation centres mushroomed all over the McLeodganj. As Dharamshala became the headquarter of the Tibetan Government in exile, headed by Dalai Lama, it gained prominence all over the world and prominent personalities started arriving here. McLeodganj emerged as a major Buddhist centre.

Needs of the Dharamshala McLeod Ganj Ropeway due to

� Road Journey about 9-10 Kms often congested due to traffic jams.� McLeod Ganj, Dharamshala goes under 30-50mm snow layer during winters and roads

connectivity further detoriates � Yearly 40 Lakh tourists visits the Place� Due to traffic congestion, It takes 3-4 hours to reach McLeodganj during peak season

The Department of Tourism & Civil Aviation, Himachal Pradesh for the development of Tourism in the State of Himachal Pradesh has decided to undertake development and operation/ maintenance of the Ropeway Project through Public-Private Partnership (the PPP ) on Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (the DBFOT ) basis, and through

competitive bidding has decided to carry out the project by Dharamshala Ropeway Limited(DRL) through Himachal Pradesh Infrastructure Development Board (HPIDB).

RITES Ltd. (A Government of India Enterprise) was appointed by Dharamshala Ropeway Limited, as consultant, for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study for proposed Ropeway systems. An EIA study has been taken up as per the approved Terms of Reference (TOR) issued by Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF& CC) for Environmental Clearance of the project.

Objectives of the Study and Terms of Reference: The objective of the study is to facilitate the Dharamshala Ropeway Limited to obtain prior environmental clearance from the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF& CC), Government of India for the proposed ropeway systems. In addition, it also proposes to establish environmental baseline and safeguard measures for protection of environment for sustainable development during project cycles. The MoEF& CC, Government of India, notification of 14th September 2006 and its amendment dated 1stDecember 2009 enlist Ropeway projects in category A as per above notification schedule if located in ecological sensitive area and elevation is 1000m above



msl. All projects or activities included as category A in the schedule shall require prior environmental clearance from MoEF& CC, Government of India.

In order to follow the procedure of project appraisal the DRL applied for the Terms of Reference for EIA study in MoEF& CC in prescribed formats. The DRL and RITES, the consultant made a presentation on the project before3rdExpert Appraisal Committee (infrastructure -2) held during 23rdFebruary, 2016 at New Delhi. MoEF&CC issued the Terms of Reference (ToR) for Ropeway project at Dharamshala vide F.No.1 0-1 0/201 6-lA.lll dated 26th March 2016.The ToR for EIA for the project

Approach and methodology: The approach of the study is to conduct EIA as per Notification, Acts, Guidelines and Standards. The basic concept is to ascertain the existing baseline conditions and assess the impacts as a result of construction and operation of the activities of the project. The impacts are assessed for various phases of project cycle namely: Impacts due to project location, Impacts due to project construction, and Impacts due to project operation.

The standard methodology for the data collection, impact assessment and formulation of management plans is adopted while carrying out the field study and preparing the report. The approved Terms of Reference are kept in mind during the field study.

11.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Project and its location: The proposed project site is located at the Dharamshala in Kangra District of Himachal Pradesh. The Project site is well connected by Air, Rail and Road. The project envisages construction of buildings at two ends namely LTP & UTP of Ropeway Systems for boarding/de-boarding of passengers.

Salient features of proposed ropeway system: The ropeway system used in the alignment would be Detachable grip 6-8 seater Mono cable Gondola ropeway system, 1000 Persons Per Hour per direction capacity, length 1900.0 m. The speed of the ropeway system will be 0-6 m/sec and drive location will be at lower terminal. The facilities include, Lower Terminal Station, Upper Terminal Station and Passenger s amenities at stations. The completion of the project is expected in 18 months from the date of award of work. The capital cost and operation & maintenance cost of ropeway systems is worked out as Rs. Rs.144.9 Crore and Rs 392.80 lakhs respectively.

Alternatives Analysis: The finalization of alignments for ropeway considering various options of alignments and technology during analysis of alternatives.

11.3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL DATA

The collection of environmental baseline data is required to assess the impacts of project activities on the environment. The project study area is 10 km radius from centre point of proposed Ropeway. The data have been compiled for: Land Environment (Physiography, Geology, Seismicity and Soils), Water Environment (Water Resources, Water Use, WaterQuality), Air Environment (Meteorology and Air Quality), Noise Environment (Noise Levels), Ecological Environment (Flora and Fauna) and Socio-Economic Environment (Demography, Socio-Economics, etc).

Physiography: Kangra district is situated in Western Himalayas between 31°2 to 32°5 N and 75° to 77°45 E. The district has a geographical area of 5,739 km. which constitutes 10.31 % of geographical area of the State. The elevation within the study area varies from 350 m to 4880 m.



Geology and Soil: Dharamshala town consists of fine to medium grained dirty gray to maroon compact, jointed, and non-micaceous sandstones which are interbedded with clay bands of crimson red, green, and maroon color.

Land use pattern: The land use/land cover data for the study area was derived using the latest cloud free satellite imagery. Land use of the 15 km radius shows that the predominant land use of the area is forest.

Seismicity: Dharamshala is located in the high risk seismic zone V as per the seismic zoning map of India prepared by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS code: IS 1893: Part-1:2002). Considering its geographical location and its past seismic history, suitable provision of seismic factor may be made in the design of civil engineering structures to make them earthquake resistant.

Water: Surface water in the form of streams, rivers and springs is the main source of water in the area. Most of them are perennial in nature being fed by the glaciers.In order to assess the baseline water quality status of the study area, 7 water samples were collected. It is found that 01 nos sample is not suitable for drinking purpose because in this sample the COD, BOD and Coliform is present.

Temperature: In winter minimum temperature is 4.9°C and maximum temperature is 24.5°C.In summer minimum temperature is 14.7°C and maximum temperature is 35.0°C.

Rainfall: Most of the rainfall is received between April to September. During the remaining period, rainfall is sporadic and scanty.

Humidity: Months mean maximum and minimum relative humidity at 0830 hrs is 90.8 % to 43.70 % respectively, while Months mean maximum and minimum relative humidity at 1730hrs is 87.5 % to 43.3 % respectively.

Air Quality: The atmospheric concentrations of air pollutants are monitored at 5 locations for parameters PM 2.5, PM10, SO2, NOX, & CO under ambient air quality monitoring (AAQM). It is observed that all parameters are within the standards.The proposed ropeway site is not coming under critically polluted areas identified by Central Pollution Control Board.

Noise Quality: Noise level survey is conducted at 5 locations. At all the location noise ambient noise quality is within prescribed limit given by Central Pollution Control Board.

Ecological Environment: The proposed project site is predominantly occupied by forest. The forest found in the proposed ropeway site consists of RF (Reserve forest), UPF (Undemarkated Protected forest) and DC land. The DC land belongs to district collectorate, district kangada, Dharmashala tehsil, Himachal Pradesh sarkar. A variety of flora are found in the study area. The predominant plants species observed in the proposed site are Chid (Pinus roxbergii) and Baan (Cuercus leucotrichophora, Cuercus incana) respectively. RFO, Dharmashala was carried tree enumeration of tree survey.

Historical/Archeological Monuments: There is no ancient archeologically important monument in the project area.

Socio-Economic Profile of the Project Area: The proposed project shall involve construction activities for various components of the project like lower and upper terminal, passage to the lower terminal, offices and other utilities at lower and upper terminal and other infrastructure facilities. These activities shall necessitate acquisition/transfer of about 01.69.58 ha land under forest department and the 00.19.53 ha of land under government of Himachal Pradesh. No private land, house structures or community property resources,



religious structures shall be acquired and hence impacted due to the proposed project. No significant impacts were observed or no family will be displaced due to the proposed project. The public consultations for this project were held from 2nd - 03rd June, 2016 by RITES team.The response of the participants (local people, tourists, pilgrims, etc.) was quite positive however participant taxi driver and owners were apprehensive about the project. As they felt that the project may disturb their sources for livelihood and employment. All the likely to be affected taxi drivers and owners were found to be apprehensive about the plan for protection of their occupation and proper rehabilitations. Except the taxi driver, the participants assured their all support to make the project successful. Participant (taxi drivers and owners)suggested that the fare for commutation from Dharamshala to McLeod Ganj should be at par with the taxi fare and the fare should be reviewed annually in consultation with the taxi operator union of Dharamshala and McLeod Ganj.

11.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT

IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT: The ropeway system requires land of 2.2438 ha, out of which ROW is 0.5718 ha and ROU of 1.6720 ha. The construction of ropeway has impacts on land environment by change in landuse from forest land to non-forest land. The land required for the proposed project is 2.2438 ha in which 1.6958 ha Reserved Forest and Undemarketed Protected Forest (UPF).

Topography, Drainage and Soil Quality: The location of terminal stations and trestles are selected on a mild slope or at plain area to keep the minimal cutting and filling having less impact on topography of the area. Cutting and filling will be balanced. The ropeway corridor is crossing 02 nos number of nallah. The nallah has been avoided for construction of the trestles within it, hence no change in drainage pattern is anticipated. The ropeway Impact on soil owing to the construction of terminals includes soil erosion, compaction and pollution of soil in case of waste discharge on land. The impact will be however short term in duration and will have no significant impacts.

Slope Erosion: Erosion aspect of a hill slope is an important factor in determining its stability condition. The deep gully, toe erosion by nallahs destabilizes slopes. It has been observed that the toe erosion by nallah is affecting the slope stability at number of places. Hence, trestles on the side of nallah will be protected by putting the retaining wall at the side of trestle foundation.

Landslide: The status of slope stability is an important aspect that can affect the landslide hazard in the area. This is reflected by the landslide incidences in the past. The landslide affected slopes reflect the instability condition of slope and add to the hazard vulnerability in the area. No history of landslide occurrence near project site.

Earthquakes: The project area falls under seismic zone V as per the Seismic Zoning Map of India. Necessary seismic factors (horizontal and vertical ground acceleration), as per relevant Indian Standard Code (IS: 1893 Part 1: 2002) shall be adopted. All components of structures shall be designed for seismic zone V to ensure the safeguard against earthquake risks.

Solid Waste: About 100 and 60 numbers of labours/Person will be required for construction and operation of Ropeway respectively. 10.0 Kg/day and 210.0 Kg/day of solid waste shall be generated during construction and operation phase.

Existing Features within 1 km: The existing features at project site within 1 km radius are Dharamshala and McLeodganj town. Within 1km following features exist Reserved Forest,Nallah, Road, Water Supply Line, Sewer Lines, Hotels Temples & market.



Water Supply and Sanitation: Construction phase will last for a period of approximately 18months. About 100 workers will be working at site during peak construction. Drinking Water demand during construction is estimated about 4.5 KLD which will be supplied from existing water supply source line of the Public Health Engineering Department. The Waste water generated will be 3.6 KLD during construction. About 60 persons including staff and security during operation of the Ropeway project. The total water requirement will be 87.0 KLD for operation staff and passengers. The Waste water generated will be 69.60 KLD by operation staff and passengers.

Air Environment: The construction activities for the proposed terminal stations will be of small scale and thus the particulate emissions will be minimal and short term in nature. For the construction of line towers the generation of the dust will be low as compared to the construction of terminal stations. The impact of other pollutants such as SO2, NOx and CO will be caused due to diesel-operated mechanical equipment and their impact is expected to be negligible and of short term duration. Use of these machineries is limited to and considered working for few hours in a construction period. No air pollution is anticipated during operation.

Noise Environment: During Construction the prime sources of noise are the construction machinery and the vehicular noise due to material movement at the site. The main noise generating equipment that will be used at site will be concrete mixer (for small concrete work) and concrete vibrator. Concrete mixer generates noise level of 85 dB (A) at 50 feet distance. It could therefore be concluded that the construction activities would not have a significant impact on existing environment during construction phase. During Operation of ropeway, All the D.G. Sets shall be placed in recommended acoustic enclosure or with silencers and Periodic maintenance. Hence no significant change in noise levels is anticipated.

Wind Pressure: As per Indian standard, the wind speed should not be more than 150 km/hr during operation of aerial ropeway.

Biological Environment: The numbers of trees likely to be cut/ trimmed are 498.

Socio-Economic: The project is located in urban settlement. Agriculture is not an usual practice of the settlement. However, no private land is required for acquisition. Thus no agricultural land shall be acquired No Historical or Cultural Monuments will be affected/ lost due to the construction of the project.

Employment Opportunities: The project is likely to provide direct employment opportunities to 100 persons during construction period of 18 months and approximately 60persons during operation and maintenance of the project at all levels. In addition to this, project will provide indirect employment in general to the local people specially.

Benefits to the Economy: Development of infrastructure and availability of reliable transport mode without much emission unlike present traffic operation will carry passenger from McLeod Ganj to Dharamshala. The project shall boost tourism of the region, state and the country. The project would contribute towards better economic activities in the region as well as in the state and country.

11.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) describes the proposed remedial measures and monitoring plan for the impact during construction and operational period of the project. The EMP often contains a construction/management guideline that specifically addresses how the project proponent/contractors are to incorporate environmental considerations into



their work. EMP considers compensatory measures if mitigation measures are not feasible or cost-effective. This chapter spells out the set of measures to be undertaken during project construction and operation to mitigate or reduce the adverse environmental impacts andbring them to acceptable levels based on the proposed Environmental Management Plans.

PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Forest and Wildlife Management: The Compensatory afforestation to be carried out in lieu of 1.6958 Ha of forest area, to be diverted for the construction of ropeway.

The land of 2.0731 Ha (Block/Compartment/Survey No. 1584/4,34,36 (Khata No. 286, Khatoni No. 447)) given for compensatory afforestation located in village Mohal Ther, Mauza-Ghaniyara, Tehsil Dharamshala and District Kangra. The amount is inclusive of the maintenance of the plantation for seven years. The amount required for compensatory afforestation is Rs. 350110.00.

Net present value: The NPV value of 1.6958 Ha of forest land diverted is Rs. 15,92,356.00.

Energy Conservation Measures: Energy conservation measures are often the easiest, quickest and cheapest way to reduce costs and implement environmentally pro-active Energy conservation program both on energy demand and supply. The amount of energy used for lighting varies from industry to industry, but typically, lighting accounts for approximately 50% of the electrical load in office building. By having an understanding of the lamps, ballasts, luminaries and control options available today as well as the techniques used to develop efficient lighting, lighting can be produced that is energy efficient, cost effective and yields a high quality of light.

Provision for Green Building: In accordance with the GRIHA (version 2015) norms, the following measures shall be implemented to a feasible degree in the terminal and parking locations. A provision for solar power system installation and rain water harvesting system is Rs. 20 lakhs and 5 lakhs respectively.

Rehabilitation and Resettlement of the Project: No resettlement and rehabilitation of specific population is required as the project has no direct adverse impacts on any pocket of population except a section of taxi and auto operators, who claims that their business may be affected when the ropeway shall be operational. No private land and property is acquired. No squatters, encroacher and kiosk have been found on the land identified for the proposed project purpose. So, the observation concludes no significant impacts on population in general.

Compensation for Land: No acquisition of private land for the proposed ropeway is identified. However, 1.69.58 ha forestland and 00.19.53 ha of government of Himachal Pradesh have been identified to be used for different purposes of the project such as upper terminal, towers and right of way. The land identified for these purposes shall be transferred to the government of Himachal Pradesh / Dharamshala Ropeway Limited. The compensation for land transfer shall be paid to the concerned department as per the existing rules for land value compensation of the Himachal Pradesh.

Compensation for House Building: No compensation shall be paid for any structures as no private structures are identified to be affected under the activities identified for the project. No structures were identified either on the forest or on the state government land.

Compensation for Crops: No agricultural land is being acquired, so no compensation is estimated to be paid for the purpose. However, in the project area the main crop is paddy / maize.



CONSTRUCTION STAGE

Air Pollution & Dust Control measures: In order to reduce the emissions due to material transport and construction activities following measures are proposed

• Provisions for sprinkling of water on open surface, • Use of low emission construction equipments, • All stationary machines / DG sets emitting the pollutants shall be inspected frequently• In no case, loose earth will be allowed to pile up along the approach roads. • As soon as the construction activity is over the surplus earth should be utilized to fill

up the low-lying areas, if any. • Limiting the time period of construction.

Water Supply and Sanitation: About 100 workers will be working at site during peak construction. Water demand during construction for labours is estimated about 4.5 KLD which will be supplied from existing water supply source line of the Public Health Engineering Department. A provision of Rs 5.00 Lakh is kept for water supply and sanitation during construction.

Oil Spill control/Management: To control the oil spill during construction stage of the project following measures should be taken for which Rs 2.5 Lakh is kept in provision.

• Good housekeeping• Routine checkup of construction machineries and equipments• Temporary cement/metal platform

Solid Waste Management: Refuse disposal program should include storage, collection and disposal. Solid waste generated during construction will be 10.0 Kg/day. The solid waste generated shall have adequate collection, conveyance and disposal facilities and will be disposed along with existing collection and disposal system. Collection containers of about 20 liters capacity fitted with side handles to facilitate handling shall be provided. Rs 10.00 Lakh is kept for solid waste management during construction.

First Aid Health System: Health problems of the workers should be taken care of by providing basic health care facilities. All necessary first aid and medical facilities will be provided to the workers. The provision and maintenance of suitably equipped first aid facility throughout the extent of the works has to be borne by the contractor who shall be responsible for welfare arrangements and requirements to the satisfaction of the Supervision Consultant and Site Engineer.

Training and Extension: These programmes should be extended for the workers for their active participation in the project implementation and to get awareness for safety, disaster prevention, action required in case of emergency, fire protection, environmental risk analysis etc. The cost involved for such a programme is estimated as Rs.2.00 Lakh.

Soil Erosion Control: The soil erosion at construction site can be minimized by preventing work in monsoon season, ramming of soil immediately after excavation, no accumulation of earth debris at site and efficient management of storm water collection system.

OPERATION STAGE

Air Pollution Control: During Operation Phase, the major sources of air pollution are from DG sets only. Control measures to reduce the pollutant emissions from DG sets are:

• Periodic maintenance of DG sets as per defined schedule of manufacturer.



• These D. G. Sets shall meet CPCB guidelines.

Water Supply and Sanitation: During operation of the Ropeway project the water requirement for staff, security and passenger would be 87.0 KLD which will be supplied through HPIPH. A provision of Rs 15.00 Lakh will be required towards development of water supply system. The wastewater generation from all the activities during operation phase shall be 69.6 KLD. This waste water will be managed by providing sanitation facility at lower and upper terminal by joining the existing Sewer Line, which is10m away from LTP and UTP.

Solid Waste Disposal: The solid waste generated will be 210.0 kg per day. The solid waste will be managed systematically and scientifically through Solid Waste Management system. As per the anticipated activities, no hazardous waste will be generated due to operation of ropeway and tourism facilities. The solid waste generated shall have adequate collection, conveyance and disposal facilities and will be disposed along with existing collection and disposal system of Dhraramshla Municipal Corporation Disposal Site. The collection, segregation and disposal of solid waste generated during construction will be managed by putting a system in place for which a provision of Rs 20 Lakhs is kept.

First Aid Health System: All necessary first aid and medical facilities will be provided at Lower and Upper terminals. The provision and maintenance of suitably equipped first aid facility has to be borne by the Dharamshala Ropeway Limited.

Green Belt: The greenbelt will be developed around the terminal buildings which not only functions as landscape but also acts as pollution sink / noise barrier. In addition to augmenting present vegetation, it will also check soil erosion, make the ecosystem more diversified and functionally more stable, make the climate more conducive and restore balance. A provision for green belt at lower and upper terminal is kept Rs. 1.0 Lakhs.

Community Development Program (CDP): The project uses land and people of the local society. It affects the availability of local resources. In response to that provide employment to the people living in the project area. However many are left out and could avail the benefits extended to the local groups by the project proponent. Keeping in view the social dimensions of the project, a comprehensive Community Development Program (CDP) is prepared. The estimated budget for livelihood enhancement works, gender support, infrastructure development support, education assistance under community development program is kept Rs. 20.00 Lakhs (Rs. Twenty Lakhs Only). The amount shall be used through need assessment and requirement basis.

11.6 RISK ANALYSIS

Risk assessments include detailed quantitative and qualitative understanding of risk, its physical, social, economic and environmental factors and consequences. Risk assessment encompasses the systematic use of available information to determine the likelihood of certain events occurring and the magnitude of their possible consequences. The causes of risk may be:

• Cable slipped out of the rails at the tower from the upper station can cause the carriages to be knocked off. The accident took place due to negligence.

• Cabin lost its hold with the cable and collided with the another one cabin of ropeway car and hit another on the way,

• Hill collapsed midway and trolleys were dangling in the air.

• Snapping of Rope wire,



• Power system failure,

• Collision with entering station: operator failed to slow the vehicle down upon entering the station it causes collision of the ropeway car at the entering station, and

• Holding capacity of soil/Geology

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE: A systematic routine maintenance and inspection schedule, based on maintenance and inspection plan, which shall be specified by the designer, shall be developed and set down in writing by the manufacturer of the passenger ropeway. The schedule shall include the specification of lubricant and frequency of lubrication of each element involving moving parts. It shall stipulate that parts showing excessive wear shall be replaced immediately. Condemning limits or tolerances shall be defined. It shall include a schedule for checking and tightening all bolts, especially on rope attachments. Where appropriate for any passenger ropeway, suitable records of the rates of deterioration (such as corrosion, erosion, etc.) shall be maintained. During a periodic inspection, a Safety Officer may inspect towers, sheave assemblies, brakes and braking functions, and the operation of main drives, auxiliary drives, and evacuation drives where applicable.

SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLANS: Under a safety management plan, the licensed contractor will be required, as per terms and condition of licensing, to submit the names of the people and their corresponding qualifications that will provide service and maintain the installed passenger ropeway equipment. Contractors will need to have this safety management plan in place at each area where passenger ropeways or passenger conveyors are operating.

ELECTRICAL PROTECTION: All overhead electrical power transmission wiring shall be so protected that, in case of collapse or breakage of the power line, it will not come into contact with chairs, cars, cables, or passengers.

11.7 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

The main aim of the disaster management plan is safety of the passenger, quick response to accident and treatment to casualties, evacuation of passengers to safe area, bring the disaster under control within short time and investigation of accident and prepare prevention plan.

Preventive Action: Once the likelihood of a disaster is suspected, action has to be initiated to prevent a failure. Manager responsible for preventive action should identify sources of repair equipments, materials, labour and expertise for use during emergency.

Emergency Action Committee: To ensure co-ordination action, an Emergency Action Committee should be constituted. The civic administrator may be the Chairman of this Committee.

Emergency Measure: The emergency measures are adopted to avoid any failure in the system. The aim of Emergency Action Plan is to identify areas, population and structures likely to be affected due to a catastrophic event of accident. The action plan should also include preventive action, notification, warning procedures and co-ordination among various relief authorities.

Rescue Operation: Aerial ropeways shall be equipped with adequate and sufficient facilities which shall be readily available to clear the line of passengers and return them within a reasonable time to a terminal, or location, where access for emergency services is available.



Sufficient numbers of trained persons for carrying out the rescue operation (the rescue crew) shall be on duty when the aerial ropeway is in operation.

11.8 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

Water Quality: The project authorities shall establish a procedure for water quality surveillance and ensure safe water for the consumers. Minimum 3 samples shall be tested around the project site for drinking water quality parameters as per BIS: 10500. Water monitoring should be carried out at least three times a year to cover seasonal variations by any Government or recognized private agency. Water quality should be analyzed by applying the standard methods. Water quality shall be monitored before starting the construction, during the construction phase, and for at least one year after the completion of the project. The cost for water quality monitoring is estimated of Rs. 2.16 lakh.

Air and Noise Quality: To assess the effectiveness of air and noise pollution control, ambient air quality and noise levels shall be monitored during the construction and for at least one year after the completion of the project. The Parameters to be monitored for airquality are PM10, PM2.5, SO2, CO, and NOx at least three locations. The frequency of air qualitymonitoring will be Once in Month for Three Season in a Year. Ambient Noise Quality will be monitored at least three locations. The frequency and duration for noise quality monitoring is same as air. The cost for air and noise quality monitoring is estimated of Rs. 4.05 lakh.

Soils Quality: Soil near to the construction area shall be monitored to ascertain presence of soil pollution due to construction activities. The parameters to be monitored are pH, Texture, Total Organic Matter, Nitrogen, Phosphate, Moisture Content, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Chloride, Magnesium, and Electric Conductivity. The frequency of soil quality monitoring will be once in Season for at least three locations. The cost for soil quality monitoring is estimated of Rs. 1.35 lakh.

Establishment of Environmental Cell: The project authority shall establish an Environmental cell in the initial stage of the project. The division shall have one Environmental Engineer/Officer. The task of the environmental Engineer/Officer shall be to supervise and co-ordinate environmental concerns, monitoring and implementation of mitigation measures. The officer will monitor the environmental works in coordination with the Project Director. Cost of such a division has been estimated as Rs. 25.96 lakh.

11.9 ENVIRONMENTAL COST

The environmental costs towards implementation of environmental management plan and mitigation measures during pre-construction, construction and operation of the proposed project is estimated of Rs. 153.44 lakh.

11.10 PUBLIC HEARING

Public Hearing of the proposed project was held on 20th August, 2016 at Community Hall, Dharamshala, as per the provision of EIA Notification S.O.No.1533 (E) dated 14.09.2006 after the public notice published in the daily English and Hindi News Papers Hindustan Times on dated 19th July 2016 and Danik Bhaskar on dated 18th July 2016 to invite people to participate in the meeting for their suggestion/views/comments/objection/query.

The public hearing panel concludes that the Public Hearing was success, with the public in favor of the project. All the suggestions put up by the public during public hearing has been accepted by project proponent and comments were replied to all the speakers.



11.11 CONCLUSION

The project is being developed in one of the most traffic dense corridors of Himachal Pradesh. The location has strategic and political importance. The location is one of the major tourist destinations in the country. The project will provide a safer means of transportation. All possible environment aspects have been adequately assessed and necessary control measures have been formulated to meet with statutory requirements, during the preparation of the EIA report. Thus implementing this project will not have any appreciable negative impacts. In view of Environmental Impact Assessment study conducted, the proposed project is environment friendly and would enhance the development in the region.

