development of computer aided learning software for use in electric circuit analysis

7/30/2019 Development of Computer Aided Learning Software for Use in Electric Circuit Analysis

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jbezzmz#

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ecebzoz z`fwqe~m c`w dmecw w` wmejl j`cjmywz# Wmejloca z`fwqe~m

g`mz m|ozw" n}w de levm cb e y~mzmw c}dnm~ f y~`nbmdz ~ cb

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wlmzm zl`~wj`docaz# Wlm z`fwqe~m y~`vogmz e y~ejwojebb bodowbmzz

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m|ybecewo`c# Focebb" ow oz gmzoacmg z` wlew zw}gmcwz ql` cmmg

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,lm~moc ~mfm~~mg w` ez jo~j}ow j`}~zmz/ e~m wyojebb ~mbewovmb be~am jbezzmz ecg gmczm oc wlm

c}dnm~ `f w`yojz wlew e~m y~mzmcwmg# Ogmebb" f`~ mejl w`yoj wlew oz y~mzmcwmg zmvm~eb m|edybmz

q`}bg nm y~mzmcwmg w` wlm jbezz# L`qmvm~" oc e w~egowo`ceb bmjw}~m mcvo~`cdmcw wlmzm e~m

wodm$j`cz}doca# D`~m`vm~" zocjm jo~j}ow j`}~zmz e~m wyojebb mcw~$bmvmb" zw}gmcwz de levm e

qogm ve~omw f nejka~`}cgz# Wlm~mf`~m" z`dm zw}gmcwz de }cgm~zwecg w`yojz ~oalw eqe qlobm

`wlm~z de ~mu}o~m dec goffm~mcw m|edybmz# L`qmvm~" nmje}zm `f wlm c}dnm~ `f w`yojz"

y~`vogoca m|edybmz f`~ mejl w`yoj }cwob mejl zw}gmcw }cgm~zwecgz oz c`w e y`zzonobow# Mu}ebb" ow

oz c`w y~}gmcw f`~ zw}gmcwz w` h}zw amw wl~`}al e jo~j}owz j`}~zm zocjm ow oz `fwmc e y~m~mu}ozowm

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bmfw nmlocg n w}w`~oca g}~oca wlmo~ `ffojm l`}~z `~ `wlm~ lmby zmzzo`cz# Qowl wlm j}~~mcw zwewm

`f `}~ mg}jewo`c zzwmd; l`qmvm~" oczw~}jw`~z e~m ~mu}o~mg w` wmejl d`~m zw}gmcwz qowl wlm

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`}wzogm `f wlm jbezz~``d#

Qlobm z`fwqe~m lez owz nmcmfowz" ow oz c`w e yecejme f`~ wmejloca# Qlobm z`fwqe~m lez owz

ybejm oc wlm jbezz~``d" `cm d}zw kmmy oc docg wlm y}~y`zm# F`~ oczwecjm" ZYOJM ecg `wlm~

jo~j}ow ecebxoca z`fwqe~m e~m `fwmc }zmg n}w wlm e~m gmzoacmg w` ecebxm" c`w wmejl ecebzoz

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ocwmcw zl`}bg nm w` bme~c wlm z`fwqe~m c`w w` wmejl ecebzoz j`cjmywz# Ez ec eceb`a" j`czogm~

wmejloca e jlobg e~owldmwoj `cb }zoca e jebj}bew`~# Wlm de bme~c l`q w` }zm wlm jebj}bew`~"

n}w qobb cmowlm~ bme~c l`q w` ym~f`~d wlm e~owldmwoj c`~ aeoc oczoalw ocw` l`q wlm y~`nbmdz e~m

z`bvmg# @wlm~ z`fwqe~m g`mz m|ozw f`~ wlm z`bm y}~y`zm `f lmbyoca zw}gmcwz bme~c wlm j`cjmywz#

L`qmvm~" dec e~m bodowmg# F`~ m|edybm" z`dm levm `cb e y~mzmcw c}dnm~ `f y~`nbmdz `~

`cb y~`vogm wlm z`b}wo`c qowl`}w zymjofoca l`q ow oz j`dy}wmg# @wlm~z de y~`vogm e

bodowbmzz c}dnm~ `f y~`nbmdz n jlecaoca j`dy`cmcw veb}mz" n}w mejl `f wlmzm mcg }y nmoca

wlm zedm nezoj y~`nbmd#

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wlm z`fwqe~m y~`vogmz c`w `cb ec eczqm~ w` mejl y~`nbmd" n}w ec m|ybecewo`c `f l`q wlm

zw}gmcw j`}bg j`dy}wm ow# Focebb" wlm z`fwqe~m oz gmzoacmg oc z}jl e qe wlew zw}gmcwz ql` cmmg

d`~m lmby jec amw ow qlobm wl`zm ql` g` c`w jec d`vm `c# Wloz z`fwqe~m ecg ec ecebzoz `f owz

