developing e-business solution
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Eleventh Edition
1
Introduction to Information SystemsEssentials for the Internetworked E-Business Enterprise
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
C h a p t e r
James A. OBrien
10 Developinge-BusinessSolutions
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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 2Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter Objectives
Use the systems development processoutlined in this chapter, and the model ofIS components from Chapter 1 asproblem-solving frameworks to help you
propose information systems solutionsto simple business problems.
Describe and give examples to illustratehow you might use each of the steps ofthe information system developmentcycle to develop and implement an e-business system.
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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 3Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter Objectives
Explain how prototyping improves the processof systems development for end users and IS
specialists.
Identify the activities involved in the
implementation of new information systems. Describe several evaluation factors that should
be considered in evaluating the acquisition ofhardware, software, and IS services.
Identify several change management solutionsfor end user resistance to the implementationof new e-business applications.
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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 4Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Systems Approach to Problem Solving
Designthe
Solution
Define
theProblem
DevelopAlternativeSolutions
Selectthe
Solution
Implementthe
Solution
M
onitorandEvaluate
Results
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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 5Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Traditional Systems Development Life Cycle
Systems ImplementationProduct :
Operat ional System
Systems InvestigationProduct :
Feasibi l i ty Stud y
Systems AnalysisProduct :
Funct ional Requirements
Systems DesignProduct :
System Speci f icat ions
Systems MaintenanceProduct :
Imp roved System
Understand the
BusinessProblem orOpportunity
Develop anInformationSystem
Solution
Implementthe InformationSystemSolution
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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 6Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Prototyping Process
Use and Maintainthe Accepted
System
Identify an End
User's InformationRequirements
DevelopInformation System
Prototypes
Revise the Prototypesto Better Meet EndUser Requirements
PrototypingCycle
MaintenanceCycle
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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 7Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Systems Investigation
Organizational
Feasibility
Is i t a good fi t?
OperationalFeasibility
Will it be accepted?
Economic
Feasibility
Can w e afford i t?
TechnicalFeasibility
Does th e
capabi l i ty exist?
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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 8Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Systems Analysis
KeyAreas ofSystemsAnalysis
Organizational
FunctionalRequirements
PresentSystem
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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 9Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Systems Design
DataDesign
UserInterfaceDesign
ProcessDesign
Screen, Form, Report
and Dialog Design
Data Element
Structure Design
Program and
Procedure Design
El h Edi iJ A OB i
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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 10Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
End User Development
Controls
What controls
are needed?
InputWhat data
is required?
ProcessingWhat operations
on the input
is required?
OutputWhat information
is needed?
Storage
Will the
application need
to store data?
El h Edi iJ A OB i I t d ti t I f ti S t
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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 11Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Implementation Process
ConversionSystemDocu-
mentation
End UserTraining
Developmentand
ModificationAcquisition
ImplementationActivities
SystemTesting
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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 12Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Evaluating Hardware and Software
Hardware Evaluation
Factors
Performance
Cost
Reliability Compatibility
Technology
Ergonomics
Connectivity Scalability
Software
Support
Software Evaluation
Factors
Quality
Efficiency
Flexibility Security
Connectivity
Language
Documentation Hardware
Efficiency
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Eleventh EditionJames A. OBrien 13Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Evaluating IS Services
IS Evaluation Factors
Performance
Systems Development
Maintenance
Conversion Training
Backup
Accessibility
Business Position Hardware
Software
Eleventh EditionJames A OBrien 14I t d ti t I f ti S t
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Eleventh EditionJames A. O Brien 14Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Implementing New Systems
Implementation Activities
Acquisition
Software Development
Training Testing
Documentation
Conversion
Eleventh EditionJames A OBrien 15Introduction to Information Systems
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Eleventh EditionJames A. O Brien 15Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Installation Conversion Methods
Old System New System
Old System
New System
Old System
Old System New System
New System
Parallel
Pilot
Phased
Plunge
Eleventh EditionJames A OBrien 16Introduction to Information Systems
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Eleventh EditionJames A. O Brien 16Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
ChangeManagement
MeasurementandRewards
OrganizationalDesign
CoreCompetenciesDevelopment
Executive
Vision
WorkRedesign
OrganizationMissionand Role
Managing Organizational Change
Eleventh EditionJames A OBrien 17Introduction to Information Systems
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Eleventh EditionJames A. O Brien 17Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter Summary
Business professionals and IS specialistsuse a systems approach to help them
develop information system solutions to
meet e-business needs.
Prototyping is a major alternative
methodology to the traditional
information system development cycle. It
includes the use of prototyping tools andmethodologies, which promote an
iterative, interactive process.
Eleventh EditionJames A OBrien 18Introduction to Information Systems
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Eleventh EditionJames A. O Brien 18Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter Summary (cont)
The application development capabilities built
into many end user software packages havemade it easier for end users to develop their
own e-business applications.
The implementation process for IS projectsinvolves acquisition, testing, documentation,
training, installation, and conversion.
Business professionals should know how to
evaluate IT products for acquisition. IT vendorproposals should be based on specifications
developed during the design phase.
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Eleventh EditionJames A. O Brien 19Introduction to Information Systems
I i /M G Hill C i ht 2002 Th M G Hill C i I All i ht d
Chapter Summary (cont)
Implementation activities include
managing the introduction andimplementation of changes in the
business processes, organizational
structures, job assignments, and workrelationships resulting from e-business
initiatives.