*****


Disclosure of Consultant Page 12.1

CHAPTER 12DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT

12.1 EIA CONSULTANT

Name of Project

EC/FAE Name of Expert Name of Associate Experts

Name of Firm

EIA Study for Development of Passenger Ropeway between Dharamshala to McLeodganj, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh

Environmental Coordinator (EC)

Mr. M P Mandal Mr. Deepak Kumar Jain RITES Ltd.Gurgaon

AP Dr Manoj Mishra (Empanelled)

Mr. Abhay Kumar Sharma

MSW Mr. Harinag Mrs Jaya ShingWP Mr. M P Mandal Mr. Deepak Kumar JainNV Dr Manoj Mishra

(Empanelled)Mr. M P Mandal

HG Mr. S Kunnar Mr. Sanjay I RautGEO Mr. S Kunnar NilSE Dr. Akhilesh Ranjan NilLU Mr. Sanjay I Raut Mr. Deepak Kumar JainRH Mr. Ashutosh Bhadra

& Mr. Ravindra Kode (Empanelled)

Mr. Vijay Pratap

AQ Dr Manoj Mishra (Empanelled)

Mr. Deepak Kumar Jain

EB Mr. Manish Markand Indurkar

Nil

SC Mr. Manish Markand Indurkar

Nil

12.2 OTHER ORGANIZATION/LABORATORIES ENGAGED

Air and Noise Quality Monitoring: Avon Food Lab (Pvt.) Ltd, New Delhi,

Water Sample Testing: SIGMA Test & research Centre, New Delhi

Soil Sample Testing: J.M.Envirolab Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon

GIS Study: n-Dimensional GIS Solution, Hyderabad


A - 1.1 1

Annexure 1.1TERMS OF REFERENCE


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A - 1.1 3


A - 1.1 4


A - 1.1 5


A - 1.2 1

Annexure 1.2

EFFLUENT DISCHARGE STANDARDS (INLAND SURFACE WATER)

S.No. Parameter Unit Standards1 Colour & Odor -- All efforts should be made to

remove colour and unpleasant odor as far as practicable.

2 Suspended Solids Max. mg/l 1003 Particle size of Suspended Solids -- Shall pass 850 micron IS Sieve4 pH value -- 5.5 to 9.05 Temperature, Max. oC Shall not exceed 5°C above the

receiving water temperature6 Oil and grease, Max. mg/l 107 Total residual Chlorine, Max. mg/l 1.08 Ammonical Nitrogen (as N), Max. mg/l 509 Total Kjeldah Nitrogen (as N), Max. mg/l 100

10 Free Ammonia (as NH3), Max. mg/l 511 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5

days at 20°C), Max.mg/l 30

12 Chemical Oxygen Demand Max. mg/l 25013 Arsenic (as As), Max. mg/l 0.214 Mercury (as Hg), Max. mg/l 0.0115 Lead (as Pb), Max. mg/l 0.116 Cadmium (as Cd), Max. mg/l 2.017 Hexavalent Chromium (as Cr+6),

Max.mg/l 0.1

18 Total Chromium (as Cr) Max. mg/l 2.019 Copper (as Cu), Max. mg/l 3.020 Zinc (as Zn), Max. mg/l 5.021 Selenium (as Se), Max. mg/l 0.0522 Nickel (as Ni), Max. mg/l 3.023 Cyanide (as CN), Max. mg/l 0.224 Fluorides (as F), Max. mg/l 2.025 Dissolved phosphates (as P), Max. mg/l 5.026 Sulphides (as S), Max. mg/l 2.027 Phenolic compounds (as C6H5OH),

Max.mg/l 1.0

28 Radioactive Materialsα Emitters, μcurie/ml, Max.β Emitters, μcurie/ml, Max.

mg/l10-7

10-6

29 Bio-assay test mg/l 90% survival of fish after 96


A - 1.2 2

S.No. Parameter Unit Standardshours in 100% effluent

30 Manganese (as Mn) mg/l 2.031 Iron (as Fe) mg/l 3.032 Vanadium (as V) mg/l 0.233 Nitrate Nitrogen mg/l 10.0


A - 1.3 1

Annexure 1.3

DRINKING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (IS 10500:2012)

S.No.

Substance or Characteristic

Requirement (Desirable

Limit)

Undesirable Effect outside the Desirable

limit

Permissiblelimit in the absence of alternate source

Essential Characteristics 1 Colour, Hazen units, Max 5 Above 5, consumer

acceptance decreases15

2 Odour Agreeable - Agreeable3 Taste Agreeable - Agreeable4 Turbidity NTU, max 1 Above 5, consumer

acceptance decreases5

5 pH Value 6.5 to 8.5 Beyond this range the water will affect the mucous membrane and/or water supply system

No relaxation

6 Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/l, Max

200 Encrustation in water supply strucute and adverse effects on domestic use

600

7 Iron (as Fe) mg/l, max 0.3 Beyond this limit taste/appearance are affected, has adverse affect on domestic uses and water supply structures and promotes iron bacteria

No relaxation

8 Chloride (as Cl) mg/l, Max 250 Beyond this limit, test, corrosion and palatability are affected

1000

9 Free Residual free Chlorine, mg/l, Min

0.2 - 1.0

10 Fluoride (as F) mg/l, Max 1.0 Fluoride may be kept as low as possible. High fluoride may cause florosis

1.5

11 Dissolved solids mg/l, Max 500 Beyond this palatability decreases and may cause gastro intestinal irrigation

2000

12 Calcium (as Ca) mg/l, Max 75 Encrustation in water supply structure and adverse effects on domestic use

200

13 Magnesium (as Mg) mg/l, Max

30 Encrustation in water supply structure and

100


A - 1.3 2

S.No.



Limit)


limit


Essential Characteristics adverse effects on domestic use

14 Copper (as Cu) mg/l, Max 0.05 Astringent taste, discoloration and corrosion of pipes fitting and utensils will be caused beyond this

1.5

15 Manganese (as Mn) mg/l, Max

0.1 Beyond this limit taste/appearance are affected, has adverse effect on domestic uses and water supply structures

0.3

16 Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l, Max

200 Beyond this causes gastro intestinal irritation when magnesium or sodium are present

400

17 Nitrate (as NO3) mg/l, Max 45 Beyond this methaemoglobinemia takes place

No relaxation

18 Phenolic compounds (as C6H5OH) mg/l, Max

0.001 Beyond this, it may cause objectionable taste and odour

0.002

19 Mercury (as Hg) mg/l, Max 0.001 Beyond this, the water become toxic

No relaxation

20 Cadmium (as Cd), mg/l, Max

0.003 Beyond this the water become toxic

No relaxation

21 Selenium (as Se), mg/l, Max


No relaxation

22 Arsenic (as As), mg/l, Max 0.01 Beyond this the waterbecome toxic

0.05

23 Cyanide (as CN), mg/l, Max


No relaxation

24 Lead (as Pb), mg/l, Max 0.01 Beyond this the water become toxic

No relaxation

25 Zinc (as zn), mg/l, Max 5 Beyond this limit it can cause astringent taste and an opalescene in water

15

26 Anionic detergents (as MBAS), mg/l, Max

0.2 Beyond this limit it can cause a light froth in water

1.0

27 Total Chromium (as Cr) mg/l, Max

0.05 May be carcinogenic above this limit

No relaxation


A - 1.3 3

S.No.



Limit)


limit


Essential Characteristics 28 Polynuclear aromatic

hydrocarbons (as PAH) mg/l, Max

0.0001 May be carcinogenic No relaxation

29 Mineral oil mg/l Max 0.01 Beyond this undesirable and odour chlorination place

0.03

30 Pesticides mg/l Max Absent Toxic 0.00131 Radioactive materials

a) Alpha emitters Bq/l max

b) Beta emitters pci/l, Max

0.11.0

-

-

No relaxation

No relaxation

32 Total Alkalinity (as CaCo3)mg/l Max

200 Beyond this limit taste becomes unpleasant

600

33 Aluminium (as Al), mg/l Max

0.03 Cumulative effect is report to cause demntia

0.2

34 Boron (as B), mg/l, Max 0.5 - 1.035 Ammonia (as total

ammonia-N) mg/l, Max0.5 No relaxation


A - 1.4 1

Annexure 1.4

NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

Pollutant Time Weighted Average

Industrial, Residential,

Rural & Other Area

Ecologically Sensitive Area

(notified by Central

GovernmentSulphur Dioxide (SO2), μg/m3

Annual 24 Hours**

5080

2080

Nitrogen Dioxide as NO2, μg/m3

Annual 24 Hours**

4080

3080

Particulate Matter (size less than 10μm) or PM10μg/m3

Annual 24 Hours**

60100

60100

Particulate Matter (size less than 2.5μm) or PM2.5 μg/m3

Annual *24 Hours**

4060

4060

Ozone (O3 μg/m3 8 hours**1 Hours**

100180

100180

Lead (Pb) μg/m3 Annual *24 Hours**

0.501.0

0.501.0

Carbon Monoxide (CO) mg/m3

8 Hours**1 Hour**

0204

0204

Ammonia (NH3) μg/m3 Annual *24 Hours**

100400

100400

Benzene (C6H6) μg/m3 Annual * 05 05Benzo (a) pyrene (BaP)particulate phase only nm3

Annual * 01 01

Arsenic (AS) ng/m3 Annual * 06 06Nickle (Ni) ng/m3 Annual * 20 20

Source: Central Pollution Control Board Notification dated 18th November 2009* Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken twice a week hourly at uniform intervals** 24 hourly or 08 hourly or 01 hourly monitored values, as applicable, shall be complied with 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time, they may exceed the limits but not on two consecutive days of monitoring.


A - 1.5 1

Annexure 1.5

NATIONAL AMBIENT NOISE STANDARDS

Category of Zones Leq in dB (A) Day * Night

Industrial 75 70Commercial 65 55Residential 55 45

Silence Zone ** 50 40Source: Central Pollution Control Board

* Day Time is from 6.00 AM to 9.00 PM.** Silence Zone is defined as an area up to 100m around premises of Hospitals, Educational Institutions and Courts. Use of vehicle horn, loudspeaker and bursting of crackers is banned in these zones.


A - 2.1 1

Annexure 2.1

LAND DETAILS


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A - 2.1 6


A - 2.2 1

Annexure 2.2

NOC from HPSEB


A - 4.1 1

Annexure 4.1LIST OF COMMON TREES, SHRUBS, HERBS AND CLIMBERS

Sl. No. Local name English name Botanical name1. Aam Mango Mangifera indica2. Aalon - Cassia tora3. Aerand Castor tree Ricinus communis 4. Ailan - Pieris ovalifolia 5. Akhnor Horse chest-nut Aesculus indica6. Aira - Sareooa saligna 7. Aisan - Terminalia tomentosa 8. Akash bal Dodder Cuscusta reflexa 9. Akh ,dudla - Calatropis procera 10. Akha Raspberry yellow Rubus paninculatus 11. Akha Raspberry yellow Rubus ellipticus 12. Akha Raspberry red Rubus biflorus 13. Akha - Rubus maoelentus 14. Ambara Hog plum Spondia mangifera 15. Amblu - Antidesma diandrum 16. Amrer - Viburnum ooriaceum 17. Amrud Guava Psidium gavava 18. Amla - Emblica officinalis 19. Aru Peach Prunus persica 20. Arjun The Arjuna Terminalia arjuna 21. Babar grass Bhabar grass Eulaliopsis binata 22. Badah Willow Salix tetrasperma 23. Badrakhan - Rubus nivous 24. Badrol - Machilus duthiei25. Badrol - Machilus gamblei 26. Badrol /Gharamb - Machilus odoratissima27. Bhang Hemp Cannabis sativa 28. Bakain /Drek Persian Lflac Melia azadarach 29. Baldekar bal - Technocarpus frutescens30. Balsam - Impatiens thomsoni 31. Balsam - Impatiens royalei 32. Basam - Impatiens scabrida 33. Ban White oak Quercus incana 34. Ban Aoin/Jawain Wild thyme Thymus serphyllum 35. Ban basuti - Caryopteris vallachians 36. Ban chola - Flemingia semialata 37. Ban kakri - Podophyllum emodii 38. Ban malti Jasmine Jasminum pubescens 39. Badam Almond Prunus amagladus 40. Ban souol - Pagostemon plectranthoides 41. Bana ,Wana - Vitex negundo 42. Banaksha - Viola canescens 43. Bankhor - Spiroao lindleyana 44. Banni Holy oak Quercus glauca 45. Bans ,bauntlu Male bamboo Dendrocalamus stictus 46. Baobring Burn Embelia robusta 47. Ber - Zizyphus mauritiana 48. Barari - Lonicera angustifolia 49. Barh Banyan tree Ficus bengalensis 50. Barna - Crataeva religiosa 51. Baxhahi ,Bilea - Liminia eremulata 52. Barora ,Dudli - Irnohelospermum fragrans 53. Barthiia - Hymenodictyon excelsum54. Basant - Reinwarditin trigyna