}zm oc e jbezz~``d qobb nm y~mzmcwmg oc wloz yeym~#

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c}dm~ojeb ecebzoz z`fwqe~m" zod}bewo`c z`fwqe~m" ecg w}w`~oca z`fwqe~m# Mejl lez e ye~woj}be~

y}~y`zm f`~ nmoca ocjb}gmg oc e jo~j}owz j`}~zm#

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Ben`~ew`~/" j~mewmg n DewlQ`~kz" oz c}dm~ojeb ecebzoz z`fwqe~m gmzoacmg f`~ mcaocmm~oca

ecg `wlm~ dewl$~mbewmg fombgz ,Ewwoe" 5??6/# YWJz DewlJEG ecg wlm f~mmb eveobenbm F~mmDew

e~m n`wl zodobe~ w` DEWBEN oc f}cjwo`cebow# Mejl f wlmzm z`fwqe~m y~à~edz levm wlm enobow

w` ym~f`~d j`dybm| dewlmdewojeb j`dy}wewo`cz# Qlobm wlmzm y~à~edz zodybof wlm

j`dy}wewo`cz" wlm g` levm g~eqnejkz# Oc b`qm~$bmvmb mbmjw~ojeb j`}~zmz" dec f wlm f`~d}bez

}zmg g` c`w nmj`dm j`dybm| mc`}al w` ~mu}o~m j`dy}wm~$nezmg z`fwqe~m w` ecebxm#

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j}~vmz" ecg z` d}jl d`~m ,Ewwoe" 5??6/# L`qmvm~" wloz oz fwmc c`w cmmgmg oc b`q$bmvmb jo~j}owz

j`}~zmz# Qlobm bme~coca wlm z`fwqe~m de nm ec `nhmjwovm `f wlm jbezz" bme~coca wlm c}dm~ojeb

ecebzoz z`fwqe~m de c`w w~eczbewm ocw` ec ocj~mezmg }cgm~zwecgoca `f mbmjw~oj jo~j}ow ecebzoz#

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nm ody~ejwojeb#

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`c e j`dy}wm~ ecg wlmc ~}c e zod}bewo`c `c wlm jo~j}ow w` ecebxm wlm nmlevo`~# Zod}bewo`c

Y~à~ed Ocwma~ewmg Jo~j}owz Mzymjoebb ,ZYOJM/ oz cm f wlm d`zw j`dd`c zod}bewo`c mcaocmz

}zmg f`~ mbmjw~ojeb jo~j}owz ,Jledez ecg C`kebo" >997/# ZYOJM oz e zod}bewo`c mcaocm gmvmb`ymg

ew wlm ]covm~zow `f Jebof`~coe" Nm~kmbm" ecg zm~vmz ez e f`}cgewo`c f`~ mbmjw~`coj zod}bewo`c#

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=59 N~egbmy Gmkmc ecg Jl~oz J`qmc

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jo~j}ow ocv`bvmz j~mewoca wlm jo~j}ow n ybejoca ye~wz ecg j`ccmjwoca qowl qo~mz" ~}ccoca wlm

zod}bewo`c f`~ wlm jo~j}ow" ecg wlmc ecebxoca wlm ~mz}bwz qowl y~`nmz" zjobb`zj`ymz" ecg dmwm~z#

Zod}bewo`c y~à~edz e~m vm~ }zmf}b oc wlm fombg `f mbmjw~`cojz# Levoca e zod}bewo`c y~à~ed

mbodocewmz wlm ylzojeb wezk `f ybejoca qo~mz ecg ye~wz `c n~meg$nè~gz# Zod}bewo`c z`fwqe~m

ebz` dekmz ow y`zzonbm w` j`czw~}jw" wmzw" ecg ecebxm e jo~j}ow qowl`}w mvm~ w`}jloca ~meb ye~wz"

z}jl ez jloyz `~ ~mzozw`~z ,Le~w" 5??:/# Wlm deoc nmcmfow `f wloz wym `f z`fwqe~m nmoca }zmg oc

wlm jbezz~``d oz wlew ow oz ym~z`ceboxmg w` wlm zw}gmcwz; wlm e~m enbm w` n}obg jo~j}owz ew wlmo~ qc

yejm ecg qowl wlmo~ `qc gmzoac ,Bogam" mw eb#" 5??=/# Qowl wlm enobow w` zw`~m jo~j}owz `c e

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m|le}zwoca e z}yyb `f ye~wz ecg zyejm# ]bwodewmb wloz j`}bg zevm d`cm nmje}zm wlm zw}gmcwz

g` c`w cmmg w` n} wloz mu}oydmcw `~ mbmjw~`coj ye~wz ,Jezw~`" >997/# ]cf`~w}cewmb" }cbmzz

