designing’for’a’new’lifestyle. modernism… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ISTITUTO DI ISTRUZIONE SECONDARIA SUPERIORE MARIE CURIE – SAVIGNANO SUL RUBICONELICEO SCIENTIFICO - ANNO SCOLASTICO 2019-2020
Materia: STORIA DELL’ARTE
Docente: prof. Alessandro Tricoli
DESIGNING FOR A NEW LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM IN ARCHITECTURE
PART II: AMERICA
![Page 2: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CHICAGO AND THE BIRTH OF SKYSCRAPERS
![Page 3: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Chicago has played a central role in American economic, cultural and political history. Since the 1850s Chicago has been one of the dominant metropolises in the Midwestern United States, and has been the largest city in the Midwest since the 1880 census. The area’s recorded history begins with the arrival of French explorers, missionaries and fur traders in the late 17th century and their interaction with the local Native Americans.
![Page 4: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Railroads of the United States in 1870.
![Page 5: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Railroads of the United States in 1918.
![Page 6: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Chicago in 1820
![Page 8: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Chicago in 1830
![Page 9: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Chicago in 1853
![Page 10: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Chicago at the end of the 1850s
![Page 11: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Chicago in 1868
![Page 12: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Chicago, October 8-‐10, 1871
In 1871, the city of Chicago was devastated by a fire that destroyed buildings and homes that were made of wood and cast iron. However, the disaster occurred during a period of great economic expansion for the city. The fire made it necessary to rebuild quickly and allowed for major redevelopment. This need to concentrate building and offices in a limited space led to the emergence of a new type of building: the skyscraper.
![Page 13: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
1869 map of Chicago, altered to show the area destroyed by the fire.
![Page 14: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
STEEL FRAME
Chicago, October 8-‐10, 1871
The skyscraper exploited the latest technological innovations, such as the electric lift as well as new materials and building techniques. The use of a steel frame almost completely replaced the masonry structure and balloon frame technique.
BALLON FRAME
MASONRY STRUCTURE
![Page 15: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
R. Morris Hunt, Tribune Building, New York, 1873-‐1875.
NEW YORK
The New York Tribune Building was a
building built by Richard Morris Hunt
in 1875 in New York City. The designer
was fresh from the École des Beaux-‐
Arts in Paris and in the front rank of
American architects.
It was built as the headquarters of the
New York Tribune and was a brick and
masonry structure topped by a Clock
Tower. It was 79 m. tall.
It was demolished in 1966.
![Page 16: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The pioneering 1875 Tribune Building was flanked by the New York World building,
left, of 1890, and the New York Times building of 1889, which alone still stands.
NEW YORK
![Page 17: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CHICAGO BEFORE 1871
![Page 18: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
CHICAGO BEFORE 1871
Chicago was the second most populated city in the United States.
Its architecture resembled the “European Style”.
There wasn’t really a “American Style” of Architecture.
The Chicago School promoted a new architecture, using technologies
of steel-‐frame construction in commercial buildings and developing a
spatial aesthetic which co-‐evolved with, and then came to influence,
parallel developments in European Modernism.
![Page 19: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
THE CHICAGO SCHOOL
Louis Sullivan & Dankmar Adler
William Le Baron Jenney
Frank Lloyd Wright
Daniel Burnham & John Wellborn Root
![Page 20: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
W. Le Baron Jenney, First Leiter Building, Chicago, 1879.
![Page 21: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Burnham & Root, Monadnock Building, Chicago, 1891.
![Page 22: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Burnham & Root, Reliance Building, Chicago, 1891.
![Page 23: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Adler & Sullivan, Auditorium Building, Chicago, 1889.
Adler & Sullivan,
The Carson Pirie and Scott Department Store,
Chicago, 1903.
![Page 24: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
THE REVIVAL OF THE SCHOOL
![Page 27: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
L. Mies Van der Rohe,Lake Shore Drive Apartments, Chicago, 1951.
![Page 29: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, John Hancock Center, Chicago, 1970, 344 m.
![Page 31: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Sears Tower, Chicago, 1974, 520 m.
![Page 32: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Sears Tower, Chicago, 1974, 520 m.
![Page 33: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT (1867-1959) AND THE ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE
![Page 34: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Frank Lloyd Wright was an architect and writer whose distinct style helped him become one of the biggest forces in American architecture.
After college, he became chief assistant to architect Louis Sullivan in Chicago.
Wright worked for Sullivan until 1893, when he breached their contract by accepting private commissions to design homes and the two parted ways.
Over the next several years, Wright designed a series of residences and public buildings that became known as the leading examples of the “Prairie School” of architecture.
These were single-‐story homes with low, pitched roofs and long rows of casement windows, employing only locally available materials and wood that was always unstained and unpainted, emphasizing its natural beauty.
![Page 35: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Frank Lloyd Wright
THE PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE
![Page 36: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
ROBIE HOUSE, OAK PARK (ILL.), 1906
![Page 37: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Designed as two large rectangles that seem to slide past one another, the long, horizontal residence that Wright created for 28-‐year-‐old Frederick Robie, boldly established a new form of domestic design: the Prairie Houses. These were single-‐story homes with low, pitched roofs and long rows of casement windows, employing only locally available materials and wood.
ROBIE HOUSE, OAK PARK (ILL.), 1906
![Page 38: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
ROBIE HOUSE, OAK PARK (ILL.), 1906
![Page 39: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
FALLINGWATER, BEAR RUN (PENN.), 1935
![Page 40: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
FALLINGWATER, BEAR RUN (PENN.), 1935
![Page 41: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Inspired by the architect’s desire to integrate human-‐made structures into the natural world, Fallingwater typifies organic architecture. Wright coined the term “organic architecture” in the early 20th century. Deeply rooted in his love of nature, organic architecture’s primary intention is to unify buildings with their environments and visually blur the line between built structures and natural habitats.
FALLINGWATER, BEAR RUN (PENN.), 1935
![Page 42: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
FALLINGWATER, BEAR RUN (PENN.), 1935
![Page 43: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM, NEW YORK, 1959
![Page 44: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM, NEW YORK, 1959
![Page 45: DESIGNING’FOR’A’NEW’LIFESTYLE. MODERNISM… · istituto di istruzione secondaria superiore marie curie – savignano sul rubicone liceo scientifico - anno scolastico 2019-2020](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042805/5f67f987acc8e40186784a0b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
In 1943, Wright began a project that consumed the last 16 years of his life: designing the Guggenheim Museum of modern and contemporary art in New York City. An enormous white cylindrical building spiraling upward into a glass dome, the museum consists of a single gallery along a ramp that coils up from the ground floor. While Wright’s design was highly controversial at the time, it is now revered as one of New York City’s finest buildings.
GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM, NEW YORK, 1959