A - 4.1 2

Sl. No. Local name English name Botanical name55. Basant jari - Looa aspera 56. Bashal Willow Salix dephnoides 57. Bashal Willow Salix dentifulata 58. Bashal Willow Salix wallichiana 59. Basuti - Adayhoda vasica 60. Batindu - Stephania elegans 61. Batindu - Cissampelos pareira62. Behera - Terminalla belerica63. Bhadrun - Gymnosporia royleana64. Bhakara - Saurauja nepaulenels65. Bharma/Buarina - Astragalus jacquemontii66. Bharmala - Euonymus pendulus67. Bharoos - Echinops echinatus 68. Bhekal - Prinsepie utills69. Bhirang - Deeringia celosioides70. Bhurbel - Aspidopterys vallichii71. Bhurj - Betula utills72. Bichhu-buti - Urtica dioica73. Bichhu-buti - Girardinia heterophylloa74. Bij Bael Tree Aegle Marmelos75. Braoken - Pteris cretica76. Bras, Brah - Rhododendron arboretum77. Broom Grass Broom Grass Thysenaleena agrostis78. Bukain - Maeoss matriana79. Celon, Ciloe - Tinospora Malabarica80. Ceckhbar Tha Fever Nut Caesalpinia bonucella81. Cha Tea Plant Camellia thea82. Chakri/Khirki Hornbeam Carpinus viminea83. Chamar bel - Vitis trifolia84. Chamar samn - Glochoidion velutinum85. Champa - Michelia champaca86. Chamror - Ehretia laevis87. Charki - Clematis grata88. Chibru meckrun - Clematis nutans89. Chikri - Euonymus lazyrus90. Chil Chir Pine Pinus roxbergii 91. Chilla Aril ornange Caseria tomentosa92. Chilla Aril ornange Caseria graveolens93. Chirindi - Litsea Umbrosa94. Chota Hendru - Myrsine Africana95. Chirindi - Xylosma longifolium96. Dadrar - Mimosa rubicaulis97. Dagur The fig Ficus hispdia98. Dainther - Solanum Melongeana99. Datura - Datura straminium100. Dendru - Deutria corymbosa101. Dendru - Deutsia sataminea102. Dendru - Itea nutans103. Dhak, Palah - Butea monosoerma104. Dhakkari - Clerodendron phlomidis105. Dhalu - Chrysopogan fulvus106. Dhaman - Grewia mainesiana107. Dhaman beul - Grewia oppositifallia108. Dhamriana - Grewia laevigata109. Dhanger - Acacia caesia110. Dhao - Anogeissus latifolia111. Dharu/Daru Wild Pomegranate Punica granatum


A - 4.1 3

Sl. No. Local name English name Botanical name112. Dhwain - Woodfordia fruticosa113. Dhullen - Hygrangea altissima 114. Dhup/Dhoop - Jurinia macrocephala115. Dhur bel - Aspidopterys walliachii116. Dhur malti jesamine Jasminum arborescens117. Dhura, Dudla Wild fig Ficus palmate118. Diar/Kelon Deodar Cadrus deodara119. Dub the dub Cynodon dactylon120. Dhurbana, dhura - Buddein asiatica121. Dudh khal - Vallaris haynei122. Dudla The fig Ficus nemoralis123. Dudli - Hypericum cermum124. Durghari - Mimosa himalayana125. Duri/Duari Hill toon Cedrala serrata126. Durpa, Siaru - Buddleia paniculata127. Dusen - Colebrookia oppositifolis128. Faindal, jhol The bridal wreath Porana panioulata129. Fehalsh Pencil cedar Juniperus recurve130. Fhalsh - Taxus bacoata131. Gadi kuri - Bridalia retusa132. Gajal bel - Mucuna prurita133. Galaodan - Rhamnus triquetra134. Galeo - Gornus macrophylla135. Gandla Curry leaf Murraya koenigii136. -137. Greru /Pariaru - Erythrnia suberosa 138. Garna, karonda - Carrisa spinarum139. Gaor bel - Clematis montna140. Geori bel - Clematis puberula141. Ghian - Litsaea polyantha 142. Ghanira/Kaner Oleander Nerium odorun143. Ghin - Elaeagnus umbellate144. Gida Dakh - Vitis latefollia145. Gin bhankar - Premna micronata146. Ginani - Premna barbata147. Girgithan - Sageretia oppositfolia148. Girthan - Flueggea microarpa149. Guilhain padarai - Hamiltonia suaveolens150. Guj Small leaved elm. Ulnus laevigata151. Gun Horse chestnut Aesculus indica152. Gumbar - Gmalina arborea 153. Handbahera - Caroya arborea154. Harar - Terminalia chebula 155. Hium garna - Capparia sepiarea156. Ierni - Tylophora hirsute157. Isabgol - Plantago tibetica158. Jablota - Jatropha curcas159. Jacaranda Jacaranda Jacaranda ovalifolia160. Jagru - Desmodium sambuense161. Jagra - Desmodium app162. Jaman The Jaman Syzygium cuminii163. Jaman Khumb - Crytolepis buchanin164. Jamani Red currant Ribes rubrum165. Jamin Bird cherry Prunus cornuta166. Jhol - Clematis gouriana167. Jangli

badam/thangi- Corylus colurna


A - 4.1 4

Sl. No. Local name English name Botanical name168. Jingru, Jindru - Randia tetrasperma169. Kachnar - Bauhinia variegate170. Kahi - Saccharum spontaneum171. Kail Blue pine Pinus wallichiana172. Kali basuti - Pagostemon placetranthoides173. Kainth Wild Madlar Pyrus pashia174. Kakrain - Pistacia integerrima175. Kalam - Stephegyna parvifolia176. Kala Akha - Rubus lasiocarpus 177. Kala Akha - Rosa macrophylla178. Kala Dhao - Diospyros Montana179. Kali - Skimmia laureala180. Kamal - Mallotus philippinensis181. Kandeu/Charka The Himalayana Holi Ilex dipyena 182. Kandrol - Ficus cunia 183. Kanal 1 - Lonicera quinquelocularis184. Kaniar The Indian Laburnum Cassia fistula185. Kangu - Flacourtia ramontchi 186. Kao/Kahu The Indian Olive Olea cuspidate187. Kao thalihana - Rhamnus purpurea188. Kapasi - Urena lobata189. Kaphal - Myrica nagi190. Kapur minger - Strobilanthes auriculatus191. Karal - Bauhinia racemosa192. Karal - Bauhinia malabarica193. Karal - Baubinia purpurea194. Karandle - Ficus clavata195. Karmaru - Albizzia oderatiss in 196. Karmaru - Albizzie julibriss in197. Karrun/Krun The hill mulberry Morus serrata198. Karu - Gentiana kuroo199. Kasa kurl - Trema politoria200. Kasmiri Patha - Rhpdodendron campanulatum201. Kasmal Barberry Berberis odgeworhiana202. Kasmal Barberry Berberis iycium203. Kasmal Barberry Berberis aristate204. Kathaman - Eugenia jambolana205. Katagri - Euonymus echinatus206. Kath 1 mattu - Indigofera gerardiana207. Kath 1 mattu - Indigofera dosua208. Kath 1 mattu - Indigofera pulchella209. Kath 1 mattu - Indigofera hebepetala210. kehmble Barberry Lannea coromandalioa211. Kelon - Cedrus libani212. Kendu - Diospyros cordifolia 213. Keor Conessi barh tree Holarrhena antidysenerica214. Khair Khair Acacia eatechu215. Khajur Date palm Phoenix sylvestris216. Khalawa - Wrightia tomentosa217. Kharik Nettle tree Caltis austrelis218. Kharsu Brown oak Quercus semicarpifolia219. Khor, Akhrot Walnut Juglans regia220. Khurmani Apricot Prunus armeniaca221. Kibal - Rhamnus virgatus222. Kikal ber - Zizyphus oenoplia223. Kikkar Babul Acacia Arabica224. Kinu - Diospyros tomentosa


A - 4.1 5

Sl. No. Local name English name Botanical name225. Koi - Alnus nitida226. Koi - Alnus nepalensis227. Kujh, Kunj Yams Rosa moschata228. Kuri, Karsingar - Nyctanthes arbortristis229. Kuhman - Cordia macleodii230. Laluan - Lingustrum compactum231. Lambu - Heteropogon contortus232. Larandu - Meliosma pungans233. Lasura Obliqua Cordia dicholama234. Lasura - Cordia myxa235. lasuri - Cordia vestita236. Later chamba - Pterospermum acerifolium237. Lichi - Nephellum litchi238. Ligga - Bochmeria regulosa239. Linger - Asphenium polypodioides240. Loder - Symplocos crataegoides241. Lungi - Chrysopogon Montana242. Magar Thorny bamboo Bambusa arundinacea243. Mahwa - Bassia latifolia 244. Maiaen hair fern - Adianthum venustum245. Makhan Tallow tree Sapium sebiferum246. Mirch Chilli Capsicum indicum247. Maklain - Pyrus folloisa248. Makora - Cymbopogon martini249. Malt1 - Jasminum grandiflorum250. Malla - Zizyphus nunnuleria251. Mandar Maple Acer caesium252. Mandhiara - Andrachna cordifolia 253. Marak - Bischoftia javanica254. Maral Klm Ulmus wallichiana255. Margain - Clematis buchananiana256. Maror phalli - Helicteres isora 257. Mehndru Maple Dodonaea viscose258. Morindu, Nirgu - Elaeodendron glaucum259. Mohr - Dendrocalamus hamiltonii260. Munj - Saccharum minja261. Murd bel - Dregea volubilis262. Murian - Helinus lanceolatus263. Nacchar - Cariaria nepalensis264. Nagdaun Snake stick Staphylea emodi265. Nal - Bambusa nutans266. Nargan China box Murraya exotica267. Narr - Arundo donax268. Neem Margosa tree Asadirachta indica269. Nimbu Lemon tree Citrus medica270. Nigral - Arundinaria falcate271. Nigral - Thamnocalenus spathiflora272. Oh1 - Albizzia stipulate273. Padara - Leptodermis lanceolata274. Padara - Boohmeria platyphylla275. Padara - Ficus infectoria276. pudeena Mint Mentha viridis277. Padaren - Wikstroemla canescens278. Padol - Stereospermum suaveolens279. Pajja - Prunus padus280. Palakh - Ficus rumphii281. Pansara - Wendlandla exserta


A - 4.1 6

Sl. No. Local name English name Botanical name282. Parand - Loranthus ligustrinus283. Parand - Dendrophthoa falcate284. Pard - Cocculus laurifilius285. Paror - coculus Laurifllius. 286. Patis - Aconitum Heterophyllum287. Paulnu, Phulnu - Lantana camera 288. Phsk - Sageretia theezans. 289. Phalsa, Pharuman - Grewia elastica. 290. Phalsh Himalyan Poplar Populus ciliata. 291. Phulal Phulal Acacia modesta292. Pissubuai,

pissumar- Boenninghausenia albiflora.

293. Pipal Pipal Ficus raligiosa.294. Puls - Kydia Calyenia. 295. Pura - Ehretia acuminate. 296. Putajan - Putranjiva roxburghil297. Puth Kanda - Achyranthes aspera 298. Rahan - Litsaea chinensia299. Rai Himalayan spruce Abies pindrow300. Raina - Ilex bodiana 301. Rajain, pardesi - Holoptelea integrifolia 302. Ram ban - Agave Americana303. Ramble - ficus glomerta 304. Rara - Randia duetorum305. Rattak - Abrus precatorius306. Rauns - Cotoneaster bacillaris 307. Raunsri - Cotoneaster acuminate308. Ralan - Caesalpinia sepiara309. Ralan, Dhangar - Acacia caesia 310. Reru, Karer - Acacia leucophlaea311. Res. - Cotoneaster microphylla312. Rhini - Taxillus bestitus313. Ritha Soap nut Sapindus mukurossi314. Rob1nia Black locust Robinia pseudoecacia315. Rudder - Ficus faveolata316. Rumbal - Ficus glomerata317. Sal - Shorea robusta318. Salorh - Pueraria tuberose319. Samma - Engelhardtla oolebrookoana320. Sandhrar - Calastrus paniculata321. Snagtra Orange Citrus aurantium322. Sannan - Ougelnla oojeinensis323. Sansaoni - Jasminim officinale 324. Sapri - Periploca calophylla325. Sarain - Jasminum dispermum326. Sazap chahali Cobra plant Arisaema wallichianum327. Saru Pyramidal cypress Cupressus torulosa328. Safeda - Eucalyptus citriodora329. Safeda - Eucalyptus spp.330. Shebtut Mulberry Morus laevigata331. Shamshad Box wood Buxus aeppervirens332. Shaur/sharol - Betula alnoides333. Shinh - Lonicera purpurascens334. Shupe/Shur Haimalayan Pencil