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mbmjw~`coj ye~wz ecg mu}oydmcw# Z`dm zod}bewo`c y~à~edz" z}jl ez YZyojm" }woboxm e JEG

zw~}jw}~m wlew de c`w ebqez levm e zodybm }zm~ ocwm~fejm ,Y``bm" 5??7/# Of e be~am ed`}cw `f

wodm oz cmmgmg w` w~eoc e zw}gmcw `c l`q w` }zm wlm z`fwqe~m" wlmc wodm qobb nm wekmc eqe f~`d

ejw}eb bme~coca# F`~ zw}gmcwz oc b`qm~$bmvmb j`}~zmz ow de nm mezom~ w` h}zw n}obg e jo~j}ow `c e

n~megnè~g ecg wmzw ow qowl y~`nmz wlec zymcgoca wodm w~oca w` bme~c l`q w` g` zodybm wezkz

qowl z`fwqe~m# Gmzyowm nmoca e a``g zkobb w` levm" bme~coca zod}bewo`c z`fwqe~m g`mz c`w m|ejwb

w~eczbewm ocw` bme~coca jo~j}ow ecebzoz# Wloz z`fwqe~m `cb y~`vogmz wlm ecebzoz; ow g`mz c`w

wmejl wlm }zm~ l`q w` `nweoc wlm ~mz}bwz#

Foa}~m 58 GJ Jo~j}owz Jlebbmcam Be`}w M|edybmz#

W}w`~oca z`fwqe~m mcenbmz e }zm~ w` bme~c n }zm `f y~ejwojm ecg m|edybm# Wq` m|edybmz f

w}w`~oca z`fwqe~m e~m Qmn W}w`~ ecg GJ Jo~j}owz Jlebbmcam# GJ Jo~j}owz Jlebbmcam oz e

wmejloca y~à~ed degm n MWJEO wlew mcenbmz zw}gmcwz w` zle~ymc wlmo~ zkobbz c ve~o`}z w`yojz

oc mbmjw~ojeb jo~j}owz# W}w`~oca z`fwqe~m" bokm GJ Jo~j}owz Jlebbmcam" }zmz y~mgmwm~docmg

jo~j}owz f`~ zw}gmcwz w` y~ejwojm `c ,Nezm~" >996/# Oc GJ Jo~j}owz Jlebbmcam" wlm veb}mz `f wlm


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=55

j`dy`cmcwz jlecam ebb`qoca zw}gmcwz w` y~ejwojm wlm zedm wym f jo~j}ow aovmc ve~o`}z veb}mz#

W}w`~oca z`fwqe~m wlew }zmz y~mgmfocmg jo~j}owz" bokm GJ Jo~j}owz Jlebbmcam" ~mz}bwz oc wlm

zw}gmcw ecebxoca wlm zedm jo~j}ow `vm~ ecg `vm~ eaeoc qowl h}zw wlm veb}mz `f wlm j`dy`cmcwz

jlecaoca ,MWJEO" >99996/# Qmn W}w`~ amcm~ewmz e jo~j}ow qowloc e y~mgmfocmg f~edmq`~k ,^`geczko">998 Qmn W}w`~ Be`}w M|edybmz

N levoca wlm z`fwqe~m owzmbf j~mewm wlm jo~j}ow wlm~m jec nm dec ve~oewo`cz `f jo~j}owz f`~

ec aovmc w`yoj# Zw}gmcwz jec bme~c n y~ejwojoca ez d}jl ez wlm qecw }cwob wlm e~m

j`df`~wenbm# Of e zw}gmcw a~ezyz wlm j`cjmywz `f e ye~woj}be~ bmzz`c wlmc wlew zw}gmcw g`mz c`w

cmmg w` y~ejwojm ez d}jl ez ec`wlm~ zw}gmcw ql` g`mz c`w f}bb }cgm~zwecg wlm bmzz`c# Of

z`fwqe~m ebb`qz f`~ ec ocfocowm c}dnm~ `f jo~j}owz" wlmc zw}gmcwz jec y~ejwojm ez d}jl ez wlm

cmmg# Oc z`dm jezmz w}w`~oca z`fwqe~m j`}bg ~mybejm n``k q`~k ecg u}oxxmz j`dybmwmb

,Bogam" mw eb#" 5??=/# ^`geczko lez y~`vmg wlew z`fwqe~m w``bz jec z}yybmdmcw e j`}~zm qowl

a~mew ~mz}bwz ,^`geczko" >996/# W}w`~oca z`fwqe~m jec nm }zmg ez e w``b wlew f`~jmz zw}gmcwz w`


