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Development of Greek Society Chapter 10/ Standard MWH -2.1. Evaluate the consequences of the

changing boundaries of kingdoms in Europe, Asia, the Americas, and Africa.

Heroditus Histories Homer Aristophanes- comedies Hesiod – mythology Sappho – female love Plato – male love Thucydides – founder of scientific history

How do we know so much about the Ancient Greeks?

Homer

Alleged to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey

Iliad: Greek story about the siege of Troy centered around Achilles (aka: Brad Pitt)

Odyssey: Greek story about Odysseus’s journey home from the Trojan war

What do these stories tell us about Greek Society?

Greeks traveled widely Greeks are good with

their hands Greeks like women (as

objects, not as equals) Greeks were a seafaring

people The Mediterranean was

a highway, not a barrier to trade, communication, and cultural exchange.

Minoan Society

2000 BCE – 1700 BCE

Established on the island of Crete

Knossos complex

Knossos Palace

Nerve center of society

Ruler’s home Storehouses Tax collection Workplace of

palace officials Linear A

Symbols stood for syllables

Palace complex Knossos

What was so great about Minoans?

Sailed all over the Mediterranean

Used Phoenician designs for ships

Traded w/Greece, Anatolia, Phoenicia, Egypt

Traded wine, olive oil, & wool for grain, textiles, and manufactured goods (ie: pottery)

Established colonies on Cyprus & other islands

Indoor plumbing and Bulls

So why aren’t we using Linear A today?

Around 1700 BCE – earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tidal waves

They rebuilt even bigger complexes which attracted invaders

By 1100 BCE they fell under foreign domination by… the Mycenean’s

Because of the Myceneans?

How did the Myceneans take over the Minoans?

From 1500 to 1000 BCE Myceneans overpowered? the Minoans

Established Linear B

Established settlements in Anatolia, Sicily, and S. Italy

Hints

Sparta & Athens, examples of ?

POLIS: local refuge Started as a town,

became a city, needed a government, etc.

Monarchies, collective rule, tyrants

Spartan Culture

Made helots of people

Austere equality Social status

determined by abilities as a warrior

Families delayed Why did they need a

strong military culture?

{ {Man

Vote Military service No say-so over

children Own property

Woman

No Vote Vigorous exercise No say-so over

children No property

ownership

Which city?

{ {Man

Direct Vote ostracism Military service

for the poor Say-so over

children Own property

Woman

No Vote Vigorous exercise No say-so over

children Property control

w/ dowry & inheritance

Which city?

Solon’s Solution for Athens

Aristocrats keep land No more debt slavery and free

pass for debt Commoners representation in

the council of 400 Reformed judicial system

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Did Solon’s reforms make Athens a democratic state?

Why is this an important detail?

{461 BCE to 429 BCEBrought Athens into a new age of democracy

Pericles

Why would the Greeks find it necessary to colonize?

What are some commonalities about Greek colonization?

Began settlement in the 8th century BCE Settled Sicily and S. Italy 1st

Colonies brought in agricultural goods and became lucrative markets

More Greeks lived in colonies than on the mainland

Colonized heavily in the black sea region Not a national policy Increased trade, communication, and

cultural exchange

Greek Colonization Facts

What’s the Greco-Persian conflict about?

Persian Wars 500-479 BCE

Persian rulers Cyrus & Darius & Xerxes

Familiarity w/ the names of major battles

Why did it stop?

Persian Conflict

The Delian League

Ask yourself… why did the people who joined the Delian league do so? Why did those who abstained do so?

Based on what you know about the cultural differences between Sparta & Athens along with the alliances present in the Delian league do you believe the cause of war cited in the Illiad is based on factual events or is a cover for deeper divisions?

With a partner write a 5 sentence power packed defense of your position. You have 10 minutes.

Thesis (3) 1 sentence reasoning statements 1 conclusion statement

The Peloponnesian War

Now, create a group of 4 and read both statements present aloud.

As a group, synthesize your statements into one statement that represents the strongest argument.

Elect a representative to read the statement to the class.

Class will vote on the strongest statement and will debate the reasons for their choice.

Rise of the Macedonians

Phillip the 2 Leadership built on

strength, not heredity

Built a strong military

After gaining control of Macedon turned his attention to Greece

Assassinated in 336 BCE

Alexander the Great

Came to power at 20 years old

Unlimited ambition

What’s so great about Alexander?

The Alexander conspiracy theory. Never mix love and

politics.

{ {Alexander’s Holdings Alex’s General’s Holdings

Hellenistic Empires

The period between the death of Alexander the Great and the Roman empire refers to the expansion of Greek cultural traditions beyond the traditional borders of Greece.

And the question is…

Hellenistic Empires

Bactrian Ptolemaic Selucid

Trade How did these trade networks contribute

to a larger sense of Greek community between the various empires in the region?

{•Helped to contribute to the spirit of collective identity.•Not the benign games of today.

The Olympic Games

Greek Society & Women

Greek Society & Children

{ {Socrates 470-399 BCE No writings Reflection on the

purposes and goals of life

Corrupting the youth of Athens

Plato 384-322 BCE

Socrates disciple Wrote down

Socrates ideas Theory of forms The Republic –

the ideal state

Philosophy

{Smart Research:What is it? What does it mean? Where did you find it?

Plato’s allegory of the cave

{ {Aristotle

Disciple of Plato Disagreed with his

forms philosophy Rules of logic Relied on the

natural world Influenced later

Christian scholars

Greek Philosophers

Later Christian and Islamic scholars aligned their view with early Greek philosophers

Philosophy

Religion

Greek Pantheon of dieties

Cults (Dionysis)

Based on this textual evidence, how important was the theater in ancient Greek society?

Epicureans – quiet pleasure the greatest good

Skeptics – refusal to take strong positions

Stoics – duty to help others and be virtuousIn what ways have

these philosophies influenced religious history?

Describe the difference in Greek political organization as compared with other civilizations you have previously studies. What are the main differences? Similarities?

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Don’t just memorize, THINK!

Now write… thinking about Greek society, the people, philosophies, wars, lifestyle, etc.

Help me form a question that will encapsulate the information from this chapter into a usable form.