Cedar Juniperus macropoda

335. Sia, tut - Morus indica336. Siaru - Debrageasia hypolecua


A - 4.1 7

Sl. No. Local name English name Botanical name337. Silver oak - Grevillea robusta338. Simbal Silk cotton tree Salmallia malabricum339. Siris kala Black siris Albizzia lebbek340. Siris safed White siris Albizzia procera341. Solangen - Millettia auriculata342. Sonsan - Osyris arborea343. Sohzard - Jasminum hummle344. Sahanjna - Moringa pterygospaerma345. Tagar - Tabernaomontans coronaries346. Tall, Shisham Sisoo Dalbergia sissoo347. Taliani - Viburnum nervosum348. Tat-palanga The Indian Labrunum Oroxylum indicum349. Tour Camel s foot climber Bauhinia vahlii350. Tern1 - Tylophora hirsute351. Teshu - Rosa sericea352. Thor - Euphorbia royleana353. Tirmira - Zanthoxylum alatum354. Tosh Himalayan spruce Picea smithlana355. Trembla - Ficus roxburghil356. Triurl - Spiraea bella357. Tulsl The tulsl Ocimum sanctum358. Tun Toon Cedrella toona359. Tung Wig plant Rhus continus360. Tung - Pyrus lanata361. Tu Mulberry Morus alba362. Ulan - Solanum verbascifolium363. Valaitu Mesquite Prosopis juliflora364. Wanu - Hiptage madablota

Source:-Forest working plan Dharmashala division, Dharmashala


A - 4.2 1

Annexure 4.2LIST OF BIRDS WITH THEIR CHARATERCTICS

Sl. No. Family Common Name Scientific Name Characteristics 1 Prodicipedidae:

Grebes Little Grebe Podicepes euficollis Common, Chiefly resident,

part migratory2 Prodicipedidae:

GrebesRed Necked Grebe

Podiceos crisegena Rare winter visitor: only one sighting at Pong Dam Lake on 2nd December 1985

3 Pelecanidae : Pelicans

Grey Pelican Pelecanus Philippenais crispua

Not-so-common, resident and locally migratory

4 Phalacrocoracidae : Cormorants And Darter

Little Cormorant Phalacrocoraa niger Not-so-common, Resident with local movements

5 Phalacrocoracidae : Cormorants And Darter

Darter Anhinca rufa Not-so-common, Resident with local movements

6 Ardeidae : Herons, Egrets, Bitterns

Grey Heron Ardea Cimerea Common, Residents


Purple Heron Ardea purpurea Not-so-common, Resident and local migrant


Pond Heron Ardaola qrayii Common, Shifting locally with drought and food conditions


Cattle Egret Bubulcusibis Common, Resident, shows altitudinal migration


Large Egret Ardea alba Common, shifting locally with water conditions


Little Egret Egretta crarzetta Common, shifting locally with water conditions

12 Ciconiidae : Storks Painted Stork Mycteria Leucocephala

Common, shifting locally with water conditions

13 Anatidae Ducks, Gease Swans

Barheaded Goose Anser indicus Not-so-common, winter visitor


Pintail Anas Acuta Common, winter visitor


Common Toal Anas Crecca Common, winter visitor


Spotbill Or Grey Duck

Anas poeci1orhvach Not-so-Common, Resident and occasionally migratory


Shoveller Anas clypeata Common winter visitor


Gargeny Or Bluewinged Teal

Anas guerguedula Common migratory bird does not seem to stay at pong Lake


Mallard Anas piatyrhynchos Common winter visitor


Gadwall Anas strepera Common winter visitor


Wigeon Anas penelope Common winter visitor


Ruddy Bhelduc Or Brahminy Duck;

Tardorna Ferrucinea Common winter visitor

23 Accipitridae : Hawks, Vultures, Etc

Black Winged Kite El

anus caeruleus Common, Resident

24 Accipitridae : Pariar Rite Milvus migrans Common, Resident


A - 4.2 2

Sl. No. Family Common Name Scientific Name Characteristics Hawks, Vultures, Etc

covinda

25 Accipitridae : Hawks

Braminy Kite Haliastur Indus Common, Affects water areas, Resident


Shirka Accipiter badius Common, Resident

Accipitridae : Hawks

Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax Common, Resident


Black Or King Vulture

Sarcoqyps calvds Common, Resident


WHITEBACKED OR BENGAL Vuljrure

Gyps beneqalansis Common, Resident


Whiter Scavenger Vulture Or Pharaoh's Chicken

Neophron percnopterus

Not so-common, winter visitor


Crested Serpent Eagle

spilornis cheela Common, Resident, possibly subject to some local migration


Osprey Pandion haliaetus Not so-common, winter visitor


Margh Harrier Circus aeruqinosus Not-so-common winter visitor

33 Falognidae :Falcons

Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Not-so-common winter visitor

34 Phasianidae: Pheasants,' Patridges, Duails Etc. BLACK

Partridge Prancolinus francolinus

Common, Resident


Grey Partridge Prancolinus pondicerianus

Common, Resident


Grey Quail Coturnix coturnix More common in winter


Jungle Bush Quail Perdicula asiatica Common, Resident


Red Jungle Fowl Gallus gallus Common, Resident


Common Peafowl Pavo cristatus Not-so-common, Resident

40 Rallidae :Rails, Coots

White Breasted Waterhen

Amaurornis phoenicurus

Common, Resident


Moorhen Gallinula choropus Common; seen in winter only


Coot Fulica atra common; Seen in winter only


A - 4.2 3

Sl. No. Family Common Name Scientific Name Characteristics 43 Rallidae :Rails,

CootsPurple Moorhen Porphyrio porphyrio Common in winter season

44 Recurvirstridae ; Stilt, Avocets

Blackwinged Stilt Himantopus himantopus

Not so-common, seen only towards adjoining Punjab areas

45 Burhinidae : Stone Curlews

Stone Curlew Burhinus oedicnamus Common, Resident

46 Burhinidae : Stone Curlews

Great Stone Plover

Esacus maqnirostris Not-so-common,seen at pong lake in winter only

47 Glareolidae :Coursers, Pratincoles

Small Indian Pratimcole

Glareola lactas Common, seen at Pong Lake on in summer and rainy season

48 CHARADRIIDAE :Pi Overs, Sandpipers, Snipe

Red Wattled Lapwing

Vanallus indicus Common, Resident


Lapwing Or Peewit Or Green Plover

Vanellus vanellus Common, Winter, visitor


Little Ringed Plover

Charadrius dubius Common, Noticed at the lake in Summer and winter


Common Sandpiper

Trinqa hypoleucos Common in Winter


Common Redshank

Trinqa totanus Common, Winter visitor


Greenshank Trinqa ochropus Common, Winter visitor


Green Sandpiper Trinqa ochropus Common, Winter visitor


Temminck's Stint alidris temminckii Common, Winter visitor


Snipe Gallinaqospp Not-so-common, winter visitor


Spjrwinged Lapwing

Vanellus spinosus Common in winter

58 Laridae : Gulls, Terns

Indian River Tern Sterna aurantia Common, Resident


Black Bellied Tern Sterns acuticaula Common, Resident


Black Headed Gull

Larus rldibundus Common, winter visitor to the Pong Dem Lake


Great Black Headed Gull

Larus idhthvaetus Common, winter visitor to the Pong Dem Lake

62 Pterclididae :Sandgrouse

Blue Rock Pigeon Columba livia Common, Resident


Indian Ring Dove Streptopelia decapcto

Common, Resident


Spotted Dove Streptopelia Chlnensis

Common, Resident


Red Turtle Dove Streptopelia tranquebarica

Common, Resident


A - 4.2 4

Sl. No. Family Common Name Scientific Name Characteristics 66 Pterclididae

:SandgrouseLittle Brown Dove Streptopelia

senagalenslsCommon, Resident

67 Psittacidae:Parrots Alakndrine Parakeet

Paittacula Supatria Common, Resident and locally migratory

68 Psittacidae:Parrots Rose Ringed Parakeet

Paittacula Krameri Common, Resident

69 Psittacidae:Parrots Slatyheaded Parakeet

PsittaculaHimalavana Common, Altitudinal winter migrant

70 Psittacidae:Parrots Blossom Headed Parakeet

Psittacula Cvanocephala

Common, Resident

71 Cuculidae : Cuckoos

Pied Crested Cuckoo

Clamator Iacobinus Common, Monsoon Visitor


Common Hawk Cuckoo Or Eraiafever Bird

Ccuculus Varlus Common, Resident And Migrates Locally


Indian Cuckoo Cuelus Micropterus Common During Rains


The Cuckoo Cuelus Canorus Common, Resident And Migration Locally


Koel Eudvnamya Scolopacea

Common, Resident And Migration Locally


Sirkeer Cuckoo Taccocua 1eschanaultii

Not-So-Common, Resident


Crow Pheasant Or Coucal

Centropus Sinensis Common, Resident

78 Strigidae : Owls Spotted Owlet Athena Brama Common, Resident

79 Strigidae : Owls Jungle Owlet Glauodium Radiatum Not-So-Common, Resident

80 Strigidae : Owls Great Horned Owl Bubo Bubo Common, Resident81 Caprimulgidae :

NightjarsCommon Indian Nightjar

Caprimulgus asiaticus

Common, Resident

82 Apodidae :Swifts

House Swift Apus affinis Common, Resident

83 Apodidae :Swifts

Himalayan Swiftlet

Collocalia brevirostris Common, Resident

84 Alcedinidae : Kingfishers

Lsseer Pied Kingfisher

Crvle rudis Common, Residentary


Common Kingfisher

Alcedo atthis Common, Residentary


White Breasted Kingfisher

Halcyon smyrnensis Common, Residentary

87 Meropidae Bee-Eaters

Chestnut Headed Bee-Eater

Merops leschenaulti Common, Residentary, Distribution quite patchy in the foothills of Himalayas

88 Meropidae Bee-Eaters

Green Bee-Eater Merops orientalis Common, Resident, Not as common in winter as during summer & rains

89 Coraciidae : Rollers

Indian Rooler Coracias carrulus Common, Resident

90 Upupidae : Hoopoes

Hoopoe Upupa spops Common, Resident

91 Bucerotidae : Hornbills

Common Grey Hornbill

Tockus birostris Common, Resident, Subject to local movements looking for fruit bearing trees


A - 4.2 5

Sl. No. Family Common Name Scientific Name Characteristics 92 Capitonidae :

BarbasLarge Green Barset

Meqalaima zevlenica Common, Resident

93 Capitonidae : Barbas

Crimson Breasted Barget, Coppersmith

Meqalaimahaemacephala

Common, Resident

94 Picidae : Woodpeckers Lesser

Goldenebacked Wood Pecker

Dinopium benghalensa

Common, Resident


Black Naped Green Mood Pscher

Picus canus Common, Altitudinal winter


Mahratta Woodpecker

Dandro-copos mahrattensis

Common, Resident


Himalayan. Scalyb Ellied Green Woodpecker

Picus squamatua Common, Altitudnel migrant


Wryneck Jynx torginllla Common, Seen in winter

99 Pittidae : Pittas Indian Pitta Pitta brachyura Not-so-common, Seasonal migrant, seen during summer & rains

100 Alaudidae : Larks Singing Bush Lark Mirafra Javanica Common, Resident101 Alaudidae : Larks Ashycrow,Ned

Finch-Lark Eremoptarix qrisea Common, Resident

102 Alaudidae : Larks Crested Lark Galerida cristats Common, Resident103 Alaudidae : Larks Skylark Alauda gulcrule Common, winter visitor104 Alaudidae : Larks Red Winged Bush

LarkMirafra erythroptara No-so-mommon

105 Alaudidae : Larks Calandra Lark Melanocorypha Spp Common, Winter visitor106 Alaudidae : Larks India Sand Lark Calendrella revtal Common, Resident107 Hirundinidae:

SwallosPlain Sand Martin Riparia paludicola Common, Resident,

subject to local movements

108 Hirundinidae: Swallos

Swallow Hirundo rustica Common in Summer


Wirs Tailed Swallow

Hirundo smithii Common, Resident, more common in summer

110 Hirundinidae:Swallos

Indian Cliff Swallow

Hirundo fluvicola Common ,Resident, more common in summer


Striated Or Redrumped Swallow

Hirundo dauriea Not-so-common Winter visitor

112 Laniidae : Shrikes Rufous Backed Shriks

Lanius schech Common, Resident

113 Oriolidie : Orioles Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus Common during summer and rains

114 Oriolidie : Orioles Black Headed Oriole

Oriolus traillii Common, Resident, subject to local migration

115 Oriolidie : Orioles Maroonvoriole Oriolus xanthornus Not-so-common, Resident, subject to loc migration

116 Dicrjridae : Drongos

Black Drongo Or Aing-Crow

Dicrurus adsimilis Common Resident

117 Dicrjridae : Drongos

Black Drongo Or Aing-Crow

Dicrurus caarulescens

Common Resident


A - 4.2 6

Sl. No. Family Common Name Scientific Name Characteristics 118 Sturnidae:

Starilings, MynasBlack Headed Or Brahminy My An

Sturnus pagodarurn Common, Resident but capricious

119 Sturnidae: Starilings, Mynas

Pied Myna Sturnus contra Common, Resident


Common Myna Acridotherss tristis Common, Myna


Bank Myny Acridotherss qinginianus

Common, Resident


Jungle Myna Acridotherss fuscus Common, Resident

123 Corvidae : Crows, Magies, Jays etc

Indian Tree Pie Dendrocitta vagabunda

Common, Resident


Hojee Crow Corvus splendens Common, Resident, shows diurnal local migration


Jongle Crow Corvus macrorhvnchos

Common, Resident shows diurnal local migration


Pjnjab Raven Not-so-common, Seenin the month of Septa85

127 Campephagtdae : Cuckoo-Shrikes and Minivets

Common Wood Shriks

Tephrodornis pondicerianus

Common, Resident

128 Campephagtdae : Cuckoo-Shrikesand Minivets

Scarlet Minivet peri crocotus flamueus

Common, Resident, shows altitudinal winter migration

129 Campephagtdae : Cuckoo-Shrikes and Minivets

Small Minivet Pericrocotus cinnsmomaus

Common, Resident

130 Irenidae: Fairy Blue Bird, Ioras and Leaf Bird

Common Uora Aegithins tiphia Common, Resident

131 Pycnonitidae: Bulbuls

Whitecheeked Bulbul

Pycnontus leucoganys

Common, Resident


Redvented Bulbul Pycnontus Cafer Common, Resident


Black Bulbul Hypsipates madacascariensis

Common in winters, shows altitudinal winter migration

134 Muscicapidae : Babblers, Flycatchers, Werblers, ruhhes and Chats

Slaty-Headed Gcimitar-E Abbler

Pematorhinus schisticaps

Common, Resident


JUNGLE BABBLER

Turdoides striatus Common, Resident


Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus Common, Resident


Striatsd Babbler Turdeides cariei Resident, Common

138 Muscicapidae : Babblers,

Ysllow Syed Babbler

Chrvsomma sinenss Common, Resident


A - 4.2 7

Sl. No. Family Common Name Scientific Name Characteristics Flycatchers, Werblers, ruhhes and Chats


Spotted Babbler Pellorneum rufjeepsNot-so-common, Resident


Verditer Flycatcher

Muscicapa thalassina Common, Profuse during summer and rain seasons


Grey Headed Flycatcmer

Culicicapa cevlonensis

Common, Seen in all the seasons in these foothill areas


Paradise Flycatcher

Terpsiphone paredisi Common, Seen mostly in spring season


White Throated Fantail Flycatcher

Rhipidura albicollis Common, Altitudinal winter migrant


Yellow Ballied Fantail Plycatcher

Rhipidura hvpexantha

Common, Alticudinal winter migrant

145 Sylviinae :Warblars

Tailor Bird Orhotomus sutorius Common, Resident


Indian Great Reed Warbler

Acrocophalus stantoreus

Common, Winter visitor


Northern Ashy-Grey Hren Warblsr

Prinia spp. Common, Seen in summer and Rains


Brown Leaf Warbler Or Chiffchapf

Phvlioscopus collybita



Plain Leaf Warbler

Phviloscopus neglectua



Tickell s LEAF WARBLER

Phviloscopus affinis Common, Winter visitor


Pallas's Leaf Warbler

Phyiloscopus prorequlus



Blyth's Leaf Warbler

Phyioscopus lfequloides



Rufous Wheh-Warbler

Primia rufeecens Common, Resident

154 Turdiae : Thrushes and Chats

Blue Throat Brithacus svecicus Common, Winter visitor


Magpie-Robin Or Dhyal

Copsychus saularis Common, Resident


Black Red Stard Phognicurus ochrures

Common, an altitudinal winter migrant


A - 4.2 8

Sl. No. Family Common Name Scientific Name Characteristics 157 Turdiae : Thrushes

and ChatsPlumbeous Redstart

Phyacornis fuliqinosus

Common, an altitudinal winter migrant


Whits Capped Redstart Or River Chat

Chaimarrornis leucocephalus

Common, distinctively an altitudinal winter migrant


Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicsts Common, Resident


Pied Bush Chat Saxicola forrea Common, Resident


Dark Grey Bush Saxicola forrea Common, an altitudinal migrant


Blue Rock Thrush Monticol a soclitarius Common, Seen during summer and winter in Himalayan foothills


Blue Whistling Thrush

Mviophonus caeruleus

Common, an altitudinal winter visitor


STONE CHAT Or COLLARED BUSH CHAT

Saxicola; torguata Common, found in the Pong Dem Lake areas duringsummer and Winter


Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe Not-so-common, Seen in November-December s 85 at the pong Dam Lake


Brown Rock Chat Cercomela fusca Common, Resident

167 Cinclidae : Dippers West Himalayan Brown Dipper

Cinclus Dallasii Not-so-common, Resident

168 Paridas : Tits or Titmics

Grsy Tit Perus major Common, Resident

169 Paridas : Tits or Titmics

Green Hacked Tit Parus montic'olus Not-So-common, winter visitor

170 Sittidae : Nuthatches, Creepers

Chestnutdsllied Nuthatch

Sitta castanaa Not-so-common, Resident

171 Sittidae : Nuthatches, Creepers

Wall Creeper Tichodroma muraria Common, A distinctive altitudinal wint migrant to the Pong Dem Lake areas

172 Certhiidae : Tree Creepars

Himalayan Tres Creeper

Certhls himelevana Common, an altitudinal winter migrant

173 Motacillldae :Pipits and wagtial

Tree Pipit Anthus trivial is Common, Winter visitor

174 Motacillldae :Pipits and wagtail

Brown Rock Pipit Anthus similis Common, Resident, more seen during winter season at the Pong Dam lake


Padoyfield Pipit anthus novueseolandiee

Common, Mostly seen during summer the Pong Dem Lake areas


White Wagtail Motacilla albs Common, Winter visitor


Yellow Wagtail Motacill a flava Common, Winter visitor


Indian Tree Pipip Anthus hodosoni Common, more commonly seen during Winter season in the Pong Dem Lake area


Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris Common, seen in Winter


Redthroated Pipit Cervinus

Common, seen in Winter

181 Dicaeidae: Ticktll s Flower Diceeum Common, Resident


A - 4.2 9

Sl. No. Family Common Name Scientific Name Characteristics Flowerpeckers Pecker ervthrorhynchos

182 NECTARINIIDAE: Sun Birds

PJRPLE SUNBIRD

Aethopyja asiatica Common, Resident

183 NECTARINIIDAE: Sun Birds

YELLOW BACKED SUNBIRD

Aethopyja siparai Common, Seen moi common during winter season in these foot hill areas

184 Zosteropidae: Whita Eye

White Eye Zostarops palpebrosa

Common, Resident

185 Plocetdae : Weaver Birds

House Sparrow Pesser domes ficus Common, Resident

186 Plocinae :Weaver Birds, Bayas

Baya Ploceus phi lipoinus Common, Resident

187 Estrididae: Avadavat, Munias

Red Munta Or Avadavat

Estrilde onsndava Common, Resident


White Throated Munta

Lonchura Malabarica Common, Resident


White Backed Munta

Lonchura striata Common, Resident


Spotted Munta Lonchura panctulata Common, Resident

191 Fringillidae : Finches

Common Rose Filch

Caroodncus erythrinus

Not-so-common, Resident

192 Dmberieldae : Buntings

CRESTED BJNTING

Melophue lathami Common, Resident

Source: - Dharmashala Forest division, Dharmashala

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141

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LTP

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LTP

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1617

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D/sh

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1718

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2228

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P

2329

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D/sh

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UP1

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LTP

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D/sh

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LTP

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D/sh

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P

2633

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D/sh

ala

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D/Sh

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C860

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P

2734

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D/sh

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C860

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2835

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D/sh

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3037

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D/sh

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D/sh

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LTP

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3340

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D/sh

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3441

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D/sh

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3542

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3643

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D/sh

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UP1

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D/Sh

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LTP

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3845

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3946

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D/sh

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4047

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D/sh

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P

4149

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D/sh

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4251

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D/sh

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4453

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4657

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P

4758

D/sh

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D/sh

ala

UP1

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ala

C860

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141

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P

4859

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ala

D/sh

ala

UP1

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ala

C860

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141

Gree

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andi

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P

4962

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ala

D/sh

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UP1

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C860

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0.56

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Stan

ding

LTP

5063

D/sh

ala

D/sh

ala

UP1

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D/Sh

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C860

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Pajja

54V

0.02

8Gr

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Stan

ding

LTP

5164

D/sh

ala

D/sh

ala

UP1

39K

D/Sh

ala

C860

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99III

0.56

6Gr

een

Stan

ding

LTP

5265

D/sh

ala

D/sh

ala

UP1

39K

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C860

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122

IIA1.

132

Gree

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andi

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P

5369

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ala

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UP1

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ala

C860

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141

Gree

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andi

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P

5470

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ala

D/sh

ala

UP1

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C860

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Ohi

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0.56

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Stan

ding

LTP

5571

D/sh

ala

D/sh

ala

UP1

39K

D/Sh

ala

C860

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Ohi

105

III0.

566

Gree

n St

andi

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P

5672

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ala

D/sh

ala

UP1

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C860

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Khira

k54

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028

Gree

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andi

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P

5773

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ala

D/sh

ala

UP1

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ala

C860

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162

IIB1.

332

Gree

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andi

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P

5874

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ala

D/sh

ala

UP1

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ala

C860

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Punn

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566

Gree

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andi

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P

5976

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ala

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ala

UP1

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C860

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Khira

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566

Gree

n St

andi

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P

6078

D/sh

ala

D/sh

ala

UP1

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C860

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Khira

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141

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URB

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6179

D/sh

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ala

UP1

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C860

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Ohi

108

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566

Gree

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andi

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P

6280

D/sh

ala

D/sh

ala

UP1

39K

D/Sh

ala

C860

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Khira

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141

Gree

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andi

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P

6383

D/sh

ala

D/sh

ala

UP1

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C860

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Punn

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566

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andi

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P

6484

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ala

D/sh

ala

UP1

39K

D/Sh

ala

C860

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Khira

k11

9III

0.56

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Stan

ding

LTP

6585

D/sh

ala

D/sh

ala

UP1

39K

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ala

C860

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Khira

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141

Gree

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andi

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P

661

M/G

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UP-

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672

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537

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Pajja

122

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132

Gree

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andi

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wer

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int

683

M/G

anj

M/G

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UP-

139-

K-D'

shal

aC-

537

.64

Pajja

62IV

0.14

1Gr

een

Stan

ding

Tow

er

Poin

t

694

M/G

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M/G

anj

UP-

139-

K-D'

shal

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537

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80IV

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int

705

M/G

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M/G

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UP-

139-

K-D'

shal

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537

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Baan

86IV

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716

M/G

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139-

K-D'

shal

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537

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andi

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int

727

M/G

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anj

UP-

139-

K-D'

shal

aC-

537

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52V

0.03

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n St

andi

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Po

int

738

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP-

139-

K-D'

shal

aC-

537

.64

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0.21

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n St

andi

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Po

int

749

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP-

139-

K-D'

shal

aC-

537

.64

Alen

67IV

0.14

1Gr

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Stan

ding

Tow

er

Poin

t

7510

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP-

139-

K-D'

shal

aC-

537

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Chil

126

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36Gr

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Stan

ding

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er

Poin

t

7611

M/G

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M/G

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UP-

139-

K-D'

shal

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537

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shal

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537

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7813

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K-D'

shal

aC-

537

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0.21

Gree

n St

andi

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wer

Po

int

7914

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP-

139-

K-D'

shal

aC-

537

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Baan

85IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

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wer

Po

int

8015

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP-

139-

K-D'

shal

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537

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65IV

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Po

int

8116

M/G

anj

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anj

UP-

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K-D'

shal

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537

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Baan

80IV

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Gree

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andi

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Po

int

8217

M/G

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shal

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537

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Po

int

8318

M/G

anj

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K-D'

shal

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537

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Alen

62IV

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1Gr

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Stan

ding

Tow

er

Poin

t

8419

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP-

139-

K-D'

shal

aC-

537

.64

Alen

56V

0.02

8Gr

een

Stan

ding

Tow

er

Poin

t

8520

M/G

anj

M/G

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UP-

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K-D'

shal

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537

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Bura

ns98

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566

Gree

n St

andi

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wer

Po

int

8624

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

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0.21

Gree

n St

andi

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wer

Po

int

8725

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

62IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngTo

wer

Po

int

8827

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

68IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngTo

wer

Po

int

8930

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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n St

andi

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Po

int

9031

M/G

anj

M/G

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Stan

ding

Tow

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9133

M/G

anj

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C-9c

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78IV

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n St

andi

ngTo

wer

Po

int

9238

M/G

anj

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A -

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12

9340

M/G

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ding

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9545

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M/G

anj

R 1

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Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

9646

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar12

0III

0.42

Gree

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TP

9749

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Deod

ar80

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Stan

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UTP

9850

M/G

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Stan

ding

UTP

9951

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

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C-9c

9.20

Alen

90III

0.56

6Gr

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Stan

ding

UTP

100

54M

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Stan

ding

UTP

101

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Stan

ding

UTP

102

56M

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jR

1 K

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20Ba

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IV0.

21Gr

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Stan

ding

UTP

103

61M

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1 K

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20Ba

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Stan

ding

UTP

104

62M

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105

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Stan

ding

UTP

106

64M

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20Ba

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03Gr

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Stan

ding

UTP

107

65M

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Stan

ding

UTP

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A -

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13

109

67M

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ding

UTP

110

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Stan

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UTP

111

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Stan

ding

UTP

112

70M

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Stan

ding

UTP

113

71M

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Stan

ding

UTP

114

72M

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9c9.