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=5> N~egbm Gmkmc ecg Jl~oz J`qmc

b``k ew m|edybmz ecg y~ejwojm }cwob wlm j`cjmywz nmj`dm fedoboe~# W}w`~oca z`fwqe~m" l`qmvm~"

g`mz levm g~eqnejkz" zymjofojebb wl`zm f`}cg oc wlm y~à~eddoca# Wlm w`yojz e~m bodowmg n

wlm ed`}cw `f y~à~eddoca y}w ocw` wlm z`fwqe~m yejkeam# Z`dm w}w`~oca z`fwqe~m de c`w

j`vm~ ebb wlm w`yojz j`vm~mg n wlm j`}~zm# Mvmc wl`}al wlm j`cjmywz ~mdeoc wlm zedm" wlm voz}eb

goffm~mcjm oc z`dm jo~j}owz de nm j`cf}zoca# Wlm~mf`~m" y~ejwojoca `c dec goffm~mcw jo~j}owz

qobb y~mye~m wlm zw}gmcw d`~m mffmjwovmb ,Nezm~" >996/# Zw}gmcwz ql` y~ejwojm c z`fwqe~m wlew

jec amcm~ewm ec aovmc c}dnm~ ,ecg wym/ `f jo~j}owz de levm ec egvecweam `vm~ wlm zw}gmcwz

ql` y~ejwojm `c `cm jo~j}ow qlm~m `cb wlm veb}mz `f wlm j`dy`cmcwz jlecam# Wlm~mf`~m" wlm

wym `f w}w`~oca z`fwqe~m wlew oz }zmg qobb gmwm~docm wlm nmcmfowz#

Foa}~m :8 Jo~j}ow W}w`~ M|edybmz

:# Jo~j}owW}w`~Z`fwqe~mW}w`~oca z`fwqe~m jebbmg Jo~j}ow W}w`~ oz wlm f`j}z `f wloz yeym~# Qlobm ow oz zodobe~ w` Qmn

W}w`~ ecg GJ Jo~j}owz Jlebbmcam oc dec ~mzymjwz" ow oz zoacofojecwb goffm~mcw oc `wlm~z# Foa}~m

: zl`qz m|edybmz `f Jo~j}ow W}w`~ be`}wz# Qlobm wlm Jo~j}ow W}w`~ m|edybmz e~m zodobe~ w`

Qmn W}w`~" wlm y~à~ed g`mz ebb`q f`~ d`~m ve~oewo`c# E d`~m zoacofojecw goffm~mcjm nmwqmmc

wlm wl~mm w}w`~oca z`fwqe~m yejkeamz oz wlm qez oc qlojl wlm y~`vogm lmby# GJ Jo~j}owz

Jlebbmcam ecg Qmn W}w`~ aovm lmby n zl`qoca e amcm~oj m|edybm `~ n yòcwoca w` e zymjofoj

wlm`~ `c qlojl wlm y~`nbmd oz nezmg# Jo~j}ow W}w`~" `c wlm `wlm~ lecg" y~`vogmz j}zw`doxmg

wm|w zl`qoca zwmy$n$zwmy l`q e zymjofoj y~`nbmd oz z`bvmg# Foa}~m 7 zl`qz e y~`nbmd ez

y~mzmcwmg w` wlm zw}gmcw#

Foa}~m = zl`qz wlm eczqm~z ez z}ndowwmg ecg wlm ~mz}bwoca m|ybecewo`c# Wlm f}bb wm|w f wloz

m|ybecewo`c oz zl`qc oc Foa}~m 6# Wloz wm|w oz j}zw`doxmg f`~ mejl y~`nbmd#


7/14



=5:

Foa}~m 78 Jo~j}ow W}w`~ M|edybm ez Y~mzmcwmg w` Zw}gmcw

Foa}~m =8 Jo~j}ow W}w`~ M|edybm @cjm Z}ndowwmg n Zw}gmcw


8/14

=57 N~egbm Gmkmc ecg Jl~oz J`qmc

Foa}~m 68 Jo~j}ow W}w`~ M|edybm" M|ybecewo`c Jb`zm$}y

Foa}~m 18 Jo~j}ow W}w`~ Zj`~oca M|edybm

Wlm z`fwqe~m oz gmzoacmg w` ocj~mezm zw}gmcwz j~owojeb wlockoca enobowomz# Qlmc zw}gmcwz zmm

e jo~j}owz u}mzwo`c `c ec m|ed wlm d}zw fo~zw gmwm~docm e dmwl`g w` z`bvm wlm y~`nbmd# Wloz oz

n c` dmecz w~ovoeb# Mvmc mbmjw~oj jo~j}owz wlew b``k m|w~mdmb zodobe~ de nm ecebxmg oc vm~

goffm~mcw qez# F`~ wloz ~mez`c" dmd`~oxoca wlm`~omz oz c`w mc`}al# Zw}gmcwz d}zw j`dy~mlmcg

wlm wlm`~omz ecg gmwm~docm wlmo~ eyybojenobow w` zymjofoj jo~j}owz# ]cf`~w}cewmb" wloz

j`dy~mlmczo`c jecc`w nm we}alw# Qlobm oczw~}jw`~z jec y~`vogm ~mz`}~jmz ecg a}ogm wlm

zw}gmcwz" qm e~m c`w enbm w` fboy wlm zqowjl `f }cgm~zwecgoca# Wlew oz }y w` wlm zw}gmcwz# @cm

qe w` amw zw}gmcwz w` zmm wlm eczqm~ oz wl~`}al wlm }zm `f m|edybmz# D`zw z`fwqe~m }zmg oc

jo~j}owz jbezz qobb ecebxm e jo~j}ow n}w c`w zl`q l`q ow oz g`cm# Wlm Jo~j}ow W}w`~ z`fwqe~m"


9/14



=5=

l`qmvm~" ewwmdywz w` g` wloz# Wloz z`fwqe~m jlebbmcamz e zw}gmcw qowl e y~`nbmd" jlmjkz wlmo~

eczqm~" wlmc zl`qz wlm zw}gmcw l`q wlm j`}bg eyy~èjl wlm y~`nbmd# Bokm d`zw `wlm~ w}w`~

z`fwqe~m" ow lez e y~ejwojm d`gm wlew ~mymewz wlm zedm wym `f y~`nbmd `vm~ ecg `vm~ w` n}obg

fedoboe~ow qowl l`q wlm zymjofoj y~`nbmd wym oz z`bvmg# E goffm~mcjm qowl wloz z`fwqe~m oz wlew

ow ebz` lez e wmzw d`gm# Oc wloz d`gm ~ecg`d wymz `f y~`nbmdz e~m aovmc z` zw}gmcwz d}zw

bme~c w` ~mjàcoxm wlm wym `f y~`nbmd oc eggowo`c w` kc`qoca l`q ow oz z`bvmg#

Wlm z`fwqe~m gmvmb`ymg ez e ye~w `f wloz y~`hmjw jec nm }zmg w` z}yybmdmcw w`yojz wlew

zw}gmcwz fmmb wlm cmmg d`~m wodm qowl# Wlm z`fwqe~m j}~~mcwb lez : w`yojz ecg mejl w`yoj lez

ew bmezw > z}nw`yojz# Wlm z`fwqe~m qez gmzoacmg z` wlew ow jec mezob nm m|yecgmg qowl d`~m

w`yojz# F}~wlm~d`~m" zw}gmcwz e~m enbm w` zymcg ez d}jl ,`~ ez bowwbm/ wodm qowl e w`yoj ez wlm ,`~wlm oczw~}jw`~/ zmm fow# Wlm z`fwqe~m lez e zymjoeb zj`~oca zzwmd n}obw oc wlew mcj`}~eamz wloz# Ow

zj`~mz `cb wlm d`zw j}~~mcw y~`nbmdz# Wlm~mf`~m" of e zw}gmcw kc`qz e w`yoj wlm jec q`~k wlm

docod}d c}dnm~ `f y~`nbmdz ecg amw e a``g zj`~m# Ebwm~cewovmb" e zw}gmcw ql` oz zw~}aaboca

jec kmmy gòca eggowo`ceb y~`nbmdz }cwob wlm }cgm~zwecg wlm w`yoj# Zocjm cb wlm d`zw j}~~mcw

y~`nbmdz e~m }zmg w` gmwm~docm wlm zj`~m" e a``g zj`~m oz ebqez y`zzonbm# Ec m|edybm f wloz oz

zl`qc oc Foa}~m 1# F`~ wloz ye~woj}be~ m|edybm `cb 6 y~`nbmdz e~m }zmg oc zj`~oca# Zocjm wlm

zw}gmcw q`~kmg < y~`nbmdz wlm fo~zw wq` e~m oac`~mg# Wloz dmwl`g oz dmecw w` mcj`}~eam wl`zm

ql` cmmg m|w~e q`~k w` g` ow qlobm c`w ymceboxoca wl`zm ql` g` c`w cmmg ow#

7# Odybmdmcwewo`c`fZ`fwqe~mWlm y}~y`zm f wloz y~`hmjw qez w` focg e qe w` mclecjm jbezz~``d ymgeaà oc wlm fombg f

mbmjw~ojeb jo~j}owz# Wloz qez u}ecwofomg }zoca wmzw zj`~mz ecg z}~vmz f~`d zw}gmcwz# Wloz y~`hmjw

z}aamzwmg qez w` lmby ~mbomvm wodm zw~eocz ybejmg `c wlm mg}jew`~ ecg ocj~mezm j`cjmyw}eb

}cgm~zwecgoca f`~ wlm zw}gmcwz# Wlm km j`cjm~c `f wlm z`fwqe~m oz w` ody~`vm wlm zkobbz `fzw}gmcwz oc e wodm$mffojomcw deccm~#

Wloz y~`hmjw ocv`bvmg wlm zw}gmcwz oc e b`qm~$bmvmb mbmjw~ojeb j`}~zm oc wlm Zjl``b `f

Y`bwmjlcoj Zw}gomz ew Z`}wlmezw Dozz`}~o Zwewm ]covm~zow# Wlm zymjofoj j`}~zm oz MW5698