20Ba

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03Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

115

73M

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jM

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jR

1 K

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9c9.

20Ba

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V0.

03Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

116

74M

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Stan

ding

UTP

117

75M

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ding

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118

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ding

UTP

119

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120

78M

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104

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121

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106

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n St

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122

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jR

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20De

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TP

123

81M

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124

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Stan

ding

UTP

128

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Stan

ding

UTP

129

87M

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131

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ding

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132

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133

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1 K

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20Ba

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Stan

ding

UTP

134

94M

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Stan

ding

UTP

135

95M

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Bano

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Stan

ding

UTP

136

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n St

andi

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TP

137

97M

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jM

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jR

1 K

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20Ba

an46

V0.

03Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

138

98M

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jM

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jR

1 K

Bano

iC-

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20Kh

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74IV

0.14

1Gr

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Stan

ding

UTP

139

99M

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1 K

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Stan

ding

UTP

140

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M/G

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M/G

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101

M/G

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M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

60IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

142

102

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

62IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

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TP

143

105

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

68IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

144

106

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

58V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

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TP

145

107

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

64IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

146

108

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

44V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

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TP

147

109

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

44V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

148

110

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Khad

am68

IV0.

141

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

149

111

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Khad

am84

IV0.

141

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

150

112

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar80

IV0.

14Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

151

113

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

48V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

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TP

152

114

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Alen

42V

0.02

8Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

153

115

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

40V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

154

116

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

68IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

155

117

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Alen

60IV

0.14

1Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

156

118

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

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52V

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4.3

16

157

119

M/G

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M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

44V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

158

120

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Alen

36V

0.02

8Gr

een

Stan

ding

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159

121

M/G

anj

M/G

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14Gr

een

Stan

ding

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160

122

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

41V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

161

123

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

74IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

162

124

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

72IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

163

125

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

50V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

164

126

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

66IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

165

127

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

62IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

166

128

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

64IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

167

129

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

54V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

168

130

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

68IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

169

131

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar56

V0.

07Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

170

132

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

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C-9c

9.20

Deod

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V0.

07Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

171

133

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

54V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

172

134

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

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17

173

135

M/G

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M/G

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K Ba

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9.20

Deod

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IV0.

14Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

174

136

M/G

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M/G

anj

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K Ba

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C-9c

9.20

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50V

0.03

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n St

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ngU

TP

175

137

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

46V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

176

138

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

64IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

177

139

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

62IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

178

140

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar68

IV0.

14Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

179

141

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

76IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

180

142

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar78

IV0.

14Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

181

143

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar44

V0.

07Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

182

144

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

80IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

183

145

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

34V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

184

146

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

80IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

185

147

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Khad

am36

V0.

28Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

186

148

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

58V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

187

149

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

58V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

188

150

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

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18

189

151

M/G

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anj

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K Ba

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C-9c

9.20

Khad

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IV0.

141

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

190

152

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

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78IV

0.21

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n St

andi

ngU

TP

191

153

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar34

V0.

07Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

192

154

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

58V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

193

155

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

78IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

194

156

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

64IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

195

157

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar44

V0.

07Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

196

158

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Alen

132

IIA1.

132

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

197

159

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

72IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

198

160

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Bura

ns78

IV0.

141

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

199

161

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Alen

76IV

0.14

1Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

200

162

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

50V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

201

163

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar54

V0.

07Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

202

164

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Bura

ns64

IV0.

141

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

203

165

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Alen

42V

0.28

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

204

166

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

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C-9c

9.20

Deod

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19

205

167

M/G

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M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

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68IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

206

168

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

68IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

207

169

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

48V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

208

170

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

62IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

209

171

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

60IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

210

172

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

86IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

211

173

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

62IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

212

174

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

82IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

213

175

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Bura

ns46

V0.

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Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

214

176

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Khad

am11

2III

0.56

6Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

215

177

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

62IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

216

178

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

58V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

217

179

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Chil

180

IIB2.

35Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

218

180

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

44V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

219

181

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

60IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

220

182

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Chil

80IV

0.23

Gree

n St

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TP

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A -

4.3

20

221

183

M/G

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M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

64IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

222

184

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

62IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

223

185

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

64IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

224

186

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

66IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

225

187

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

60IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

226

188

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

54V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

227

189

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

78IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

228

190

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

44V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

229

191

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar88

IV0.

14Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

230

192

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Alen

48V

0.02

8Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

231

193

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

44V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

232

194

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

46V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

233

195

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Bura

ns52

V0.

028

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

234

196

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

68IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

235

197

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

55V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

236

198

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

62IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

URB

AN

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ON

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GIN

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ING

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Mc

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ganj

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(Him

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l Pra

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)

A -

4.3

21

237

199

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

62IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

238

200

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

62IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

239

201

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar10

2III

0.42

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

240

202

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar82

IV0.

14Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

241

203

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

40V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

242

204

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar11

6III

0.42

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

243

205

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

44V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

244

206

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

64IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

245

207

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

68IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

246

210

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

66IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

247

211

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Pajja

64IV

0.14

1Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

248

212

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

50V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

249

217

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

74IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

250

218

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar10

6III

0.42

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

251

219

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar11

6III

0.42

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

252

220

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

58V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

URB

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ING

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A -

4.3

22

253

221

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

42V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

254

222

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Popu

lar

112

III0.

566

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

255

223

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Popu

lar

92III

0.56

6Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

256

224

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Popu

lar

108

III0.

566

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

257

225

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Popu

lar

100

III0.

566

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

258

226

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar70

IV0.

14Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

259

227

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Popu

lar

84IV

0.14

1Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

260

228

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Popu

lar

106

III0.

566

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

261

233

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar11

8III

0.42

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

262

234

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar88

IV0.

14Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

263

235

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar18

0IIB

2.38

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

264

236

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

42V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

265

237

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Alen

60IV

0.14

1Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

266

244

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

82IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

267

245

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

92III

0.75

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

268

251

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar15

2IIB

2.38

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

URB

AN

/EN

VIR

ON

MEN

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GIN

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ING

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dy fo

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men

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wee

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aram

shal

a to

Mc

Ledo

ganj

, Kan

gra

(Him

acha

l Pra

desh

)

A -

4.3

23

269

252

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Khad

am12

2IIA

1.13

2Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

270

253

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar14

8IIA

1.26

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

271

254

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar72

IV0.

14Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

272

255

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

88IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

273

256

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar90

III0.

42Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

274

257

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

92III

0.75

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

275

258

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

44V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

276

259

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

64IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

277

260

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

72IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

278

261

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

68IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

279

262

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

70IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

280

263

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

48V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

281

264

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

77IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

282

265

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Bura

ns52

V0.

028

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

283

266

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

56V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

284

267

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar16

8IIB

2.38

Gree

n St

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ngU

TP

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A -

4.3

24

285

268

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

68IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

286

269

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Kain

th48

V0.

08Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

287

270

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

52V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

288

271

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

94III

0.75

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

289

272

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar14

8IIA

1.26

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

290

273

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar48

V0.

07Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

291

274

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

50V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

292

275

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar15

0IIA

1.26

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

293

276

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

48V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

294

277

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

52V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

295

278

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Chil

126

IIA1.

36Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

296

279

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

52V

0.02

8Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

297

280

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Bura

ns11

8III

0.02

8Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

298

281

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

40V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

299

282

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

60IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

300

283

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Bura

ns44

V0.

028

Gree

n St

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TP

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A -

4.3

25

301

284

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Bura

ns48

V0.

028

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

302

285

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

52V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

303

286

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

54V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

304

287

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

48V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

305

288

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

40V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

306

289

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar48

V0.

07Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

307

290

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Bura

ns56

V0.

028

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

308

291

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Alen

58V

0.02

8Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

309

292

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Bura

ns50

V0.

028

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

310

293

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

56V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

311

294

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar74

IV0.

14Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

312

295

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

70IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

313

296

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar76

IV0.

14Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

314

297

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

56V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

315

298

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

50V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

316

299

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Alen

56V

0.02

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ding

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A -

4.3

26

317

300

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Bura

ns48

V0.

028

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

318

301

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar48

V0.

07Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

319

302

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

68IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

320

303

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

46V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

321

304

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

55V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

322

305

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Bura

ns58

V0.

028

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

323

306

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Deod

ar68

IV0.

14Gr

een

Stan

ding

UTP

324

307

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

48V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

325

308

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R 1

K Ba

noi

C-9c

9.20

Baan

56V

0.03

Gree

n St

andi

ngU

TP

326

309

M/G

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537

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Baan

100

III0.

75Gr

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Stan

ding

ROW

423

106

M/G

anj

M/G

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UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4Ba

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III0.

75Gr

een

Stan

ding

ROW

424

107

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4Ba

an96

III0.

75Gr

een

Stan

ding

ROW

425

108

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4"

98III

0.75

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

426

115

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4Ba

an94

III0.

75Gr

een

Stan

ding

ROW

427

118

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4Ai

len

88IV

0.14

1Gr

een

Stan

ding

ROW

428

120

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4"

105

III0.

566

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

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AN

/EN

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A -

4.3

33

429

122

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4ch

il11

4III

0.65

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

430

124

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4ch

il15

2IIB

2.35

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

431

129

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4Ba

an84

IV0.

21Gr

een

Stan

ding

ROW

432

130

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4"

85IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

433

133

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4Ba

an88

IV0.

21Gr

een

Stan

ding

ROW

434

135

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4"

86IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

435

136

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4"

86IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

436

141

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4"

98III

0.75

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

437

142

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4"

90III

0.75

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

438

144

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4"

112

III0.

75Gr

een

Stan

ding

ROW

439

145

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4"

95III

0.75

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

440

146

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4"

92III

0.75

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

441

147

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4"

100

III0.

75Gr

een

Stan

ding

ROW

442

148

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4"

98III

0.75

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

443

150

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4Ba

an11

2III

0.75

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

444

153

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4Ba

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6III

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Gree

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A -

4.3

34

445

154

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4"

115

III0.

75Gr

een

Stan

ding

ROW

446

155

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4"

92III

0.75

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

447

157

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4Ai

len

86IV

0.14

1Gr

een

Stan

ding

ROW

448

162

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4ch

il18

4IA

3.62

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

449

166

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4Ba

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IV0.

21Gr

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Stan

ding

ROW

450

167

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

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107

III0.

75Gr

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Stan

ding

ROW

451

179

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4Ba

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III0.

75Gr

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Stan

ding

ROW

452

182

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4Ba

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0III

0.75

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

453

183

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4"

80IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

454

184

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4"

92III

0.75

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

455

185

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4"

88IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

456

186

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4"

115

III0.

75Gr

een

Stan

ding

ROW

457

187

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

UP

139K

D/s

hala

C-5

37.6

4"

84IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

458

7M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

ANO

IC9

c9.

20Ba

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3III

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Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

459

8M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

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IC9

c9.

20"

102

III0.

75Gr

een

Stan

ding

ROW

460

14M

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/Gan

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K B

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IC9

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)

A -

4.3

35

461

18M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

ANO

IC9

c9.

20"

96III

0.75

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

462

20M

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jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

ANO

IC9

c9.

20"

100

III0.

75Gr

een

Stan

ding

ROW

463

25M

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/Gan

jR1

K B

ANO

IC9

c9.

20"

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0.75

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

464

26M

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jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

ANO

IC9

c9.

20"

96III

0.75

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

465

27M

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jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

ANO

IC9

c9.

20"

88IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

466

31M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

ANO

IC9

c9.

20Ba

an88

IV0.

21Gr

een

Stan

ding

ROW

467

32M

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/Gan

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K B

ANO

IC9

c9.

20"

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0.75

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

468

37M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

ANO

IC9

c9.

20"

95III

0.75

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

469

40M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

ANO

IC9

c9.

20"

86IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

470

45M

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jM

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jR1

K B

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IC9

c9.

20"

98III

0.75

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

471

46M

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jR1

K B

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IC9

c9.

20"

86IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

472

48M

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jM

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jR1

K B

ANO

IC9

c9.

20"

93III

0.75

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

473

51M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

ANO

IC9

c9.

20"

98III

0.75

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

474

55M

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jM

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jR1

K B

ANO

IC9

c9.

20"

83IV

0.21

Gree

n St

andi

ngRO

W

475

63M

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jM

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jR1

K B

ANO

IC9

c9.

20Kh

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88IV

0.14

1Gr

een

Stan

ding

ROW

476

64M

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K B

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A -

4.3

36

477

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Stan

ding

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478

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Stan

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479

104

M/G

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Stan

ding

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481

166

M/G

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M/G

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Stan

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M/G

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483

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M/G

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484

198

M/G

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9.20

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75Gr

een

Stan

ding

ROW

485

199

M/G

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Stan

ding

ROW

486

200

M/G

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M/G

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W

487

211

M/G

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M/G

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9.20

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104

III0.