Nezoj Mbmjw~ojow ecg Mbmjw~`cojz# Wlm jbezz ocv`bvmg lez wlo~w$wq` zw}gmcwz# L`qmvm~" c`w ebb

wlo~w$wq` zw}gmcwz ye~wojoyewmg oc wlm y~`hmjw# Ezogm f~`d wlm wlo~w$wq` y`wmcwoeb zw}gmcwz oc

MW569" wlm~m qez e y`wmcwoeb fovm zw}gmcwz f~`d loalm~$bmvmb j`}~zmz wlew leg eb~meg wekmc


10/14

=56 N~egbm Gmkmc ecg Jl~oz J`qmc

mowlm~ MW569 `~ e zodobe~ j`}~zm# Wlmzm }yym~$bmvmb zw}gmcwz qm~m }zmg w` y~`vogm fmmgnejk `c

wlm z`fwqe~m# Wlm y~`hmjw ~mbomg `c zw}gmcw z}~vmz f`~ ocf`~dewo`c ~mae~goca wlm nmcmfowz ecg

`yoco`cz `f wlm z`fwqe~m qlmc }zmg oc wlm jbezz# E z}~vm qez ebz` aovmc w` wlm loalm~$bmvmb

zw}gmcwz#

Wmzwz qm~m }zmg w` aewlm~ gewe ocgojewoca wlm bmvmbz f }cgm~zwecgoca f`~ zw}gmcwz oc MW569#

W` amw e nmwwm~ }cgm~zwecgoca `f wlm }zmf}bcmzz `f wlm z`fwqe~m 7 wmzwz qm~m egdocozwm~mg8

y~m$wmzw E" y`zw$wmzw E" y~m$wmzw N" ecg y`zw$wmzw N# N`wl f wlm y~m$wmzwz qm~m aovmc nmf`~m }zm f

wlm z`fwqe~m# N`wl `f wlm y`zw$wmzwz qm~m aovmc efwm~ }zm `f wlm z`fwqe~m# Wlm y~m$wmzw E ecg

y`zw$wmzw E n`wl }zmg e ~ecg`db amcm~ewmg y~`nbmd wekmc vm~newod f~`d wlm Jo~j}ow W}w`~

z`fwqe~m# Y~m$wmzw E qez aovmc eyy~`|odewmb `cm d`cwl nmf`~m zw}gmcwz }zmg wlm z`fwqe~m#Y`zw$wmzw E qez goffm~mcw wlec wlm y~m$wmzw" n}w zodobe~# Ow qez aovmc oddmgoewmb efwm~ zw}gmcwz

q`~kmg qowl wlm z`fwqe~m# Y~m$wmzw N ecg y`zw$wmzw N n`wl j`czozwmg `f y~`nbmdz j`vm~oca wlm

zedm j`cjmywz ez wl`zm f`}cg oc wlm z`fwqe~m# L`qmvm~" wlm qe oc qlojl wlm j`cjmyw oz

y~mzmcwmg oz zoacofojecwb goffm~mcw wlec wlew f`}cg oc wlm z`fwqe~m# Y~m$wmzw N qez aovmc

eyy~`|odewmb `cm d`cwl nmf`~m zw}gmcwz }zmg wlm z`fwqe~m# Y`zw$wmzw N qez goffm~mcw wlec wlm

y~m$wmzw" n}w zodobe~# Y`zw$wmzw N qez aovmc e qmmk efwm~ zw}gmcwz q`~kmg qowl wlm z`fwqe~m#

Wmzw zmw E qez gmzoacmg w` zmm of wlm z`fwqe~m lmbymg wlm }cgm~zwecgoca `f e vm~ zymjofoj

y~`nbmd wym vm~ e vm~ zl`~w wodm ym~o`g# Wmzw zmw N qez gmzoacmg w` zmm of wlm z`fwqe~m j`}bg

lmby qowl `wlm~ wymz `f y~`nbmdz ,j`vm~oca wlm zedm j`cjmywz/ `vm~ e b`cam~ ym~o`g `f wodm#

Qlobm jlecamz qm~m y~mzmcw f~`d wlm y~m$wmzw w` wlm y`zw$wmzw f`~ n`wl wmzw zmwz" wlm `vm~ebb

goffoj}bw `f wlm y~`nbmd qez dmecw w` nm j`czozwmcw# Wlmzm goffm~mcjmz qm~m ocw~`g}jmg w`

mcz}~m wlew zw}gmcwz gogcw dmd`~oxm eczqm~z qowl`}w }cgm~zwecgoca wlm }cgm~boca j`cjmyw# Ow

zl`}bg ebz` nm zwewmg wlew wlm wodoca ecg j`cjmywz `f n`wl y~m$wmzwz qm~m ocw~`g}jmg w` wlm

zw}gmcwz elmeg `f wodm# Wlm j`cjmyw ecg wodoca `f wlm y`zw$wmzw E qez ebz` ecc`}cjmg# Cmowlm~

wlm wodoca c`~ wlm zymjofoj y~`nbmd wym `f y`zw$wmzw N qez ecc`}cjmg elmeg `f wodm# Wlm

j`cjmywz j`vm~mg n wlm z`fwqe~m ecg wmzwz qm~m ebb j`vm~mg oc bmjw}~m nmf`~m ec wmzwz qm~m

aovmc#

=# ^mz}bwz`fZ`fwqe~mWmzwocaWlm wmzw gewe aewlm~mg qez ecebxmg }zoca zwecge~g zwewozwojeb y~`jmzzmz# E cm$weobmg w$wmzw

qez }zmg w` gmwm~docm of wlm zw}gmcwz a~egmz ocj~mezmg f~`d y~m$wmzw w` y`zw$wmzw f`~ mejl wmzw


11/14



=51

zmw# Qlobm wlm~m qez vm~ :9 zw}gmcwz oc wlm jbezz" c`w ebb zw}gmcwz ye~wojoyewmg oc ebb ye~wz f wlm

y~`hmjw# F`~ m|edybm" z`dm zw}gmcwz z}ndowwmg y~m$wmzw E" n}w gog c`w z}ndow y`zw$wmzw E# Z`dm

zw}gmcwz ebz` w``k ye~wz `f wlm y~m$wmzw ecg y`zw$wmzw qowl`}w }zoca wlm z`fwqe~m# Enzmcw `f wlm

z`fwqe~m }zmg" ow oz ezz}dmg wlew oczoacofojecw ody~`vmdmcw qez degm nmwqmmc y~m$wmzwoca ecg

y`zw$wmzwoca# E bodowmg zedybm zoxm y~mvmcwmg z}n$govogoca wlm a~`}y ocw` wq` ye~wz f`~ j`cw~`b

ecg m|ym~odmcw# Wl}z wlm ezz}dywo`c lez nmmc degm wlew ebb ody~`vmdmcw qm~m g}m w` wlm

z`fwqe~m#

Wenbm 5 bozwz wlm ~mz}bwz f`~ mejl wmzw zmw" wlm z}n$u}mzwo`cz `f mejl y~`nbmd zmw" wlm `vm~ebb

~mz}bwz" ecg wlm ~mz}bwz f~`d 7 zw}gmcwz ql` qm~m c`w enbm w` }zm wlm z`fwqe~m nmje}zm `f

enzmcjm# Wlm Y$veb}mz zl`qc e~m wlm ~mz}bw f wlm w$wmzw ecg y~`vogmz e dmez}~m f wlm bokmbol``gwlew wlm ~mz}bw j`}bg levm nmmc ejlomvmg wl~`}al jlecjm# Of wlm Y$veb}m oz bmzz wlec wlm zmw ebyle

bmvmb ,wyojebb 9#59 `~ 9#9=/" wlm gewe oz j`czogm~mg w` nm zwewozwojebb zoacofojecw# Wlm zedybm

zoxmz e~m ebz` zl`qc# Yeo~mg w$wmzwz ~mu}o~m e yeo~ f y~m$ ecg y`zw$wmzwz# Wlm~mf`~m" of cm zw}gmcw

z}ndowwmg wlm y~m$wmzw n}w c`w wlm y`zw$wmzw wlmc wlm gewe qez `dowwmg# Wlm wenbm obb}zw~ewmz

qlmwlm~ `~ c`w wlm zw}gmcw ejlomvmdmcw" nezmg `c a~egmz f~`d y~m$wmzwz ecg y`zw$wmzwz" oz

mc`}al w` ezz}dm wlew wlm z`fwqe~m lez e zwewozwojebb zoacofojecw mffmjw `c wlm mg}jewo`c `f

zw}gmcwz# Qowl wlm ebyle bmvmb zmw ew 9#9= wlm vm~ebb wmzw ~mz}bwz zl`qz zoacofojecw ody~`vmdmcw

zocjm wlm Y$veb}m oz bmzz wlec wlm ebyle bmvmb ,9#999= 2 9#9=/# Dec `f wlm ocgovog}eb y~`nbmdz

ecg u}mzwo`cz ebz` zl`q e zwewozwojebb zoacofojecw ody~`vmdmcw# Ow zl`}bg nm c`wmg" l`qmvm~"

wlew oc U}mzwo`c >e oc Wmzw Zmw N wlm evm~eam zj`~m ejw}ebb gmj~mezmg ,mvmc of ow oz zwewozwojebb

oczoacofojecw ew e Y$veb}m `f 9#5675/# Wlm ody~`vmdmcwz degm `c d`zw `f wlm y`zw$wmzw

u}mzwo`cz" l`qmvm~" dekm wlm `vm~ebb wmzw ody~`vmdmcw zwewozwojebb zoacofojecw#

Nmje}zm f enzmcjmz" e zdebb zedybm f zw}gmcwz ,7/ f~`d MW569 qm~m aovmc y~m$wmzw N ecg

y`zw$wmzw N qowl`}w }zoca wlm z`fwqe~m# Gewe f~`d wlmzm zw}gmcwz oz bozwmg oc wlm wenbm ez Wmzw Zmw