75Gr

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Stan

ding

ROW

488

213

M/G

anj

M/G

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102

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Stan

ding

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489

216

M/G

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490

231

M/G

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491

246

M/G

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492

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M/G

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493

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4.3

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Stan

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M/G

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Gre

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M/G

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M/G

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Gre

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M/G

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Gre

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7512

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112

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M/G

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116

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119

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M/G

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101

M/G

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M/G

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Gre

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174

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176

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Gre

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187

19M

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Gre

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190

23M

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Gre

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192

28M

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329

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141

Gre

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194

30M

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141

Gre

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195

33M

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Gre

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196

34M

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Gre

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198

36M

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141

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200

39M

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Gre

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201

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242

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203

43M

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205

47M

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206

49M

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Gre

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208

52M

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211

56M

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216

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222

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Gre

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223

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230

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231

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233

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240

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241

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243

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264

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W26

511

5M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

Bura

ns62

IV0.

141

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

266

116

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Ba

an62

IV0.

21G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W26

711

7M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

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K B

AN

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C9c

9.20

Bura

ns52

V0.

028

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

268

118

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Bu

rans

62IV

0.14

1G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W26

911

9M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

Baan

62IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

270

120

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Ba

an58

V0.

03G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W27

112

1M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

Bura

ns46

V0.

028

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

272

122

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

46V

0.02

8G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W27

312

3M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

Baan

52V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

274

124

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

48V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

275

125

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

48V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

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URB

AN

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Stu

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Rop

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a to

Mc

Ledo

ganj

, Kan

gra

(Him

acha

l Pra

desh

)

A -

4.3

52

276

126

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

52V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

277

127

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Bu

rans

56V

0.02

8G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W27

812

8M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

Baan

48V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

279

129

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

56V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

280

130

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

58V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

281

131

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

42V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

282

132

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

42V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

283

133

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

46V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

284

134

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Bu

rans

56V

0.02

8G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W28

513

5M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

Baan

58V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

286

136

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

42V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

287

137

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

62IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

288

138

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

42V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

289

139

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

36V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

290

140

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

36V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

291

141

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

68IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

292

142

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

72IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

293

143

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Ka

inth

34V

0.02

8G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W29

414

4M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

Baan

58V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

295

145

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

56V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

296

146

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Bu

rans

56V

0.02

8G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W29

714

7M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

Baan

36V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

298

148

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

37V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

299

149

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20O

hi34

V1.

132

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

300

150

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Ba

an58

V0.

03G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W30

115

1M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

Kain

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V0.

028

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

302

152

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Ba

an42

V0.

03G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W30

315

3M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

"44

V0.

03G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W30

415

4M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

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V0.

03G

reen

Sta

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W

URB

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Stu

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bet

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a to

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, Kan

gra

(Him

acha

l Pra

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)

A -

4.3

53

305

155

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

42V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

306

156

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

38V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

307

157

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

36V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

308

158

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

42V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

309

159

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

42V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

310

160

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

52V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

311

161

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

32V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

312

162

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20De

odar

68IV

0.14

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

313

164

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Ba

an42

V0.

03G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W31

416

5M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

"46

V0.

03G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W31

516

7M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

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ns88

IV0.

141

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

316

168

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Ba

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21G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W31

716

9M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

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03G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W31

817

0M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

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21G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W31

917

1M

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jM

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jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

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21G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W32

017

2M

/Gan

jM

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jR1

K B

AN

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C9c

9.20

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V0.

028

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

321

173

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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NO

IC9

c9.

20Ba

an46

V0.

03G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W32

217

4M

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jM

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jR1

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AN

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C9c

9.20

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03G

reen

Sta

ndin

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W32

317

5M

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jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

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03G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W32

417

6M

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jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

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03G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W32

517

7M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

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42V

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8G

reen

Sta

ndin

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W32

617

8M

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jM

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C9c

9.20

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028

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

327

179

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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NO

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c9.

20Bu

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58V

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reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W32

818

1M

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jM

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jR1

K B

AN

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C9c

9.20

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36V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

329

182

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

36V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

330

183

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

46V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

331

184

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Bu

rans

42V

0.02

8G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W33

218

5M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

Baan

40V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

333

186

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

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Gre

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l Pra

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)

A -

4.3

54

334

187

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Al

en88

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141

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

335

188

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Ba

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03G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W33

618

9M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

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K B

AN

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C9c

9.20

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03G

reen

Sta

ndin

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W33

719

0M

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21G

reen

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W33

819

1M

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AN

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C9c

9.20

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reen

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W33

919

2M

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K B

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C9c

9.20

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03G

reen

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W34

019

3M

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AN

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C9c

9.20

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21G

reen

Sta

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W34

119

4M

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jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

"44

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03G

reen

Sta

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W34

219

5M

/Gan

jM

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jR1

K B

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C9c

9.20

Bura

ns88

IV0.

141

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

343

196

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Ba

an34

V0.

03G

reen

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ndin

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W34

420

1M

/Gan

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/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

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88IV

0.14

1G

reen

Sta

ndin

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W34

520

2M

/Gan

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/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

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C9c

9.20

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84IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

346

203

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

88IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

347

204

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Ka

inth

42V

0.02

8G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W34

820

5M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

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C9c

9.20

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46V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

349

206

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

56V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

350

207

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

98III

0.75

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

351

208

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

44V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

352

209

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

54V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

353

210

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Al

en80

IV0.

141

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

354

212

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Bu

rans

62IV

0.14

1G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W35

521

4M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

Baan

34V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

356

215

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

84IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

357

217

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Al

en48

V0.

028

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

358

218

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Ba

an98

III0.

75G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W35

921

9M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

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52V

0.02

8G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W36

022

0M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

Baan

66IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

361

221

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

88IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

362

222

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Bu

rans

58V

0.02

8G

reen

Sta

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/EN

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bet

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n Dh

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shal

a to

Mc

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ganj

, Kan

gra

(Him

acha

l Pra

desh

)

A -

4.3

55

363

223

M/G

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reen

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422

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C9c

9.20

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Sta

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W36

522

5M

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C9c

9.20

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1G

reen

Sta

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W36

622

6M

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9.20

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141

Gre

en S

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ing

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367

227

M/G

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M/G

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BA

NO

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20Ba

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reen

Sta

ndin

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W36

822

8M

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/Gan

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C9c

9.20

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ar42

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07G

reen

Sta

ndin

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W36

922

9M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

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AN

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C9c

9.20

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80IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

370

230

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

92III

0.75

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

371

232

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20De

odar

38V

0.07

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

372

233

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Ba

an84

IV0.

21G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W37

323

4M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

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K B

AN

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C9c

9.20

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566

Gre

en S

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ing

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374

235

M/G

anj

M/G

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NO

IC9

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20Ba

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reen

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ndin

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W37

523

6M

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AN

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9.20

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W37

623

7M

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9.20

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141

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

377

238

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

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8G

reen

Sta

ndin

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W37

823

9M

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AN

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C9c

9.20

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72IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

379

240

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

78IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

380

241

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

68IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

381

242

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

88IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

382

243

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

82IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

383

244

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

52V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

384

245

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

38V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

385

247

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Ba

an48

V0.

03G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W38

624

8M

/Gan

jM

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K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

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75G

reen

Sta

ndin

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W38

724

9M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

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75G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W38

825

0M

/Gan

jM

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jR1

K B

AN

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C9c

9.20

kail

44V

0.07

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

389

251

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Al

en48

V0.

028

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

390

252

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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BA

NO

IC9

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20Bu

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68IV

0.14

1G

reen

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ndin

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W39

125

3M

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Gre

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A -

4.3

56

392

254

M/G

anj

M/G

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IC9

c9.

20De

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56V

0.07

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

393

255

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

62IV

0.14

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

394

256

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Ba

an72

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21G

reen

Sta

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W39

525

7M

/Gan

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K B

AN

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C9c

9.20

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5.G

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Sta

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W39

625

8M

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K B

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C9c

9.20

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8G

reen

Sta

ndin

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W39

725

9M

/Gan

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jR1

K B

AN

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C9c

9.20

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46V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

398

260

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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NO

IC9

c9.

20Al

en62

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141

Gre

en S

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ing

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399

261

M/G

anj

M/G

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BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Ba

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21G

reen

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W40

026

2M

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C9c

9.20

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14G

reen

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W40

126

3M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

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C9c

9.20

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07G

reen

Sta

ndin

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W40

226

4M

/Gan

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jR1

K B

AN

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C9c

9.20

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74IV

0.21

Gre

en S

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403

265

M/G

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IC9

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404

266

M/G

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reen

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Gre

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406

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M/G

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827

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927

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127

3M

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AN

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C9c

9.20

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0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

412

274

M/G

anj

M/G

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IC9

c9.

20"

92III

0.75

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en S

tand

ing

ROW

413

275

M/G

anj

M/G

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BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

90III

0.75

Gre

en S

tand

ing

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414

276

M/G

anj

M/G

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BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20De

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46V

0.07

Gre

en S

tand

ing

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415

277

M/G

anj

M/G

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BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Ba

an54

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03G

reen

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W41

627

8M

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C9c

9.20

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727

9M

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828

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420

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A -

4.3

57

421

283

M/G

anj

M/G

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54V

0.03

Gre

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ing

ROW

422

285

M/G

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42V

0.07

Gre

en S

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ing

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423

286

M/G

anj

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NO

IC9

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reen

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428

7M

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9.20

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reen

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W42

528

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6G

reen

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ndin

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W42

628

9M

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C9c

9.20

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141

Gre

en S

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ing

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427

290

M/G

anj

M/G

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NO

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829

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929

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C9c

9.20

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72IV

0.21

Gre

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ROW

430

293

M/G

anj

M/G

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BA

NO

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c9.

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38V

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8G

reen

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W43

129

4M

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C9c

9.20

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66IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

432

295

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Bu

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88IV

0.14

1G

reen

Sta

ndin

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W43

329

6M

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C9c

9.20

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38V

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Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

434

297

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

64IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

435

298

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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BA

NO

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20"

74IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

436

299

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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BA

NO

IC9

c9.

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0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

437

300

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

78IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

438

301

M/G

anj

M/G

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BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

72IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

439

302

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

64IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

440

304

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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BA

NO

IC9

c9.

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reen

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130

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9.20

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6M

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9.20

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8M

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9.20

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Gre

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ing

ROW

444

309

M/G

anj

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BA

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IC9

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20"

46V

0.03

Gre

en S

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ing

ROW

445

310

M/G

anj

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IC9

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ing

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446

311

M/G

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Gre

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447

312

M/G

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450

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ing

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452

317

M/G

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ing

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453

320

M/G

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Gre

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454

322

M/G

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0.14

Gre

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ing

ROW

455

323

M/G

anj

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IC9

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36V

0.07

Gre

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456

324

M/G

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IC9

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Gre

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457

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9.20

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Gre

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462

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NO

IC9

c9.

20"

48V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

463

331

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

48V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

464

332

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Ka

inth

42V

0.02

8G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W46

533

4M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

Baan

62IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

466

335

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Ka

inth

74IV

0.14

1G

reen

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ndin

gRO

W46

733

6M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

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82IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

468

337

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

62IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

469

338

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Al

en94

III0.

566

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

470

339

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

68IV

0.14

1G

reen

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gRO

W47

134

0M

/Gan

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AN

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C9c

9.20

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40V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

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ROW

472

341

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Ka

inth

36V

0.02

8G

reen

Sta

ndin

gRO

W47

334

2M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

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64IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

474

343

M/G

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M/G

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c9.

20De

odar

40V

0.07

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

475

344

M/G

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NO

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20Ba

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03G

reen

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W47

634

5M

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K B

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C9c

9.20

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reen

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W47

734

6M

/Gan

jM

/Gan

jR1

K B

AN

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C9c

9.20

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62IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

478

347

M/G

anj

M/G

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20Ka

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58V

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A -

4.3

59

479

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M/G

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IC9

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20kh

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0.56

6G

reen

Sta

ndin

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W48

034

9M

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K B

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9.20

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Gre

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481

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M/G

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20Ka

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64IV

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1G

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W48

235

1M

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C9c

9.20

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48V

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Gre

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ing

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483

352

M/G

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M/G

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IC9

c9.

20"

64IV

0.21

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

484

353

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

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BA

NO

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20De

odar

74IV

0.14

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

485

354

M/G

anj

M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20Bu

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68IV

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1G

reen

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ndin

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W48

635

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/Gan

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K B

AN

OI

C9c

9.20

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40V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

487

356

M/G

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M/G

anj

R1 K

BA

NO

IC9

c9.

20"

56V

0.03

Gre

en S

tand

ing

ROW

488

357

M/G

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M/G

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490

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ROW

491

360

M/G

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M/G

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BA

NO

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20"

42V

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reen

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W49

236

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C9c

9.20

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493

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W


A - 4.4 1

Annexure 4.4FOREST RIGHT ACT PUBLIC CONSULTATION


A - 4.4 2


A - 4.4 3


A - 4.4 4


A - 4.4 5


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A - 4.4 7


A - 4.4 8


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A - 4.4 15


A - 4.4 16


A -6.1 1

Annexure 6.1COMPANSATORY AFFORESTATION


A -6.1 2


A -6.1 3


A -6.1 4


A -6.1 5


A -6.2 1

Annexure 6.2NPV VALUE FOR FOREST


A -10.1 1

Annexure 10.1PUBLIC HEARING MINUTES OF MEETING


A -10.1 2


A -10.1 3


A -10.1 4


A -10.1 5


A -10.1 6


A -10.1 7


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A -10.1 23


A -10.1 24

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