N J`cw~`b# Ebwl`}al wlm zedybm zoxm qez zdebb" wlm gewe aewlm~mg gog ocgojewm wlew wlm y`zw$wmzw

~mz}bwz zl`qmg c` ody~`vmdmcw `vm~ wlm y~m$wmzw ~mz}bwz qlmc wlm zw}gmcwz gog c`w }zm wlm

z`fwqe~m# Wl}z wlm ezz}dywo`c wlew c` zoacofojecw ody~`vmdmcw q`}bg cew}~ebb nm degm f~`d

y~m$wmzw w` y`zw$wmzw oz z}yy`~wmg#

Oc eggowo`c w` ecebxoca wmzw ~mz}bwz" zw}gmcwz qm~m ebz` aovmc ec ec`cd`}z z}~vm z` wlew

wlm j`}bg y~`vogm fmmgnejk `c wlm z`fwqe~m# D`zw `f wlm ~mzy`czmz f~`d wlm z}~vm e~m


12/14

=5< N~egbm Gmkmc ecg Jl~oz J`qmc

y`zowovm ~mae~goca wlm }zm ecg nmcmfow `f Jo~j}ow W}w`~# @cm u}mzwo`c" u}mzwo`c 59" leg e

}cecod`}z ~mzy`czm wlew wlm y~`a~ed q`}bg nm nmcmfojoeb f`~ zw}gmcwz wekoca wlm j`}~zm oc wlm

f}w}~m# J`ddmcwz degm ew wlm mcg `f wlm z}~vm qm~m d`zwb y`zowovm# M|y~mzzo`cz z}jl ez

vm~ lmbyf}b" vm~ nmcmfojoeb" zodybm ecg mez w` }zm" ecg y~mww edexoca qm~m ebb }zmg

w` gmzj~onm wlm z`fwqe~m# Jo~j}ow W}w`~ z}yy`~wmg qlew qez we}alw oc wlm jbezz qmbb"

gmfocowmb lmbymg" qez a``g y~ejwojm qowl oddmgoewm fmmgnejk" lmbymg w` nmwwm~

}cgm~zwecg wlm dewm~oeb" mclecjmg }cgm~zwecgoca" ecg ~mocf`~jmg wlm j`cjmywz ejj`~goca

w` wlm z}~vmz# Z`dm `f wlm fmmgnejk ogmcwofomg Jo~j}ow W}w`~ w` nm e a``g zw}g w``b" ecg

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l`dmq`~k# C`w ebb wlm j`ddmcwz" l`qmvm~" qm~m y`zowovm# Z`dm j`ddmcwz qm~m j`czw~}jwovm

ecg y~`vogmg z}aamzwo`cz `c ody~`vmdmcw# @vm~ebb wlm~m qm~m c` cmaewovm ~mde~kz" h}zw

y`zowovm mveb}ewo`cz ecg lmbyf}b z}aamzwo`cz#

Wenbm 58 Zwewozwojeb Ecebzoz `f Wmzw ^mz}bwz

Wmzw Zmw E" C4>=

Y$veb}m Y~m$Eva Y`zw$Eva

U}mzwo`c 5 9#95=? 1># 16#99- 1?#>9-

W`web 9#9716 17#79- :

Y$veb}m Y~m$Eva Y`zw$Eva

@vm~ebb Wmzw 9#999= 1:#5


13/14



=5?

@vm~ebb wlm Jo~j}ow W}w`~ z`fwqe~m gog ody~`vm a~egmz n e zwewozwojebb zoacofojecw ed`}cw#

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z`fwqe~m g`mz levm ec odyejw `c wlm bmvmb `f }cgm~zwecgoca wlm zw}gmcwz levm ~mae~goca

mbmjw~ojeb jo~j}owz#

6# J`cjb}zo`cWlm gewe aewlm~mg f~`d wlm wmzwz ocgojewm wlew Jo~j}ow W}w`~ z`fwqe~m gog levm e y`zowovm

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z}~vmz zl`q wlew zw}gmcwz bokmg wlm ogme `f levoca w}w`~oca z`fwqe~m eveobenbm w` z}yybmdmcw

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ody~`vmg#

Wlm z`fwqe~m qez ebz` f`}cg w` y~`vogm e wodm zevocaz# Wlm wodm ow wekmz w` ezzoac ecg

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~mvomq#

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14/14

=>9 N~egbmy Gmkmc ecg Jl~oz J`qmc

69?$655#

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development of computer aided learning software for use in electric circuit analysis

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